DE10146765A1 - Production of packaging and-or transport unit for mineral fibre insulating boards involves compression, stacking and decompression in a controlled manner so as to distribute stress due to the outer wrapping - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of a packaging and/or transport unit for a stack of insulating board made of mineral fibres involves compressing each board before stacking and then decompressing in a controlled manner so that the stress generated in the stack by the wrapping is distributed essentially evenly over all the elastified boards in the stack. A method for the production of a packaging and/or transport unit for insulating board made of mineral fibres, especially rock and/or glass fibres, in which several boards are stacked horizontally and/or vertically with their major surfaces together, then wrapped in a cover and compressed. In this method, the boards are compressed before stacking and then decompressed in a controlled manner so that the stress generated in the stack by the packaging cover is essentially evenly distributed over all the elastified boards in the stack. Independent claims are also included for (a) a unit as described above, in which the insulating boards (1) are elastified by compressive action on their major surfaces, so that the stress generated in the stack (20) by the wrapping (21) is evenly distributed over all the elastified boards (1) in the stack; and (b) insulating boards as above in the shape of a parallelipiped with two parallel major surfaces and two minor surfaces at right angles, the parallelipiped being compressed and preferably then decompressed (especially on the major surfaces) in such a way as to produce elasticity which evenly distributes compressive stress from the wrapping over all the boards in a wrapped stack.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a packaging and / or Transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular made of stone and / or glass fibers, in which several insulation boards with their large The surface is arranged next to each other and put together in a stack be taken, the surfaces of the insulation boards in the stack horizontally and / or are aligned vertically and the insulation boards of the stack with one Envelope surrounded and summarized compressed. Furthermore concerns the invention a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped Insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, which too are combined in a stack and surrounded by an envelope, whereby the large surfaces of the insulation boards in the stack in ver tical and / or horizontal alignment are arranged. After all, there is opposition tand the invention an insulation board in the form of a parallelepiped from mine Ral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers for use in a packaging and / or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 and / or for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, the parallelepiped two spaced apart and parallel Large surfaces aligned with one another and essentially for this purpose has narrow sides extending at right angles.

Mineral wool insulation materials consist of glassy solidified mineral fibers with small amounts of a binder, usually a thermosetting one the plastics are principally connected to one another at points. The mineral fa stars are obtained from a melt in a defibration unit is frayed. There are high proportions in the manufacture of such insulation materials organic matter to minimize the classification in the Building material class non-combustible according to DIN 4101 part 1. On the other hand, should an elastic-resilient behavior of the individual mineral fibers within the  Insulation is retained. The lower limit of the binder content is given by achieving the strength required for use and handling characteristics such as compressive and tensile strength. Around To hydrophobize the fiber mass, impregnants are still used in quantities of approx. 0.1-approx. 0.4 mass% added.

A distinction is usually made between glass and rock wool insulation materials.

Glass wool fibers are made from silicate melts with a relatively high alkaline content halt, optionally also produced boron oxides in such a way that the melt is passed through the fine wall openings of a rotating body. This results in relatively long and smooth mineral fibers, which with binding and with Im impregnating agents fall onto an air-permeable conveyor belt. The spec Fish performance of such a defibration unit is a few hundred Kilograms of mineral fibers per hour low, so that several aggregates together the associated chutes in a row over a production line be ordered.

An endless fiber web drawn off from the defibration units is ent speaking of the desired thickness and bulk density more or less quickly transported. The hardening of the structure of the insulation material to be produced fixing binder takes place in a hardening furnace in which hot air by the company serbahn is passed through. Then the cured fiber web trimmed on the side and, for example, cut in two in the middle, of which almost lossless insulation boards with a certain length, at for example half the line width and any widths can be separated can.

In addition to insulation boards, insulation felts are manufactured as a further essential form of delivery, which can be rolled up in winding stations. Insulating felts have low bulk densities between approx. 8 to approx. 27 kg / m ³ and, if necessary, low binder proportions.

Because the mineral fibers follow the procedure described above due to their shape and the pick-up technique used, flat on top of each other lie, the connection of the mineral fibers is parallel to the large surfaces the mineral fiber web in principle much stronger than at right angles to it. Insulation materials with this structure therefore have a very low transverse tensile strength activity and can only transmit low shear forces, for example the rolling up of such insulation felt easier. It is also very important that the se insulation felts without permanent damage to the structure with low forces can be compressed to a very high degree and, of course, only a low return develop actuators.

Insulation felts made of glass fibers become up to 80% of their size during the winding process Starting material thickness compressed, the restoring forces are so low that for a covering of a wound insulation felt made of glass fibers Polyäthy len foils with a very low material thickness of, for example, approx. 100-120 µm can be used. Such films can be used when handling the wrapper Resist dynamic forces arising from the insulation felts. The restoring force of the compressed insulation felts, on the other hand, is sufficiently large that the insulation felt even after a few months of storage its nominal thickness and thus its out Material strength essentially after removal of the covering again enough.

