EP1390262B1 - Method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres, packaging and/or transport unit, and insulating plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres. A plurality of plates consisting of insulating material are arranged in such a way that their large surfaces are superimposed, forming a pile. The surfaces of the insulating plates in the pile are oriented in a horizontal and/or vertical direction, and the insulating plates of the pile are surrounded by a packaging and compressed. The invention also relates to a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating material consisting of mineral fibres, which are collected together in a pile and surrounded by a packaging, the large surfaces of the insulating plates in the pile being superimposed in a vertical and/or horizontal direction. The aim of the invention is to develop a method for producing a packaging and/or transport unit and/or to develop one such packaging and/or transport unit, in such a way that it is especially easy to handle and has sufficient stability. To this end, the individual insulating plates of a pile are compressed before being arranged in the pile, and are then decompressed in a controlled manner, in such a way that the tension caused in the pile by means of the packaging is essentially evenly distributed over all of the elastified insulating plates arranged in the pile.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging and / or Transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular made of stone and / or glass fibers, in which several insulation boards with their large Surface arranged next to each other and combined into a stack be, the surfaces of the insulation boards in the stack horizontally and / or are aligned vertically and the insulation boards of the stack with one Envelope surrounded and summarized compressed. Furthermore concerns the invention a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped Insulation materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, which too are combined in a stack and surrounded by an envelope, whereby the large surfaces of the insulation boards in the stack are stacked in vertical and / or horizontal alignment are arranged. After all, the subject is the invention an insulation board in the form of a parallelepiped of mineral fibers, in particular of stone and / or glass fibers for use in a packaging and / or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 and / or for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, the parallelepiped two spaced apart and parallel large surfaces aligned with each other and essentially this has narrow sides extending at right angles.

Such a method is known, for example, from document US-A-4799350 as known.

Mineral wool insulation consists of glassy solidified mineral fibers with small amounts of a binder, usually a thermosetting In principle, plastics are connected to one another point by point. The mineral fibers are obtained from a melt in a defibration unit is frayed. There are high proportions in the manufacture of such insulation materials organic matter to minimize the classification in the Building material class non-combustible according to DIN 4101 part 1. On the other hand, should an elastic-resilient behavior of the individual mineral fibers within the Insulation material is retained. The lower limit of the binder content is given by achieving the strength properties required for use and handling such as compressive and tensile strength. Around To hydrophobize the fiber mass, impregnants are still used in quantities of approx. 0.1 -approx. 0.4 mass% added.

A distinction is usually made between glass and rock wool insulation materials.

Glass wool fibers are made from silicate melts with a relatively high alkali content, optionally also produced boron oxides in such a way that the melt is passed through the fine wall openings of a rotating body. This creates relatively long and smooth mineral fibers with binders and impregnants fall onto an air-permeable conveyor belt. The specific The output of such a defibration unit is a few hundred Kilograms of mineral fibers per hour low, so that several aggregates together The associated chutes are arranged one behind the other over a production line become.

An endless fiber web drawn off from the defibration units becomes corresponding the desired thickness and bulk density can be removed more or less quickly. The hardening of the structure of the insulation material to be produced fixing binder takes place in a hardening furnace, in which hot air through the fiber web is passed through. Then the cured fiber web trimmed on the side and, for example, split in two in the middle, of which almost lossless insulation boards with a certain length, for example half the line width and any width can.

In addition to insulation boards, insulation felts are manufactured as a further essential form of delivery, which can be rolled up in winding stations. Insulating felts have low bulk densities between approx. 8 to approx. 27 kg / m ³ and possibly low binder proportions.

Because the mineral fibers are due to the procedure described above their shape and the applied pick-up technique flat on top of each other the mineral fibers are connected parallel to the large surfaces the mineral fiber web in principle much stronger than at right angles to it. Insulation materials with this structure therefore have a very low transverse tensile strength and can only transmit low shear forces, which for example the rolling up of such insulation felt facilitated. It is also very important that this Insulating felts without permanent damage to the structure with low forces can be compressed very high and naturally only low restoring forces develop.

Insulating felts made of glass fibers become up to 80% of their size during the winding process Starting material thickness compressed, the restoring forces are so low that for wrapping a wound insulation felt made of glass fiber polyethylene films with a very low material thickness of approx. 100 - 120 µm, for example can be used. Such films can be used when handling the wrapped Insulating felts withstand dynamic forces. The restoring force of the compressed insulation felt, on the other hand, is sufficiently large so that the insulation felt even after a few months of storage, its nominal thickness and thus its raw material thickness essentially reached again after removal of the covering.

Insulation felts according to DIN 18165, Part 1 "Classification as application type WL - thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, eg for insulation between rafters and beam layers", however, have quite large permissible tolerances. The permissible limit deviation of the measured mean value of a sample from the specified nominal thickness is + 15 mm and - 5%, in addition there are also permissible deviations of the measured individual value of the sample from the mean value of ± 10 mm. When testing the thickness in accordance with the standard, the test specimen is also swaged on the two opposite side surfaces in order to achieve rapid relaxation. Furthermore, the thickness is only measured under a load of 0.05 kN / m ² . A local falling below the nominal thickness due to the winding technology and within the wound insulation felt due to locally higher compression as well as creep and relaxation behavior that generally occurs during longer storage periods therefore have little technical effect and therefore do not constitute a serious sales obstacle.

