EP1382379A2 - Vortex generator with controlled downstream flowpattern - Google Patents
Vortex generator with controlled downstream flowpattern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1382379A2 EP1382379A2 EP03405505A EP03405505A EP1382379A2 EP 1382379 A2 EP1382379 A2 EP 1382379A2 EP 03405505 A EP03405505 A EP 03405505A EP 03405505 A EP03405505 A EP 03405505A EP 1382379 A2 EP1382379 A2 EP 1382379A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- vortex generator
- vortex
- side surfaces
- wake
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
- B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4317—Profiled elements, e.g. profiled blades, bars, pillars, columns or chevrons
- B01F25/43171—Profiled blades, wings, wedges, i.e. plate-like element having one side or part thicker than the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0436—Operational information
- B01F2215/044—Numerical composition values of components or mixtures, e.g. percentage of components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
- F05B2260/222—Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vortex generator in one of one fluid medium acted upon flow channel and a Process for controlling the wake flow of such Vortex generator.
- a particular field of application of the invention is the swirling and mixing of fuel / air mixtures in premix burners.
- Static mixers for shortening the mixing distance of flowing fluid media are known in a variety of designs.
- a design of such mixers, which allows an intensive mixing of flowing fluid media with a comparatively low pressure drop, is the subject of EP 0 623 786.
- the static mixers discussed here, hereinafter referred to as vortex generators represent tetrahedron-like bodies which have one of at least one lateral surface the fluid channel acted upon flow channel are arranged. They comprise three freely flowing active surfaces that extend in the direction of flow, a roof surface facing the flow channel and two side surfaces.
- the side surfaces connected to the wall of the flow duct enclose an arrow angle ⁇ with one another, whereas the roof surface runs at an angle of inclination ⁇ to the duct wall.
- the size and strength of the wake are functions of the element height h, the element length l, the angle of attack wink and the arrow angle ⁇ . Varying these parameters provides a simple means of aerodynamically stabilizing a flow. With relatively large angles of attack ⁇ and / or arrow angles ⁇ , the vortex strength of the wake vortices increases to such an extent that an area with low flow velocity forms in their core, which under changing flow conditions harbors the risk of a breakdown of the vortex with the formation of a backflow .
- the design of the vortex generators is therefore always a compromise, on the one hand, to make the vortices so strong that the components involved are mixed as quickly as possible in the wake, but on the other hand not to make the vortices so strong that an area of low flow velocity or is formed at the core even a backflow.
- the invention has for its object to provide a vortex generator, who avoids the disadvantages mentioned and the Formation of a backflow zone in the core of the wake vortex even under changing flow conditions in the flow channel excludes safely and thus allows use and expand variability of these vortex generators. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object Process for controlling the wake flow of such vortex generators provide.
- the basic idea of the invention is to increase the axial speed in the vortex core by specifically introducing an axial pulse into the core flow of the wake vortex.
- this axial impulse is introduced in the immediate area of the core flow by introducing a secondary flow oriented at least approximately in the flow direction.
- one of the components to be mixed is introduced into the flow channel as a secondary flow. It has proven to be advantageous to introduce the secondary flow into the core flow of the wake vortex via outlet openings on the vortex generator.
- the outlet openings of the secondary medium are expediently arranged in the region of the side surfaces of the vortex generator or on its downstream edge. According to a particularly favorable embodiment, the outlet opening is arranged half the chord length of the side surface below the trailing edge.
- the secondary flow can be introduced into the core flow from a single opening on the vortex generator or from a number of outlet openings which are aligned with the vortex core.
- the cooling bores arranged on or near the vortex generators be used in a targeted manner to introduce an additional axial pulse. This can be achieved by modifying part of the cooling bores in such a way that an increased axial pulse is introduced into the core flow of the wake vortices.
- the geometry of the outlet openings is configured accordingly, for example with regard to their orientation and / or their throughput.
- the measures according to the invention are also suitable as a retrofit measure for retrofitting already installed vortex generators according to the prior art by introducing appropriate outlet openings and providing means for supplying a secondary fluid into the hollow interior of the vortex generators.
- Vortex generators which are already equipped with means for supplying a secondary fluid and with outlet openings for cooling or admixing purposes, can be retrofitted with a modified design of the geometry of the outlet openings (FIGS. 4b; 5b). Since the amount of secondary fluid that can be fed in is variably adjustable, the invention allows to react actively to temporarily or permanently changed flow conditions.
