DE10146765B4 - Production of packaging and-or transport unit for mineral fibre insulating boards involves compression, stacking and decompression in a controlled manner so as to distribute stress due to the outer wrapping - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of a packaging and/or transport unit for a stack of insulating board made of mineral fibres involves compressing each board before stacking and then decompressing in a controlled manner so that the stress generated in the stack by the wrapping is distributed essentially evenly over all the elastified boards in the stack. - A method for the production of a packaging and/or transport unit for insulating board made of mineral fibres, especially rock and/or glass fibres, in which several boards are stacked horizontally and/or vertically with their major surfaces together, then wrapped in a cover and compressed. In this method, the boards are compressed before stacking and then decompressed in a controlled manner so that the stress generated in the stack by the packaging cover is essentially evenly distributed over all the elastified boards in the stack. Independent claims are also included for - (a) a unit as described above, in which the insulating boards (1) are elastified by compressive action on their major surfaces, so that the stress generated in the stack (20) by the wrapping (21) is evenly distributed over all the elastified boards (1) in the stack; and - (b) insulating boards as above in the shape of a parallelipiped with two parallel major surfaces and two minor surfaces at right angles, the parallelipiped being compressed and preferably then decompressed (especially on the major surfaces) in such a way as to produce elasticity which evenly distributes compressive stress from the wrapping over all the boards in a wrapped stack.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular from stone or glass fibers, at the several insulation boards with their big ones surface arranged adjacent to each other and combined into a stack be, with the surfaces the insulation boards in the stack are aligned horizontally or vertically and the insulating panels of the pile with a serving be summarized and compressed summarized. Further concerns the invention is a packaging or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials of mineral fibers, in particular stone or glass fibers, which become one Stacks are summarized and surrounded by a wrapping, with the huge surfaces the insulation boards stacked in a stack in vertical or horizontal orientation are arranged. After all Object of the invention is an insulating plate in the form of a Parallelepipeds of mineral fibers, in particular of stone or Glass fibers for the use in a packaging or transport unit after a the claims 23 to 37 or for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the parallelepiped two spaced apart and parallel aligned large surfaces and for this purpose substantially having at right angles extending narrow sides.

insulation materials made of mineral wool consist of vitreous solidified mineral fibers, the with small amounts of a binder, usually a thermosetting curing Plastic are in principle connected pointwise with each other. The Mineral fibers are obtained from a melt which is in a defibration unit is frayed. In the production of such insulation materials are to minimize high levels of organic matter, if possible the classification into the building material class non-flammable according to DIN 4101 Part 1 to reach. On the other hand, an elastic springing behavior the individual mineral fibers are retained within the insulating material. The lower limit of binder levels is achieved by achieving the for the strength and properties required for use and handling such as compressive and tensile strength characterized. Around To make the pulp hydrophobic become impregnants in quantities of approx. 0.1 approx. 0.4 mass% added.

Become commercially usual insulation materials distinguished from glass and rock wool.

Glass wool fibers are made of silicate melts with a relatively high alkali content, optionally also prepared boron oxides in such a way that the Melt through the fine wall openings of a rotating body is passed through. This creates relatively long and smooth Mineral fibers, provided with binders and with impregnating agents on a air-permeable Conveyor belt fall. The specific performance of such The fiberizing aggregate is made up of several hundred kilograms of mineral fibers low per hour, so that several units together with the associated chutes in a row over a Production line to be arranged.

A From the fiberizing aggregates deducted endless fiber web is according to the desired Thickness and density transported more or less quickly. The curing of the structure of the insulating material fixing binder takes place in a hardening oven, in the hot air is passed through the fiber web. Subsequently, will the cured one Fiber web trimmed laterally and, for example, in the middle in two tracks separated, of which almost lossless insulation boards with a certain length, For example, the half line width and any widths separated can be.

In addition to insulation boards insulation mats are produced as another essential form of delivery, which can be rolled up in winding stations. Insulating felts have low densities of between about 8 to about 27 kg / m ³ and possibly low binder contents.

There the mineral fibers in the procedure described above due to their shape and the applied Aufsammeltechnik flat over each other lying, the compound of mineral fibers is parallel to the large surfaces of the Mineral fiber web in principle much stronger than at right angles to. insulation materials Consequently, with this structure have a very low transverse tensile strength and can only low shear forces transmit what For example, facilitates the rolling of such Dämmfilze. Quite essential is also that these insulating felts without any damage the structure with low forces can be compressed very high and naturally develop only low restoring forces.

Insulating felts made of glass fibers are compressed in the winding process by up to about 80% of their starting material strength, the restoring forces are so low that can be used for wrapping a wound insulating felt made of glass fibers polyethylene films with very low material thickness, for example, about 100-120 microns , Such films can withstand the dynamic forces occurring in the handling of the wrapped Dämmfilze. On the other hand, the restoring force of the compressed Dämmfilze is sufficiently large, so that the Dämmfilz reached its nominal thickness and thus its starting material strength substantially after removal of the sheath even after a few months storage time.

