Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
  • B41F13/004—Electric or hydraulic features of drives
  • B41F13/0045—Electric driving devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
  • B41F13/08—Cylinders
  • B41F13/10—Forme cylinders
  • B41F13/12—Registering devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for register control on processing machines of material webs according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Such a machine has transport and processing stations, for example with driven, corresponding rollers.
• transport and processing stations for example with driven, corresponding rollers.
• driven, corresponding rollers for example with driven, corresponding rollers.
• Such methods are used, for example, in rotary printing machines, paper processing machines or sheet-fed printing machines, if an already processed or printed paper web is to be further processed or printed (insetting), so that the subsequent processing steps must take place at a longitudinal position which is precisely aligned with respect to, for example, an existing print on the paper web. This ensures that, for example, two printing motifs applied one after the other coincide in a predetermined relative position on the paper. To achieve this, interacting transport and processing axes are corrected relative to each other by means of register control.
• the master axis function corresponds to an instantaneous position of, for example, a virtual, ie electronically generated or real master axis. For example, it can reproduce the time course of the current position, ie the angular position of the leading axis; however, it can also include the time course of the rotational speed or other parameters corresponding to the current position of the leading axis. In particular, it is an electronic, chronological setpoint sequence.
• each axis and its controller must be parameterized individually and optimized with regard to the correction movements and the synchronicity with the other axes.
• the effort involved in commissioning is high; the provision of a correspondingly large number of individual register regulators is additionally associated with high outlay on equipment and leads to high costs.
• the synchronicity of the axes to be corrected is not always satisfactory, since naturally there can be mechanical and electronic differences between the individual register controllers. This can lead to fluctuations in the web tension.
• the invention offers the advantage that any number of axes can be controlled synchronously with only one register controller. This reduces the expenditure on equipment and considerably simplifies commissioning.
• a method for register control according to the invention automatically leads to a maximum degree of synchronism of the correction movements while maintaining these advantages.
• a common, in particular temporal, correction function is derived from a common scan for several axes to be corrected.
• This correction function is followed by all axes of a group of axes following the register, which correspond in terms of register correction.
• the entire information of all correction movements is contained in the uniform correction function with respect to all axes of the group.
• a group of register-following axes that correspond to one another only includes axes that are to be regulated with a common register controller, for which the same register correction and the same scanning are therefore decisive.
• Rotary presses can do some or all of the axes of a processing tower, For example, be a printing tower or axes of different processing towers, between which the material web is not cut / not interrupted.
• the invention furthermore makes it possible for the first time to have a multiplicity of axes in accordance with only one register controller while maintaining one
• the correction movement can be made available directly and thus quickly on the corresponding axes if the correction function essentially only contains the corrections with respect to the leading axis function and as such for Register correction is used. Due to the practically immediate use of the correction signal, this can be determined with a relatively small computing capacity, in particular with little computing effort.
• this link can be made centrally and uniformly as part of a register regulation and transmitted to the corresponding axes as a register sequence master axis function;
• Such a register sequence leading axis function can then follow the individual axes practically directly and immediately, without decentralized derivations - which are associated with increased computing effort - having to be carried out on the individual axes.
• the register sequence leading axis function then contains practically all data for each axis in a uniform signal.
• leading axis function Since the technical precautions for the provision and transmission of a leading axis function must be taken anyway, this is a natural solution for the method according to the invention, which can be easily integrated into the existing drive structures / controller structures. There are then two leading axis functions - namely the unchanged and the register sequence leading axis function - for which the computing and transmission capacities are usually already available.
• Deviations the amount by which the material web "runs out of the register", that is the measure of the deviations from the specification by the register marks
• the type of correction function must be selected.
• the invention is already suitable for a large number of applications in which the deviation is practically constant if the correction function comprises a position offset, determined by the scanning of the register marks, relative to the current position of the leading axis.
• the correction function then essentially consists of a constant position offset or a position offset that changes according to the scanning of the register marks.
• a register sequence leading axis function has a correspondingly either constant or - preferably comparatively slowly changing time - deviation from the leading axis.
• the correction function comprises a function determined by the scanning of the register marks and corresponding to a gear ratio with respect to the leading axis.
• this corresponds to a pure gear ratio, which can also be constant or according to the
• Sampling changes over time.
• this corresponds to a register sequence leading axis function, which is derived from the (higher) leading axis function with a gear ratio.
• a simplification namely a possible restriction to only two methods of deriving the correction function / the temporal register sequence leading axis function, is provided by the above-mentioned configurations, but by means of which the invention is practically suitable for all occurring applications.
• any remaining deviations between axes of a group are minimized by scanning practically in a central area - based on the longitudinal direction of the material web - of the axes following the register.
• the possible remaining deviations have - as seen in the longitudinal direction of the material web - usually a continuous course, i. H. they are practically zero at the sampling point or at the sensor location, since the register control relates to this sensor. Measured in the longitudinal direction, they are usually strictly monotonous and change their sign at the sensor location.