The high compression of the insulation felt, on the other hand, represents a very important one Advantage in the storage of the insulation felts in the manufacturing plant, at the trading companies and on the construction site. At the same time, this means significant cost reductions when transporting the light but voluminous in and of itself Insulating felts made from mineral fibers.

For many applications, the use of insulation felts is not possible or only to a limited extent. The manufacturers of insulating materials made from mineral fibers therefore also offer the insulating felts insulating boards, which are characterized by more exact dimensions and which can generally place higher demands on the dimensional stability. The permissible tolerances for insulation boards made of mineral fibers of application type W according to DIN 18165-1 "Thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, e.g. for walls, ceilings and roofs" are significantly narrower than for application type WL and are only + 5mm or + 6 for the mean value of the sample % or - 1 mm; plus single value deviations of ± 5mm. Furthermore, the load in the thickness measurements is 0.1 kN / m ² and there is no upsetting of the plate to be tested for relaxation.

Insulation boards are grouped together in a large number, whereby the stack of insulation boards are provided with a covering and one Packaging and / or transport unit forms. The insulation boards in the packaging and / or transport unit are also subject to compression, which is primarily caused by the wrapping. The compression of the insulation boards is lower compared to insulation felts and usually reaches one Degree of compression of approx. 20 - 50% of the original material thickness. Insulation boards are made with a slight excess thickness to ensure that the subsequent compression and the storage time creep and relaxation effects to compensate. The degree decreases with increasing bulk density the possible non-destructive compression.

Leave insulation materials made of stone fibers, especially insulation panels made of stone fibers compress less easily than fiberglass insulation materials because they have clearly different structures, which are essentially in the in swirled shape of the short stone fibers show, the stone fibers already flaking on the way from the defibration machine to the conveyor belt aggregate. Because of this behavior, despite being opposite Insulation materials made of glass fibers are about 30 - 50% lower in relative amounts of binder high compression and transverse tensile values achieved.

Because the very powerful defibration units for defibration a The melt made of silicate rock has a high material throughput it is necessary that with binders and regularly with impregnating agents added mineral fibers very quickly in the form of a for quick cooling To remove fiber web. This is done in the form of the thinnest possible so-called primary fleece, which as possible via a pendulum device flat storage transversely on a second slower moving transport device is filed.

By swinging the thin primary fleece inhomogeneities within of the primary fleece and thus in the endless fiber web constructed from it balanced. The insulation materials made from it, for example, have the Width of the production line and the height of the fiber web very narrow fluctuations in raw density on.

The arrangement of the individual mineral fibers within the fiber web is clear differently. With the insulation materials in question with rel. less Bulk density is the mineral fibers in the production direction at flat angles, occasionally arranged at semi-steep angles to the large surfaces. On In contrast, a cut across the direction of production shows one supposedly horizontal storage. Furthermore, the connection between the original ones Layers of the primary fleece are generally weaker than between the individual mineral fibers within the same location. The reasons for this are the reduction in Adhesiveness of the binder in the surfaces of the primary nonwoven Drying, loss of binder to the transport equipment and also lying on weakly bound or almost binder-free flat mineral fiber agglomerations determine.

Further inhomogeneities in the endless fibrous web result from different binder distributions within the layers of the primary nonwoven, so that here clod-like areas with higher rigidity are present alongside those with low rigidity.
In the case of low-density insulation materials in particular, the interfaces of the original layers of the primary fleece are noticeable on the two large surfaces by furrows, discolorations, enrichments of binder-free mineral fibers, etc. When the two large surfaces are subjected to pressure from local pressure or when bending insulation boards made from them, these preferably tear open along the interfaces between the primary nonwoven layers. The tensile and flexural tensile strength of these stone wool insulation boards is therefore significantly lower in the direction of production than at right angles to them.

The stresses acting on the insulating material continue to cause deformations in relatively narrow areas between the stiffer clods within the insulating material and are broken down by fractures or cracks between these areas.
When an insulation felt made of stone fibers is rolled up, the insulation felt tears open or completely. Similar effects occur in particular with insulation boards with a large material thickness and / or bulk density if individual surface areas are compressed there.

Instead of this common pick-up technique using a pendulum, the Manufacture of insulating materials from stone fibers also the so-called direct collection the endless fiber web to the thickness required for the end product practiced. Here is the pronounced anisotropy of the properties described above the insulating materials made of stone fibers could not be observed. On the other hand, points This technology has such serious disadvantages that it can only be used in small systems and in areas with low uniformity requirements Products are operated.

By improving the defibering and collecting technology, the bulk density of insulation felt made of stone fibers can be reduced to approx. 22 - 25 kg / m ³ , whereby it should be noted that the net fiber mass in these insulation materials is only approx. 70%, the remaining shares are the finest unbound non-fibrous components, which do not affect the mechanical properties. Insulation materials made of stone fibers in the bulk density range of approx. 22 - approx. 50 kg / m ³ achieve thermal conductivity values of λ _R = 0.040 W / mK and can be classified in the thermal conductivity group 040 according to DIN 4108. From bulk densities of approx. 45 kg / m ³ , but mostly only from approx. 50 kg / m ³ , the lower and also economically more interesting thermal conductivity group 035 can be reached. The boundaries are fluid and are constantly being pushed by technical developments.

