EP1362679B1 - Chipping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The rotor casing has a maximum radius (RM) at an axial position spaced from the respective end settings and the end radii (RE) of the casing at the two axial end settings are less than this maximum radius and/or the counter-cutters comprise a number of cutter strips (GK) forming a chop material mounting which expands against the direction of the turning rotor. The maximum radius in the axial direction lies approximately in the middle between two end settings and the rotor casing itself runs mirror-symmetrically to the center plane (MB). The maximum radius of the casing diminishes steadily towards the end settings and the end radius (RE) amounts to 45% of the maximum radius.

Description

The invention relates to a chopping machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such a chipper is known for example from the US 4776375 A and from the DE 41 26 910 C1 , In the known chipper machine, the knife edges describe an approximately circular cylindrical rotor surface. The knife edges are strongly inclined to the axis-parallel generatrices and the planes of the blades are tilted relative to the rotor axis.

A chipper with a conical rotor and obliquely to the rotor axis extending feed direction is from the US 3,375,859 known.

In the US 4,776,375 a chopping machine is described, whose rotor consists of a circular cylindrical drum and a plurality of Messerblökken mounted on this. The knife blocks are offset from each other in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction and each have a central and two lateral cutting, the lateral cutting having a smaller distance from the drum than the central cutting edge. The fixed counter knife contains, in accordance with the axial offset of the knife blocks in the axial direction, a plurality of radially alternately stepped knife sections.

At one in the US 2 697 557 described chopping machine, the rotor is designed as a disc with a plurality of substantially radial cutting, in front of which a counter knife blade is fixedly arranged. A feeder includes a tube which is inclined at an angle to the plane of the rotor disc and tapers downwardly in a V-shape.

The US 3,319,673 shows a chipper with wound on a circular cylindrical rotor knife edges. The rotor can also be subdivided into several identical sub-rotors. In an arrangement known from CH 379 107, a plurality of disks with blades of small axial extent are assembled to form an axially wider rotor package.

The present invention has for its object to provide an advantageous such chopping machine with improved smoothness of the rotor.

The invention is described in claim 1. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

It turns out, surprisingly, that a chipper machine according to the invention runs much quieter and requires less drive power than a conventional chopping machine of the type described above.

The surface described as a rotor casing of the cutting edges of the blade assembly rotating about the rotor axis is preferably mirror-symmetrical with respect to a median plane lying in the axial direction in the middle between the two end positions. The radius of the rotor shell varies from the maximum radius monotonously, in particular continuously to the end radii. In particular, the rotor shell may have a substantially biconical shape. The counter blade arrangement follows with its counter edges at a small distance from the contour of the rotor shell.

The counter knife arrangement, on which the wood chips are supported, advantageously forms with several counter knife strips an upwardly widening receptacle, in which the typically elongated wood chips rests self-centering under the action of gravity. The acceptance angle is upwards perpendicular to the feed direction of the wood chips advantageously between 135 ° and 170 °. Due to the large acceptance angle, the vertical distance to the counter-blades in the center, where the counter-blades converge towards one another, is advantageously low, even in the case of wood chips with a large diameter.

In another advantageous embodiment, the counter-knife arrangement forms an opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor expanding receptacle for the wood chips, so that this pressed during the chopping process under the action of the forces exerted by the knife assembly forces towards the center of Aufname and thus centered by the hacking process itself in the counter-blade arrangement and is stabilized in position. The measure of the radii of the rotor shell which reduce towards the axial end positions on the one hand and the receptacle that widens counter to the direction of rotation of the rotor can be implemented independently of one another or even combined.

The individual opposing edges of the counter knife strips are preferably straight. In particular, the counter knife arrangement can have exactly two counter knife strips. These are then preferably inclined against the tangential direction of the rotor shell in the counter blade arrangement by a deviating from 90 ° edge inclination angle.

In a corresponding manner, the cutting edges of the knife assembly are preferably straight. Also, the cutting edges can advantageously be inclined against the tangential direction of the rotor shell at the respective knife edge by 90 ° different cutting angle of inclination. The orientation of the knife blades with respect to the tangential direction is advantageously different from the orientation of the cutting edges with respect to the tangential direction, so that cutting edges and counter edges are moved past each other with the inclusion of a shear angle. The inclination of cutting edges and associated mating edges may be mirror symmetric with respect to a plane containing the rotor axis. The shearing action is particularly advantageous in hard inclusions in wood chips, for example, metal pieces (nails) in demolition wood, which shows that the formation of such a shear angle, the cutting edges of the blades are less stressed.