Insulating felts in accordance with DIN 18165, Part 1 "Classification as application type WL - thermal insulation materials, non-compressive, eg for insulation between rafters and beam layers", however, have quite large permissible tolerances The permissible limit deviation of the measured mean value of a random sample of the specified nominal thickness is +15 mm and -5%, plus permissible deviations of the measured value of the random sample from the mean value of ± 10 mm In the case of the standard thickness test, the test specimen is in each case swaged on the two opposite side surfaces in order to achieve rapid relaxation the thickness is measured only under a load of 0.05 kN / m ^2. A local undershooting of the nominal thickness due to the winding technique and within the wound insulation felt due to locally higher compression and generally occurring creep and relaxation behavior with longer storage time Therefore technically hardly and therefore do not form a serious barrier to sales.

The high compression of the insulation felt On the other hand, provides a very significant advantage in storage the insulating felts in the factory, at the trade companies and on the construction site At the same time, this means significant cost reductions during transport the on and for light but bulky Dämmfilze made of mineral fibers.

For many applications, the use of Dämmfilzen is not or only partially possible. The manufacturers of insulating materials made of mineral fibers therefore offer the Dämmfilzen also insulating panels, which are characterized by more precise dimensions and can be made of the generally higher demands on the dimensional stability. The permissible tolerances for insulation boards made of mineral fibers of application type W in accordance with DIN 18165-1 "Thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, eg for walls, ceilings and roofs" are significantly narrower than for application type WL and are only +5 mm or +6 for the mean value of the random sample % or -1 mm, plus individual value deviations of ± 5 mm Furthermore, the load on the thickness measurements is 0.1 kN / m ² and there is no upsetting of the plate to be tested for the purpose of relaxation.

insulation boards are increasing in number a stack, wherein the stack insulation boards provided with a sheath and forms a packaging or transport unit. The insulation boards in the packaging or transport unit are also subject to compression, primarily by the serving is caused. The compression of the insulation boards is in comparison to Dämmfilzen less and usually reaches a degree of compression of about 20-50% of original Material thickness. insulation boards be with a slight over-thickness produced by the subsequent compression and storage time compensate for creep and relaxation effects. With increasing density reduces the degree of potential destructive Compression.

insulation materials made of stone fibers, in particular insulating panels made of stone fibers are less easy to compress than insulating materials made of glass fibers, since they have distinctly different structures, which are essentially in the swirling form of the short Stone fibers show, with the stone fibers already on the way from aggregate the fiberization machine to the conveyor belt to flakes. Because of this behavior, despite the opposite insulation materials made of glass fibers about 30-50% lower binder amounts, relatively high pressure and transverse tensile values reached.

There the very powerful Defibering units for the fibrillation of a melt of silicate rock a high Material throughput, it is necessary that with binders and regularly too with impregnating agents Mineral fibers are rapidly transformed into molds for rapid cooling remove a fiber web. This happens in the form of a preferably thin so-called primary fleece, which over a pendulum device in as possible flat storage transverse to a second slower moving transport device is filed.

By the pendulum of the thin one primary fleece become inhomogeneities within the primary web and thus balanced in the endless fibrous web built therefrom. The insulating materials made from them For example, over the width of the production line and the height of the fiber web very close Density fluctuations on.

However, the arrangement of the individual mineral fibers within the fiber web is significantly different. With the insulation materials of relatively low bulk density in question here, the mineral fibers are arranged in the production direction at shallow angles, occasionally at half steep angles to the large surfaces. In contrast, a section across the production direction shows a supposedly horizontal bearing. Furthermore, the connection between the original layers of the primary web is generally weaker than between the individual mineral fibers within the same layer. When The reasons for this are the reduction in the adhesiveness of the binder in the surfaces of the primary nonwoven by drying, binder losses to the transport devices and also the rest of weakly bound or nearly binding agent-free planar mineral fiber agglomerations.

Further inhomogeneities in the endless fiber web arise through different binder distributions within the layers of the primary web, so that here regularly flounder-like Areas with higher Rigidity in addition to those with low stiffness.

Especially for low-density insulating materials the interfaces are distinguished the original one Layers of the primary fleece on the two big ones surfaces through furrows running transversely to the direction of production, discoloration, Enrichment of binder-free mineral fibers, etc. For loads the two big ones Surfaces through local pressure or bending of insulation boards produced therefrom tear this is preferred along the interfaces between the primary nonwoven layers on. The tensile and flexural strength of these rock wool insulation boards is therefore much lower in the production direction than in the right one Angle to it.

The on the insulating material lead to acting stresses continuing to deform in relatively narrow areas between the stiffer floes inside the insulation material and build by fractures or Cracks between these areas.

at a rolling up of an insulating felt made of stone fibers breaks the insulating felt on or completely through. Similar Effects occur especially in insulation boards with a high material thickness or Density on when there single surface areas are upset.

Instead of this common one Collection technique over a pendulum is also used in the manufacture of stone fiber insulation materials the so-called direct picking up of the endless fibrous web to that for the final product required thickness practiced. Here is the previously described pronounced Anisotropy of the properties of the insulating materials of stone fibers not to observe. On the other hand, this technique has such serious Disadvantages on them only in small plants and in areas operated with low requirements for the uniformity of the products become.