It is known to use fiber webs made of stone fibers with about 1 - 2% by mass of binder with the help of a roller and then compress the fiber web with a degree of compression of max. roll up approx. 70% of the starting material thickness. However, the fiber webs are regularly damaged, causing cracks occur or the nominal thickness is no longer reached.

By reducing the average fiber diameter and with the help of improved Collection techniques for the formation of the primary fleece have been successful for a short time Time, also insulation felts made of stone fibers, especially of the application type WL and the thermal conductivity group 040 despite having increased to approx. 2.5 - 3.5 mass% Binder content with a degree of compression of approx. 60 - 70% of the starting material thickness wind. Insulation felts of thermal conductivity group 035 can without damage but only with a degree of compression of approx. 40 - 45% of the starting material thickness can be wound up. Having unrolled sections separated from this fibrous web mostly still the desired one Stiffness so that it can be used without any support between rafters or ceiling beams can be pinched. If no internal stiffness is required the compression can naturally be increased as much as another internal connection is guaranteed.

Rolling up the insulation felts is only possible if the structure is changed by rolling over once in the area of influence of a roller by loosening the bond, partially destroying the bandage or the mineral fibers. The driven roller acts from above on the insulation felt conveyed on a belt. Since the insulation felts generally have a greater length than the usable width of the manufacturing systems, the conveying and rolling devices are identical. However, the action of the roller, which is often underdimensioned due to space constraints or ignorance of the interrelationships, usually leads to the surface of the insulating material expanding again after passing through the roller, of course preferably tearing open at the weak zones present.
Another clear, but actually not material-appropriate and also difficult to control elastification takes place through the compressing rolling up of the insulation felts. However, due to the shape of the roll being formed, the process does not run smoothly, so that the inner layers of the roll are deformed much more than the outer layers. The damage to the insulation felts triggered in the process leads to defects in processing.

A material-appropriate elasticization of fiber webs is described in DE 199 04 167 C1. A device used for this consists of a Belt system, the repeated increasing compression and controlled decompression the fibrous web or the insulating felt. The insulation felt or Before it is rolled up, the fibrous web becomes even over the entire cross-section elasticized, so that no damage both when rolling up and unrolling occur.

Insulation boards made of stone fibers come with the usual dimensions of 1 or 1.2 m length x 0.6 or 0.625 m width in thicknesses of approx. 20 - approx. 240 mm. These insulation boards are combined into packaging units, which for handling reasons have a weight of max. 20 kg and at heights from approx. 40 to approx. 60 cm and with their large surfaces contiguous, one in relation to the large surfaces with vertical and / or horizontal orientation Insulation boards are first covered lengthways with a covering, for example in the form of a tensile film made of plastics, paper; composite films made of paper and plastics, metal, paper and / or plastics; Fleece from Natural or synthetic fibers or similar suitable materials encased. Become very common Films made of polyethylene, especially used in the form of shrink films.

The stack is now compressed so far that, taking into account the expansion or the play of the casing, the packaging unit ultimately has the desired degree of compression in height. The deformations of the insulation panels that occur in the process decrease very greatly from the outside inwards.
In order to minimize the use of packaging materials, the ends of the wrapping are now connected to one another in a force-locking manner, and welded to one another in the case of thermoplastic films. The wrapping must now be placed around the compressed stack of insulation boards in a form-fitting manner in order to avoid a strong increase in the pre-compression and thus irreversible damage to the structure of the insulation boards. At the same time, the covering on the end faces must protrude, better still be led around the edges in order to protect the edges of the insulation boards.

To ensure the desired degree of compression of the packaging unit, especially since foils stretch under tension, the wrapping can be complete or at a suitable one Zones are shrunk using thermal energy.

Here, the plates arranged outside in the stack are significantly compressed and deformed. Because the insulation panels arranged in the middle of the stack little or only deformed in the elastic range when compressing the stack under certain circumstances, these insulation boards, especially when a long storage period between the two outside insulation boards yourself and the wrapper. The result is irreversible changes in shape and regularly falling below the nominal thickness for all insulation boards of the stack, but especially the two outer plates. As a remedy can the insulation boards as well as the insulation felts with excessive thicknesses from the start getting produced. However, this reduces the economic efficiency of the manufacturing process without eliminating the disadvantages.

Based on this prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a packaging and / or transport unit, such a packaging and / or transport unit and an insulation board, in which or in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided and in particular a packaging and / or transport unit which is easy to handle and provided with sufficient stability is formed.

The solution to this problem provides in a method according to the invention that the individual insulation boards of a stack are compressed before being arranged in the stack and then decompressed in a guided manner, so that the tension built up by the wrapping in the stack is substantially uniform on all the insulation boards arranged and elasticized in the stack is distributed. With regard to the packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention, to solve the problem, it is provided that the insulation boards are elasticized by at least one compression acting on their large surfaces, so that a tension built up by the wrapping in the stack on all of the insulation boards arranged and elasticized in the stack acts substantially evenly. Finally, to solve the problem with an insulation board according to the invention, it is provided that the parallelepiped, particularly in the area of its large area, in particular in the area of its large surface, is compressed and preferably additionally decompressed in such a way that there is an elasticity which, when a plurality of parallelepipeds are arranged, in one surrounded by an envelope Stack enables a uniform stress distribution of the compressive stress in the stack applied to the individual parallelepipeds.

Preferred development of the method according to the invention, the Packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention and the Insulation board according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims and are described below.