Insulating felts according to DIN 18165, Part 1 "Classification as application type WL - thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, e.g. for insulation between rafters and beam layers", however, have quite large permissible tolerances. The permissible limit deviation of the measured mean value of a sample from the specified nominal thickness is +15 mm and -5%, in addition there are also permissible deviations of the measured individual value of the sample from the mean value of ± 10 mm. When testing the thickness in accordance with the standard, the test specimen is also compressed on the two opposite side surfaces in order to achieve rapid relaxation. Furthermore, the thickness is only measured under a load of 0.05 kN / m ² . A local falling below the nominal thickness due to the winding technology and within the wound insulation felt due to locally higher compression as well as creep and relaxation behavior that generally occurs during longer storage periods therefore have little technical impact and therefore do not constitute a serious sales obstacle.

The high compression of the insulation felt, on the other hand, is very important Chen advantage in the storage of the insulation felts in the manufacturing plant, in the trade company and on the construction site. At the same time, they are essential cos Reduction in the transport of the light but voluminous in and of itself Insulating felts made from mineral fibers.

For many applications, the use of insulation felts is not possible or only to a limited extent. The manufacturers of insulating materials made from mineral fibers therefore also offer the insulating felts insulating boards that are characterized by more exact dimensions and that can generally be subject to higher demands on shape stability. The permissible tolerances for insulation boards made of mineral fibers of application type W according to DIN 18165-1 "Thermal insulation materials, not pressure-resistant, e.g. for walls, ceilings and roofs" are significantly narrower than for application type WL and are only + for the mean value of the sample 5 mm or + 6% or -1 mm; plus single value deviations of ± 5 mm. Furthermore, the load in the thickness measurements is 0.1 kN / m ² and there is no upsetting of the plate to be tested for relaxation.

Insulation boards are grouped together in a large number, whereby the stack of insulation boards are provided with a covering and one Forms packaging and / or transport unit. The insulation boards in the ver Packing and / or transport unit are also subject to compression, which is primarily caused by the wrapping. The compression of the dam fabric panels is lower in comparison to insulation felts and usually achieves egg degree of compression of approx. 20-50% of the original material thickness. Insulation boards are made with a slight excess thickness to ensure that  the subsequent compression and the storage time occurring creep and rela to compensate for xation effects. The degree decreases with increasing bulk density the possible non-destructive compression.

Insulation materials made of stone fibers, in particular insulation boards made of stone fibers compress less easily than insulating materials made of glass fibers because they have clearly different structures, which are essentially in the in swirled shape of the short stone fibers show, the stone fibers be already on the way from the defibration machine to the conveyor belt to Flo aggregate. Because of this behavior, despite being opposite Insulating materials made of glass fibers rela. 30-50% less binder tively high pressure and transverse tensile values achieved.

Because the very powerful defibration units for defibration a Melt from silicate rock provide a high material throughput it is necessary that with binders and regularly with impregnating agents added mineral fibers very quickly in the form of a for rapid cooling To remove fiber web. This is done in the form of the thinnest possible so-called primary fleece, which as possible via a pendulum device flat storage across on a second slower moving conveyor tion is filed.

By swinging the thin primary fleece inhomogeneities become half of the primary fleece and thus in the endless fiber web constructed from it balanced. The insulation materials made from it, for example, have the Width of the production line and the height of the fiber web very tight bulk density fluctuations.

The arrangement of the individual mineral fibers within the fiber web is clear different. With the insulation materials in question here with rel. ge ringer bulk density are the mineral fibers in the production direction at flat angles, occasionally arranged at semi-steep angles to the large surfaces. On  In contrast, a cut across the direction of production shows one supposedly horizontal storage. Furthermore, the connection between the original Layers of the primary fleece are generally weaker than between the individual minerals fibers within the same layer. The reasons for this are the reduction in Adhesion of the binder in the surfaces of the primary nonwoven Drying, loss of binder to the transport equipment and also the opening are weakly bound or almost binder-free flat mineral fibers determine agglomerations.

Further inhomogeneities in the endless fiber web result from different binder distributions within the layers of the primary fleece, so that here regularly clod-like areas with higher rigidity besides those with low stiffness.

The interface is particularly noticeable with low-density insulation materials the original layers of the primary fleece on the two large surfaces Chen through furrows, discolourations, crossings to the production direction enrichments of binder-free mineral fibers etc. When the two are under stress large surfaces by local pressure or by bending them Insulation boards tend to tear these along the interfaces between the Primary fleece layers. The tensile and bending tensile strength of this rock wool Insulation boards are therefore significantly lower in the direction of production than in the calculation angle.

The stresses acting on the insulation continue to cause deformation conditions in relatively narrow areas between the stiffer clods within the Insulation and build up through cracks or cracks between these areas from.

When a stone fiber insulation felt is rolled up, the insulation felt tears or completely through. Similar effects occur particularly with insulation boards with large Material thickness and / or bulk density if there are individual surface areas be upset.  

Instead of this common pick-up technique using a pendulum, the Manufacture of insulating materials from stone fibers also the so-called direct opening collecting the endless fiber web to the thickness required for the end product practiced. The pronounced anisotropy described earlier is the property of this The properties of the insulating materials made of stone fibers cannot be observed. On the other hand, points this technique has such serious disadvantages that it is only used for small were and in areas with low requirements for the uniformity of the Products are operated.