By improving the defibration and Aufsammeltechnik the gross density insulation felts of stone fibers can be reduced to about 22-25 kg / m ³ , which should be noted that the net fiber mass in these insulation materials is only about 70%, the remaining shares are the finest unbonded non-fibrous components, but which do not affect the mechanical properties. Insulating materials from stone fibers in the gross density range of approx. 22 approx. 50 kg / m ³ reach thermal conductivity values of λ _R = 0.040 W / mK and can be classified in the heat conductivity group 040 according to DIN 4108. From gross densities of about 45 kg / m ³ , but usually only from about 50 kg / m ³ , the lower and more economically interesting thermal conductivity group 035 can be achieved. The borders are fluid and are constantly being postponed by technical developments.

It is known, fibrous webs of stone fibers with about 1-2% by mass Binder content using a roller to compress and the Fiber web afterwards with a compression level of max. roll up about 70% of the raw material thickness. The fiber webs are damaged but regularly, so that cracks occur or the nominal thickness is no longer reached.

By a reduction of mean fiber diameter and with the help of improved Collection techniques in the formation of the primary non-woven succeed but since short time, also Dämmfilze of stone fibers, in particular of the application type WL and the thermal conductivity group 040 despite about 2.5-3.5 Mass% increased Binder content with a degree of compression of about 60-70% of Initial material thickness wind. Dämmfilze the thermal conductivity group 035 can without damage but only wound up with a degree of compression of about 40-45% of the starting material starch become. After unrolling have separated from this fibrous web Sections most still have the desired stiffness, so they without further support can be trapped between rafters or ceiling beams. If no internal rigidity is required, of course, the compression as far as an internal connection is guaranteed is.

The rolling up of Dämmfilze is only possible that the structure is changed by a single roll over in the sphere of influence of a roller by loosening the bond, partial destruction of the dressing or the mineral fibers. The driven roller acts from above on the conveyed on a band Dämmfilz. Since the Dämmfilze usually have a greater length than the usable width of the manufacturing facilities conveyor and retractor are identical. However, the action of the roller, which is often undersized for reasons of space or even ignorance of the relationships, usually results in the surface of the insulating material which is re-expanding after passing through the roller, of course preferably being present at the existing weak zones tears.

A more distinct, but not material-appropriate and also only difficult controllable elastification is done by the compressing Rolling up the insulating felts. However, it is running the process does not decrease evenly because of the shape of the forming roll, so that the inner layers of the roll deform much more be as the outer ones. The thereby triggered damage the insulating felts to lead to defects while processing.

A material-oriented elastification of fiber webs is in the DE 199 04 167 C1 described. A device used for this purpose consists of a belt system which performs repeated rising compressions and controlled decompressions of the fibrous web or the insulating felt. The Dämmfilz or the fiber web is thus elasticized evenly over the entire cross section before rolling, so that no damage occurs both in the up and unrolling.

insulation boards made of stone fibers are made with usual Dimensions of 1 or 1.2 m length × 0.6 Or 0.625 m width in thicknesses of approx. 20 approx. 240 mm produced. These insulation boards are grouped into packaging units that are used for handling purposes in the Weight on max. 20 kg and at heights be limited from about 40 to about 60 cm The combined into a stack and with their big ones surfaces contiguous, one in relation to the large surfaces vertical or horizontal Aligned insulation panels be first longitudinal with a cladding, for example in the form of a tensile film made of plastics, paper, Composite films of paper and plastics, metal, paper or plastics; Nonwovens made of natural or synthetic fibers o.a. suitable materials jacketed. Very often are foils of polyethylene, used in particular in the form of shrink films.

Of the Stack is now compressed so far that under consideration the stretching or the play of the sheath ultimately the packaging unit desired Has a degree of compression in height. The occurring deformations of the insulation boards take on from the outside inside very strong.

Around to minimize the use of packaging materials, are only now the ends of the serving force fit interconnected, in thermoplastisehen films together welded. The wrapping must now possible positively the compressed stack of insulation boards be placed to a strong elevation of the Pramming and thus irreversible damage to the structure insulation panels to avoid. At the same time, the wrapping must survive at the ends, better still be led around the edges to the edges of the insulation boards to protect.

Around the wished To secure the degree of compression of the packaging unit, especially since itself Stretching films under tension, the wrapping can be complete or shrunk at suitable zones by means of heat energy become.

in this connection be in the stack outside arranged plates significantly compressed and deformed. Since the im central area of the stack arranged insulating panels during compression of the stack are deformed barely or only in the elastic region, squeeze these insulation boards in certain circumstances, especially when a long storage time, the two arranged outside insulation boards between yourself and the serving one. The consequences are irreversible changes in shape and regular underruns the nominal thickness of all insulation boards the stack, but in particular the two outer plates. As a remedy can the insulation boards as well as the insulating felts from the outset with oversize getting produced. However, this reduces the cost-effectiveness the manufacturing process without the disadvantages safely eliminate.

A generic method is the DE 40 05 541 A1 which compresses and packs sheets of mineral wool, especially rockwool, layering a number of sheets over or next to one another, subjecting the layer so formed to such a compression operation that the subsequent re-inflation of the sheets occurs after the compression has ceased is secured to the original dimensions, wherein the compressed layer is wrapped while maintaining the compression with a plastic film such that two juxtaposed faces remain free.