- the mass flow of the secondary flow is very low. It is between 0.1% and 5%, in particular between 0.5% and 1.5%, based on the total mass flow.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show in principle the mode of operation of a vortex generator (2) acted upon by a flow (1) according to the prior art.
- a vortex generator (2) has three freely flowing surfaces in the direction of flow, two side surfaces (3) and (4) and perpendicularly a roof surface (5), the side surfaces (3) and (4) being a right-angled triangle and the roof surface (5) form an isosceles triangle.
- the side surfaces (3) and (4) are substantially perpendicular to the channel wall (6), without this being a mandatory requirement, and are preferably fixed gas-tight to one of their catheter sides on the channel wall (6).
- the side surfaces (3) and (4) are dimensioned essentially congruent.
- the roof surface (5) which assumes an acute angle of attack ⁇ with respect to the channel wall (6), is supported on the hypotenuse sides thereof, which are increasingly moving away from the channel wall (6) in the direction of flow. With a butt edge (8) running transversely to the direction of flow, it abuts the channel wall (6).
- the flush abutting edges between the two side surfaces (3) and (4) and the roof surface (5) form trailing edges (9) and (10).
- the axis of symmetry of the vortex generators (2) is aligned parallel to the direction of flow.
- the vortex generator (2) can also be provided with a bottom surface, with the aid of which it is fixed in a suitable manner on the channel wall (6).
- Such a floor area is, however, unrelated to the mode of operation of the vortex generator.
- the mode of operation of the vortex generator (2) is essentially the one set out below.
- a channel flow (1) flows towards the vortex generator (2) and is deflected by its roof surface (5).
- Fig.3 represents the basic principle of the highly schematic described solution.
- Starting from a suitable Place on the vortex generator (2) is in the wake vortex (11) an axial pulse was introduced to influence the core flow.
- a secondary flow (13) in the An additional impulse is generated near the vortex core, which through the inductive effect of the swirl flow in the area of the vortex core is drawn in.
- the impulse is directed parallel to the main flow, so the Vortex (11) and the wake flow is accelerated.
- the Vortex breakdown is delayed and postponed downstream.
- the vortex generator (2) with at least one Outlet opening (12) for a fluid medium in the area of Side surface (3) equipped.
- the outlet opening (12) is arranged and aligned in this way, for example in half chord length below the trailing edge (9) that the emerging fluid jet (13) in the core flow of the wake vortex (11) penetrates and the axial speed in reinforced this area.
- FIG 5 shows an alternative way of introducing a Secondary flow is shown schematically.
- Fig. 7 it is shown that despite acceleration of the vortex core the vortex strength is not weakened. Im auseke even up to 50% downstream of the vortex generator.
- the Varinate A represents the reference case of a vortex generator that is so heavily employed that there arises in the wake Area of low flow velocity.
- the variants B and C give the conditions for a vortex generator according to the invention again, in which a secondary current in half the chord length of one side surface (variant B) or on the downstream abutting edge (variant C) is applied.
- the vortex generators shown here (2) are arranged symmetrically and parallel to the direction of flow. Swirl-like vortices (11) are thus generated. Regardless of this, it is of course also within the framework the invention to design the vortex generators (2) asymmetrically, for example in the form of a half vortex generator, in which only one of the two side surfaces (3) or (4) fixed with an arrow angle ⁇ / 2 on the channel wall (6) whereas the other side surface (3) or (4) is parallel is aligned to the direction of flow. In contrast to the symmetrical Vortex generator (2) is used instead of one Pair of opposite vertebrae (11) only one trailing vertebra (11) generated on the arrowed side. As a result, the main flow (1) a spin imposed.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wirbelgenerator in einem von einem fluiden Medium beaufschlagten Strömungskanal sowie ein Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung eines solchen Wirbelgenerators. Ein besonderes Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung ist die Verwirbelung und Durchmischung von Brennstoff/Luft-Gemischen in Vormischbrennern.The invention relates to a vortex generator in one of one fluid medium acted upon flow channel and a Process for controlling the wake flow of such Vortex generator. A particular field of application of the invention is the swirling and mixing of fuel / air mixtures in premix burners.
Statische Mischer zur Verkürzung der Mischstrecke strömender
fluider Medien sind in vielfältiger Gestaltung bekannt.
Eine Gestaltungsform derartiger Mischer, die eine intensive
Vermischung strömender fluider Medien bei vergleichsweise geringem
Druckverlust erlaubt, ist Gegenstand von EP 0 623 786.