The method according to the invention allows insulation boards, in particular from Stone fibers, without irreversible deformation in the packaging and / or transport unit compress evenly. For this, the insulation boards in their structure is one, but preferably repeated several times, for each further one Step possibly increasing compressions with each subsequently performed Decompression exposed over the entire volume of the insulation board and loosened evenly so that no serious internal breaks or Cracks occur in the insulation board, but essentially those for deformation required forces drop significantly over the height.

Through an additional longitudinal compression of the insulation board in the area of the decompression zone the elasticization can be supported effectively.

To provide additional elasticity by shearing the insulation boards, in particular in the more flexible production direction, the conveying speed between an upper and a lower band or corresponding Rollers to act on the large surfaces differ his. The resulting shift between the top and bottom large surface of an insulation board should be 1 m long Insulation board limited to approx. 5 - 50 mm depending on the thickness of the insulation board become.

The method according to the invention can be carried out with devices which are equipped with rollers. Due to the possibility of additional height The insulation boards can be used with individually adjustable rollers their linear zones of weakness transverse to the roller axes, i.e. mostly in the longitudinal direction of the plate oriented and promoted by the facility at the same time Insulation boards of different material thicknesses and / or raw densities processed different degrees of elasticity are achieved. In this Direction of conveyance, the insulation boards have significantly higher tensile strengths Surface zones and corresponding tensile and bending tensile strengths. On the on the other hand is the resistance to longitudinal compression in this direction of conveyance significantly higher, so that the degree of compression here is narrowly limited or careful must be graded to avoid destruction.

The individual positioning of the rollers rel. to the central axis enables a additional careful loosening of the surface areas.

The throughput of the device provided for the method according to the invention for the elasticization of the insulation panels corresponds to the production output the manufacturing plant for insulation boards intended for the production, so that the additional elasticization of the insulation boards does not increase significantly which results in manufacturing costs.

For a particularly gentle elasticization, especially on the upper one Limit of the possible density range of insulation boards discontinuous device is suitable, in which two or more Insulation panels moved onto a lifting table and between two pressure stamps subjected to one or more compression and decompression cycles become. This device can for example with a frequency up to several Heart operated, so that is particularly suitable in regular Change to produce insulation boards with different degrees of elasticity.

Mechanical elasticization cannot naturally have a selective effect on the differently stiff volume units within the insulating board to be elasticized. In order to avoid unintentional destruction of the structure, the action is gradually increased if possible and repeated relatively often.
A supplementary hydrothermal pretreatment has therefore proven to be particularly advantageous for insulation boards with medium to high bulk density. In principle, heated water, in particular in the form of water vapor, acts on the thermosetting binder and thus reduces the rigidity, in particular of the clod-like volume units rich in binder. This results in a more even and faster reaction of the structure to mechanical action.

Water vapor can, for example, be directly behind a hardening furnace warm insulation boards are pressed or vacuumed. Subsequently these plates are mechanically elasticized.

Treatment of the insulation boards in an autoclave is much more effective. An approximately fifteen-minute treatment of the insulation boards is sufficient here at 1 bar overpressure, corresponding to 121 ° C, to achieve the intended effect achieve. The reaction times and conditions are not fixed, but can are naturally changed.

In order to keep the energy expenditure for this treatment in the autoclave as low as possible hold, the insulation boards behind the hardening furnace are again not cooled, but stacked warm on pallets, for example. The autoclaves will Usually operated in pairs to use each other's waste heat.

Due to the hydrothermal treatment, the insulation boards are initially damp, However, after a short period of storage they dry themselves or are sucked through with the help Air dried.

The elasticized insulation boards are stacked on top of each other according to the size of the desired packaging units. Although the forces required for the compression have now been significantly reduced, the insulation materials do not behave like a continuum, ie the compression is different over the thickness of each individual insulation panel and thus to an increased extent over the height of the stack. This effect is countered by combining differently elasticized insulation panels in one stack.
Conveniently, the insulation panels lying inside the stack are more elasticized than the insulation panels arranged further out, in particular than the two insulation panels arranged on the edge in the stack. This initially reduces the deformation forces required when compressing the packaging and / or transport unit and subsequently also the internal stresses in the packaging and / or transport unit. The pressure on the outer insulation boards is reduced and thus the degree of deformation of these insulation boards.

In difficult cases the total benefit of the compressed packaging and / or To receive transport units, in particular the change of logistics systems to avoid, the external insulation boards with a higher bulk density.

The stack is then covered with foils made of plastics such as polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA, paper, paper composite films with Metal or plastics, non-diffusion nonwovens made of thermoplastic mineral fibers jacketed. The thickness of the thermoplastic films is approx. 70 - 120 µm. The wrapping usually takes place around the longitudinal axis of the stack. she should extend well beyond the edges of the stack to allow individual free expansion Avoid area, especially the ends of the insulation boards. The Stackability and the visual appearance of the packaging and / or Transport unit are significantly improved if the wrapping around the front Ends of the insulation boards is led around.

The stack can have one or each one arranged on the outside, in itself stiff top layer made of cardboard or molded plastic parts, for example that lead around the longitudinal edges. These cover layers can be arranged lengthways Corner protection angles can be reduced. The corner protection brackets are put on, glued on or put on.