Furthermore, from the DE 198 25 366 A1 a packing unit of mineral wool plates with a sheath of a preferably shrinkable plastic film known, which of course also here a method for producing this packaging or transport unit must be provided. In this case, however, it is at most provided that a plurality of insulating panels with their large surfaces are arranged adjacent to one another and combined to form a stack, and the surfaces of the insulating panels in the stack are aligned horizontally or vertically. From a compression of the insulation boards but can be no question here, as they should be avoided just by appropriate stiffening elements.

outgoing From this prior art, the invention is based on the object a method for producing a packaging or transport unit, Such a packaging or transport unit and an insulation board indicate, in or at the above-mentioned disadvantages be avoided and in particular a manageable and with sufficient stability provided packaging or transport unit is formed.

The solution This task is seen in a method according to the invention before that the individual insulation boards a stack before the arrangement in the stack compressed and then guided decompressed so that's from the serving built-up voltage in the stack on all in the stack and elasticized insulation boards distributed substantially evenly becomes. With regard to the packaging or transport unit according to the invention is the solution the task provided that the insulation panels by at least one on their big ones Surface acting Compression are elasticized, so that one built up by the sheath Stress in the stack on all arranged in the stack and elasticized insulation boards essentially uniform. After all is the solution the task in an insulation board according to the invention provided that the parallelepiped in particular in the area of its large surface such compressed and preferably complementary decompressed is that there is an elasticity, which, when arranged several Parallelepipede in a stack one surrounded with a serving even stress distribution the one by the serving Applied compressive stress in the stack on the individual Parallelepipede allows.

preferred Development of the method according to the invention, the packaging of the invention or transport unit and the insulation material according to the invention are in the plate under claims and are described below.

The inventive method allows insulation boards, especially of stone fibers, without irreversible deformations in evenly compress the packing or transport unit. For this become the insulation boards in their structure one, but preferably repeated several times, at each subsequent step may involve increasing compressions with each subsequently guided Decompression over the entire volume of the insulation board exposed and evenly loosened, that no serious internal breaks or cracks in the insulation board occur, but essentially for deformation over the Height required forces significantly decline.

By an additional Longitudinal compression the insulation board In the area of the decompression zone, elastification can be effective get supported.

Around an additional Elastifizierung by shearing the insulation boards, in particular to effect in the collapsible manufacturing direction, the conveyor speed between an upper and a lower band or equivalent Rolls to act on the large surfaces be different. The resulting shift between the upper and the lower large surface of an insulation board should be in relation to 1 m in length the insulation board depending on the thickness of the insulation board to about 5-50 mm are limited.

The inventive method can be done with devices be equipped with rollers are. By the possibility additionally in height To use individually adjustable rollers, the insulating panels with their linear weak zones transverse to the roll axes, so mostly in the longitudinal direction of the plate oriented promoted by the plant and at the same time insulation boards different material thicknesses or bulk densities are processed or under different Elastifizierungsgrade be achieved. In this direction Show the insulation boards significantly higher Tensile strength of the surface zones and corresponding tensile and flexural tensile strengths. On the other Side is the resistance to the longitudinal compression in this conveying direction significantly higher, so here the degree of compression narrowed or carefully graded must be to destruction to avoid.

The individual positioning of the rollers rel. to the central axis allows additional careful Loosening the surface areas.

Of the Throughput of for the inventive method provided device for elastification of the insulation boards corresponds to the production output of the manufacturing plant intended for production for insulation boards, so the extra Elastifikation of the insulating panels no substantial increase the production costs result.

For a particularly gentle elastification of particular lying at the upper limit of the candidate gross density range insulation boards is discontinuous operating device, driven in the two or more insulating panels on a lifting table and zwi two compression punches are subjected to one or more compression and decompression cycles. This device can be operated, for example, with a frequency up to several hearts, so that in particular is suitable to produce in a regular change insulation boards of different Elastifizierungsgrade.

A Mechanical elastification naturally can not be selective on the different stiff volume units within the insulating board to be elasticized Act. To unintentional destruction To avoid the structure, the impact is as much as possible gradually strengthened and relatively common repeated.

In front especially with insulating panels with medium to higher Crude density therefore has a supplementary hydrothermal pretreatment proved to be advantageous. In principle, heated water acts, in particular in the form of water vapor on the thermosetting binder and thus reduces the rigidity, especially of the binder-rich floe-like Volume units. This will produce a smoother and faster response the structure reaches a mechanical action.

Steam can, for example, immediately behind a curing oven through the still warm insulation boards depressed or sucked. Subsequently These plates are mechanically elasticized.

Essential more effective is a treatment of the insulating panels in an autoclave. Here is enough a fifteen minute treatment the insulation boards at 1 bar overpressure, corresponding to 121 ° C, to achieve the intended effect. The reaction times and Conditions are not fixed, but can naturally be changed.

Around the energy expenditure for this treatment in the autoclave as possible to keep low, the insulation boards behind the hardening furnace again not cooled, but warm, for example, stacked on pallets. The autoclave become common operated in pairs, each to use the waste heat of the other.

By the hydrothermal treatment, the insulating panels are initially wet, however, dry off after a short storage time or become dried with air sucked through.