Die an dieser Stelle diskutierten statischen Mischer, nachfolgend
Wirbelgeneratoren genannt, stellen tetraederähnliche
Körper dar, welche an mindestens einer Mantelfläche eines von
dem fluiden Medium beaufschlagten Strömungskanals angeordnet
sind. Sie umfassen drei frei umströmte, sich in Strömungsrichtung
erstreckende Wirkflächen, eine in den Strömungskanal
weisende Dachfläche und zwei Seitenflächen. Die mit der Wand
des Strömungskanals verbundenen Seitenflächen schliessen untereinander
einen Pfeilwinkel α ein, wohingegen die Dachfläche
unter einem Anstellwinkel zur Kanalwand verläuft.
Durch die Erzeugung von Längswirbeln ohne Rezirkulationsgebiet
wird bereits nach einer äusserst kurzen Mischstrecke von
einer Wirbelumdrehung eine Grobdurchmischung erzielt, während
nach einer Strecke von wenigen Kanalhöhen infolge der turbulenten
Strömung eine Feinmischung vorliegt.
Diese Wirbelgeneratoren zeichnen sich durch eine besondere
Einfachheit sowohl im Hinblick auf ihre Herstellung wie auch
ihre technische Wirksamkeit aus. Die Fertigung und Zusammenfügung
der drei Wirkflächen sowie die Verbindung mit einer
ebenen oder gekrümmten Kanalwand kann ohne weiteres durch
einfache Fügemethoden, in aller Regel Schweissen, erfolgen.
Vom strömungstechnischen Standpunkt her weisen diese Generatoren
einen sehr geringen Druckverlust auf und erzeugen bei
entsprechender Auslegung Nachlaufwirbel ohne Totwassergebiet.
Grösse und Stärke der Nachlaufwirbel sind Funktionen der Elementhöhe
h, der Elementlänge l, des Anstellwinkels sowie
des Pfeilwinkels α.
Durch Variation dieser Parameter ist damit ein einfaches Mittel
zur aerodynamischen Stabilisierung einer Strömung an die
Hand gegeben.
Bei relativ grossen Anstellwinkeln und/oder Pfeilwinkeln α
steigt die Wirbelstärke der Nachlaufwirbel in einem solchen
Masse an, dass sich in deren Kern ein Gebiet mit niedriger
Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ausbildet, welches unter wechselnden
Strömungsbedingungen die Gefahr eines Zusammenbruchs des Wirbels
unter Ausbildung einer Rückströmung in sich birgt. Die
Auslegung der Wirbelgeneratoren stellt daher stets einen Kompromiss
dar, einerseits die Wirbel so stark auszubilden, dass
in möglichst kurzem Nachlauf eine maximale Durchmischung der
beteiligten Komponenten erfolgt, andererseits aber wiederum
die Wirbel nicht so stark auszubilden, dass sich im Kern ein
Gebiet niedriger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit oder sogar eine
Rückströmung ausprägt.
Da es sich bei der Einbindung dieser Wirbelgeneratoren in den
Strömungsweg um apparative Massnahmen handelt, sind diese,
einmal installiert, unveränderlich. Das heisst, eine aktive
Einflussnahme auf dauerhaft oder vorübergehend veränderte
Strömungsbedingungen ist nicht ohne weiteres möglich.
Gerade bei einem Einsatz dieser Wirbelgeneratoren in modernen
Gasturbinenanlagen zur Durchmischung und Verwirbelung eines
Brennstoff-/Luftgemisches kann dieses Verhalten negative Auswirkungen
auf die Flammenstabilität haben und zu einer unerwünschten
Verschiebung der Flammenlage führen.Static mixers for shortening the mixing distance of flowing fluid media are known in a variety of designs.
A design of such mixers, which allows an intensive mixing of flowing fluid media with a comparatively low pressure drop, is the subject of
By generating longitudinal vortices without a recirculation area, a rough mixing is achieved after a very short mixing distance of one vortex revolution, while fine mixing occurs after a distance of a few channel heights due to the turbulent flow.
These vortex generators are characterized by a particular simplicity, both in terms of their manufacture and their technical effectiveness. The manufacture and assembly of the three active surfaces as well as the connection to a flat or curved duct wall can be easily carried out using simple joining methods, usually welding. From a fluidic point of view, these generators have a very low pressure loss and, if appropriately designed, generate wake vortices without a dead water area. The size and strength of the wake are functions of the element height h, the element length l, the angle of attack wink and the arrow angle α.
