EP1390262A1

EP1390262A1 - Method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres, packaging and/or transport unit, and insulating plates

Info

Publication number: EP1390262A1
Application number: EP02743015A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd-Rüdiger Klose
Original assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date: 2001-05-26
Filing date: 2002-05-15
Publication date: 2004-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 2022-05-15
Also published as: ATE277818T1; WO2002096756A1; EP1390262B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres. A plurality of plates consisting of insulating material are arranged in such a way that their large surfaces are superimposed, forming a pile. The surfaces of the insulating plates in the pile are oriented in a horizontal and/or vertical direction, and the insulating plates of the pile are surrounded by a packaging and compressed. The invention also relates to a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres, which are collected together in a pile and surrounded by a packaging, the large surfaces of the insulating plates in the pile being superimposed in a vertical and/or horizontal direction. The aim of the invention is to develop a method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit and/or to develop one such packaging and/or transport unit, in such a way that it is especially easy to handle and has sufficient stability. To this end, the individual insulating plates of a pile are compressed before being arranged in the pile, and are then decompressed in a controlled manner, in such a way that the tension caused in the pile by means of the packaging is essentially evenly distributed over all of the elastified insulating plates arranged in the pile.

Description

Method for producing a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, packaging and / or

Transport unit and insulation board

The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, in which several insulating material panels are arranged with their large surface area next to one another and combined into a stack, the surfaces of the Insulation boards in the stack are aligned horizontally and / or vertically and the insulation boards of the stack are surrounded with a covering and compressed. The invention further relates to a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, which are combined into a stack and surrounded by a covering, the large surfaces of the insulating material plates in the stack being adjacent to one another in vertical and / or horizontal alignment. Finally, the invention relates to an insulation board in the form of a parallelepiped of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, for use in a packaging and / or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 and / or for use in a method according to a of claims 1 to 22, wherein the parallelepiped has two spaced-apart and parallel to each other large surfaces and for this purpose essentially rectangular narrow sides.

Mineral wool insulation materials consist of glassy solidified mineral fibers which are principally connected to one another at points with small amounts of a binder, usually a thermosetting plastic. The mineral fibers are obtained from a melt that is defibrated in a defibration unit. When producing such insulation materials, high proportions of organic matter must be minimized in order to achieve the non-combustible classification according to DIN 4101 Part 1 if possible. On the other hand, an elastic-resilient behavior of the individual mineral fibers within the Insulation is retained. The lower limit of the binder content is characterized by the achievement of the strength properties required for use and handling, such as compressive and tensile strength. In order to make the fiber mass hydrophobic, impregnating agents are also added in amounts of approx. 0.1 - approx. 0.4 mass%.

A distinction is usually made between glass and rock wool insulation materials.

Glass wool fibers are made from silicate melts with a relatively high alkali content, possibly also boron oxides, in such a way that the melt is passed through the fine wall openings of a rotating body. This results in relatively long and smooth mineral fibers, which are provided with binders and impregnants on an air-permeable conveyor belt. The specific output of such a defibration unit is low at a few hundred kilograms of mineral fibers per hour, so that several units together with the associated chutes are arranged one behind the other on a production line.

An endless fiber web drawn off from the defibration units is removed more or less quickly in accordance with the desired thickness and bulk density. The binder fixing the structure of the insulating material to be produced is hardened in a hardening furnace in which hot air is passed through the fiber web. The hardened fiber web is then trimmed laterally and, for example, cut into two webs in the middle, from which insulating boards with a certain length, for example half the line width and any widths, can be separated almost without loss.

In addition to insulation boards, insulation felts are manufactured as a further essential form of delivery, which can be rolled up in winding stations. Insulating felts have low bulk densities between approx. 8 to approx. 27 kg / m ³ and, if necessary, low binder proportions. Since the mineral fibers in the procedure described above lie flat on top of each other due to their shape and the pick-up technique used, the connection of the mineral fibers parallel to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber web is in principle much stronger than at right angles to it.

Insulating materials with this structure consequently have a very low transverse tensile strength and can only transmit low shear forces, which, for example, makes it easier to roll up such insulating felts. It is also very important that these insulation felts can be compressed with very little force without permanent damage to the structure and naturally only develop low restoring forces.

Insulating felts made of glass fibers are compressed during the winding process by up to approx. 80% of their original material thickness, whereby the restoring forces are so low that polyethylene foils with a very low material thickness of, for example, approx. 100 - 120 μm can be used to cover a wound insulating felt made from glass fibers , Such films can withstand the dynamic forces that occur when handling the covered insulating felts. The restoring force of the compressed insulation felts, on the other hand, is sufficiently large that the insulation felt regains its nominal thickness and thus its starting material thickness again after removal of the covering, even after a few months of storage.

Insulation felts according to DIN 18165, Part 1 "Classification as application type WL - thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, eg for insulation between rafters and beam layers", however, have quite large permissible tolerances. The permissible limit deviation of the measured mean value of a sample from the specified nominal thickness is + 15 here mm and - 5%, in addition there are permissible deviations of the measured single value of the sample from the mean value of ± 10 mm The measurement continues the thickness only under a load of 0.05 kN / m ² . A local falling below the nominal thickness due to the winding technology and within the wound insulation felt due to locally higher compression as well as creep and relaxation behavior that generally occurs during longer storage periods therefore have little technical impact and therefore do not constitute a serious sales obstacle.