The elasticized insulation panels be according to the size of the intended Packaging units on top of each other stacked. Although now the for the compression forces required have been significantly reduced, behave the insulation materials yet not like a continuum, i. the compression is over the Thickness of each insulation board and thus in reinforced Measure about the height of the pile differently. This effect is countered by being different highly elasticised insulation boards be united in a pile.

conveniently, are the inside of the stack insulation boards stronger elasticized than the farther out arranged insulating panels, especially as the two in the stack edge arranged insulation boards. This verrin gemge first when compressing the packaging or transport unit required deformation forces and subsequently also the internal tensions in the packaging or transport unit. The pressure on the outer insulation panels is reduced and thus also the degree of deformation of these insulation boards.

Around in difficult cases the overall benefit of compressed packaging or transport units especially to avoid the change of logistics systems, can the outside insulation boards with a higher one Density be formed.

Of the Stack will follow with plastic films such as polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA, paper, paper composite films with metal or plastics, non-permeable nonwovens made of thermoplastic Mineral fibers encased. The thicknesses of the thermoplastic films amount about 70-120 μm. The serving takes place mostly around the longitudinal axis of the pile. You should clear over the edges of the stack reach out to a free expansion of individual area, in particular the ends of the insulation boards to avoid. The stackability and the visual appearance of the packaging and / or transport unit are significantly improved when the wrapping around the frontal Ends of the insulation boards guided around becomes.

Of the Stack can be arranged with one or each one outside, in rigid cover layer of, for example, cardboard or plastic moldings Be provided around the longitudinal edges to lead. These cover layers can on longitudinal arranged corner protection angle can be reduced. The corner protection angles are placed on, glued on or attached.

Of the Stack is now compressed together with the still open wrapper. Subsequently, the Ends of the jacketing serving force fit connected with each other. To compensate for the game of serving can the stack over the wished Measure beyond be compressed.

If the insulation boards As a result of their elasification, only low restoring forces can develop Ends of shrink film webs are welded together. The serving can subsequently shrunk by a thermal treatment, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the stack protruding Ends of the serving to be treated with.

at less elasticized insulation boards are through the welding In the microstructural area along the welds damaged films easily tear. Here have to suitable films are glued with sufficient overlap. Alternatively, the more or less compressed stacks in Hose films inserted, the nature of no welding or Have adhesive seams.

thermoplastic Slides expand under tension over time. To the compression wheel the packaging or transport unit to ensure and at the same time thin films to be able to use become the servings because of the better recycling because wrapped with tear-resistant bands, shrinks or glued or with tear-resistant tapes jacketed.

At the Transport and storage become the packing or transport units if possible upended to additional Loads, e.g. in large containers to avoid. Because the sides of the insulation boards are not elasticized result in a stable position of the individual packaging or transport unit.

Around the packaging and / or transport units in a simple manner manually move the approx. 6-ca. 20 kg, preferably about 8-13 kg heavy Packing or transport units handles on. This will avoided that the packaging and / or transport units at improper intervention in the partially open faces damaged so that the packaging or transport units an ugly one Sight, which is a sales barrier even if the technical characteristics of the insulation boards not impaired are.

When a cheap solution becomes longitudinal the insulation boards or the stack at least one tear-resistant wide band on the wrapping shrunk or glued on. Adhesive tapes are also suitable for this purpose. With the help of this, for example, in the field of partially open End faces arranged bands can the packing or transport unit in the area of the front pages be grasped without the risk of damaging the wrapping exists in this area.

By the handles or carrying aids prevent the packaging or transport unit, in particular on the construction sites via the Ground are ground, causing the highly energized wrappings to be damaged and with external damage, e.g. even at the touch of scaffolding parts fast and the pile falls apart. Remedy creates here attaching the carrying aids on by the compression in cheaper Way reduced narrow sides of the packaging or transport unit.

These Carrying aids are advantageously by an extension the enveloping one Packaging materials produced. In a possible simple execution is provided that the ends of the wrapper to about 5-ca. 20 cm extended become. The strips or tabs formed thereby are through several welding or adhesive seams strengthened. In the tabs are finger holes for pulling down the packaging or transport unit from one Stack and a slot for hand intervention by punching or cut by laser light.

each Tab can be inserted loosely, but also fully or partially on or pasted cardboard strips or thicker foils preferably in the area the middle engaging hole or slot are reinforced. equally can one or both cover layers around one of the two side surfaces lengthened into these tabs become.

The Carrying aids can on both faces of the packaging or transport units be attached.

In front especially with relatively large volumes, in particular thick packing or transport units simplify carrying, if the flap is off-center, for example, nearby one of the big ones surfaces the packaging or transport unit is arranged. In the execution with Carrying aids on both front sides, these can also be against each other be arranged offset.