Varying these parameters provides a simple means of aerodynamically stabilizing a flow.
With relatively large angles of attack and / or arrow angles α, the vortex strength of the wake vortices increases to such an extent that an area with low flow velocity forms in their core, which under changing flow conditions harbors the risk of a breakdown of the vortex with the formation of a backflow , The design of the vortex generators is therefore always a compromise, on the one hand, to make the vortices so strong that the components involved are mixed as quickly as possible in the wake, but on the other hand not to make the vortices so strong that an area of low flow velocity or is formed at the core even a backflow.
Since the integration of these vortex generators into the flow path involves equipment measures, once installed, they cannot be changed. This means that it is not possible to actively influence permanently or temporarily changed flow conditions.
Especially when these vortex generators are used in modern gas turbine systems for mixing and swirling a fuel / air mixture, this behavior can have negative effects on the flame stability and lead to an undesirable shift in the flame position.
In Weiterentwicklung des genannten Standes der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wirbelgenerator bereitzustellen, der die genannten Nachteile vermeidet und die Ausbildung einer Rückströmzone im Kern des Nachlaufwirbels auch unter wechselnden Strömungsverhältnissen im Strömungskanal sicher ausschliesst und es damit gestattet, Einsatzbereich und Variabilität dieser Wirbelgeneratoren zu erweitern. Des weiteren liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung solcher Wirbelgeneratoren bereitzustellen.Further development of the state of the art mentioned the invention has for its object to provide a vortex generator, who avoids the disadvantages mentioned and the Formation of a backflow zone in the core of the wake vortex even under changing flow conditions in the flow channel excludes safely and thus allows use and expand variability of these vortex generators. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object Process for controlling the wake flow of such vortex generators provide.
Erfindungsgemäss werden diese Aufgaben durch einen Wirbelgenerator
sowie ein Verfahren gemäss der in den unabhängigen
Ansprüchen genannten Art gelöst.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Wirbelgenerators und des
Verfahrens geben die abhängigen Ansprüche wieder. According to the invention, these tasks are solved by a vortex generator and a method according to the type mentioned in the independent claims.
Advantageous embodiments of the vortex generator and the method reflect the dependent claims.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, durch gezieltes
Einbringen eines Axialimpulses in die Kernströmung des Nachlaufwirbels
die Axialgeschwindigkeit im Wirbelkern zu erhöhen.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird
dieser Axialimpuls mittels Einleitung einer zumindest annähernd
in Strömungsrichtung ausgerichteten Sekundärströmung im
unmittelbaren Bereich der Kernströmung eingebracht.
In vorzugsweiser Ausgestaltung wird eine der zu mischenden
Komponenten als Sekundärströmung in den Strömungskanal eingeleitet.
Als vorteilhaft hat es sich dabei erwiesen, die Sekundärströmung
über Austrittsöffnungen am Wirbelgenerator in die Kernströmung
des Nachlaufwirbels einzuleiten. In zweckmässiger
Weise werden die Austrittsöffnungen des Sekundärmediums im
Bereich der Seitenflächen des Wirbelgenerators oder an dessen
stromabwärtiger Kante angeordnet.
Nach einer besonders günstigen Ausführungsart ist die Austrittsöffnung
in halber Sehnenlänge der Seitenfläche unterhalb
der Abströmkante angeordnet.
Dabei kann die Sekundärströmung aus einer Einzelöffnung am
Wirbelgenerator in die Kernströmung eingeleitet werden oder
aus einer Anzahl von Austrittsöffnungen, welche auf den Wirbelkern
ausgerichtet sind.
Nach einer zweckmässigen Ergänzung der Erfindung wird ferner
vorgeschlagen, die an oder nahe den Wirbelgeneratoren angeordneten
Kühlbohrungen gezielt zur Einbringung eines zusätzlichen
Axialimpulses heranzuziehen. Dies kann dadurch erreicht
werden, dass ein Teil der Kühlbohrungen derart modifiziert
wird, dass ein erhöhter Axialimpuls in die Kernströmung
der Nachlaufwirbel eingebracht wird. Zu diesem Zweck werden
die Austrittsöffnungen in ihrer Geometrie entsprechend konfiguriert,
beispielsweise hinsichtlich ihrer Ausrichtung
und/oder ihres Durchsatzes. The basic idea of the invention is to increase the axial speed in the vortex core by specifically introducing an axial pulse into the core flow of the wake vortex.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this axial impulse is introduced in the immediate area of the core flow by introducing a secondary flow oriented at least approximately in the flow direction.