In the case of curved mating edges or cutting edges, the average course and the tangential direction at the middle of the mating edge or cutting edge can be used as a measure in a corresponding manner.

The knife assembly preferably includes a plurality of individual blades, which describe axially successive, possibly overlapping portions of the rotor shell and / or which are arranged angularly offset about the rotor axis, preferably with a uniform angular approach.

The knives are connected via a carrier arrangement with the driven rotor shaft, which is advantageously mounted axially on both sides of the rotor shell. The connection with the rotor shaft preferably takes place via carrier disks, on which base plates are fixedly and in a defined orientation, on which in turn knife plates are fastened. The blade plates are advantageously removably attached to the base plates releasably secured to allow the exact alignment of the opposite edges of the counter strips in the counter blade assembly and in particular to be able to reuse the blades when worn by regrinding can. For this purpose, a guide between knife plates and base plates or be provided on those involved elements. The adjustment is preferably carried out in a direction perpendicular to a straight cutting edge direction in the blade plate plane.

The supply of the wood chips in the feeder is typically horizontal, but may also be inclined so that the wood chips move under the influence of gravity in the direction of the rotor or is promoted uphill. In particular, in the case of a mirror-symmetrical rotor mantle to a center plane, the feed direction is preferably perpendicular to the rotor axis and / or a centering device aligned with the center plane is provided in the feed device. The centering device advantageously has elements which form a downwardly narrowed channel with oblique abutment surfaces on both sides, wherein these abutment surfaces advantageously merge steplessly with the opposing strips of the counterblade assembly. An upwardly opposite, the direction of rotation of the rotor opposite widening counter-blade arrangement may also be advantageous in conjunction with a straight edge knife a cylindrical tube shell.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Hackmaschine,

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht von Rotormantel und Gegenmesseranordnung mit Blickrichtung A nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht von Rotormantel und Gegenmesseranordnung mit Blickrichtung B nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht von Gegenmesseranordnung und Zuführeinrichtung mit Blickrichtung C entgegen der Zuführeinrichtung,

Fig. 5

eine erste Messeranordnung in Richtung der Rotorachse,

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht zu Fig. 5 mit Blickrichtung radial auf die Rotorachse,

Fig. 7

eine Messeranordnung mit gegen die Tangentialrichtung geneigten Schneidkanten,

Fig. 8

eine Radialansicht zu Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf eine Messerplatte zu Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

einen Schnitt durch eine Messerbefestigung nach Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine Seitenansicht einer Messerposition nach Fig. 5,

Fig. 12

eine weitere Kontur eines Rotormantels.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures still in detail. It shows

Fig. 1

a side view of a chopping machine according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a view of the rotor shell and counter-blade arrangement looking in the direction A to Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a view of the rotor shell and counter-blade arrangement with a view B after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4

a view of the counter blade arrangement and feed device facing in the direction C against the feeder,

Fig. 5

a first knife arrangement in the direction of the rotor axis,

Fig. 6

a view too Fig. 5 looking radially towards the rotor axis,

Fig. 7

a knife arrangement with cutting edges inclined towards the tangential direction,

Fig. 8

a radial view too Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

a plan view of a blade plate Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10

a section through a knife attachment after Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

a side view of a knife position after Fig. 5 .

Fig. 12

another contour of a rotor shell.

At the in Fig. 1 outlined in side elevation as a typical wood chips a tree trunk section BS in a feeder by means of a chain conveyor KF in the feed direction ZR via a centering device ZE with a centering plate ZB on the rotor of a drum chipper moves. The feed direction ZR is typically horizontal for controlled, even feed, but may also be sloping or rising toward the rotor.

The rotor of the chipper is indicated by a knife assembly with several knives whose cutting offset in the case sketched in four by 90 ° with respect to the rotor axis RA and parallel to this or to the plane of the Fig. 1 perpendicular cutting planes S1, S2, S3, S4 run and describe a rotationally symmetrical to the rotor axis RA surface during rotation, which is referred to as a rotor shell MA. The knives are not shown for clarity. There are advantageously provided at least two blades in the knife assembly. The maximum number of knives depends on the width of the machine and the length of the knives. Depending on the number of knives, their angular offset and / or axial offset may vary. The mechanical connection of the knife assembly to the drive shaft RW is typically given by discs on which support plates are welded for the blades.

Stationarily fixed to the machine is a counter-blade arrangement GM, on which opposite edges GK are formed, which follow SP at a short distance of typically less than 3 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, of the contour of the rotor shell MA, as in FIG Fig. 2 is illustrated. Fig. 2 forms a simplified view in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1 which runs approximately tangentially to the rotor shell in the counter knife assembly GM.