The stack is now compressed together with the wrapping that is still open. Subsequently the ends of the sheathing are non-positively with each other connected. To compensate for the game of wrapping, the stack can be over the desired size can be compressed.

If the insulation boards only have low restoring forces due to their elasticization can develop the ends of shrink film sheets together be welded. The casing can then be replaced by a thermal treatment are shrunk, in particular the in In the longitudinal direction of the stack protruding ends of the wrapper treated become.

In the case of less elasticized insulation boards, they are welded in the microstructural area along the damaged welded foils tear open easily. Suitable foils with sufficient overlap must be used here be glued. Alternatively, the more or less compressed stacks are in Tubular films inserted, which naturally do not have welded or glued seams exhibit.

Thermoplastic films expand over time under tension. To the To ensure compression wheel of the packaging and / or transport unit and to be able to use thin foils at the same time, the wrappings of the better recycling because of wrapping, shrink wrapping or more resistant tapes glued or covered with tear-resistant adhesive tapes.

During transport and storage, the packaging and / or Transport units placed upright, if possible, for additional Loads e.g. to avoid in large containers. Since the sides of the Insulation panels are not elasticized, this results in a stable position individual packaging and / or transport unit.

To manually and easily the packaging and / or transport units the approx. 6 - approx. 20 kg, preferably approx. 8 - 13 kg heavy packaging and / or transport units handles. This avoids that the packaging and / or transport units are handled improperly damaged in the partially open end faces, so that when trading lying packaging and / or transport units an unsightly sight offer, which is a barrier to sales even if the technical characteristics the insulation boards are not affected.

As an inexpensive solution, the insulation panels or of the stack at least one tear-resistant broad band shrunk onto the wrapping or glued on. Adhesive tapes are also suitable for this. With help this is arranged, for example, in the region of the partially open end faces The packaging and / or transport unit can hold belts in the area of the end faces be gripped without the risk of damaging the wrapping in this area exists.

The handles or carrying aids prevent the packaging and / or Transport unit, especially ground on construction sites are damaged, causing damage to the high-tension envelopes and in the event of external damage, e.g. even when touched of scaffolding parts and the stack falls apart. remedy creates the attachment of the carrying aids to the by the compression in favorably reduced narrow sides of the packaging and / or transport unit.

These carrying aids are advantageously produced by lengthening the wrapping packaging materials. In the case of a possible simple design, it is provided that the ends of the covering are extended to approximately 5 to approximately 20 cm. The strips or tabs formed in this way are reinforced by several welded or glued seams. Finger holes for pulling the packaging and / or transport unit down from a stack and a slot for engaging by hand are cut into the tabs by punching or by means of laser light.
Each flap can be strengthened by cardboard strips loosely inserted, but also in full or in part on or glued in, or thicker foils, preferably in the area of the central engagement hole or slot. Likewise, one or both cover layers can be extended around one of the two side surfaces up to these tabs.

The carrying aids can be on both ends of the packaging and / or Transport units are attached.

Especially with relatively large-volume, especially thick packaging and / or Transport units are easier to carry if the tab is off-center, for example near one of the large surfaces of the packaging and / or transport unit is arranged. When carrying with carrying aids these can also be staggered on both ends become.

Fig. 1

eine Dämmstoffplatte in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig. 2

eine erste Ausführungsform einer Elastifizierungseinrichtung für eine Dämmstoffplatte gemäß Figur 1 in Seitenansicht;

Fig. 3

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Elastifizierung einer Dämmstoffplatte gemäß Figur 1;

Fig. 4

ein Diagramm mit Kompressions- und Dekompressionszyklen zur Elastifizierung einer Dämmstoffplatte gemäß Figur 1;

Fig. 5

eine Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit für Dämmstoffplatten gemäß Figur 1 in einer Ansicht;

Fig. 6

die Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß Figur 5 in geschnitten dargestellter Seitenansicht;

Fig. 7

die Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß den Figuren 5 und 6 in einer ersten Position während ihrer Herstellung;

Fig. 8

die Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß Fig. 7 in einer zweiten Position während ihrer Herstellung;

Fig. 9

die Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß den Figuren 7 und 8 in einer dritten Position während ihrer Herstellung;

Fig. 10

eine alternative Ausführungsform einer Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß den Figuren 5 bis 9 in perspektivischer Ansicht und

Fig. 11

eine weitere alternative Ausführungsform einer Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit gemäß den Figuren 5 bis 9 in perspektivischer Ansicht.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the associated drawing, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

an insulation board in perspective view;

Fig. 2

a first embodiment of an elasticization device for an insulation board according to Figure 1 in side view;

Fig. 3

a second embodiment of a device for elasticizing an insulation board according to Figure 1;

Fig. 4

a diagram with compression and decompression cycles for the elasticization of an insulation board according to Figure 1;

Fig. 5

a packaging and / or transport unit for insulation panels according to Figure 1 in a view;

Fig. 6

the packaging and / or transport unit according to Figure 5 in a sectional side view;

Fig. 7

the packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 5 and 6 in a first position during their manufacture;

Fig. 8

the packaging and / or transport unit of Figure 7 in a second position during its manufacture.

Fig. 9

the packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 7 and 8 in a third position during their manufacture;

Fig. 10

an alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 5 to 9 in a perspective view and

Fig. 11

a further alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 5 to 9 in a perspective view.

