EP1365121B1 - Abgaskrümmer für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Abgaskrümmers - Google Patents
Abgaskrümmer für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Abgaskrümmers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1365121B1 EP1365121B1 EP03004679A EP03004679A EP1365121B1 EP 1365121 B1 EP1365121 B1 EP 1365121B1 EP 03004679 A EP03004679 A EP 03004679A EP 03004679 A EP03004679 A EP 03004679A EP 1365121 B1 EP1365121 B1 EP 1365121B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- outer shell
- braze
- manifold
- exhaust pipes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/102—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds having thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/22—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine with at least one exhaust pipe, one of the exhaust pipes receiving outer shell and at least one with the exhaust pipes and motor flange connected to the outer shell for connecting the Exhaust manifold with the internal combustion engine.
- Such exhaust manifolds have between exhaust pipe and engine flange as well as between outer shell and engine flange and / or between outer shell and exhaust pipe on a welded connection. This occurs Problem on that foreign particles such as spatter in the exhaust manifold remain, later in the operation of subsequent components such as catalysts and turbocharger damage. To avoid this, Such exhaust manifolds are sometimes also with laser welded joints produced. But this is expensive and requires a relatively large Effort for the exact production of the components to be joined together.
- DE-C-197 21 092 relates to a single-walled exhaust manifold, in which the exhaust pipes are welded into nozzles, which in turn with are connected to the motor flange.
- Another single-walled exhaust manifold is known from DE-A-198 27 276. Again, the exhaust pipes connected to exhaust nozzles, which in turn connected to the motor flange are.
- EP-A-0 178 430 also shows a single-walled one Exhaust manifold with pipe socket. The neck can also be on be molded on the motor flange.
- the invention is based on the object, an exhaust manifold of the above specify the type and a method of producing it, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. In particular, should Foreign particles are avoided in the manifold.
- connection between the Exhaust pipes and the engine flanges and between the exhaust pipes and the outer shell and / or between the outer shell and the engine flanges is designed as a solder joint.
- the soldering process can be characterized in that between the parts to be soldered on a solder gap coordinated interference fit is available. On the one hand, this can make a close Soldering can be achieved, resulting in a relatively large distribution of the Lots leads.
- the connection between the parts is not like that when welding, linear but flat, reducing the strength is increased.
- the parts to be soldered together thereby securely positioned until the soldering is completed.
- the solder joints arranged at a protected position relative to the exhaust gas stream.
- the solder joints can be on a side facing away from the exhaust stream Side of the exhaust pipe or viewed in the exhaust gas flow direction behind a Be arranged paragraph.
- the solder joints are thereby in operation the exhaust system does not flow directly from the exhaust stream and remain Accordingly, relatively cool. This makes it possible, even at relative Hot exhaust gases to use a solder joint at exhaust manifolds.
- the solder joints in arranged a groove whose opening points away from Abgasström.
- the Soldering can be better protected from the exhaust stream and kept cool accordingly.
- Such a design is especially in engines with high exhaust temperatures such as gasoline engines advantageous.
- Another way to solder joints against the exhaust stream too protect consists of the passage openings of the motor flanges for the exhaust stream in such a stepped form that they are in the flow direction expand, and the exhaust pipes and / or the outer shell against to arrange the step pushed. As a result, the assembly is simplified.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention also results then, when the motor flanges around their passages around each have a groove into which the exhaust pipes and / or the outer shell the exhaust pipes are inserted.
- the solder can thus be good the exhaust gas are protected and the assembly is very simple possible.
- the outer shell of the exhaust manifold according to the invention exists in known and advantageously preferred from two half-shells. According to the invention, these two half-shells with each other be soldered. This can also at this point a welding process and so that the formation of impurities can be avoided. moreover The compounds can be produced in a single operation become.
- outlet flange of the exhaust manifold is preferred with the Exhaust pipes and / or the outer shell soldered. As before, this will the emergence of impurities avoided and the simultaneous Production of all compounds in a single operation allows.
- solder for example, a copper solder with a melting temperature of about 1083 ° C, a copper-nickel solder with a melting temperature of 1085 ° C to 1100 ° C or a high-temperature nickel solder with a Melting temperature of about 1000 ° C can be used.
- the Exhaust pipes and the motor flange and / or the outer shell by soldering connected with each other.
- the two half-shells the outer shell with each other and the exhaust pipes and / or the Outer shell preferably soldered to the outlet flange. This can advantageously together in a single operation in one Soldering oven done.