The rotor shell extends in the axial direction AR of the rotor axis RA between two end positions designated with axial positions AE (L) and AE (R). The rotor shell MA has in its course in the axial direction at a lying between two end positions AE axial position AO a maximum radius RM, which is greater than the rotor shell radii RE at the end positions. As sketched, the rotor shell is preferably mirror-symmetrical to a center plane MB lying at AO and in particular can have at least approximately a biconical shape.

The knives of the knife assembly are typically not only angularly offset, but also offset in the axial direction and individually cover only a portion of the axial extent LR of the rotor shell, so that in four axially offset knife positions corresponding to four associated shell sections M2 (L), M1 (L), M1 (R) and M2 (R), which may also overlap slightly at the section boundaries AZ (L) A0, AZ (R). At the section boundaries AZ, the rotor shell has the radius RZ. The axial lengths of the sections can be essentially the same as outlined, so that u. U. in all sections the same individual blades can be used. In another embodiment, the axial lengths of the sections may also vary and in particular be smaller for the central sections M1 than for the external sections M2.

In particular, for the typical case of logs or other roundwood or long wood as wood chips, the ratio of maximum radius RM and axial length LR of the rotor shell is advantageously between RM / LR = 0.75 and LR / RM = 0.75.

By compared to the maximum radius RM in the end positions lower radii RE, the volume of construction claimed by the rotor is significantly lower compared to a cylindrical rotor shell, since a lower limit for the maximum radius is predetermined by the maximum diameter of the logs to be chopped.

The end radii RE are advantageously at least 30%, in particular at least 45% of the maximum radius RM. The upper limit for the end radii RE is advantageously 90%, in particular 80% of the maximum radius. The opening angle WP of in Fig. 2 sketched biconical rotor shell MA is advantageously at least 120 °, preferably at least 130 °, in particular at least 140 °. An upper limit for the opening angle WP is advantageously at a maximum of 170 °, preferably a maximum of 160 °, in particular a maximum of 150 °.

The Fig. 3 shows a simplified representation of the rotor and counter-knife arrangement in the direction of arrow B of Fig. 1 through the counter-blade arrangement radially to the rotor axis RA. The counter knife assembly includes two counter strips as a counter knife GM, which may be designed in particular as square bars, but whose cross-sectional shape is not necessarily rectangular. On the counter knives GM, the opposing edges GK are formed, which, as in Fig. 2 sketched in a tangential line of sight, advantageously follow the contour of the rotor shell with a small gap spacing SP. The mating edges are preferably straight. Preferably, a counter blade is provided on each side of the axial position of the maximum radius. The counter-blades are sketched schematically with counter-edges reaching completely towards each other. In real construction can advantageously remain a small gap of a few mm between the two opposite edges.

Schematically approximated are in Fig. 3 Further, the cutting planes S1, S2 and S4 according to the notation in Fig. 1 , The rear cutting plane S3 is not registered. The cutting lines of the cutting planes S2 and S4 with the rotor shell at least approximately reflect the contour of the rotor shell. Knife blades lying in the cutting plane S2 move out of the plane of the drawing, while knife blades lying in the cutting plane S4 move into the plane of the drawing.

For the cutting plane S1 or lying in this knife cutting edges an inclination angle against a rotor axis RA containing and going through the cutting axial plane is entered as the first cutting projection angle WES. Accordingly, a first counter-edge projection angle WEK is shown for the inclination of the opposing edges GK of the counter-blade arrangement against the same axial plane, which is assumed to be perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

Preferably, at least one of the two first projection angles WES, WEK is different from zero. Advantageously, in the projection after Fig. 3 the orientations of the cutting planes or lying in these cutting edges of the orientation of the mating edges, so that forms a shear angle WS between them and cutting edges and mating edges only at one point, which in the further movement of the cutting plane in the arrow along the cutting edge and Counter edge moves, directly opposite. The shear angle WS can be open in another advantageous embodiment to the center plane MB, so that wood chips cut and / or the center plane, but not outwardly, is crowded.

In a first advantageous embodiment, which in Fig. 5 and 6 is shown, the cutting edges are in the rotor axis RA containing planes, so that in the projection in the direction of arrow B, the cutting plane S1 coincides with the rotor axis RA. The counter-edges GK of the counter-knife arrangement run qualitatively at the preferred large acceptance angle WAU, as in FIG Fig. 3 . 5 and 6 sketched, with the formed by the mutually angled opposite edges against the direction of rotation of the rotor, in the pictures so upwards.