The high compression of the insulation felt, on the other hand, represents a very significant advantage in the storage of the insulation felt in the manufacturing plant, at the trading company and on the construction site. At the same time, this entails significant cost reductions in the transport of the light but voluminous insulation felt made of mineral fibers ,

For many applications, the use of insulation felts is not possible or only possible to a limited extent. The manufacturers of insulating materials made of mineral fibers therefore also offer the insulating felts insulating boards, which are characterized by more exact dimensions and which can generally place higher demands on the dimensional stability. The permissible tolerances for insulation boards made of mineral fibers of application type W according to DIN 18165-1 "Thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, e.g. for walls, ceilings and roofs" are significantly narrower than for application type WL and are only + 5mm or + 6 for the mean value of the sample % or - 1 mm; plus individual value deviations of ± 5 mm. Furthermore, the load for the thickness measurements is 0.1 kN / m ² and there is no upsetting of the plate to be tested for relaxation.

A large number of insulation boards are combined to form a stack, the stack of insulation boards being provided with a covering and forming a packaging and / or transport unit. The insulation boards in the packaging and / or transport unit are also subject to compression, which is primarily caused by the wrapping. The compression of the insulation boards is lower than that of insulation felts and usually reaches a compression level of approx. 20 - 50% of the original material thickness. Insulation boards are made with a slight excess thickness to ensure that to compensate for the subsequent compression and the creep and relaxation effects that occur during storage. The degree of possible non-destructive compression decreases with increasing bulk density.

Insulating materials made of stone fibers, in particular insulating materials made of stone fibers, are less easy to compress than insulating materials made of glass fibers, since they have clearly different structures, which are essentially shown in the swirled shape of the short stone fibers, with the stone fibers already on the way from the Aggregate the defibration machine to the conveyor belt to form flakes. Because of this behavior, despite being opposite

Insulating materials made of glass fibers around 30 - 50% lower amounts of binding agent achieved relatively high compressive and transverse tensile values.

Since the very powerful defibration units for defibrating a melt made of silicate rock have a high material throughput, it is necessary to remove the mineral fibers, which have been mixed with binders and regularly also with impregnation agents, very quickly in the form of a fiber web for rapid cooling. This takes place in the form of a so-called primary fleece, which is as thin as possible and which is placed transversely on a second slower-moving transport device by means of a pendulum device in the flattest possible storage.

By swinging the thin primary fleece inhomogeneities within the primary fleece and thus in the endless fiber web built up from it are compensated. The insulation materials made from it show, for example, very narrow fluctuations in raw density across the width of the production line and the height of the fiber web.

The arrangement of the individual mineral fibers within the fiber web is clearly different. With the insulation materials in question here with rel. With a low bulk density, the mineral fibers are arranged in the production direction at flat angles, occasionally at semi-steep angles to the large surfaces. On In contrast, a cross-section of the production direction shows a supposedly horizontal storage. Furthermore, the connection between the original layers of the primary fleece is generally weaker than between the individual mineral fibers within the same layer. The reasons for this are the reduction in the adhesive capacity of the binder in the surfaces of the primary fleece due to drying, loss of binder to the transport devices and also the presence of weakly bound or almost binder-free flat mineral fiber agglomerations.

Further inhomogeneities in the endless fibrous web result from different binder distributions within the layers of the primary nonwoven, so that here clod-like areas with higher rigidity are present alongside those with low rigidity. Particularly in the case of low-density insulation materials, the interfaces of the original layers of the primary fleece are noticeable on the two large surfaces by furrows, discolorations, enrichments of binder-free mineral fibers, etc., which run transversely to the production direction. When the two large surfaces are loaded by local pressure or when bending insulation boards made from them, these preferably tear open along the interfaces between the primary nonwoven layers. The tensile and flexural tensile strength of these stone wool insulation boards is therefore significantly lower in the direction of production than at right angles to them.

The stresses acting on the insulation continue to lead to deformations in relatively narrow areas between the stiffer clods within the

Insulation and degrade due to breaks or cracks between these areas.

When an insulation felt made of stone fibers is rolled up, the insulation felt tears open or completely. Similar effects occur in particular in the case of insulation boards with a large material thickness and / or bulk density if individual surface areas are compressed there. Instead of this common pick-up technique using a pendulum, the so-called direct pick-up of the endless fiber web to the thickness required for the end product is also practiced in the production of insulation materials from stone fibers. The pronounced anisotropy of the properties of the insulating materials made of stone fibers cannot be observed here. On the other hand, this technology has such serious disadvantages that it can only be operated in small systems and in areas with low requirements for product uniformity.