- the parts to be soldered together before soldering in particular firmly fixed against each other. This can simplify installation and a firm and tight soldering can be ensured.
- the solder in the gap is preferably set the smallest possible Lotspalt.
- This can be the inner component expanded at a Lotstelle against the outer component be, for example by means of an expanding mandrel.
- the solder gap is thereby preferably to less than 0.2 mm, in particular between about 0.02 and 0.015 mm. These values are especially good for good soldering suitable exposed.
- the soldering temperature is preferably between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C, depending to Lot.
- a copper solder for example, it is between approx. 1100 ° C and 1150 ° C, with a copper-nickel solder about 1120 ° C and at a high temperature nickel solder about 1040 ° C.
- the soldering becomes common In a controlled atmosphere, in particular hydrogen, or in vacuo carried out.
- the exhaust manifold shown in Fig. 1 comprises three exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3, which are connected at one end to a respective motor flange 4 are.
- the other ends of the exhaust pipes 1 and 2 are in the one Inserted end of a manifold 5, the other end together with the other end of the third exhaust pipe 3 in the one end of a another collection tube 6 is inserted.
- All exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 and the manifolds 5 and 6 are in one Housed outer shell 7, which is formed by two half-shells 8 and 9 is.
- the outer shell 7 is together with the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 in the motor flanges 4 and together with the second manifold 6 in an outlet flange 10 is inserted.
- the outer shell 7 is fixedly connected to the outlet flange 10, while the second manifold 6 is arranged cantilevered.
- the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 fixedly connected to the motor flanges 4.
- they have a gradation widening in the exhaust gas flow direction I. 11, so that a receptacle is formed, in which the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 are inserted together with the outer shell 7.
- the exhaust gas passages 12 of the motor flanges 4 are each flush with the inner walls 21 of the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 are formed.
- solder joints between the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 with the motor flanges 4 and the outer shell 7 in the region of the motor flanges 4 and the connection of the outer shell 7 with the outlet flange 10 and the connection between the two half-shells 8 and 9 the outer shell 7 are formed as solder joints.
- a possible Type of solder joint on the motor flanges 4 is shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and FIG. 4.
- Variant has the gradation 11 of the motor flange 4 an inclined wall 13, which in an exhaust gas flow direction I extending wall 14 passes. Then extended to the wall 14 the exhaust passage opening 12 of the motor flange 4 again under Forming another inclined wall 15.
- the outer shell 7 and the Exhaust pipe 1 illustrated here by way of example are designed such that they on the one hand abut each other and on the other hand on the wall 14. In addition the outer shell 7 has hit against the sloping wall 13. there exists between the outer shell 7 and the motor flange 4 a press fit, by which the said parts frictionally against each other be fixed.
- solder 17 As a paste be applied.
- the solder joint made, the Lot 17 due to capillary action in the Gap 18 between the motor flange 4 and outer shell 7 and in the gap 19 between outer shell 7 and exhaust pipe 1 is sucked. Thereby creates a large-scale connection, resulting in a high durability leads.
- the gradation 11 of the motor flange 4 just trained. That is, the wall 13 is perpendicular to the Wall 14.
- the sloping wall 15 is also smaller here. Otherwise, the design is right with the embodiment of FIG. 2 match.
- the motor flange 4 is in the range its exhaust passage opening 12 provided with a groove 20, the opening 22 in the exhaust gas flow direction I points.
- the groove 20 are the exhaust pipe 1 and the outer shell 7 is inserted, in which case the outer shell 7 opposite the exhaust pipe 1 is arranged offset back, so that in turn a receptacle 16 for Lot 17 is created.
- Another shot 16 is also here by an inclined wall 15 following the wall 14 formed.
- a solder ring is used. The rest of the structure and the effect is again as in the Variant of FIG. 2.
- Such an exhaust manifold can be used in particular as a diesel manifold, because the exhaust gas temperatures are lower here.
- Using but a correspondingly higher melting solder is also the use possible with petrol engines.
- a use of the solder joints is also due to the hidden arrangement of the solder joints by the Paragraph 11 or the groove 20 in the motor flange 4 reached.
- One possible Low heating of the solder joint is also promoted by the fact that the Exhaust passage opening 12 of the motor flange 4 flush with the inner wall 21 of the exhaust pipes 1, 2 and 3 is formed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmer,
- Fig. 2
- eine erste Variante einer Lötstelle,
- Fig. 3
- eine zweite Variante einer Lötstelle, und
- Fig. 4
- eine dritte Variante einer Lötstelle.