By improving the defibering and collecting technology, the bulk density of insulating felts made of stone fibers can be reduced to approx. 22-25 kg / m ³ , whereby it should be noted that the net fiber mass in these insulating materials is only approx. 70%, the remaining shares are the finest unbound non-fibrous components, which do not affect the mechanical properties Insulation materials made of stone fibers in the gross density range of approx. 22-approx. 50 kg / m ³ achieve thermal conductivity values of λ _R = 0.040 W / mK and can be classified in thermal conductivity group 040 according to DIN 4108. From bulk densities of approx. 45 kg / m ³ , but mostly only from approx. 50 kg / m ³ , the lower and also economically more interesting thermal conductivity group 035 can be reached. The boundaries are fluid and are constantly being pushed by technical developments.

It is known to use fiber webs made of stone fibers with about 1-2% by mass of binder portion to compress with the help of a roller and then the fiber web with a degree of compression of max. about 70% of the starting material thickness roll. However, the fiber webs are regularly damaged, causing cracks occur or the nominal thickness is no longer reached.

By reducing the average fiber diameter and with the help of improved Collection techniques for the formation of the primary fleece have been successful for a short time Time, also insulation felts made of stone fibers, especially of the application type WL and the thermal conductivity group 040 despite having increased to approx. 2.5-3.5 mass% Binder content with a degree of compression of approximately 60-70% of the starting  material thickness. Insulation felts of thermal conductivity group 035 can without damage but only with a degree of compression of approx. 40-45% of the starting material thickness. After unrolling ha ben separated from this fibrous web mostly still the desired Stiffness so that it can stand between rafters or De without further support can be pinched. If no internal stiffness is required the compression can naturally be increased as much as another internal connection is guaranteed.

Rolling up the insulation felts is only possible if the structure is replaced by a Rolling over once in the area of influence of a roller by loosening the bin formation, partial destruction of the dressing or mineral fibers. The driven roller acts from above on the conveyed on a belt Insulation felt. Since the insulation felts are generally longer than the usable width of the manufacturing plants are conveying and rolling devices identical. The influence of often due to lack of space or also due to ignorance of the relationships in the under-dimensioned roller leads mostly that the surface of the after passing the roller again expanding insulation material, of course preferably on the existing Weak zones opens up.

Another clear, but actually not material-appropriate and only Elasticization, which is difficult to control, is achieved by compressing the roll-up Dämmfilze. However, the process runs because of the shape of the role being formed not evenly, so that the inner layers of the roll de much stronger be formed as the outer. The damage caused thereby Insulating felts lead to defects in processing.

An essential material-appropriate elasticization of fiber webs is in the DE 199 04 167 C1 described. A device used for this consists of a Belt system, the repeated increasing compressions and controlled decom pressures of the fiber web or the insulation felt. The insulation felt or the Fiber web is therefore evenly over the entire cross before rolling up  elasticated cut, so that no damage is caused both when rolling up and unrolling gene occur.

Insulation boards made of stone fibers are available with the usual dimensions of 1 or 1.2 m length × 0.6 or 0.625 m width in thicknesses of approx. 20-approx. 240 mm provides. These insulation boards are combined into packaging units that, for handling reasons, weighs max. 20 kg and at heights from approx. 40 to approx. 60 cm. The grouped into a stack ten and with their large surfaces, one with respect to the other large surfaces with vertical and / or horizontal orientation Insulation boards are first wrapped in the longitudinal direction for example in the form of a tensile film made of plastics, paper; composite films made of paper and plastics, metal, paper and / or plastics; Fleece from Natural or synthetic fibers or the like suitable materials. Very often who the films made of polyethylene, especially used in the form of shrink films.

The stack is now compressed so far that taking the stretch into account or the play of the casing ultimately the packaging unit the desired compression level in height. The deformation that occurs against the insulation panels decrease very strongly from outside to inside.

In order to minimize the use of packaging materials, only now The ends of the casing are non-positively connected to each other in the case of thermoplastic foils welded together. The wrapping must now be as possible as possible finally placed around the compressed stack of insulation boards to create a strong pre-compression and thus irreversible damage to the Avoid structure insulation boards. At the same time, the wrapping has to Overlap end faces, better still be led around the edges around the To protect the edges of the insulation boards.

To ensure the desired degree of compression of the packaging unit, especially since foils stretch under tension, the wrapping can be complete or ge suitable zones can be shrunk using thermal energy.  

Here, the plates arranged outside in the stack are significantly compressed and deformed. Because the insulation panels arranged in the middle of the stack little or only deformed in the elastic range when compressing the stack under certain circumstances, these insulation boards, especially at a long storage period the two outside insulation boards between and yourself and the wrapping. The result is irreversible changes in shape and regularly falling below the nominal thickness for all insulation boards of the stack, but especially the two outer plates. As a remedy can the insulation boards as well as the insulation felts with excessive thicknesses from the start getting produced. However, this reduces the economic efficiency of the manufacture process without eliminating the disadvantages.

Starting from this prior art, the object of the invention based on a method of manufacturing a packaging and / or transportation unit, such a packaging and / or transport unit and an insulating material to indicate plate, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages be avoided and in particular a manageable and sufficient the packaging and / or transport unit provided with stability is formed.