By improving the defibering and collecting technology, the bulk density of insulation made of stone fibers can be reduced to approx. 22 - 25 kg / m ³ , whereby it should be noted that the net fiber mass in these insulation materials is only approx. 70%, the remaining shares are the finest unbound non-fibrous components, but they do not impair the mechanical properties. Insulating materials made of stone fibers in the bulk density range of approx. 22 - approx. 50 kg / m ³ achieve thermal conductivity values of λ _R = 0.040 W / mK and can be classified in the thermal conductivity group 040 according to DIN 4108. From bulk densities of approx. 45 kg / m ³ , but mostly only from approx. 50 kg / m ³ , the lower and also economically more interesting thermal conductivity group 035 can be reached. The borders are fluid and are constantly being pushed by technical developments.

It is known to compress fiber webs made of stone fibers with about 1 - 2% by mass of binder using a roller and then to compress the fiber web with a degree of compression of max. Roll up approx. 70% of the starting material thickness. However, the fiber webs are regularly damaged, so that cracks occur or the nominal thickness is no longer reached.

By reducing the average fiber diameter and using improved collection techniques for the formation of the primary fleece, it has recently been possible to also use insulating felts made of stone fibers, in particular the application type WL and the thermal conductivity group 040, despite approx. 2.5 - 3.5 mass% increased binder content with a degree of compression of approx. 60 - 70% of the initial material thickness. Insulation felts of thermal conductivity group 035 can only be wound up without damage with a degree of compression of approx. 40 - 45% of the starting material thickness. After unrolling, sections separated from this fiber web usually still have the desired rigidity, so that they can be clamped between rafters or ceiling beams without further support. If no internal stiffness is required, the compression can of course be increased as far as an internal connection is still guaranteed.

Rolling up the insulation felts is only possible if the structure is changed by rolling over once in the area of influence of a roller by loosening the bond, partially destroying the bandage or the mineral fibers. The driven roller acts from above on the insulation felt conveyed on a belt. Since the insulation felts generally have a greater length than the usable width of the production systems, the conveyor and reel-up are identical. However, the action of the roller, which is often underdimensioned due to space constraints or due to lack of knowledge of the interrelationships, usually means that the surface of the insulating material that expands again after passing through the roller tears open, of course, preferably at the weak zones present.

Another clear, but actually not material-appropriate and also difficult to control elastification takes place through the compressing rolling up of the insulation felts. However, because of the shape of the roll being formed, the process does not run smoothly, so that the inner layers of the roll are deformed much more than the outer layers. The damage to the insulating felts triggered in the process leads to defects in processing.

A material-appropriate elasticization of fiber webs is described in DE 199 04 167 C1. A device used for this purpose consists of a belt system which performs repeated increasing compressions and controlled decompressions of the fiber web or the insulating felt. The insulation felt or the fibrous web is therefore spread evenly over the entire transverse cut elasticized, so that no damage occurs both when rolling up and unrolling.

Insulation boards made of stone fibers are manufactured with the usual dimensions of 1 or 1, 2 m length x 0.6 or 0.625 m width in thicknesses of approx. 20 - approx. 240 mm. These insulation boards are combined into packaging units which, for handling reasons, have a weight of max. 20 kg and limited to heights of approx. 40 to approx. 60 cm. The insulation boards, which are combined in a stack and with their large surfaces lying next to one another and having a vertical and / or horizontal orientation with respect to the large surfaces, are initially lengthened an envelope, for example in the form of a tensile film made of plastics, paper; Composite films of paper and plastics, metal, paper and / or plastics; Nonwovens made from natural or synthetic fibers or similar suitable materials. Films made of polyethylene, in particular in the form of shrink films, are used very frequently.

The stack is now compressed so far that, taking into account the expansion or the play of the casing, the packaging unit ultimately has the desired degree of compression in height. The deformations of the insulation panels that occur in the process decrease very greatly from the outside inwards.

In order to minimize the use of packaging materials, the ends of the wrapping are now connected to one another in a force-locking manner, and welded to one another in the case of thermoplastic films. The wrapping must now be placed around the compressed stack of insulation boards in a form-fitting manner in order to avoid a strong increase in the pre-compression and thus irreversible damage to the structure of the insulation boards. At the same time, the covering on the end faces must protrude, better still be led around the edges in order to protect the edges of the insulation boards.

In order to ensure the desired degree of compression of the packaging unit, especially since films stretch under tension, the wrapping can be shrunk completely or in suitable zones by means of thermal energy. Here, the plates arranged on the outside of the stack are significantly compressed and deformed. Since the insulation panels arranged in the middle area of the stack are hardly or only deformed in the elastic range when the stack is compressed, these insulation panels may force the two exterior insulation panels between themselves and the covering, in particular if the storage time is long. The result is irreversible changes in shape and regular shortfalls in the nominal thickness of all insulation boards of the stack, but especially of the two outer boards. As a remedy, the insulation boards as well as the insulation felts can be manufactured from the outset with excess thickness. However, this reduces the economic efficiency of the manufacturing process without reliably eliminating the disadvantages.

Starting from this prior art, the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing a packaging and / or transport unit, such a packaging and / or transport unit and an insulation board, in which or in which the aforementioned Disadvantages are avoided and in particular a packaging and / or transport unit that is easy to handle and provided with sufficient stability is formed.