An insulation board 1 shown in Figure 1 is designed as a parallelepiped and has two aligned and spaced apart large surfaces 2 that are perpendicular to the large surfaces 2 arranged long sides 3 and at right angles to the large surfaces 2 and to the long sides 3 arranged narrow sides 4 connected to each other are. The narrow sides 4 determine the width of the insulation board 1 and run during the production process of such insulation boards 1 perpendicular to the conveying direction of the insulation boards 1, while the long sides 3 determine the length of the insulation board 1 and parallel to the conveying direction are aligned during the production process.

The insulation board 1 consists of mineral fibers in a known per se Process obtained from a silicate melt in a defibration unit and then with the addition of binders and impregnating agents placed on a conveyor. On this conveyor the mineral fibers form a primary fleece, which is used in further processing stations is suspended to a secondary fleece. From this secondary fleece that compressed in further processing stages and trimmed at the longitudinal edges can be produced, the insulation panels 1.

The arrangement of the individual fibers is clearly different within the secondary fleece. The single fibers of the secondary nonwovens in question are essentially with relatively low bulk density in the production direction in flat Angles, occasionally semi-steep angles to the large surfaces 2 arranged. An arrangement of the individual fibers in FIG horizontal storage.

In FIG. 1, interfaces 5 of the layers of the original primary fleece can be seen. The insulation board 1 shown in Figure 1 is from below be elasticized for explanatory reasons. For this purpose, one in FIG Device 6 shown for the elasticization of the insulation board 1 is provided.

The device 6, through which an insulation board 1 is conveyed in the direction of arrow 7 points to the upper large surface 2 of the insulation board 1 acting roller set 8 with a plurality of rollers 9 and one on the lower one large surface 2 of the insulation board 1 acting roller set 10 with a Variety of roles 11 on. Each set of rollers 8, 10 is in a compression zone and split a decompression zone. The compression zone stands out through two sections 12 and 13, in section 12 the distance between the rollers 9, 11 of the roller sets 8, 10 decreases in the direction of the arrow and in section 13 the distance of these rollers 9, 11 is kept at a size that with the distance between the last two rollers 9, 11 of the section 12 substantially matches.

The insulation board 1 is thus from its original material thickness in the first Section 12 compressed to a reduced thickness. In the second section 13 the compression of the insulation board 1 is maintained. To the second section 13 of the compression zone then closes the decompression zone with a section 14 in which the compressed insulation board 1 controlled and guided to their original material thickness is relaxed. By one versus the speed of rotation of the rollers 9 and 11 in the roller sets 8 and 10 of sections 12 and 13 reduced speed of rotation of rollers 9 and 11 in section 14 is also a longitudinal compression of the insulation board 1 performed. Through the device 6 described above, the Insulation board 1 elasticized.

The rollers 9 and 11 are height adjustable in storage racks, not shown arranged so that insulation boards 1 of different material thickness can be processed or insulation boards 1 of the same material thickness different due to different compression and decompression can be elasticized. The elasticization of the insulation panels 1 lies in it justifies that the linear zones of weakness of the insulation panels 1 across the Axes of the rollers 9 and 11 are aligned and thus mostly in the longitudinal direction the insulation boards 1 run. The insulation boards point in this direction 1 a significantly higher tensile strength in the areas of large surfaces 2 and corresponding tensile and bending tensile strengths in their structure. on the other hand is the resistance of the insulation panels 1 to longitudinal compression significantly higher in this direction, so that the degree of longitudinal compression is narrowly limited and must be graded carefully to avoid destruction. Due to the individual arrangement of the rollers 9 and 1 relative to the central axis of the Insulation board 1 can also loosen up the large surfaces 2 are carried out.

The device 6 described above enables continuous elasticization of insulation boards 1, so that such a device 6 lossless can be integrated into existing production facilities.

An alternative embodiment of a device 6 for the elasticization of insulation boards 1 is shown in FIG. 3.

This device 6 is used for a particularly gentle elasticization of in particular at the upper limit of the bulk density range in question Insulation panels 1. It is a discontinuous one Device 6, in which at least one, but advantageously two or more Insulation panels 1 are arranged side by side on a lifting table 15 and then with a support 16 opposite the lifting table 15 subjected to one or more compression and guided decompression cycles will or will. For this purpose, the lifting table 15 is in the area a conveyor belt 17 is arranged via a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 18 arranged vertically movable relative to the conveyor belt 17. In the same way is the support 16 via a further hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 19 in their distance from the lifting table 15 can be changed, so that on the one hand it is ensured that the desired number of insulation boards 1 between the lifting table 15 and Edition 16 can be arranged and on the other hand via a pulsating movement the pneumatic cylinder 18 and 19 the necessary compression and decompression is transferable to the insulation panels 1. The movement of the edition 16 and the lifting table 15 can, for example, with a frequency of up to several Hertz.

The device 6 according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for the insulation boards 1 alternating with different degrees of elasticity train.

Figure 4 shows an example of compression and decompression cycles, as shown in be advantageously exercised on insulation boards 1. To do this, see below Area of the diagram with the arrow K the compression cycles and in the upper one Area of the diagram with the letter D the decompression cycles shown.

The purpose of the elasticization of the insulation boards described above 1 is that the insulation boards 1 in a packaging and / or Transport unit can be arranged, which consists of a number of insulation boards 1 there are arranged in a stack 20; the insulation boards 1 with their large surfaces 2 arranged horizontally or vertically in the stack 20 could be. There is also the option of a combination of the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the insulation boards 1 to be provided in the stack 20.