Further Features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following Description of the associated Drawing, shown in the preferred embodiments of the invention are. In the drawing show:

1 an insulating plate in perspective view;

2 a first embodiment of an elastification device for an insulation board according to 1 in side view;

3 a second embodiment of a device for elastification of an insulation plate according to 1 ;

4 a diagram with compression and decompression cycles for elastification of an insulation panel according to 1 ;

5 a packaging or transport unit for insulation boards according to 1 in a view;

6 the packing or transport unit according to 5 in section shown side view;

7 the packing or transport unit according to 5 and 6 in a first position during their manufacture;

8th the packing or transport unit according to 7 in a second position during its manufacture;

9 the packing or transport unit according to 7 and 8th in a third position during its manufacture;

10 an altemative embodiment of a packaging or transport unit according to the 5 to 9 in perspective view and

11 another alternative embodiment of a packaging or transport unit according to the 5 to 9 in perspective view.

An in 1 illustrated insulation board 1 is designed as a parallelepiped and has two parallel aligned and spaced from each other large surfaces 2 on top of the right angles to the large surfaces 2 arranged longitudinal sides 3 as well as at right angles to the large surfaces 2 and to the long sides 3 arranged narrow sides 4 connected to each other. The narrow sides 4 determine the width of the insulation board 1 and run during the production process of such insulation boards 1 perpendicular to the conveying direction of the insulation boards 1 while the long sides 3 the length of the insulation board 1 determined and aligned parallel to the conveying direction during the production process.

The insulation board 1 consists of mineral fibers, which are obtained in a per se known method of a silicate melt in a fiberizing aggregate and then placed on a conveyor with the addition of binders and impregnating agents. On this conveyor, the mineral fibers form a primary web, which is suspended in further processing stations to a secondary web. From this secondary web, that can be compressed in further processing stages and cut at the longitudinal edges, the insulating panels 1 produced.

The arrangement of the individual fibers is significantly different within the secondary web. Essentially, the individual fibers are at relatively low gross density in the production direction at flat angles, occasionally semi-steep angles to the large surfaces here in question secondary nonwovens 2 arranged. Transverse to the direction of production is an arrangement of the individual fibers in horizontal storage.

In 1 are interfaces 5 to recognize the layers of the original primary web. In the 1 illustrated insulation board 1 is to be elasticized for reasons to be explained below. For this purpose, an in 2 illustrated device 6 for elastification of the insulation board 1 intended.

The device 6 through which an insulation board 1 in the direction of the arrow 7 is promoted, has one on the upper large surface 2 the insulation board 1 acting roller set 8th with a variety of roles 9 and one on the bottom big surface 2 the insulation board 1 acting roller set 10 with a variety of roles 11 on. Every set of rollers 8th . 10 is divided into a compression zone and a decompression zone. The compression zone is characterized by two sections 12 and 13 out, being in the section 12 the distance between the rollers 9 . 11 the scroll sets 8th . 10 decreases in the direction of the arrow and in the section 13 the distance of these rollers 9 . 11 is kept at a size consistent with the distance of the last two rolls 9 . 11 of the section 12 essentially coincides.

The insulation board 1 is thus from its original material thickness in the first section 12 compressed to a reduced thickness. In the second section 13 is the compression of the insulation board 1 maintained. To the second section 13 the compression zone then closes the decompression zone with a section 14 in which the compressed insulation board 1 controlled relaxed on their original material strength is relaxed. By a comparison with the rotational speed of the rollers 9 and 11 in the scroll sets 8th and 10 the sections 12 and 13 reduced rotational speed of the rollers 9 and 11 in the section 14 In addition, a longitudinal compression of the insulation board 1 carried out. By the above-described device 6 becomes the insulation board 1 elasticized.

The roles 9 and 11 in this case are height-adjustable arranged in non-illustrated storage racks, so that insulation boards 1 different material thickness can be processed or insulation boards 1 same material thickness can be differently elasticized by different compression and decompression. The elastification of the insulation boards 1 is due to the fact that the linear weakness zones of the insulating panels 1 transverse to the axes of the rollers 9 and 11 are aligned and thus mostly in the longitudinal direction of the insulation boards 1 run. In this direction, the insulation panels 1 a significantly higher tensile strength in the areas of large surfaces 2 and corresponding tensile and flexural tensile strengths in their structure. On the other hand, the resistance of the insulation boards 1 compared to a longitudinal compression in this direction significantly higher, so that the degree of longitudinal compression must be limited and carefully graded to avoid destruction. By the individual arrangement of the roles 9 and 11 relative to the central axis of the insulation board 1 In addition, a loosening of the large surfaces 2 be performed.

The device described above 6 enables continuous elastification of insulation boards 1 so that such a device 6 loss-free can be integrated into existing production facilities.

An alternative embodiment of a device 6 for elastification of insulation boards 1 is in 3 shown.

This device 6 serves a particularly gentle elastification of particular at the upper limit of the question in question Rohdichtebereichs insulation boards 1 , It is a discontinuous device 6 in which at least one, but advantageously two or more insulating panels 1 on a lift table 15 be arranged side by side and then with a the lifting table 15 opposite edition 16 undergoing one or more compression and guided decompression cycles. For this purpose, the lift table 15 Standing in the area of a conveyor belt 17 is arranged, via a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 18 relative to the conveyor belt 17 arranged vertically. In the same way is the edition 16 via another hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 19 in their distance to the lift table 15 changeable, so that on the one hand ensures that the desired number of insulation panels 1 between lift table 15 and edition 16 can be arranged and on the other hand via a pulsating movement of the pneumatic cylinder 18 and 19 the necessary compression and decompression on the insulation boards 1 is transferable. The movement of the pad 16 and the lifting table 15 can be done for example with a frequency up to several hertz.