The solution to this problem provides, in a method according to the invention, that the individual insulation boards of a stack are compressed before being arranged in the stack and then decompressed in a guided manner, so that the tension built up by the covering in the stack is applied to all of the insulation boards arranged and elasticized in the stack is distributed substantially evenly. With regard to the packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention, to solve the problem, it is provided that the insulation panels are elasticized by at least one compression acting on their large surfaces, so that a tension built up by the wrapping in the stack onto all those arranged and elasticized in the stack

Insulation boards appear essentially uniform. Finally, to solve the problem with an insulation board according to the invention it is provided that the parallelepiped is particularly in the area of its large Particularly in the area of its large surface, it is compressed and preferably additionally decompressed in such a way that there is an elasticity which, when several parallelepipeds are arranged in a stack surrounded by an envelope, enables a uniform stress distribution of the compressive stress applied by the envelope in the stack to the individual parallelepipeds.

Preferred further development of the method according to the invention, the packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention and the insulation board according to the invention are specified in the subclaims and are described below.

The method according to the invention allows insulation boards, in particular made of stone fibers, to be compressed uniformly without irreversible deformations in the packaging and / or transport unit. For this purpose, the structure of the insulation boards is subjected to a compression, preferably repeated several times, which may increase with each further step, with subsequent decompression over the entire volume of the insulation board and loosened evenly so that no serious internal breaks or cracks occur in the insulation board, essentially, however, the forces required for deformation over the height decrease significantly.

The elasticization can be effectively supported by an additional longitudinal compression of the insulation board in the area of the decompression zone.

In order to bring about additional elasticization by shearing the insulation boards, in particular in the production direction which is more flexible, the conveying speed between an upper and a lower belt or corresponding rollers for acting on the large surfaces can be different. The resulting shift between the upper and lower large surface of an insulation board should be limited to approx. 5 - 50 mm in relation to the 1 m length of the insulation board, depending on the thickness of the insulation board. The method according to the invention can be carried out with devices which are equipped with rollers. Due to the possibility of additionally using height-adjustable rollers, the insulation boards with their linear zones of weakness can be conveyed through the system perpendicular to the roller axes, i.e. mostly oriented in the longitudinal direction of the boards, and at the same time insulation boards of different material thicknesses and / or raw densities can be processed or different Degrees of elasticity can be achieved. In this conveying direction, the insulation panels have significantly higher tensile strengths in the surface zones and corresponding tensile and flexural tensile strengths. On the other hand, the resistance to longitudinal compression in this direction of conveyance is significantly higher, so that the degree of compression here has to be narrowly limited or carefully graded in order to avoid destruction.

The individual positioning of the rollers rel. to the central axis allows an additional careful loosening of the surface areas.

The throughput of the device provided for the method according to the invention for the elasticization of the insulating boards corresponds to the production output of the manufacturing plant for insulating boards provided for the production, so that the additional elasticization of the insulating boards does not result in a significant increase in the manufacturing costs.

A discontinuous device is suitable for a particularly gentle elasticization of insulation boards, in particular at the upper limit of the raw density range in question, in which two or more insulation boards are moved onto a lifting table and are subjected to one or more compression and decompression cycles between two pressure stamps. This device can be operated, for example, with a frequency of up to several hearts, so that it is particularly suitable for producing insulating boards with different degrees of elasticity in regular alternation. Mechanical elasticization cannot, of course, have a selective effect on the differently rigid volume units within the insulation board to be elasticized. In order to avoid accidental destruction of the structure, the action is gradually increased if possible and repeated relatively often.

A supplementary hydrothermal pretreatment has therefore proven to be particularly advantageous for insulation boards with medium to high bulk density. In principle, heated water, in particular in the form of water vapor, acts on the thermosetting binder and thus reduces the rigidity, in particular of the clod-like volume units rich in binder. This results in a more even and faster reaction of the structure to mechanical action.

For example, water vapor can be pressed or sucked directly behind a hardening furnace through the still warm insulation panels. These plates are then mechanically elasticized.

Treatment of the insulation boards in an autoclave is much more effective. An approx. Fifteen-minute treatment of the insulation panels at 1 bar overpressure, corresponding to 121 ° C, is sufficient to achieve the intended effect. The reaction times and conditions are not fixed, but can of course be changed.

In order to keep the energy consumption for this treatment in the autoclave as low as possible, the insulation panels behind the hardening furnace are again not cooled, but stacked warm, for example on pallets. The autoclaves are usually operated in pairs in order to use each other's waste heat. Due to the hydrothermal treatment, the insulation boards are initially damp, but dry themselves after a short period of storage or are dried with the help of air drawn through them.

The elasticized insulation boards are stacked on top of one another according to the size of the desired packaging units. Although the forces required for compression have now been significantly reduced, the insulation materials do not behave like a continuum, i.e. the compression is different over the thickness of each individual insulation board and thus to a greater extent over the height of the stack. This effect is countered by combining insulation boards with different levels of elasticity in one stack.