This stack 20 is surrounded by an envelope 21, which consists of a Shrink wrap exists. The envelope 22 is designed such that it is the shrinking process completely surrounds the insulation boards 1 in the stack 20 and pressurized at the same time. Are the insulation boards 1 accordingly the above description elasticized, so the insulation boards 1 evenly compressed in the packaging and / or transport unit, so that damage and plastic deformation, especially on the outside Insulation panels 1 due to excessive compression and intransigence the inner insulation panels 1 can be avoided.

Corresponding packaging and / or transport units are shown in FIGS. 5 shown to 10. Figures 5 and 6 show a packaging and / or Transport unit with a stack 20 of vertical with their large surfaces 2 aligned insulation boards 1. The covering 21 lies on both large Surfaces 2 of the outer insulation panels 1 over the entire surface and extends also over the entirety of the long sides 3 of the ones arranged in the stack 20 Insulation boards 1. In the central area of the stack 20, two are the wrapping 21 forming film sections 22 and 23 welded together, so that on the one hand a shorter connecting strap 24 and on the other hand a longer connecting strap 25 trains.

The connecting tab 25 has a first immediately above the stack 20 Weld 26 and at its free end a second weld 27, wherein in the welds 26, 27 reinforcing elements, for example plastic or Cardboard strips can be inserted.

Between the weld seams 26 and 27 there is an incision 28 in the middle on the one hand Cut handle opening. There are circular holes on both sides of the incision 28 29 arranged, which serve, for example, the packaging and / or To be able to hang the transport unit on the scaffold side. Furthermore, these are Holes 29 are provided to give the operator a possibility to specifically grasp the packaging and / or transport unit and, for example from a stack of several packaging and / or transport units pull down.

Additional reinforcing elements can be provided in the area of the cut 28 or the holes 29 be inserted between the two film sections 22 and 23.

FIGS. 7 to 9 show the manufacture of a packaging and / or transport unit represented schematically in three steps.

Figure 7 shows the stack 20 consisting of four insulation panels 1, with their large surfaces 2 are arranged adjacent to each other. The stack 20 lies on a section 23 of the casing 1 and is on the upper side with a section 22 the covering 21 covered.

In the subsequent packaging step, the stack 20 together with the wrapper 21 by pressure on the large surfaces 2 of the external insulation boards 1 compressed until the sections 22 and 23 of the envelope 21 according to Figure 9 in the area of their overlap in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1 Ends are welded together to form the connecting straps 24 and 25 can. This process can be accompanied by a shrinking process of the casing 21. It is important that the previous elasticization of the Insulation panels 1 in the compression of the stack 20 not only the external ones Insulation panels 1, but also the interior insulation panels 1 of the stack 20 are compressed so that not only the outer insulation panels 1 may experience elastic deformation. Rather is provided that all insulation boards 1 are elastically deformed, so that after opening the casing 21 on the construction site, it retains its original material thickness take again.

Figures 10 and 11 show further embodiments of a packaging and / or Transport unit, which in turn is a stack 20 of several insulation boards 1 and an envelope 21, consisting of a thermoplastic film. The insulation boards 1 are in accordance with the description above according to the arrangement in FIGS. 7 to 9 with its large surfaces 2 aligned with each other and surrounded with the envelope 21. additional according to the embodiments of the packaging and / or transport units FIGS. 5 to 9, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 has a supplementary, tear-resistant tape 30 running in the longitudinal direction of the insulation boards 1, for example made of plastic, which the stack 20 and the wrapper 21st completely surrounds. The tape 30 can be shrunk with the covering 21 or be glued. The task of the tape 30 is to cover any expansion of the casing 21 to compensate for the tensile stress. Through the tape 30 the stability of the packaging and / or transport unit is significantly improved, so that, for example, thinner foils are also used as wrapping 21 can be.

Figure 11 shows a packaging and / or transport unit according to Figure 10, at but the stack 20 and the wrapping 21 are surrounded by two bands, which run transversely to the longitudinal extent of the insulation panels 1.

Claims (40)