In a second advantageous embodiment, the cutting planes are inclined against radial planes passing through the cutting edges.

In another embodiment, cutting planes S1 and opposing edges GK can be inclined in opposite directions and, in particular, the first projection angles WEK and WES can be the same but opposite in magnitude, resulting in a particularly uniform course of the gap spacing SP (preferably straight courses of knife edges and counter edges). Fig. 2 ). Straight courses of knife edges and counter edges are of very particular advantage both for the manufacture and for regrinding. The affected rotor shell section then has a slightly curved generatrix. In the figures, a straight course of the generatrices is simplified in each case sketched.

In Fig. 4 is a view according to arrow C off Fig. 1 sketched on the counter knife assembly and a supplied tree trunk against the feed direction ZR. In this view, the feature is illustrated that both the centering plate ZB and the counter blade assembly with the counter knives GM and the opposing edges formed on this GK a widening upwards to the wood chips recording with a vertically measured Make receiving angle WAU, so that the wood chips are centered both under their own weight and possibly under the action of the knife assembly in the recording. The acceptance angle is preferably in a range between 135 ° and 170 °.

The bearing surface of the centering device which z. B. may be formed by a shaped centering ZB, z. B. transition from an initially at least approximately straight horizontal course over in an angled course and the counter knife GM forming counter knife edges join advantageously continuously to the course of the centering.

In Fig. 4 In addition, the gradients of rotor shell MA and rotor axis RA are registered against the line of sight.

In Fig. 5 is a first advantageous embodiment of a rotor in side view and in Fig. 6 with radial viewing direction according to arrow D of Fig. 5 outlined. In this embodiment, the knife assembly includes a plurality of blades ME1, ME2, ME3, ME4, which are offset by the rotor axis by 90 ° and in the axial direction by the same, approximately the blade width corresponding axial distances and with respect to a center plane MB mirror-symmetrical, substantially biconical rotor shell MA, which by the cutting edges of the knives ME1 and ME3 at the central plane comprises two inner shell sections M1 and then to these by the cutting edges of the blades ME2 and ME4 two outer sections M2. The cutting edges of the knives are straight and lie in respective axial planes ER, ie in cutting planes containing the rotor axis. The angle WES in a projection after Fig. 3 is in this case zero, as can be seen from the Fig. 3 corresponding view in Fig. 6 for the knives ME1 and ME3 clearly shows. Dotted line the course of the opposite edges GK of the counter blade assembly is entered, which are inclined to the knife edges.

In Fig. 11 is in a direction parallel to the rotor axis magnified a knife according to the orientation of ME1 of the example Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown with in the cutting plane S1 extending cutting edge SK, for whose end points on the rotor shell the shell portion M1 delimiting circular paths with radii RM and RZ are located. The knife is made of a flat plate MP constant thickness with ground cutting edge.

Deviating from the embodiment according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is in Fig. 7 in axial direction and in Fig. 8 outlined in the radial direction of arrow E an embodiment in which the cutting edges of the plurality of knives ME11, ME21, ME31, ME41 of the knife assembly are not in the rotor axis containing axis planes ER, but as in Fig. 1 indicated, the cutting planes run tilted against such axial planes. In Fig. 8 this is characterized by the angle of incidence WRS of a cutting plane S11 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, containing the blade of the blade ME11 and parallel to the rotor axis RA, against a plane ER containing the rotor axis by the blade of the blade ME11. Counter edges GK lie in a plane with a counter-attack angle WRK, which is different from the angle of attack WRS. The cutting planes and the plane of the opposing edges GK form a shear angle WS against each other. In another embodiment, angle of attack WRS and counter-attack angle WRK can also be the same and opposite in magnitude.

The occurrence of a non-zero angle of attack is correlated with the occurrence of a projection angle after Fig. 3 and synonymous with a deviating from 90 ° orientation of the cutting edge or counter edge against the respective tangential direction.

The knives are advantageously mounted in both embodiments on base plates GP, which in turn connected to carrier discs TS, in particular welded. The attachment of the knife on the base plates is advantageously solvable to replace knives after wear or re-insert after regrinding the knife edges. In order to be able to precisely position reground knives and to be able to set a small gap SP again, the knives on the base plates are adjustable. Preferably, the knife edges are straight and the adjustment direction is perpendicular to the knife edge.

In Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 is an advantageous embodiment for detachable attachment of flat blade plates MP sketched on carrier plates TS base plates outlined. In this case, a knife plate MP between the base plate GP and a pressure plate DP is braced by means of one or more screws as fasteners BE and held in a non-positive manner in a conventional manner. In a first embodiment, the knives may be displaceable and alignable to a limited extent in all directions in the knife plane and may be held solely in a non-positive manner by the frictional forces of the clamping. According to a preferred embodiment, the blade plate MP elongated holes LL or slots which are perpendicular to the straight cutting edge SK. In the base plate GP and / or the pressure plate DP are provided with the slots or slots corresponding longitudinal guide elements LF, so that automatically ensures an exact alignment of the knife edge in longitudinal adjustment of the knife is and only their position in the direction of displacement, which determines the width of the clearance gap SP, is set. Fig. 10 corresponds to the viewing direction in the direction of the arrow F, Fig. 11 in the direction of arrow G of Fig. 9 ,

The Fig. 12 shows a further example of the contour of a rotor shell MAT, which here comprises a central portion MTM with a substantially constant maximum radius RM and on both sides of these subsequent outer sections MTS with continuously decreasing to RE radius. The rotor shell is again symmetrical to a center plane MB. An associated knife assembly could, for example, in the outer sections MTS as in the examples Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 and in the middle section a knife assembly as in the DE 41 26 910 C1 contain. At the rotor shell contour after Fig. 12 contains the counter knife assembly then z. B. at least three counter knife. The formation of the counter knife arrangement as upwardly widening recording is also in a contour of in Fig. 12 sketched arrangement possible.

The features indicated above and in the claims, as well as the features which can be seen in the figures, can be implemented advantageously both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge. In particular, further contours of the rotor shell are possible, which deviate from the simple, preferred examples. The individual axial sections of the rotor shell can be designed with different axial extent and / or different orientation of the generatrix sections and contain a different number of blades. Rotor mantle lines and / or knife cutting edges and or counter knife mating edges may be fully or partially curved.

Claims (17)

1. Chipper, in particular for chipping articles to be chipped, in particular elongate pieces of wood such as log sections, timber, etc., having a chipper rotor and a feeding device, wherein the chipper rotor has a cutter arrangement which rotates about a rotor axis (RA) and the cutting edges (SK) of which describe a rotor circumference (MA) which is rotationally symmetrical to the rotor axis and extends in the axial direction between two end positions (AE), and wherein on the feeding device there is a mating cutter arrangement having mating edges (GK) which follow the rotor circumference at a small spacing (SP), characterized in that the radius of the rotor circumference decreases monotonically from a maximum radius (RM) at an axial position (AO) spaced apart from the two end positions in the axial direction with respect to the two end positions (AE) as far as smaller end radii (RE) of the rotor circumference in the two axial end positions (AE), and in that the mating cutter arrangement having a plurality of mating cutter strips (GM) forms a holder for the articles to be chipped, said holder widening along the rotor circumference counter to the direction of rotation of the rotor.
2. Chipper according to Claim 1, characterized in that the maximum radius in the axial direction (AR) is located approximately in the centre between the two end positions (AE).
3. Chipper according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor circumference extends in a mirror-symmetrical manner with respect to a centre plane (MB) between the two end positions.
4. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the end radii (RE) are at least 30%, in particular at least 45%, of the maximum radius (RM).
5. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end radii (RE) are at most 80% of the maximum radius (RM).
6. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the maximum radius (RM) and the axial length (LR) of the rotor circumference differ from one another by at most 25% of the value which is larger in each case.
7. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutter arrangement is subdivided in the axial direction into a plurality of sections (M1, M2) having separate individual cutters.
8. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cutter arrangement has a plurality of cutters that are arranged in an angularly offset manner around the rotor axis.
9. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cutter arrangement has planar cutters having sharpened cutting edges (SK) .
10. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cutter arrangement has cutters having straight cutting edges.
11. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the cutter arrangement cutters are fastened to a cutter carrier and can be adjusted perpendicularly to the cutting edge.
12. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the feeding device (ZR) extends in the feeding direction perpendicularly to the axial direction (AR) of the rotor.
13. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the feeding device comprises a centring device.
14. Chipper according to Claim 13, characterized in that the centring device contains a downwardly narrowed channel having abutment surfaces on both sides for the articles to be chipped.
15. Chipper according to Claim 14, characterized in that the abutment surfaces merge in a substantially continuous manner into the mating cutter arrangement (GM).
16. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the mating cutter arrangement contains mating cutters having straight mating edges (GK).
17. Chipper according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that cutting edges of the cutter arrangement and corresponding mating edges of the mating cutter arrangement extend in different orientations with respect to the tangential direction of the rotor circumference.

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