Conveniently, the insulation panels lying inside the stack are more elasticized than the insulation panels arranged further out, in particular than the two insulation panels arranged in the edge of the stack. This initially reduces the deformation forces required when compressing the packaging and / or transport unit and subsequently also the internal stresses in the packaging and / or transport unit. The pressure on the outer insulation boards is reduced and thus the degree of deformation of these insulation boards.

In order to maintain the overall benefit of the compressed packaging and / or transport units in difficult cases, in particular to avoid changing logistics systems, the external insulation boards can be designed with a higher bulk density.

The stack is then coated with foils made of plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA, paper, composite paper foils with metal or plastics, and non-diffusion nonwovens made of thermoplastic mineral fibers. The thicknesses of the thermoplastic films are approx. 70 - 120 μm. The wrapping usually takes place around the longitudinal axis of the stack. It should extend well beyond the edges of the stack to allow free expansion to avoid individual areas, especially the ends of the insulation boards. The stackability and the visual appearance of the packaging and / or transport unit are significantly improved if the wrapping is guided around the front ends of the insulation boards.

The stack can be provided with one or in each case an externally arranged, inherently rigid cover layer made of, for example, cardboard or plastic molded parts, which lead around the longitudinal edges. These top layers can be reduced to longitudinal corner protection brackets. The corner protection brackets are put on, glued or clipped on.

The stack is now compressed together with the wrapping that is still open. Then the ends of the sheathing are non-positively connected. In order to compensate for the play in the wrapping, the stack can be compressed to the desired extent.

If the insulation boards can only develop low restoring forces due to their elasticization, the ends of shrink-film sheets can be welded together. The covering can then be shrunk on by a thermal treatment, in particular the in

In the longitudinal direction of the stack projecting ends of the wrapper are treated.

With less elasticized insulation panels, the foils damaged by the welding in the microstructural area along the weld seams are easily torn open. Suitable foils with sufficient overlap must be glued here. Alternatively, the more or less compressed stacks are inserted into tubular films, which naturally do not have any welded or glued seams.

Thermoplastic films expand over time under tension. To ensure the compression wheel of the packaging and / or transport unit and to be able to use thin foils at the same time, the wrappings are wrapped with tear-resistant tapes, shrink-wrapped or glued or covered with tear-resistant adhesive tapes for better recycling.

During transport and storage, the packaging and / or transport units are placed on edge, if possible, to avoid additional loads e.g. to avoid in large containers. Since the sides of the insulation panels are not elasticized, this results in a stable position of the individual packaging and / or transport unit.

In order to move the packaging and / or transport units manually in a simple manner, the approx. 6 - approx. 20 kg, preferably approx. 8 - 13 kg heavy packaging and / or transport units have handles. This prevents the packaging and / or transport units from being damaged when improperly tampered with in the partially open end faces, so that the packaging and / or transport units available on the market offer an unsightly sight, which is a sales obstacle even when the technical Properties of the insulation boards are not affected.

As an inexpensive solution, at least one tear-resistant broad band is shrunk or glued onto the covering in the longitudinal direction of the insulation boards or the stack. Adhesive tapes are also suitable for this. With the aid of these tapes, which are arranged, for example, in the region of the partially open end faces, the packaging and / or transport unit can be gripped in the region of the end faces without there being any risk of damage to the wrapping in this region.

The handles or carrying aids prevent the packaging and / or transport unit from being ground over the floor, in particular on construction sites, as a result of which the strongly tensioned casings are damaged and quickly damaged in the event of external damage, for example when touching scaffolding parts opens up and the stack falls apart. remedy creates the attachment of the carrying aids on the narrow sides of the packaging and / or transport unit, which are favorably reduced by the compression.

These carrying aids are advantageously produced by lengthening the wrapping packaging materials. In the case of a possible simple design, it is provided that the ends of the covering are extended to approximately 5 to approximately 20 cm. The strips or tabs formed in this way are reinforced by several welded or glued seams. Finger holes for pulling the packaging and / or transport unit down from a stack and a slot for engaging by hand are cut into the tabs by punching or using laser light.

Each flap can be reinforced by cardboard strips loosely inserted, but also fully or partially on or glued in or thicker foils, preferably in the area of the central engagement hole or slot. Likewise, one or both cover layers can be extended around one of the two side surfaces up to these tabs.

The carrying aids can be attached to both ends of the packaging and / or transport units.

Especially when the packaging and / or transport units are still relatively large in volume, carrying is simplified if the tab is arranged off-center, for example in the vicinity of one of the large surfaces of the packaging and / or transport unit. In the version with carrying aids on both end faces, these can also be arranged offset from one another.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing shows: Figure 1 is an insulation board in perspective view.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of an elasticizing device for an insulation board according to FIG. 1 in a side view;

3 shows a second embodiment of a device for the elasticization of an insulation board according to FIG. 1;

4 shows a diagram with compression and decompression cycles for the elasticization of an insulation board according to FIG. 1;

5 shows a packaging and / or transport unit for insulation panels according to FIG. 1 in a view;

6 shows the packaging and / or transport unit according to FIG. 5 in a sectional side view;

Fig. 7, the packaging and / or transport unit according to the

Figures 5 and 6 in a first position during their manufacture;

FIG. 8 shows the packaging and / or transport unit according to FIG. 7 in a second position during its manufacture;

Fig. 9, the packaging and / or transport unit according to the

Figures 7 and 8 in a third position during their manufacture;

10 shows an alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit according to FIGS. 5 to 9 in a perspective view and 11 shows a further alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit according to FIGS. 5 to 9 in a perspective view.