The solution to this problem is seen in an inventive Procedure before that the individual insulation boards of a stack before the Arrangement in the stack compressed and then decompressed guided so that the tension built up by the wrapper in the stack on everyone arranged and elasticized insulation boards in the stack substantially the same is distributed moderately. With regard to the packaging and / or Transport unit is provided to solve the task that the Insulation boards by at least one that acts on their large surfaces Compression are elasticized so that one built up by the wrapper Tension in the stack on all those arranged and elasticized in the stack Insulation boards appear essentially uniform. Finally, the solution the task with an insulation board according to the invention provided that the parallelepiped particularly in the area of its large  but rather compressed and preferably in the area of its large surface It is additionally decompressed that there is an elasticity that is present when the device is arranged several parallelepipeds in a stack surrounded by an envelope uniform stress distribution of the applied through the covering Compressive stress in the stack on the individual parallelepipeds enabled.

Preferred development of the method according to the invention, the Packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention and the Insulation board according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims and are described below.

The method according to the invention allows insulation boards, in particular from Stone fibers, without irreversible deformations in the packaging and / or trans to compress port unit evenly. For this purpose, the insulation boards in their structure is one, but preferably repeated several times, for each wide one step with possibly increasing compressions with subsequent exposed to decompression over the entire volume of the insulation board and loosened evenly so that no serious internal breaks or Cracks occur in the insulation board, but essentially the Verfor forces over the height significantly decrease.

Through an additional longitudinal compression of the insulation board in the area of De compression zone, the elastication can be effectively supported.

To provide additional elasticity by shearing the insulation boards, especially To effect particularly in the more flexible production direction, the För the speed between an upper and a lower band or ent speaking rollers to act on the large surfaces different his. The resulting shift between the top and bottom large surface of an insulation board should be 1 m long Insulation board limited to approx. 5-50 mm depending on the thickness of the insulation board become.  

The method according to the invention can be carried out with devices which are equipped with rollers. Due to the possibility of additional height The insulation boards can be used with individually adjustable rollers their linear weak zones across the roller axes, i.e. mostly in plat longitudinal direction are promoted by the system and at the same time Process insulation boards of different material thicknesses and / or bulk densities Tet or different degrees of elasticity can be achieved. In this Direction of conveyance, the insulation boards have significantly higher tensile strengths Surface zones and corresponding tensile and bending tensile strengths. On the on the other hand is the resistance to longitudinal compression in this conveyor direction significantly higher, so that here the degree of compression is narrowly limited or must be graded to avoid destruction.

The individual positioning of the rollers rel. to the central axis enables a additional careful loosening of the surface areas.

The throughput of the device provided for the method according to the invention The elasticity of the insulation panels corresponds to the production output the manufacturing plant for insulation boards intended for the production, so that the additional elasticization of the insulation boards does not significantly increase resulting in manufacturing costs.

For a particularly gentle elasticization, especially on the upper one Limit of the possible density range of insulation boards discontinuous device is suitable, in which two or more Insulation panels moved onto a lifting table and between two pressure stamps subjected to one or more compression and decompression cycles become. This device can for example with a frequency up to several heart are operated, so that it is particularly suitable to regularly Change of insulation boards with different degrees of elasticity put.  

A mechanical elasticization can not be selective to the under different rigid volume units within the insulating material to be elasticized look flat. To avoid accidental destruction of the structure, if possible, step-by-step intensification and relatively frequent again get.

Especially in the case of insulation boards with medium to high bulk density an additional hydrothermal pretreatment has proven to be advantageous. in this connection principally acts on heated water, especially in the form of water vapor the thermosetting binder and thus reduces the rigidity in particular of the binder-rich block-like volume units. This will make one more even and faster reaction of the structure to a mechanical one effect achieved.

Water vapor can, for example, directly through a hardening furnace through the warm insulation panels are pressed or vacuumed. Subsequently these plates are mechanically elasticized.

Treatment of the insulation boards in an Au is much more effective toklaven. An approximately fifteen-minute treatment of the insulation board is sufficient here at 1 bar overpressure, corresponding to 121 ° C, to achieve the intended effect achieve. The reaction times and conditions are not fixed, but can are naturally changed.

To keep the energy expenditure for this treatment in the autoclave as low as possible hold, the insulation boards behind the hardening furnace are in turn not removed cool, but warm, for example, stacked on pallets. The autoclaves will usually operated in pairs to use each other's waste heat Zen.  

Due to the hydrothermal treatment, the insulation boards are initially moist, however, dry themselves after a short period of storage or are removed with the help sucked air dried.

The elasticized insulation boards are made according to the size of the target packaging units stacked on top of each other. Although now for the compressive forces required have been significantly reduced, behave the insulation materials are nevertheless not like a continuum, d. H. the compression is over the Thickness of each individual insulation board and thus to an increased extent over the Stack height is different. This effect is countered by the fact that insulation boards of different heights combined in one stack become.

The insulation boards inside the stack are practical more elastic than the insulation panels placed further out, esp special than the two insulating boards arranged in the stack on the edge. This initially reduces the compression of the packaging and / or transport unit required deformation forces and consequently also the internal stresses in the packaging and / or transport unit. The Pressure on the outer insulation boards is reduced and thus the Ver degree of shaping of these insulation boards.