In a preferred embodiment, one of the components to be mixed is introduced into the flow channel as a secondary flow.
It has proven to be advantageous to introduce the secondary flow into the core flow of the wake vortex via outlet openings on the vortex generator. The outlet openings of the secondary medium are expediently arranged in the region of the side surfaces of the vortex generator or on its downstream edge.
According to a particularly favorable embodiment, the outlet opening is arranged half the chord length of the side surface below the trailing edge.
The secondary flow can be introduced into the core flow from a single opening on the vortex generator or from a number of outlet openings which are aligned with the vortex core.
According to an expedient addition to the invention, it is also proposed that the cooling bores arranged on or near the vortex generators be used in a targeted manner to introduce an additional axial pulse. This can be achieved by modifying part of the cooling bores in such a way that an increased axial pulse is introduced into the core flow of the wake vortices. For this purpose, the geometry of the outlet openings is configured accordingly, for example with regard to their orientation and / or their throughput.
Die erfindungsgemässen Massnahmen eignen sich ohne weiteres
auch als Retrofit-Massnahme zum Nachrüsten bereits installierter
Wirbelgeneratoren nach dem Stand der Technik, indem
entsprechende Austrittsöffnungen eingebracht sowie Mittel zur
Zufuhr eines Sekundärfluids in den hohlen Innenraum der Wirbelgeneratoren
vorgesehen werden. Wirbelgeneratoren, die zu
Kühl- oder Zumischzwecken bereits mit Mitteln zur Zuleitung
eines Sekundärfluids sowie mit Austrittsöffnungen ausgerüstet
sind, können durch eine modifizierte Gestaltung der Geometrie
der Austrittsöffnungen nachgerüstet werden (Fig.4b; 5b).
Indem die Menge an einspeisbarem Sekundärfluid variabel einstellbar
ist, erlaubt es die Erfindung, aktiv auf vorübergehend
oder dauerhaft veränderte Strömungsverhältnisse zu reagieren.
Der Massenstrom der Sekundärströmung ist dabei sehr gering.
Er liegt in einer Grössenordnung zwischen 0,1% und 5%, insbesondere
zwischen 0,5% und 1,5%, bezogen auf den Gesamtmassenstrom.The measures according to the invention are also suitable as a retrofit measure for retrofitting already installed vortex generators according to the prior art by introducing appropriate outlet openings and providing means for supplying a secondary fluid into the hollow interior of the vortex generators. Vortex generators, which are already equipped with means for supplying a secondary fluid and with outlet openings for cooling or admixing purposes, can be retrofitted with a modified design of the geometry of the outlet openings (FIGS. 4b; 5b). Since the amount of secondary fluid that can be fed in is variably adjustable, the invention allows to react actively to temporarily or permanently changed flow conditions.
The mass flow of the secondary flow is very low. It is between 0.1% and 5%, in particular between 0.5% and 1.5%, based on the total mass flow.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung seien nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es werden nur die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente dargestellt. Gleiche oder einander entsprechende Elemente figurieren unter demselben Bezugszeichen.Further features, advantages and details of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. It will only the elements essential to the invention are shown. The same or corresponding elements figure below the same reference number.
- Fig.1Fig.1
- Wirbelgenerator nach dem Stand der TechnikVortex generator according to the prior art
- Fig.2Fig.2
- Geschwindigkeitsfeld (normierte axiale Geschwindigkeit) einer Kanalströmung im Nachlauf eines Wirbelgenerators nach dem Stand der TechnikVelocity field (standardized axial velocity) a channel flow in the wake of a Vortex generator according to the prior art
- Fig.3Figure 3
- Prinzipskizze der Wirkungsweise der Erfindung Outline of the principle of operation of the invention
- Fig.4a,b4a, b
- eine erste Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemässen Wirbelgeneratorsa first embodiment of a vortex generator according to the invention
- Fig.5a,b5a, b
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eins erfindungsgemässen Wirbelgeneratorsa further embodiment variant of a vortex generator according to the invention
- Fig.6Figure 6
- Geschwindigkeitsfeld (normierte axiale Geschwindigkeit) einer Kanalströmung im Nachlauf eines Wirbelgenerators nach der ErfindungVelocity field (standardized axial velocity) a channel flow in the wake of a vortex generator according to the invention
- Fig.7Figure 7
- Massengemittelte Wirbelstärke stromab des WirbelgeneratorsMass averaged vortex strength downstream of the vortex generator
Die Fig.1 und 2 geben in prinzipieller Weise die Wirkungsweise
eines von einer Strömung (1) beaufschlagten Wirbelgenerators
(2) nach dem Stand der Technik wieder.