An insulation board 1 shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a parallelepiped and has two large surfaces 2 aligned parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another, the longitudinal sides 3 arranged at right angles to the large surfaces 2 and at right angles to the large surfaces

2 and to the long sides 3 arranged narrow sides 4 are connected to each other. The narrow sides 4 determine the width of the insulation board 1 and run during the production process of such insulation board 1 at right angles to the conveying direction of the insulation board 1, while the long sides

3 determine the length of the insulation board 1 and are aligned parallel to the direction of conveyance during the production process.

The insulation board 1 consists of mineral fibers, which are obtained in a process known per se from a silicate melt in a defibration unit and are then deposited on a conveyor device with the addition of binders and impregnating agents. The mineral fibers form a primary fleece on this conveying device, which is leveled to a secondary fleece in further processing stations. The insulation panels 1 are produced from this secondary fleece, which can be compressed in further processing stages and cut at the longitudinal edges.

The arrangement of the individual fibers is significantly different within the secondary fleece. Essentially, the individual fibers in the secondary nonwovens in question with a relatively low bulk density in the production direction are arranged at flat angles, sometimes at semi-steep angles to the large surfaces 2. An arrangement of the individual fibers in horizontal storage is shown perpendicular to the production direction. In FIG. 1, interfaces 5 of the layers of the original primary fleece can be seen. The insulation board 1 shown in Figure 1 is to be elasticized for reasons to be explained below. For this purpose, a device 6 shown in FIG. 2 is provided for the elasticization of the insulation board 1.

The device 6, through which an insulation board 1 is conveyed in the direction of arrow 7, has an acting on the upper large surface 2 of the insulating board 1 roller set 8 with a plurality of rollers 9 and one acting on the lower large surface 2 of the insulating board 1 Roll set 10 with a plurality of rolls 11. Each set of rollers 8, 10 is divided into a compression zone and a decompression zone. The compression zone is characterized by two sections 12 and 13, the distance between the rollers 9, 11 of the roller sets 8, 10 decreasing in the direction of the arrow in section 12 and the distance of these rollers 9, 11 being kept at one size in section 13 which essentially corresponds to the distance between the last two rollers 9, 11 of the section 12.

The insulation board 1 is thus compressed from its original material thickness in the first section 12 to a reduced material thickness. In the second section 13, the compression of the insulation board 1 is maintained. The decompression zone then adjoins the second section 13 of the compression zone with a section 14 in which the compressed insulation board 1 is checked and relaxed to its original material thickness. Due to a reduced rotational speed of the rollers 9 and 11 in the section 14 compared to the rotational speed of the rollers 9 and 11 in the roller sets 8 and 10 of the sections 12 and 13, a longitudinal compression of the insulation board 1 is also carried out. The insulation board 1 is elasticized by the device 6 described above.

The rollers 9 and 11 are arranged height-adjustable in storage racks, not shown, so that insulation boards 1 of different material thickness can be processed, or insulation boards 1 of the same material thickness can be elasticized differently by different compressions and decompressions. The elasticization of the insulation boards 1 is due to the fact that the linear zones of weakness of the insulation boards 1 are aligned transversely to the axes of the rollers 9 and 11 and thus mostly run in the longitudinal direction of the insulation boards 1. In this direction, the insulation panels 1 have a significantly higher tensile strength in the areas of the large surfaces 2 and corresponding tensile and bending tensile strengths in their structure. On the other hand, the resistance of the insulation panels 1 to longitudinal compression in this direction is significantly higher, so that the degree of longitudinal compression must be narrowly limited and carefully graded in order to avoid destruction. Due to the individual arrangement of the rollers 9 and 11 relative to the central axis of the insulation board 1, the large surfaces 2 can also be loosened.

The device 6 described above enables a continuous elasticization of insulation boards 1, so that such a device 6 can be integrated loss-free in existing production systems.

An alternative embodiment of a device 6 for the elasticization of insulation boards 1 is shown in FIG.

This device 6 is used for a particularly gentle elasticization of insulation panels 1, in particular at the upper limit of the raw density range in question. It is a discontinuously operating device 6 in which at least one, but advantageously two or more insulation panels 1 on a lifting table 15 side by side are arranged and then subjected to one or more compression and guided decompression cycles with a support 16 opposite the lifting table 15. For this purpose, the lifting table 15, which is arranged in the region of a conveyor belt 17, is arranged such that it can be moved in height relative to the conveyor belt 17 via a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 18. In the same way, the support 16 is via a further hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 19 in their distance from the lifting table 15 can be changed, so that on the one hand it is ensured that the desired number of insulating boards 1 can be arranged between the lifting table 15 and the support 16 and on the other hand the necessary compression and decompression on the insulating boards via a pulsating movement of the pneumatic cylinders 18 and 19 1 is transferable. The movement of the support 16 and the lifting table 15 can take place, for example, at a frequency of up to several Hertz.