In difficult cases the total benefit of the compressed packaging and / or to receive transport units, especially the change of logistics To avoid systems, the external insulation boards with a higher bulk density.

The stack is then covered with plastic films such as Po polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA, paper, paper composite films with Metal or plastic, non-diffusing non-woven from thermoplastic mine coated with ral fibers. The thickness of the thermoplastic films is approx. 70-120 µm. The wrapping usually takes place around the longitudinal axis of the stack. she should extend well beyond the edges of the stack to allow for free expansion  to avoid individual areas, especially the ends of the insulation boards. The Stackability and the visual appearance of the packaging and / or Transport unit are significantly improved if the wrapping around the forehead the ends of the insulation boards.

The stack can have one or each one arranged on the outside, in itself stiff top layer made of cardboard or molded plastic parts, for example that lead around the long edges. These top layers can be on along orderly corner protection angles can be reduced. The corner protection brackets are opened attaches, glued or attached.

The stack is now compressed together with the wrapping that is still open. subsequently, ßend the ends of the sheathing wrapping with each other connected. To compensate for the game of wrapping, the stack can be over be compressed to the desired extent.

If the insulation boards have little return due to their elasticization can develop actuators, the ends of shrink film sheets with are welded to each other. The casing can then be replaced by a thermal treatment are shrunk, in particular the in In the longitudinal direction of the stack protruding ends of the wrapper treated become.

In the case of less elasticized insulation boards, they are welded in the microstructural area along the welds damaged foils tear open easily. Suitable foils with sufficient overlap must be used here be glued. Alternatively, the more or less compressed stacks are in Tubular films inserted, which naturally do not have welded or glued seams exhibit.

Thermoplastic films expand over time under tension. To the To ensure the compression wheel of the packaging and / or transport unit  and to be able to use thin foils at the same time, the wrappings of the better recycling because of wrapping, shrink wrapping or more tear-resistant tapes glued or covered with tear-resistant adhesive tapes.

During transport and storage, the packaging and / or Transport units placed upright, if possible, for additional Loads z. B. to avoid in large containers. Since the sides of the Insulation panels are not elasticized, this results in a stable position individual packaging and / or transport unit.

To manually and easily the packaging and / or transport units move the approx. 6-approx. 20 kg, preferably about 8-13 kg heavy Ver Packing and / or transport units handles. This avoids that the packaging and / or transport units are handled improperly damaged in the partially open end faces, so that when trading display packaging and / or transport units an unsightly offer a view that is a barrier to sales even if the technical egg properties of the insulation boards are not impaired.

As an inexpensive solution, the insulation boards or of the stack at least one tear-resistant broad band on the wrapping shrinks or sticks on. Adhesive tapes are also suitable for this. With help this is arranged, for example, in the region of the partially open end faces The packaging and / or transport unit can hold belts in the area of the forehead can be gripped without the risk of damaging the wrapping in this area exists.

The handles or carrying aids prevent the packaging and / or ge transport unit, in particular on construction sites be ground, whereby the strongly tensioned envelopes be be damaged and external damage, such. B. also at the famous scaffolding parts open quickly and the stack falls apart. remedy  creates the attachment of the carrying aids to the by the compression in favorably reduced narrow sides of packaging and / or transportation unit.

These carrying aids are advantageously made by extending the order enveloping packaging materials. With a possible simple execution It is envisaged that the ends of the sheathing approx. 5 to approx. Extend 20 cm be tied. The strips or tabs formed in this way are replaced by several re welded or glued seams reinforced. Finger holes become in the tabs Pulling down the packaging and / or transport unit from a stack and a slot for manual engagement by punching or by laser light cut.

Each tab can be loosely inserted, but also fully or partially on or glued cardboard strips or thicker foils preferably in the middle Ren engagement hole or slot are reinforced. Similarly, one or both cover layers around one of the two side surfaces up to this area be extended.

The carrying aids can be on both ends of the packaging and / or Transport units are attached.

Especially with relatively large-volume, especially thick packaging and / or transport units, carrying is simplified when the tab is out middle, for example near one of the large surfaces of the Verpa Packing and / or transport unit is arranged. In the version with carrying aid fen on both end faces, these can also be arranged offset from one another become.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following Description of the accompanying drawing, in the preferred embodiments of the Invention are shown. The drawing shows:  

Figure 1 is an insulation board in perspective view.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of a first embodiment of an elasticization device for an insulation board according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a device for the elasticization of an insulation board according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing compression and decompression cycles to elasticize an insulation plate according to Fig. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a packaging and / or transport unit for insulation boards according to FIG. 1 in a view;

Fig. 6, the packing and / or transport unit according to Figure 5 in a sectional side view; FIG.

Fig. 7 is the packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 5 and 6 in a first position during its manufacture.

FIG. 8 shows the packaging and / or transport unit according to FIG. 7 in a second position during its manufacture;

Fig. 9, the packaging and / or transport unit according to Figures 7 and 8 in a third position during its manufacture.

Fig. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit according to FIGS. 5 to 9 in a perspective view;

Fig. 11 shows a further alternative embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit 5 to 9 in a perspective view according to FIGS..