- 1
- Abgasrohr
- 2
- Abgasrohr
- 3
- Abgasrohr
- 4
- Motorflansch
- 5
- Sammelrohr
- 6
- Sammelrohr
- 7
- Außenschale
- 8
- Halbschale
- 9
- Halbschale
- 10
- Austrittsflansch
- 11
- Stufung
- 12
- Abgasdurchtrittsöffnung
- 13
- Wand
- 14
- Wand
- 15
- Wand
- 16
- Aufnahme
- 17
- Lot
- 18
- Spalt
- 19
- Spalt
- 20
- Nut
- 21
- Innenwand
- 22
- Öffnung
- I
- Abgasstromrichtung
Claims (10)
- Abgaskrümmer für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einem Abgasrohr (1, 2, 3), einer die Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) aufnehmenden Außenschale (7) und mindestens einem mit den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und mit der Außenschale (7) verbundenen Motorflansch (4) zur Verbindung des Abgaskrümmers mit dem Verbrennungsmotor,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und den Motorflanschen (4) sowie zwischen den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und der Außenschale (7) und/oder zwischen der Außenschale (7) und den Motorflanschen (4) als Lötverbindung ausgebildet ist. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den miteinander zu verlötenden Teilen ein auf Lötnaht abgestimmter Presssitz und/oder eine oder mehrere Heftschweißstellen vorhanden sind. - Abgaskrümmer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lötstellen an einer gegenüber dem Abgasstrom geschützten Stelle angeordnet sind, insbesondere auf einer dem Abgasstrom abgewandten Seite des Abgasrohres (1, 2, 3) oder in Abgasstromrichtung (I) betrachtet hinter einem Absatz (11) oder in einer Nut (20), deren Öffnung (22) in Abgasstromrichtung (I) weist. - Abgaskrümmer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchtrittsöffnungen (12) der Motorflansche (4) für den Abgasstrom derart gestuft ausgebildet sind, dass sie sich in Strömungsrichtung (I) erweitern und dass die Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) und/oder die Außenschale (7) jeweils gegen die Stufe (11) gestoßen angeordnet sind, wobei die Durchtrittsöffnungen (12) der Motorflansche (4) bevorzugt jeweils bündig mit den Innenwänden (21) der Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) ausgebildet sind, oder dass die Motorflansche (4) um ihre Durchtrittsöffnung (12) herum jeweils eine Nut (20) aufweisen, in welche das Abgasrohr (1, 2, 3) und/oder die Außenschale (7) eingesteckt sind. - Abgaskrümmer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenschale (7) aus zwei miteinander verlöteten Halbschalen (8, 9) besteht und/oder dass der Austrittsflansch (10) des Abgaskrümmers mit den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und/oder mit der Außenschale (7) verlötet ist. - Abgaskrümmer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Lot ein Kupfer-Lot, ein Kupfer-Nickel-Lot oder ein Hochtemperatur-Nickel-Lot verwendet ist. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abgaskrümmers für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einem Abgasrohr (1, 2, 3), einer die Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) aufnehmenden Außenschale (7) und mindestens einem mit den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und mit der Außenschale (7) verbundenen Motorflansch (4) zur Verbindung des Abgaskrümmers mit dem Verbrennungsmotor,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) und die Motorflansche (4) sowie die Abgasrohre (1, 2, 3) und die Außenschale (7) und/oder die Außenschale (7) und die Motorflansche (4) durch Löten miteinander verbunden werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer aus zwei Halbschalen (8, 9) bestehenden Außenschale (7) auch diese miteinander verlötet werden und/oder dass bei Abgaskrümmern mit Austrittsflansch (10) auch dieser mit den Abgasrohren (1, 2, 3) und/oder der Außenschale (7) durch Löten verbunden wird und/oder dass die miteinander zu verlötenden Teile (1, 4, 7) vor dem Löten gegeneinander kraftschlüssig fixiert oder geheftet werden, wobei jeweils insbesondere ein kleiner Lotspalt (18, 19) eingestellt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das innere Bauteil (1, 7) gegen das äußere Bauteil (7, 4) aufgeweitet wird, insbesondere mittels eines Aufweitdorns, und/oder dass ein Lotspalt (18, 19) kleiner als 0,2 mm, insbesondere zwischen ca. 0,02 mm und ca. 0,15 mm eingestellt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Löten bei einer Temperatur von ca. 800°C bis ca. 1200°C, insbesondere bei ca. 1000°C erfolgt und/oder dass als Lot ein Kupfer-Lot, ein Kupfer-Nickel-Lot oder Hochtemperatur-Nickel-Lot verwendet wird und/oder dass die Lötverbindungen, insbesondere alle gemeinsam, in einem Lötofen ausgeführt werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10218103A DE10218103A1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | Abgaskrümmer für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Abgaskrümmers |
| DE10218103 | 2002-04-23 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1365121A1 EP1365121A1 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
| EP1365121B1 true EP1365121B1 (de) | 2005-08-03 |
| EP1365121B2 EP1365121B2 (de) | 2010-11-03 |
Family