Ein solcher Wirbelgenerator (2) besitzt drei frei umströmte,
in Strömungsrichtung verlaufende Flächen, zwei Seitenflächen
(3) und (4) sowie dazu senkrecht eine Dachfläche (5), wobei
die Seitenflächen (3) und (4) ein rechtwinkliges Dreieck und
die Dachfläche (5) ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck bilden. Die
Seitenflächen (3) und (4) stehen im wesentlichen senkrecht
zur Kanalwand (6), ohne dass dies eine zwingende Voraussetzung
darstellt, und sind mit einer ihrer Kathetenseiten an
der Kanalwand (6) vorzugsweise gasdicht fixiert. Sie sind so
orientiert, dass sie mit den zweiten Kathetenseiten an einer
Stosskante (7) unter Einschluss eines vorzugsweise spitzen
Pfeilwinkels α zusammentreffen, welche Stosskante (7) gleichzeitig
das stromabwärtige Ende des Wirbelgenerators (2) darstellt
und senkrecht zur Kanalwand (6) ausgerichtet ist. Die
Seitenflächen (3) und (4) sind im wesentlichen deckungsgleich
dimensioniert. Auf deren Hypotenusenseiten, die sich in Strömungsrichtung
zunehmend von der Kanalwand (6) entfernen,
stützt sich die Dachfläche (5) ab, welche gegenüber der Kanalwand
(6) einen spitzen Anstellwinkel einnimmt. Mit einer
quer zur Strömungsrichtung verlaufenden Stosskante (8) liegt
sie an der Kanalwandung (6) an. Die bündigen Stosskanten zwischen
den beiden Seitenflächen (3) und (4) und der Dachfläche
(5) bilden Abströmkanten (9) und (10).
Die Symmetrieachse der Wirbelgeneratoren (2) ist parallel zur
Strömungsrichtung ausgerichtet.
Selbstverständlich kann der Wirbelgenerator (2) auch mit einer
Bodenfläche versehen sein, mit deren Hilfe er auf geeignete
Weise an der Kanalwand (6) fixiert ist. Eine derartige
Bodenfläche steht indes in keinem Zusammenhang mit der Wirkungsweise
des Wirbelgenerators.
Die Wirkungsweise des Wirbelgenerators (2) ist im wesentlichen
die nachfolgend dargelegte. Eine Kanalströmung (1)
strömt den Wirbelgenerator (2) an und wird durch dessen Dachfläche
(5) abgelenkt. Durch die plötzliche Querschnittserweiterung
beim Überströmen der Abströmkanten (9) und (10) bildet
sich ein Paar gegenläufiger Nachlaufwirbel (11) aus, deren
Achsen in der Achse der Hauptströmung liegen. Wirbelstärke
und Drallzahl werden massgeblich von dem Anstellwinkel und
dem Pfeilwinkel α bestimmt. Mit steigenden Winkeln werden
Wirbelstärke und Drallzahl erhöht und im Kern der Nachlaufwirbel
bildet sich unmittelbar hinter dem Wirbelgenerator (2)
zunehmend ein Gebiet niedrigerer Axialgeschwindigkeit (dunkle
Flächen in Fig.2), das bis zu einem "vortex breakdown" führen
kann.1 and 2 show in principle the mode of operation of a vortex generator (2) acted upon by a flow (1) according to the prior art.
Such a vortex generator (2) has three freely flowing surfaces in the direction of flow, two side surfaces (3) and (4) and perpendicularly a roof surface (5), the side surfaces (3) and (4) being a right-angled triangle and the roof surface (5) form an isosceles triangle. The side surfaces (3) and (4) are substantially perpendicular to the channel wall (6), without this being a mandatory requirement, and are preferably fixed gas-tight to one of their catheter sides on the channel wall (6). They are oriented in such a way that they meet with the second sides of the catheter at a butt edge (7), including a preferably acute arrow angle α, which butt edge (7) simultaneously represents the downstream end of the vortex generator (2) and is oriented perpendicular to the channel wall (6) , The side surfaces (3) and (4) are dimensioned essentially congruent. The roof surface (5), which assumes an acute angle of attack with respect to the channel wall (6), is supported on the hypotenuse sides thereof, which are increasingly moving away from the channel wall (6) in the direction of flow. With a butt edge (8) running transversely to the direction of flow, it abuts the channel wall (6). The flush abutting edges between the two side surfaces (3) and (4) and the roof surface (5) form trailing edges (9) and (10).