• the said sampling point is the place where the scanning practically leads to the smallest possible maximum amount of the individual deviations on the axes of the group and at the same time also to the smallest sum of the amounts of the deviations of the individual axes from the corresponding target value.
• Transport axes of the group significantly, so that according to the invention with large Synchronicity will be corrected. This leads to an extremely precise, common correction of the transport axes relative to the machining axes.
• Machining axes are the same; however, deviations that can be different for different machining axes can also be eliminated.
• the latter relates in particular to any remaining deviation that can arise from the distance of a machining axis from the sensor location (corresponding to the one stated above).
• a simple and effective correction in the above sense can be achieved in that the longitudinal error per unit length of the material web and for each processing axis to be corrected determines its longitudinal distance from the scanning point and the correction of the relevant processing axis is essentially formed by the product of the longitudinal error and the longitudinal distance. Since, as a rule, the material web is divided into individual products after processing, it is proposed that the material web be subdivided into individual products of a predetermined product length, the longitudinal error per product length being determined and the correction of the processing axis in question essentially being the product of longitudinal error per product length and quotient: longitudinal distance / product length is formed. This procedure is simplified computing capacity with regard to the required computing power. It naturally also leads to a better coincidence (see above), since the deviation is related to the product length. The product length is anyway the decisive factor for the machining axes, so that the calculation and implementation of the corresponding correction can be carried out easily and precisely.
• the above-mentioned additional correction can be implemented in that a plurality of machining axes to be corrected form a group according to claim 1.
• the number of required correction calculations is reduced - usually by the number of axes that are combined to form a group or groups, reduced by the number of such groups.
• the possible capacities of the method are fully utilized if at least one axis independent of the register is provided which follows the temporal master axis function. Then two or more master axis functions are provided, which are integrated in the system and are used by respectively associated axes, i. This means that the associated axes follow the respective leading axis function (or register sequence leading axis function).
• FIG. 1 a shows a schematic illustration of a processing machine with a register controller and a drive system for carrying out the method according to the invention
• FIG. 1 b shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1 a with the details of the register controller
• 2 shows a diagram of a master axis function, a register sequence master axis function and a correction function.
• FIG. 1 shows - schematically for simplicity - a processing machine 1 for processing a material web 2. It is a rotary printing machine, consisting of a plurality of driven rollers 33, each with associated pressure rollers 34.
• the processing machine 1 has an input transport station which is essentially formed by the transport axis 3 with its two rollers 33. At the other end (seen in the longitudinal direction 23) there is an output transport axis 4, also consisting of two interacting rollers 33. Between the transport axes 3, 4 there are four processing stations 5, 6, 7, 8, hereinafter simply for the sake of simplicity Machining axes 5,6,7,8 designated.
• axis is used here for the corresponding station with the associated rollers 33, their motors M and the associated drive 9.
• the term axis is to be distinguished in particular from the physical axis of rotation 35, 36 of the respective rollers 33, 34.
• the transport axes 3, 4 shown and the machining axes 5, 6, 7, 8 interacting therewith are each driven by an associated individual drive 9.
• This replaces a continuous mechanical shaft (vertical shaft).
• the individual drives 9 receive master axis signal data (see below) via a data bus 28.
• the axes 5, 6, 7, 8 follow a temporal master axis function 12 which is fed into the data bus 28 and transmitted to the individual drives 9 via this. Deviations are caused by the
• (Optical) sensor 29 can be scanned.
• a correction to the leading axis function 12 in the register controller 30 is then calculated from the scanning, which initially only acts on the register-following axes 3, 4.
• no register correction of the other machining axes 5,6,7,8 is provided (but this can also be done, see below), so that the register correction corresponds to a relative correction between the transport axes 3,4 and the machining axes 5,6,7,8.
• leading axis L (unaffected by the register correction) is only symbolized here by a circle. It is irrelevant to the invention whether this is a virtual leading axis, the instantaneous position of which is generated purely electronically, or a so-called real leading axis, the instantaneous position of which is obtained by scanning an actually physically existing mechanical shaft or by feedback from a Drive is given.
• Transport axes 3, 4 formed, which correspond in terms of register correction, as explained in more detail above.
• This group 15 of register-following axes 3, 4, only a common scanning takes place. This takes place at only one scanning point 44 by the sensor 29, which can be, for example, a photodiode or a CCD camera with a downstream evaluation electronics for recognizing the register marks.
• a correction function 16 which is also common with respect to group 15 of register-following axes 3, 4, is derived from the common scanning. This can be formed from the fact that the local deviation, its derivation (that is the speed) or corresponding functions are formed from a target-actual comparison in accordance with the scanning of the register marks.
• the correction function is formed by comparing the scanning result with the target value S and / or the leading axis function 12, which is fed into a computing element 31 together with the scanning signal from the sensor 29.