The device 6 according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for forming the insulating boards 1 in alternation with different degrees of elasticity.

FIG. 4 shows an example of compression and decompression cycles as they are advantageously carried out on insulation boards 1. For this purpose, the compression cycles are shown in the lower area of the diagram with the arrow K and the decompression cycles in the upper area of the diagram with the letter D.

The purpose of the above-described elasticization of the insulation boards 1 is that the insulation boards 1 in a packaging and / or

Transport unit can be arranged, which consists of a number of insulation panels 1, which are arranged to form a stack 20, the insulation panels 1 with their large surfaces 2 can be arranged horizontally or vertically in the stack 20. There is also the possibility of providing a combination of the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the insulation boards 1 in the stack 20.

This stack 20 is surrounded by an envelope 21, which consists of a shrink film. The casing 22 is designed such that it completely surrounds the insulation boards 1 in the stack 20 by the shrinking process and at the same time applies pressure. If the insulation panels 1 are elasticized in accordance with the above description, the insulation panels 1 are compressed uniformly in the packaging and / or transport unit, so that damage and plastic deformations, in particular on the external insulation panels 1, due to excessive compression and rigidity of the internal insulation panels 1 are avoided.

Corresponding packaging and / or transport units are shown in FIGS. 5 to 10. FIGS. 5 and 6 show a packaging and / or transport unit with a stack 20 of insulating boards 1 vertically aligned with their large surfaces 2. The wrapping 21 lies over the entire surface on both large surfaces 2 of the external insulating boards 1 and also extends over the The entirety of the long sides 3 of the insulation panels 1 arranged in the stack 20. In the central region of the stack 20, two film sections 22 and 23 forming the envelope 21 are welded to one another, so that on the one hand a shorter connecting strap 24 and on the other hand a longer connecting strap 25 are formed.

The connecting flap 25 has a first weld seam 26 directly above the stack 20 and a second weld seam 27 at its free end, with reinforcing elements, for example plastic or cardboard strips, being able to be inserted into the weld seams 26, 27.

On the one hand, an incision 28 is cut in the middle as a handle opening between the weld seams 26 and 27. Circular holes 29 are arranged on both sides of the incision 28 and are used, for example, to be able to hang the packaging and / or transport unit on the frame side. In addition, these holes 29 are provided to give the handling person an opportunity to specifically grasp the packaging and / or transport unit and, for example, to pull it down from a stack of several packaging and / or transport units.

In the area of the incision 28 or the holes 29, additional reinforcement elements can be inserted between the two film sections 22 and 23, respectively. FIGS. 7 to 9 schematically show the manufacture of a packaging and / or transport unit in three steps.

Figure 7 shows the stack 20 consisting of four insulation boards 1, which are arranged with their large surfaces 2 adjacent to each other. The stack 20 rests on a section 23 of the casing 1 and is covered on the upper side with a section 22 of the casing 21.

In the subsequent packaging step, the stack 20 is compressed together with the covering 21 by pressure on the large surfaces 2 of the external insulation panels 1 until the sections 22 and 23 of the covering 21 according to FIG. 9 in the region of their ends which overlap in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1 can be welded to the connecting straps 24 and 25. This process can be accompanied by a shrinking process of the casing 21. It is important that the previous elasticization of the insulation panels 1 compresses not only the exterior insulation panels 1, but also the interior insulation panels 1 of the stack 20 when the stack 20 is compressed, so that not only the exterior insulation panels 1 are subject to elastic deformation , Rather, it is provided that all insulation boards 1 are elastically deformed so that they re-assume their original material thickness after the casing 21 has been opened on the construction site.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show further embodiments of a packaging and / or transport unit, which in turn have a stack 20 of a plurality of insulation boards 1 and a wrapping 21 consisting of a thermoplastic film. The insulation boards 1 are aligned with one another with their large surfaces 2 and surrounded with the casing 21 in accordance with the above description in accordance with the arrangement in FIGS. 7 to 9. In addition to the embodiments of the packaging and / or transport units according to FIGS. 5 to 9, the embodiment according to FIG. 10 has a supplementary, tear-resistant band 30 running in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1, for example made of plastic, which completely surrounds the stack 20 and the envelope 21. The tape 30 can be shrunk or glued to the sheath 21. The task of the band 30 is to compensate for any expansion of the casing 21 due to the tensile stress. The belt 30 significantly improves the stability of the packaging and / or transport unit, so that, for example, thinner foils can also be used as wrapping 21.

FIG. 11 shows a packaging and / or transport unit according to FIG. 10, but in which the stack 20 and the wrapping 21 are surrounded by two bands which run transversely to the longitudinal extent of the insulation panels 1.