The axis of symmetry of the vortex generators (2) is aligned parallel to the direction of flow.
Of course, the vortex generator (2) can also be provided with a bottom surface, with the aid of which it is fixed in a suitable manner on the channel wall (6). Such a floor area is, however, unrelated to the mode of operation of the vortex generator.
The mode of operation of the vortex generator (2) is essentially the one set out below. A channel flow (1) flows towards the vortex generator (2) and is deflected by its roof surface (5). Due to the sudden widening of the cross-section when flowing over the trailing edges (9) and (10), a pair of opposing wake vortices (11) is formed, the axes of which lie in the axis of the main flow. The vortex strength and swirl number are largely determined by the angle of attack and the arrow angle α. With increasing angles, the vortex strength and swirl number are increased and in the core of the wake vortex, an area of lower axial speed (dark areas in FIG. 2) is formed immediately behind the vortex generator (2), which can lead to a "vortex breakdown".
Fig.3 stellt stark schematisiert das grundlegende Prinzip der beschriebenen Lösung dar. Ausgehend von einer geeigneten Stelle am Wirbelgenerator (2) wird in den Nachlaufwirbel (11) ein Axialimpuls zur Beeinflussung der Kernströmung eingebracht. Dabei wird durch eine Sekundärströmung (13) in der Nähe des Wirbelkerns ein zusätzlicher Impuls generiert, welcher durch die induktive Wirkung der Drallströmung in den Bereich des Wirbelkerns eingezogen wird. Richtet sich der Impuls parallel zur Hauptströmung, so stabilisiert sich der Wirbel (11) und die Nachlaufströmung wird beschleunigt. Der Vortex-Breakdown verzögert sich und wird stromabwärts verschoben.Fig.3 represents the basic principle of the highly schematic described solution. Starting from a suitable Place on the vortex generator (2) is in the wake vortex (11) an axial pulse was introduced to influence the core flow. A secondary flow (13) in the An additional impulse is generated near the vortex core, which through the inductive effect of the swirl flow in the area of the vortex core is drawn in. The impulse is directed parallel to the main flow, so the Vortex (11) and the wake flow is accelerated. The Vortex breakdown is delayed and postponed downstream.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 4 ist zu diesem Zweck der Wirbelgenerator (2) mit mindestens einer Austrittsöffnung (12) für ein fluides Medium im Bereich der Seitenfläche (3) ausgerüstet. Die Austrittsöffnung (12) ist dabei derart angeordnet und ausgerichtet, beispielsweise in halber Sehnenlänge unterhalb der Abströmkante (9), dass der austretende Fluidstrahl (13) in die Kernströmung des Nachlaufwirbels (11) eindringt und die Axialgeschwindigkeit in diesem Bereich verstärkt. Durch Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Kernbereich des Nachlaufwirbels (11) wird der Ort des Wirbelaufplatzens stromabwärts verschoben.According to a preferred embodiment according to FIG. 4 is closed for this purpose the vortex generator (2) with at least one Outlet opening (12) for a fluid medium in the area of Side surface (3) equipped. The outlet opening (12) is arranged and aligned in this way, for example in half chord length below the trailing edge (9) that the emerging fluid jet (13) in the core flow of the wake vortex (11) penetrates and the axial speed in reinforced this area. By increasing the flow rate in the core area of the trailing vertebra (11) the location of the vertebral burst is shifted downstream.
In Fig.5 ist eine alternative Möglichkeit zur Einbringung einer Sekundärströmung schematisch wiedergegeben. Danach ist die mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung (12) zur Einbringung der Sekundärströmung im Bereich der stromabwärtigen Stosskante (7) des Wirbelgenerators (2) angeordnet. Hierbei kann es sich um eine kreisförmige Austrittsöffnung (12) in halber Höhe des Wirbelerzeugers (2) handeln, eine Anzahl solcher Öffnungen in diesem Bereich oder eine schlitzförmige Austrittsöffnung (12).5 shows an alternative way of introducing a Secondary flow is shown schematically. After that is the at least one outlet opening (12) for introducing the Secondary flow in the area of the downstream edge (7) of the vortex generator (2) arranged. It can be around a circular outlet opening (12) halfway up the Vortex generator (2) act a number of such openings in this area or a slit-shaped outlet opening (12).