• the setpoint S contains the information at which relative position with regard to the leading axis function 12 and / or the machining axes 5,6,7,8 on the material web, the register marks are to be located at the scanning point 44.
• a register sequence leading axis function 17 is derived from the control deviation (corresponding to the correction function 16) formed in the computing element 31 (see FIG. 1b). For the sake of clarity, this is shown schematically with an incline that differs greatly from the gradient of the leading axis function 12.
• the master axis function 12 is fed into the register controller 30.
• the linking of the correction function 16 with the leading axis function 12 is also carried out in the register controller 30 according to the invention.
• both the (unchanged) leading axis function 12 and the one formed from the correction function 16 can be used on all individual drives 9
• Register sequence master axis function 17 are provided, the respective drive 9 being controlled or addressed / addressed only in accordance with a changeable setting by the predetermined, corresponding master axis function 12 / register sequence master axis function 17. This guarantees the freedom of choice that practically every axis 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 depends on the (pre-) setting of any of the provided master axis functions 12, 17 or the correction function 16 after processing / adaptation - for example in the relevant one Drive controller 10 can follow.
• the respective master axis function 12, 17 or the correction function 16 is then processed in the drive controller 10 and the respective motor M is accordingly synchronized / corrected via the power electronics 11 according to its specification.
• a leading axis function is used to synchronize the existing axes
• a function f (A, S, L) is first calculated in detail from the setpoint S, leading axis function 12 or leading axis L and a scanning signal A in the computing element 31.
• it is a (preferably current / updated) specification according to which the register sequence leading axis function 17 is derived from the leading axis function 12 via the parameter line 42.
• an offset adder 20 and / or a gear element 21 are provided for the derivation of the register sequence master axis function 17, which are / are addressed by the computing element 31 via the parameter lines 42.
• Position offsets 19 and / or the gear ratio for the gear member 21 are calculated and preferably updated in the context of the clock rate involved and the expected time constant for the control system.
• the parameters required to form this function are thus passed to the links 20, 21 via the parameter line 42.
• All parameters can also be dimensioned or specified such that the elements 20 and / or 21 are indifferent and the register sequence leading axis function 17 is essentially the same as the leading axis function 12.
• Both existing master axis functions 12, 17 are forwarded via the respective master axis generators 40, 41 (eg software in the arithmetic unit) to the data bus 28 with the appropriate addressing.
• the addressing is not discussed in more detail here; however, it takes place selectively for each individual drive 9 in accordance with its parameters, namely the distance of the associated axes 3, 4 from the scanning point 44, etc. This will be discussed in more detail below.
• a correction function 16 can also be provided, which essentially only contains the corrections compared to the master axis function 12 and which - for the axes 3, 4 of the group 15 - is directly applied as a correction to the global synchronization cycle of the master axis function 12 the respective drive 9 - acts.
• processing axes 5, 8 can also be combined to form a group 43. This has its own effect, e.g. additional register-following master axis function. All machining axes 5,6,7,8 could also be combined into one group. Here, the machining axes 5, 8 that are furthest away from the scanning point 44 are combined to form a group 43, since any (residual) deviation according to the above-mentioned becomes particularly large for them. Concerning. of the register-following axes 3, 4, 5, 8 of the groups 15, 43, the scanning takes place practically in a central area 22 in relation to the longitudinal direction 23 of the material web 2, i.e. practically in the middle between the mentioned axes. As a result, any remaining (register deviations between the register-following axes) are minimized.
• the machining axes 5, 8 of group 43 are affected by a simple correction with regard to the computational complexity. This is formed by the fact that
• Material web is divided into products 25 of a product length 26, which in the present case corresponds to the distance between the register marks 14 (not necessarily the case).
• the longitudinal error 27 (exaggerated here) per product length 26 is determined by means of the register control.
• FIG. 2 shows a diagram of various leading axis functions 12, 17, 37 and a correction function 16.
• the instantaneous position is plotted in angular degrees over time t.
• the register sequence leading axis function 17 and the Register sequence guide axis function 37 are examples of from the unchanged
• the register sequence leading axis function 37 consists of only one position offset 19 compared to the leading axis function 12.
• the register sequence leading axis function 17 has a transmission derivation from the leading axis function 12; As a result, the register sequence leading axis function 17 has a different slope than the leading axis function 12 and thus also a different period 39 compared to the period 38 of the leading axis function 12. Because of the greater slope of the register sequence leading axis function 17, the associated period 39 is shorter.
• a correction function 16 is also shown in FIG. 2. This only reproduces the corrections with respect to the master axis function 12, about which the register-following axes 3, 4, 5, 8 may be corrected. Instead of the instantaneous position ⁇ in angular degrees, for example an angular velocity could also be provided as the encoder signal for the corresponding master axis functions / correction functions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
• Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-04-06 DE DE10117454A patent/DE10117454A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2002
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