ID=29264785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03004679A Expired - Lifetime EP1365121B2 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-03-03 | Abgaskrümmer für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Abgaskrümmers |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1365121B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE301240T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10218103A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2243819T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008047076A1 (de) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fügebauteil und Wärmetauscher |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10352484B2 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2019-07-16 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies Germany Gmbh | Exhaust system |
| DE102005025735B3 (de) * | 2005-06-04 | 2006-09-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Schweißverbund |
| DE102007035849A1 (de) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Verfahren zum Lötverbinden eines ersten Metallteils mit einem zweiten Metallteil und so hergestelltes gelötetes Metallbauteil |
| US7975473B2 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2011-07-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Exhaust manifold assembly |
| DE102008017625B4 (de) | 2008-04-04 | 2013-05-16 | Tenneco Gmbh | Teilstück für eine Abgasanlage eines Verbrennungsmotors und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE102009001542A1 (de) | 2009-03-13 | 2010-10-07 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | Zylinderkopf für einen Saugmotor und Verwendung eines derartigen Zylinderkopfes |
| JP2013185498A (ja) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-19 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | エキゾースト・マニホールド |
| DE102014103809A1 (de) | 2014-03-20 | 2015-12-03 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Abgaskrümmer für eine Abgasanlage eines Verbrennungsmotors |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB873135A (en) † | 1956-08-01 | 1961-07-19 | Marc Marie Paul Rene De La Fou | Improvements in or relating to engine exhaust systems |
| DE3434288A1 (de) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-03-20 | Erhardt Bischoff GmbH & Co KG Fabrik für Kraftfahrzeugteile, 7067 Plüderhausen | Auspuffkruemmer |
| US4829944A (en) † | 1986-06-25 | 1989-05-16 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Intake manifold and process for producing same |
| US4873823A (en) † | 1989-04-03 | 1989-10-17 | Mcinerney Incorporated | Air injection pipe assembly and method of making |
| DE4025652A1 (de) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-05-02 | Hermanns Gebr Kremo Werke | Aufsteckflansch fuer rohrleitungen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| DE29518189U1 (de) † | 1995-02-03 | 1996-01-18 | Loup, Rudolf, 73655 Plüderhausen | Abgaskrümmersystem |
| US5929262A (en) † | 1995-03-30 | 1999-07-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Method for preparing 17α-acetoxy-11β-(4-N, N-dimethylaminophyl)-19-Norpregna-4,9-diene-3, 20-dione, intermediates useful in the method, and methods for the preparation of such intermediates |
| JPH0988581A (ja) † | 1995-09-28 | 1997-03-31 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | 排気マニホルドの製造方法 |
| DE19721092C1 (de) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-09-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Gebauter Auspuffkrümmer, insbesondere für Abgasleitungen von Brennkraftmaschinen |
| DE19827276A1 (de) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-08 | Wolfgang Kleiner | Abgaskrümmerflansch für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
| DE19819946A1 (de) † | 1998-05-05 | 1999-11-11 | Boysen Friedrich Gmbh Co Kg | Abgaskrümmer |
| DE19916943A1 (de) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-04 | Vukic Roland | Flanschvorrichtung |
| DE19940140A1 (de) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-11 | Wolfgang Kleiner | Abgaskrümmerflansch für eine Verbrennungsmaschine |
| DE10031903C1 (de) † | 2000-06-30 | 2001-11-22 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
-
2002
- 2002-04-23 DE DE10218103A patent/DE10218103A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-03-03 DE DE50300895T patent/DE50300895D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-03 EP EP03004679A patent/EP1365121B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-03 ES ES03004679T patent/ES2243819T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-03 AT AT03004679T patent/ATE301240T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008047076A1 (de) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fügebauteil und Wärmetauscher |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2243819T3 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
| EP1365121B2 (de) | 2010-11-03 |
| EP1365121A1 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
| ATE301240T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
| DE50300895D1 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
| DE10218103A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
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