Wie aus Fig.6 zu erkennen ist, ist die Folge der gezielten Eindüsung eines Sekundärfluids in die Wirbelkernströmung ein deutlich ausgeglicheneres Geschwindigkeitsfeld im Nachlauf des Wirbelgenerators (2).As can be seen from Fig. 6, the consequence of the targeted Injection of a secondary fluid into the vortex core flow significantly more balanced speed field in the wake the vortex generator (2).
In Fig.7 ist dargestellt, dass trotz Beschleunigung des Wirbelkerns die Wirbelstärke nicht geschwächt wird. Im ausgeke stromab des Wirbelgenerators sogar um bis zu 50%. Die Varinate A stellt dabei den Referenzfall eines Wirbelgenerators dar, der so stark angestellt ist, dass sich im Nachlauf ein Gebiet niedriger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ausbildet. Die Varianten B und C geben die Verhältnisse bei einem Wirbelgenerator gemäss der Erfindung wieder, bei dem ein Sekundärstrom in halber Sehnenlänge einer Seitenfläche (Variante B) oder an der stromabwärtigen Stosskante (Variante C) aufgebracht wird.In Fig. 7 it is shown that despite acceleration of the vortex core the vortex strength is not weakened. Im auseke even up to 50% downstream of the vortex generator. The Varinate A represents the reference case of a vortex generator that is so heavily employed that there arises in the wake Area of low flow velocity. The variants B and C give the conditions for a vortex generator according to the invention again, in which a secondary current in half the chord length of one side surface (variant B) or on the downstream abutting edge (variant C) is applied.
Es ist vorteilhaft, die hier dargestellten Wirbelgeneratoren (2) symmetrisch und parallel zur Strömungsrichtung anzuordnen. Damit werden drallgleiche Wirbel (11) erzeugt. Ungeachtet dessen liegt es selbstverständlich auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Wirbelgeneratoren (2) asymmetrisch zu gestalten, beispielsweise in Form eines halben Wirbelgenerators, bei welchem nur eine der beiden Seitenflächen (3) oder (4) mit einem Pfeilwinkel α/2 an der Kanalwand (6) fixiert ist, wohingegen die andere Seitenfläche (3) oder (4) parallel zur Strömungsrichtung ausgerichtet ist. Im Gegensatz zum symmetrischen Wirbelgenerator (2) wird hierbei anstelle eines Paares gegenäufiger Wirbel (11) nur ein Nachlaufwirbel (11) an der gepfeilten Seite erzeugt. Im Ergebnis wird der Hauptströmung (1) ein Drall aufgezwungen. It is advantageous to use the vortex generators shown here (2) to be arranged symmetrically and parallel to the direction of flow. Swirl-like vortices (11) are thus generated. Regardless of this, it is of course also within the framework the invention to design the vortex generators (2) asymmetrically, for example in the form of a half vortex generator, in which only one of the two side surfaces (3) or (4) fixed with an arrow angle α / 2 on the channel wall (6) whereas the other side surface (3) or (4) is parallel is aligned to the direction of flow. In contrast to the symmetrical Vortex generator (2) is used instead of one Pair of opposite vertebrae (11) only one trailing vertebra (11) generated on the arrowed side. As a result, the main flow (1) a spin imposed.
- 11
- Hauptströmungmainstream
- 22
- Wirbelgeneratorvortex generator
- 33
- Seitenflächeside surface
- 44
- Seitenflächeside surface
- 55
- Dachflächeroof
- 66
- Kanalwandchannel wall
- 77
- Stosskanteabutment edge
- 88th
- Stosskanteabutment edge
- 99
- Abströmkantetrailing edge
- 1010
- Abströmkantetrailing edge
- 1111
- Nachlaufwirbelwake vortex
- 1212
- Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
- 1313
- Sekundärströmungsecondary flow
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10233111 | 2002-07-20 | ||
| DE10233111 | 2002-07-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1382379A2 true EP1382379A2 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
| EP1382379A3 EP1382379A3 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
| EP1382379B1 EP1382379B1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
Family
ID=29762099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03405505A Expired - Fee Related EP1382379B1 (en) | 2002-07-20 | 2003-07-07 | Process for controlling the downstream flowpattern of a vortex generator |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040037162A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1382379B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004069061A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10330023A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1382379B1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
| DE10330023A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| EP1382379A3 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
| US20040037162A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| DE50307355D1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
| JP2004069061A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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