An insulating panel 1 shown in FIG. 1 is formed as a parallelepiped and has two mutually parallel and at a distance from one another on parent large surfaces 2 which over at right angles to the large Oberflä chen 2 disposed longitudinal sides 3 and at right angles to the large surfaces 2 and the long sides 3 arranged narrow sides 4 are interconnected. The narrow sides 4 determine the width of the insulation board 1 and run during the production process of such insulation boards 1 perpendicular to the conveying direction of the insulation board 1 , while the long sides 3 determine the length of the insulation board 1 and are aligned parallel to the conveying direction during the production process.

The insulation board 1 consists of mineral fibers, the ge in a known process from a silicate melt in a defibration unit won and then deposited with the addition of binders and impregnating agents on a conveyor. On this conveyor, the mineral fibers form a primary fleece, which is suspended in further processing stations to form a secondary fleece. The insulating boards 1 are produced from this secondary fleece, which can be compressed in further processing stages and cut at the longitudinal edges.

The arrangement of the individual fibers is significantly different within the secondary fleece. In essence, the individual fibers in this case are secondary fleeces with a relatively low bulk density in the direction of production in flat angles, occasionally semi-steep angles to the large surfaces 2 . An arrangement of the individual fibers in horizontal storage is shown perpendicular to the production direction.

In Fig. 1, interfaces 5 of the layers of the original primary fleece are known. The insulating panel 1 shown in Fig. 1 is to be elasticized out hereinafter still to be explained reasons. For this purpose, a device 6 shown in FIG. 2 is provided for the elasticization of the insulation board 1 .

The device 6, by which an insulation material plate 1 in the direction of arrow 7 ge is promoting, has a force acting on the upper major surface 2 of the insulation plate 1 set of rollers 8 with a plurality of rollers 9, and a large on the lower surface 2 of the insulation plate 1 acting Roll set 10 with a plurality of rolls 11 . Each set of rollers 8 , 10 is divided into a compression zone and a decompression zone. The compression zone is characterized by two sections 12 and 13 , wherein in section 12 the distance between the rollers 9 , 11 of the roller sets 8 , 10 decreases in the direction of the arrow and in section 13 the distance between these rollers 9 , 11 is kept to a size is, which coincides with the distance between the last two rollers 9 , 11 of section 12 in Chen wesentli.

The insulation board 1 is thus compressed from its original material thickness in the first section 12 to a reduced material thickness. In the second section 13 , the compression of the insulation board 1 is maintained. At the second section 13 of the compression zone, the decompression zone then follows with a section 14 , in which the compressed insulation board 1 is checked and guided to its original material thickness. By a compared to the speed of rotation of the rollers 9 and 11 in the roller sets 8 and 10 of the sections 12 and 13 reduced speed of rotation of the rollers 9 and 11 in section 14 , a longitudinal compression of the insulation board 1 is also carried out. The insulation board 1 is elasticized by the device 6 described above.

The rollers 9 and 11 are arranged height-adjustable in storage racks, not shown, so that insulation panels 1 of different material thickness can be processed or insulation panels 1 of the same material thickness can be elasticized differently by different compressions and decompressions. The Elastifzierung of the insulating plates 1 lies in the fact that the linear zones of weakness of the insulating plates 1 are oriented transversely to the axes of the rollers 9 and 11 and thus mostly extend in the longitudinal direction of the insulation boards 1. In this direction, the insulation boards 1 have a significantly higher tensile strength in the areas of the large surfaces 2 and corresponding tensile and bending tensile strengths in their structure. On the other hand, the resistance of the insulation panels 1 to longitudinal compression in this direction is significantly higher, so that the degree of longitudinal compression is limited and must be carefully graded to avoid destruction. Due to the individual arrangement of the rollers 9 and 11 relative to the central axis of the insulation board 1 , loosening of the large surface 2 can be carried out.

The device 6 described above enables a continuous elasticization of insulation boards 1 , so that such a device 6 can be freely integrated into existing production systems.

An alternative embodiment of a device 6 for the elasticization of insulating boards 1 is shown in Fig. 3.

This device 6 is used for a particularly gentle elasticization of in particular lying at the upper limit of the raw density range in question insulating panels 1 . It is a discontinuously operating device 6 , in which at least one, but advantageously two or more insulation boards 1 are arranged side by side on a lifting table 15 and then subjected to a support 16 opposite the lifting table 15 to one or more compression and guided decompression cycles will or will. For this purpose, the lifting table 15 , which is arranged in the region of a conveyor belt 17 , is arranged via a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 18 relative to the conveyor belt 17 so as to be vertically movable. In the same way, the support 16 can be changed via a further hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 19 in its distance from the lifting table 15 , so that on the one hand it is ensured that the desired number of insulation boards 1 can be arranged between the lifting table 15 and support 16 and on the other hand via a pulsating movement of the pneumatic cylinders 18 and 19 the necessary compression and de-compression on the insulation panels 1 is transferable. The movement of the support 16 and the lifting table 15 can take place, for example, at a frequency of up to several Hertz.

The device 6 according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for forming the insulating boards 1 in alternation with different degrees of elasticity.

FIG. 4 shows an example of compression and decompression cycles as they are advantageously carried out on insulation boards 1 . For this purpose, the compression cycles are shown in the lower area of the diagram with the arrow K and the decompression cycles in the upper area of the diagram with the letter D.