The device 6 according to 3 is particularly suitable for the insulation boards 1 to train in regular alternation with different degree of elastification.

4 shows an example of compression and decompression cycles, as in an advantageous manner on insulation boards 1 be exercised. For this purpose, the compression cycles are shown in the lower area of the diagram with the arrow K and the decompression cycles in the upper area of the diagram with the letter D.

The purpose of the above-described elastification of the insulating panels 1 is that the insulation boards 1 be arranged in a packaging or transport unit, which consists of a number of insulating panels 1 that is to a pile 20 are arranged, wherein the insulating panels 1 with their large surfaces 2 horizontally or vertically in the stack 20 can be arranged. There is also the possibility of combining the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the insulating panels 1 in the pile 20 provided.

This pile 20 is with a serving 21 surrounded, which consists of a shrink film. The serving 22 is formed such that it by the shrinking process, the insulation boards 1 in the pile 20 completely surrounds and simultaneously pressurized. Are the insulation boards 1 elasticized according to the above description, the insulation panels 1 uniformly compressed in the packaging or transport unit, so that damage and plastic deformation, in particular on the outer insulation panels 1 due to excessive compression and intransigence of the internal insulation panels 1 be avoided.

Corresponding packaging or transport units are in the 5 to 10 shown. The 5 and 6 show here a packaging or transport unit with a stack 20 from with their big surfaces 2 vertically oriented insulation boards 1 , The serving 21 lies on both large surfaces 2 the outer insulation panels 1 over the entire surface and extends over the entirety of the long sides 3 the one in the pile 20 arranged insulation panels 1 ,

In the middle area of the stack 20 two are the serving 21 forming film sections 22 and 23 welded together, so on the one hand a shorter connecting strap 24 and on the other hand a longer connecting strap 25 formed.

The connecting strap 25 points immediately above the stack 20 a first weld 26 and at its free end a second weld 27 on, taking in the welds 26 . 27 Reinforcing elements, such as plastic or cardboard strips can be inserted.

Between the welds 26 and 27 is in the middle on the one hand an incision 28 cut in as handle opening. Both sides of the incision 28 are circular holes 29 arranged, for example, serve to hang the packaging or transport unit frame side. In addition, these holes 29 intended to give the operator an opportunity to selectively grab the packing or transport unit and, for example, pull it down from a stack of several packing or transport units.

In the area of the incision 28 or the holes 29 can complementary reinforcing elements between the two film sections 22 or 23 be inserted.

In the 7 to 9 the production of a packaging or transport unit is shown schematically in three steps.

7 shows the stack 20 consisting of four insulating panels 1 that with their large surfaces 2 are arranged adjacent to each other. The stack 20 lies on a section 23 the serving 1 on and is topped with a section 22 the serving 21 covered.

In the subsequent packaging step, the stack 20 together with the serving 21 by pressure on the large surfaces 2 the outer insulation panels 1 compressed until the sections 22 and 23 the serving 21 according to 9 in the area of their longitudinal direction of the insulation boards 1 overlapping ends together to the connecting tabs 24 and 25 can be welded. This process may involve a shrinkage process of the enclosure 21 accompanied. Of importance is that by the previous elastification of the insulating panels 1 in the compression of the stack 20 not just the outer insulation boards 1 , but also the inner insulating panels 1 of the pile 20 be compressed so that not only the outer insulation panels 1 experience an optionally elastic deformation. Rather, it is provided that all insulation boards 1 be elastically deformed, so that they after construction site opening of the enclosure 21 take their original material strength again.

The 10 and 11 show further embodiments of a packaging or transport unit, which in turn a stack 20 several insulation boards 1 and a serving 21 comprising a thermoplastic film. The insulation boards 1 are as described above according to the arrangement in the 7 to 9 with their large surfaces 2 aligned and overlaid with the cladding 21 surround. In addition to the embodiments of the packaging or transport units according to the 5 to 9 The embodiment according to FIG 10 a complementary, in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1 running tear-resistant band 30 , For example, made of plastic, which the stack 20 and the serving 21 completely surrounds. The band 30 can with the envelope 21 be shrunk or glued. Task of the band 30 it is, possible extensions of the cladding 21 due to the tensile stress to compensate. Through the band 30 the stability of the packaging or transport unit is significantly improved, so that, for example, thinner films than wrapping 21 can be used.

11 shows a packaging or transport unit according to 10 but in the case of the pile 20 and the serving 21 is surrounded by two bands which transverse to the longitudinal extent of the insulating panels 1 run.