Claims

Expectations

1. A process for the production of a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular of stone and / or glass fibers, in which several insulating material plates with their large surface area are arranged next to one another and combined to form a stack, the surfaces of the Insulation boards in the stack are aligned horizontally and / or vertically and the insulation boards of the stack are surrounded with a covering and compressed, characterized in that the individual insulation boards of a stack before being arranged in the

The stack is compressed and then decompressed in a guided manner, so that the tension built up by the covering in the stack is distributed substantially uniformly over all of the insulating boards arranged and elasticized in the stack.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation panels are compressed and decompressed in several steps.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a decompression step is carried out between two compression steps.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the compression steps are carried out with increasing degree of compression.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulation board is preferably subjected to at least one compression in the longitudinal direction in the decompression step.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulation panel is preferably exposed in its longitudinal extent to a shear stress, wherein the shear stress is carried out along a neutral zone parallel to the large surfaces.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the displacement of the mineral fibers in the insulation board triggered by the shear stress is limited to 5 to 50 mm in relation to a length of one meter depending on the thickness of the insulation board.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the insulating board is loosened in addition to the compression treatment of the insulating board.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation board is subjected in addition to mechanical elasticization to a hydrothermal pretreatment, in which a Insulating board containing thermosetting binder acts in particular vaporous water.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the hydrothermal pretreatment of the insulating board takes place immediately after leaving a hardening furnace, the water vapor being pressed and / or sucked through the still warm insulating board.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the hydrothermal pretreatment takes place before the mechanical elastification.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation board is fed to the autoclave before the mechanical elasticization, in which the insulation board is treated with an excess pressure.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulation board is fed to the autoclave immediately after leaving a hardening furnace.

14. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulation board is dried by warm air before it is inserted into the stack.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that different insulation levels are combined in the stack of insulation boards.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that in the stack of external insulation boards with a lower and in the stack of internal insulation boards with a higher degree of elasticity are arranged.

17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation panels lying outside in the stack have a higher bulk density than the insulation panels lying inside in the stack.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of insulation boards with an envelope from a

Plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA and / or paper, paper composite films with plastic and / or metal, non-diffusion nonwovens, in particular from thermoplastic mineral fibers, is encased.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a protective element, for example in the form of a cover layer made of cardboard or plastic, is arranged above the uppermost insulation board of the stack and / or below the lowest insulation board of the stack.

20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of insulating boards is compressed when the wrapping is open and then the wrapping is closed when the stack is compressed.

21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of insulation boards is compressed and inserted in a compressed position in a tubular casing.

22. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating panels arranged in the covering are wrapped with rice-resistant tapes.

23. Packing and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, which are combined into a stack and surrounded with a covering, the large surfaces of the insulating material plates in the stack being adjacent to one another in a vertical and / or horizontal orientation are arranged, characterized in that the insulation panels (1) are elasticized by at least one compression acting on their large surfaces (2), so that a tension built up by the covering (21) in the stack (20) applies to all in the stack (20) arranged and elasticized insulation boards (1) acts substantially evenly.

24. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering (21) made of a plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA and / or paper, paper, Composite films with plastic and / or metal, non-diffusion nonwovens, in particular thermoplastic mineral fibers.

25. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the insulation panels (1) in the stack (20) have a different degree of compression and thus a different elasticity and / or a different bulk density.

26. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack (20) external insulation panels (1) have a lower and in the stack (20) internal insulation panels (1) have a higher elasticization.

27. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack (20) external insulation panels (1) have higher and in the stack (20) internal insulation panels (1) have a lower bulk density.

28. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that a protective element is or are arranged above the uppermost insulation board (1) of the stack (20) and / or below the lowest insulation board (1) of the stack (20) ,

29. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is designed as a cover layer, the size of which essentially corresponds to the size of a large surface (2) of an insulation board (1).

30. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is designed as an angle covering at least one edge of the insulation board (1).

31. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is detachably connected to the insulation board (1), in particular is glued or attached.

32. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element consists of cardboard and / or plastic.

33. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering (21) is surrounded by at least one rice-resistant band (30) which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the stack (20).

34. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the band (30) is made of plastic and shrunk onto the covering (21) and / or glued to the covering (21).

35. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering (21) has an approach with a handle.

36. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized in that that the approach is glued to the casing (21) and / or shrunk onto the casing (21).

37. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized in that the approach is formed in a band.

38. Insulation board in the form of a parallelepiped made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, for use in a packaging and / or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 and / or for use in a method according to one of the claims 1 to 22, wherein the parallelepiped has two spaced-apart and parallel to one another large surfaces and narrow sides extending essentially at right angles thereto, characterized in that the parallelepiped is compressed and preferably additionally decompressed in particular in the region of its large surface (2) that there is an elasticity which, when a plurality of parallelepipeds is arranged in a stack (20) surrounded by an envelope (21), enables a uniform stress distribution of the compressive stress in the stack (20) applied by the envelope (21) to the individual parallelepipeds.

39. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized in that the large surfaces (2) are loosened mechanically.

40. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized in that the parallelepiped consists of a suspended mineral fiber primary fleece.