The purpose of the above-described elasticization of the insulation panels 1 is that the insulation panels 1 are arranged in a packaging and / or transport unit, which consists of a number of insulation panels 1 , which are arranged in a stack 20 , the insulation panels 1 with their large surfaces 2 can be arranged horizontally or vertically in the stack 20 . There is also the possibility of providing a combination of the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the insulation boards 1 in the stack 20 .

This stack 20 is surrounded by an envelope 21 , which consists of a shrink film. The casing 22 is designed such that it completely surrounds the insulation boards 1 in the stack 20 by the shrinking process and at the same time applies pressure. If the insulation panels 1 are elasticized in accordance with the above description, the insulation panels 1 are evenly compressed in the packaging and / or transport unit, so that damage and plastic deformations, in particular on the exterior insulation panels 1, due to excessive compression and non-compliance of the interior Insulation panels 1 can be avoided.

Corresponding packaging and / or transport units are shown in FIGS. 5 to 10. FIGS. 5 and 6 show in this case a packaging and / or transport unit with a stack of 20 with their large surfaces 2 vertically aligned insulation boards 1. The covering 21 lies over the entire surface on both large surfaces 2 of the external insulation boards 1 and also extends over the entirety of the long sides 3 of the insulation boards 1 arranged in the stack 20 . In the central region of the stack 20 , two film sections 22 and 23 forming the envelope 21 are welded to one another, so that a shorter connecting strap 24 and, on the other hand, a longer connecting strap 25 are formed on the one hand.

The connecting flap 25 has a first weld seam 26 directly above the stack 20 and a second weld seam 27 at its free end, with reinforcement elements, for example plastic, of the cardboard strips being able to be inserted into the weld seams 26 , 27 .

Between the weld seams 26 and 27 , an incision 28 is cut in the middle as a handle opening. Circular holes 29 are arranged on both sides of the incision 28 and are used, for example, to be able to hang the packaging and / or transport unit on the frame side. In addition, these holes 29 are provided to give the handling person a possibility to selectively take the packaging and / or transport unit and, for example, to pull it down from a stack of several packaging and / or transport units.

In the region of the incision 28 or the holes 29 , additional reinforcement elements can be inserted between the two film sections 22 and 23, respectively.

In Figs. 7 to 9, the production of a packaging and / or transport unit is schematically represented in three steps.

Fig. 7 shows the stack 20 consisting of four insulation boards 1 , which are arranged with their large surfaces 2 adjacent to each other. The stack 20 rests on a section 23 of the casing 1 and is covered on the upper side with a section 22 of the casing 21 .

In the subsequent packaging step, the stack 20 is compressed together with the envelope 21 by pressure on the large surfaces 2 of the external insulation panels 1 until the sections 22 and 23 of the envelope 21 according to FIG. 9 in the region of their ends overlapping in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1 can be welded together to form the connecting straps 24 and 25 . This process can go with a shrinking process of the envelope 21 . It is important that the previous elasticization of the insulation panels 1 in the compression of the stack 20 compresses not only the exterior insulation panels 1 , but also the interior insulation panels 1 of the stack 20 , so that not only the exterior insulation panels 1 are elastic, if necessary Experience deformation. Rather, it is provided that all insulating boards 1 are elastically deformed so that they re-assume their original material thickness after opening the casing 21 on the construction site.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show further embodiments of a packaging and / or transport unit, in turn, a stack 20 of several Dämmstoffplat th 1 and a casing 21 consisting of a thermoplastic film to have. The insulation panels 1 are aligned according to the above descrip tion according to the arrangement in FIGS . 7 to 9 with their large surfaces 2 lying on top of each other and surrounded with the envelope 21 . In addition to the embodiments of the packaging and / or transport units according to FIGS. 5 to 9, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 has an addition to the tear-resistant band 30 running in the longitudinal direction of the insulation panels 1 , for example made of plastic, which comprises the stack 20 and the Enclosure 21 completely surrounds. The tape 30 can be shrunk or glued to the sheath 21 . The task of the belt 30 is to compensate for any expansion of the envelope 21 due to the tensile stress. The stability of the packaging and / or transport unit is substantially improved by the belt 30 , so that, for example, thinner foils can also be used as wrapping 21 .

FIG. 11 shows a packaging and / or transport unit according to FIG. 10, but in which the stack 20 and the wrapping 21 are surrounded by two bands, which run transversely to the longitudinal extent of the insulation panels 1 .