Claims (40)

A method for producing a packaging or transport unit for plate-like insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular of stone or glass fibers, in which a plurality of insulating panels are arranged contiguous with their large surface and combined into a stack, wherein the surfaces of the insulating panels in the stack are aligned horizontally or vertically and the insulating panels of the stack are surrounded by a wrapper and compressed summarized, characterized in that compressed in a first step, the individual insulating panels of a stack before the arrangement in the stack, in a second step, the individual insulating panels are decompressed, so that the individual insulating panels be so elasticized that no serious internal fractures or cracks occur in the individual insulation board and that wrapped in a stack, the arranged in the stack and elasticized insulation panels be, with the stress built up by the envelope is distributed substantially uniformly on all arranged in the stack and elasticized insulation panels. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the insulation boards compressed and decompressed in several steps. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that between every two compression steps a decompression step is carried out. Method according to claim 2, characterized the compression steps are performed with increasing compression level. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the insulation board preferably in the decompression step at least one compression in longitudinal direction is suspended. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the insulation board preferably in its longitudinal extent is subjected to a shear stress, the shear stress along a neutral zone parallel to the large surfaces. Method according to Claim 6, characterized that caused by the shear stress shift of the mineral fibers in the insulation board in terms of a length of one meter depending the thickness of the insulation board on 5 to 50 mm limited becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the surfaces the insulation board in addition to Compression treatment of the insulation board is loosened up. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the insulation board in addition to a mechanical elastification of a hydrothermal pretreatment is subjected to, at the one contained in the insulation board thermosetting binder, in particular vaporous water acts. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that that the hydrothermal pretreatment of the insulation board directly in the Connection of leaving a curing oven takes place, the water vapor through the still warm insulation board depressed or sucked. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that that the hydrothermal pretreatment before mechanical elastification he follows. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the insulation board is supplied to an autoclave before the mechanical elastification, in which the insulation board with an overpressure is treated. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that that the insulation board immediately after leaving a curing oven is fed to the autoclave. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the insulation board before their insertion is dried in the pile by warm air. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the stack insulation boards be summarized different degrees of elastification. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that that in the stack outside insulation boards with a lower and in the stack inside insulation boards with a higher degree of elastification to be ordered. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the stack outside insulation boards one opposite the in the stack inside insulation panels higher Have raw density. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that stack of insulation boards with a serving from a plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA or paper, paper composite films with plastic or metal, vapor-permeable nonwovens, in particular from thermoplastic mineral fibers is coated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that above the topmost insulation board one of the pile or below the bottom one Protective element, for example in the form of a cover layer of cardboard or plastic is arranged. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that stack of insulation boards when open wrapping compressed and then the wrapping closed when the stack is compressed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of insulation boards compressed and inserted in a compressed position in a tubular sheath becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the cladding arranged insulation panels with tear-resistant bands to be wrapped. Packaging or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone or glass fibers, which are combined into a stack and surrounded by a sheath, wherein the large surfaces of the insulating panels are arranged in the stack contiguous in a vertical or horizontal orientation, characterized in that the Insulating boards ( 1 ) by at least one on their large surfaces ( 2 ) compression are elasticized, wherein no serious internal fractures or cracks occur in the insulation board, so that one of the sheath ( 21 ) built-up voltage in the stack ( 20 ) on all in the stack ( 20 ) and elstified insulation panels ( 1 ) is substantially uniform. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the envelope ( 21 ) consists of a plastic film, for example of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA or paper, paper composite films with plastic or metal, vapor-permeable nonwovens, in particular of thermoplastic mineral fibers. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the insulating panels ( 1 ) in the stack ( 20 ) have a different degree of compression and thus a different elastification or a different density. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack ( 20 ) outer insulation panels ( 1 ) a lower and in the stack ( 20 ) inner insulating panels ( 1 ) have a higher elasticity. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack ( 20 ) outer insulation panels ( 1 ) higher and in the stack ( 20 ) inner insulating panels ( 1 ) have a lower density. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that above the uppermost insulating panel ( 1 ) of the stack ( 20 ) or below the lowest insulation board ( 1 ) of the stack ( 20 ) A protective element is arranged. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is formed as a cover layer whose size is substantially the size of a large surface ( 2 ) an insulating panel ( 1 ) corresponds. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element as at least one edge of the insulating board ( 1 ) covering angle is formed. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element releasably connected to the insulating material plate ( 1 ), in particular glued or plugged. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element made of cardboard or Plastic exists. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the envelope ( 21 ) with at least one tear-resistant band ( 30 ) which is at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the stack ( 20 ) is arranged. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the band ( 30 ) is formed of plastic and on the envelope ( 21 ) shrunk or with the wrapping ( 21 ) is glued. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the envelope ( 21 ) has an approach with a handle. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized in that the approach with the envelope ( 21 ) or on the envelope ( 21 ) has shrunk. Packaging or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized in that the approach formed band-shaped is. Insulating board in the form of a parallelepiped made of mineral fibers, in particular of stone or glass fibers for use in a packing or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 or for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the parallelepiped two at a distance has mutually parallel and aligned parallel to each other large surfaces and for this purpose substantially at right angles extending narrow sides, characterized in that the parallelepiped in particular in the region of its large surface ( 2 ) is compressed and decompressed so that there is an elasticity which, when a plurality of parallelepipedes are arranged in one with a sheath ( 21 ) surrounded stack ( 20 ) a uniform distribution of stress through the envelope ( 21 ) applied compressive stress in the stack ( 20 ) to the individual parallelepipedes. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized in that the large surfaces ( 2 ) are mechanically loosened. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized in that the parallelepiped from a suspended mineral fiber primary nonwoven exists.