1. Method of producing a packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibres, particularly of rock and/or glass fibres, wherein plural insulating panels are arranged so as to be adjacent on one another by the large surfaces thereof and are combined into a stack, with the surfaces of said insulating panels being aligned horizontally and/or vertically in said stack, and wherein the insulating panels of said stack are surrounded by an envelope and are combined under a compressed state,
   characterized in that the individual insulating panels of a stack are compressed prior to being arranged in said stack and are subsequently decompressed in a guided manner, so that the stress produced by the envelope in said stack is substantially uniformly distributed to all of the insulating panels which are arranged in said stack and which are rendered elastically.
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said insulating panels are compressed and decompressed in plural steps.
3. Method according to claim 2,
   characterized in that a decompression step is effected between two compression steps, respectively.
4. Method according to claim 2,
   characterized in that said compression steps are performed at an increasing degree of compression.
5. Method according to claim 3,
   characterized in that preferably during said decompression step the insulating panel is subject to an upsetting operation at least in the longitudinal direction.
6. Method according to claim 2,
   characterized in that the insulating panel is subject to a shearing stress, preferably in its longitudinal extension, said shearing stress being effected along a neutral zone in parallel with the large surfaces.
7. Method according to claim 6
   characterized in that the displacement of the mineral fibres within the insulating panel which is caused by said shearing stress is limited to 5 to 50 mm with respect to a length of one metre in dependence of the thickness of the insulating panel.
8. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the surfaces of the insulating panel are loosened up in addition to the compression treatment of the insulating panel.
9. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that in addition to a mechanical elasticification said insulating panel is subject to a hydrothermal pre-treatment, wherein a duroplastic binder contained in said insulating panel is acted upon particularly by vapour-state water.
10. Method according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said hydrothermal pre-treatment of the insulating panel takes place immediately after said insulating panel leaving a hardening furnace, with water vapour being pressed and/or sucked through the insulating panel which is still warm.
11. Method according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said hydrothermal pre-treatment takes place prior to said mechanical elastification.
12. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that prior to said mechanical elastification the insulating panel is fed to an autoclave in which said insulating panel is treated by an overpressure.
13. Method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that the insulating panel is fed to the autoclave immediately after leaving the hardening furnace.
14. Method according to claim 2,
    characterized in that the insulating panel, before being inserted in said stack, is dried by warm air.
15. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that insulating panels having a different degree of elastification are combined into said stack.
16. Method according to claim 15,
    characterized in that insulating panels lying on the outside of the stack are arranged with a lower degree of elastification and insulating panels lying on the inside of the stack are arranged with a higher degree of elastification.
17. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the insulating panels lying on the outside of the stack have a bulk density which is higher compared to the insulating panels lying on the inside of the stack.
18. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the stack of insulating panels is surrounded by an envelope made of a plastic film, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA and/or paper, paper composite films with plastic and/or metal, fibrous webs open to diffusion, particularly of thermoplastic mineral fibres.
19. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that above the uppermost insulating panel of said stack and/or below the lowermost insulating panel of said stack a protective element is arranged, for example in the form of a cover layer made of cardboard or plastic.
20. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the stack of insulating panels is compressed with the envelope in the opened state and thereafter the envelope is closed with said stack in the compressed state.
21. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the stack of insulating panels is compressed and is inserted in a tubular envelope in the compressed attitude.
22. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the insulating panels arranged within said envelope are wrapped with straps resistant to tearing.
23. Packaging and/or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibres, particularly of rock and/or glass fibres, which are combined into a stack and are surrounded by an envelope, with the large surfaces of said insulating panels being arranged to be adjacent on one another and aligned vertically and/or horizontally within said stack,
    characterized in that the insulating panels (1) are elastified by compression acting at least on the large surfaces (2) thereof, so that a stress which is built up in said stack (20) by said envelope (21) substantially uniformly acts upon all of the insulating panels (1) which are arranged in said stack and which are elastified.
24. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that said envelope (21) is comprised of a plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA and/or paper, paper composite films with plastic and/or metal, fibrous webs open to diffusion, particularly of thermoplastic mineral fibres.
25. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that the insulating panels (1) in said stack (20) have a different degree of compression and thus a different elastification and/or a different bulk density.
26. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that insulating panels (1) lying on the outside of said stack (20) have a lower elastification and insulating panels (1) lying on the inside of said stack (20) have a higher elastification.
27. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that insulating panels (1) lying on the outside of said stack (20) have a higher bulk density and insulating panels (1) lying on the inside of said stack (20) have a lower bulk density.
28. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that above the uppermost insulating panel (1) of said stack (20) and/or below the lowermost insulating panel (1) of said stack (20) is or are arranged a protective element or protective elements.
29. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said protective element is formed as a cover layer, of which the size substantially corresponds to the size of one of the large surfaces (2) of an insulating panel (1).
30. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said protective element is formed as an angle covering at least one edge of the insulating panel (1).
31. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said protective element is detachably connected and particularly glued to or slipped onto the insulating panel (1).
32. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said protective element is comprised of cardboard and/or plastic.
33. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that said envelope (21) is surrounded by at least one strap (30) resistant to tearing, which strap is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the stack (20).
34. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 33,
    characterized in that said strap (30) is formed of plastic and is shrink-fitted and/or glued to the envelope (21).
35. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 23,
    characterized in that said envelope (21) includes a joining piece with a handle.
36. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 35,
    characterized in that said joining piece is shrink-fitted and/or glued to said envelope (21).
37. Packaging and/or transport unit according to claim 35,
    characterized in that said joining piece is formed in a band-shape.
38. Insulating panel in the form of a parallelepiped made of mineral fibres, particularly rock and/or glass fibres for use in a packaging and/or transport unit according to any one of the claims 23 to 37 and/or for use in a method according to any one of the claims 1 to 22, said parallelepiped having two large surfaces which are arranged at a distance to one another and are aligned parallel to each other and having narrow sides which extend substantial at right angles to said large surfaces,
    characterized in that said parallelepiped is compressed particularly in the region of its large surfaces (2) and preferably additionally decompressed in such a manner that an elasticity exists which, when plural parallelepipeds are arranged in a stack (20) surrounded by an envelope (22), enables a uniform stress distribution of the pressure load applied by said envelope (21) to the individual parallelepipeds in the stack (20).
39. Insulating panel according to claim 38,
    characterized in that said large surfaces are mechanically loosened up.
40. Insulating panel according to claim 38,
    characterized in that said parallelepiped is comprised of an oscillated primary fibrous web made of mineral fibres.

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