Claims (40)

1. A method for producing a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, in which several insulating boards with their large surface area are arranged next to one another and combined to form a stack, the surfaces of the insulating boards are aligned horizontally and / or vertically in the stack and the insulating boards of the stack are surrounded and encapsulated with a covering, characterized in that the individual insulating boards of a stack are compressed before being arranged in the stack and then decompressed in a guided manner so that those of the covering built-up tension in the stack is distributed substantially evenly on all elasticized insulation boards arranged in the stack. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the insulation boards are compressed in several steps and de be compressed. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized, that between two compression steps a decompression step is carried out. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized,  that the compression steps with increasing degree of compression be performed. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized, that the insulation board preferably in the decompression step is subjected to at least a longitudinal compression. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized, that the insulation board is preferably one in its longitudinal extent Is exposed to shear stress, the shear stress ent along a neutral zone parallel to the large surfaces becomes. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized, that the shift of the Mi general fibers in the insulation board with respect to a length of one meter depending on the thickness of the insulation board to 5 to 50 mm is restricted. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the surfaces of the insulation board complement the compression treatment of the insulation board is loosened. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the insulation board in addition to mechanical elasticization of a is subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment, in which on an in  Insulating board containing thermosetting binder in particular vapor water acts. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized, that the hydrothermal pretreatment of the insulation board is immediate followed by leaving a hardening furnace, the water steam is pressed and / or sucked through the still warm insulation board becomes. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized, that the hydrothermal pretreatment before the mechanical elastification tion takes place. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the insulation board is subjected to an Au toklaven is supplied, in which the insulation board with an overpressure is treated. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized, that the insulation board immediately after leaving a hardening furnace is fed to the autoclave. 14. The method according to claim 2, characterized, that the insulation board is exposed to warm air before it is inserted into the stack is dried.   15. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that in the stack of insulation boards different elasticity degree of efficiency can be summarized. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized, that in the stack of external insulation boards with a lower and Insulation panels with a higher elasticity in the stack degree of efficiency. 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the insulation boards in the stack are one opposite the have higher bulk density in the stack of interior insulation panels sen. 18. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the stack of insulation boards with a covering from a Plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyvinyl chloride, PA and / or paper, paper composite films with plastic and / or metal, non-diffusion nonwovens, in particular from thermoplastic mineral fibers is coated. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that above the top insulation board of the stack and / or below half of the bottom insulation board of the stack a protective element, at arranged for example in the form of a cover layer made of cardboard or plastic becomes.   20. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the stack of insulation boards compresses when the casing is open and then closed the wrapper when the stack is compressed becomes. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the stack of insulation boards is compressed and in a compressed position is inserted into a tubular casing. 22. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the insulation panels arranged in the casing with rice-resistant Tapes are wrapped. 23. Packing and / or transport unit for plate-shaped insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers, which are combined to form a stack and surrounded by a covering, the large surfaces of the insulating boards in the stack being adjacent to one another in vertical and / or horizontal orientation are arranged, characterized in that the insulating panels (1), a compression acting surfaces on their large upper (2) are elasticized by at least so that a connection established by the envelope (21) tension in the stack (20) to all the stack ( 20 ) arranged and elasticized insulation boards ( 1 ) acts substantially evenly. 24. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering ( 21 ) made of a plastic film, for example made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, PA and / or paper, paper composite films with plastic and / or metal, non-diffusion nonwovens, in particular made of thermoplastic mineral fibers. 25. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the insulation boards ( 1 ) in the stack ( 20 ) have a different degree of compression and thus a different elasticity and / or a different bulk density. 26. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack ( 20 ) external insulation panels ( 1 ) have a lower and in the stack ( 20 ) internal insulation panels ( 1 ) have a higher elasticization. 27. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that in the stack ( 20 ) external insulation panels ( 1 ) have higher and in the stack ( 20 ) internal insulation panels ( 1 ) have a lower bulk density. 28. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that a protective element is arranged above the top insulation board ( 1 ) of the stack ( 20 ) and / or below the bottom insulation board ( 1 ) of the stack ( 20 ) or are. 29. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is designed as a cover layer, the size of which essentially corresponds to the size of a large surface ( 2 ) of an insulation board ( 1 ). 30. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is designed as an angle covering at least one edge of the insulation board ( 1 ). 31. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the protective element is detachably connected to the insulation board ( 1 ), in particular glued or plugged on. 32. packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 28, characterized, that the protective element consists of cardboard and / or plastic. 33. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering ( 21 ) with at least one rice-resistant band ( 30 ) is ben, which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the stack ( 20 ). 34. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the band ( 30 ) is made of plastic and shrunk onto the covering ( 21 ) and / or glued to the covering ( 21 ). 35. Packing and / or transport unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the covering ( 21 ) has an approach with a handle. 36. Packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized in that the approach is glued to the envelope ( 21 ) and / or shrunk onto the envelope ( 21 ). 37. packaging and / or transport unit according to claim 35, characterized, that the approach is band-shaped. 38. Insulation board in the form of a parallelepiped made of mineral fibers, in particular stone and / or glass fibers in particular for use in a packaging and / or transport unit according to one of claims 23 to 37 and / or for use in a method according to one of the claims 1 to 22, wherein the parallelepiped has two spaced-apart and parallel to one another large surfaces and essentially rectangular narrow sides, characterized in that the parallelepiped compresses and preferably additionally decompresses in particular in the region of its large surface ( 2 ) is that an elasticity exists which allows for arrangement of a plurality parallelepipeds in egg nem with a sheath (21) surrounding the stack (20) a uniform stress distribution of the applied through the enclosure (21) compressive stress in the stack (20) to the individual parallelepipeds. 39. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized in that the large surfaces ( 2 ) are loosened mechanically. 40. Insulation board according to claim 38, characterized, that the parallelepiped is made of a suspended mineral fiber Primary fleece exists.