EP1362679A2 - Chipping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The rotor casing has a maximum radius (RM) at an axial position spaced from the respective end settings and the end radii (RE) of the casing at the two axial end settings are less than this maximum radius and/or the counter-cutters comprise a number of cutter strips (GK) forming a chop material mounting which expands against the direction of the turning rotor. The maximum radius in the axial direction lies approximately in the middle between two end settings and the rotor casing itself runs mirror-symmetrically to the center plane (MB). The maximum radius of the casing diminishes steadily towards the end settings and the end radius (RE) amounts to 45% of the maximum radius.

Description

The invention relates to a chopping machine according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Such a chopping machine is known for example from DE 41 26 910 C1. In the known chopping machine, the knife edges approximate one circular cylindrical surface of the rotor. The knife edges are strong against the axially parallel surface lines are inclined and the levels of the knife inserts are tilted relative to the rotor axis.

A chipper with a conical rotor and at an angle to its rotor axis extending feed direction is known from US 3,375,859.

The US 3 319 673 shows a chopping machine on a circular cylindrical Rotor wound knife edges. The rotor can also be divided into several same sub-rotors can be divided. In one known from CH 379 107 Arrangement are a plurality of disks with minor axial cutting edges Extension assembled to form an axially wider rotor package.

The present invention has for its object an advantageous one Specify chipper.

The invention is described in claim 1. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

It is surprisingly found that a chopping machine according to the invention is essential runs more smoothly and requires less drive power than a conventional one Chipper of the type described in the introduction.

The rotor jacket from the cutting edges of the rotating around the rotor axis Knife arrangement described surface is preferably mirror-symmetrical with respect to one in the axial direction in the middle between the two end positions lying central plane. The radius of the rotor shell is preferably reduced from the maximum radius monotonously, in particular continuously to End radii. The rotor shell can in particular be essentially biconical To have shape. The counter knife arrangement follows with its counter edges with a small distance between the contour of the rotor shell.

The counter knife arrangement, on which the wood chips are supported, forms advantageously with a plurality of counter knife bars, an upward widening Recording in which the typically elongated wood chips under Gravity is self-centering. The recording angle is later above perpendicular to the direction of advance of the wood chips advantageously between 135 ° and 170 °. Due to the large mounting angle, wood chips are also included large diameter the vertical distance to the counter knives in the middle, where the counter knives converge, advantageously low.

In another advantageous embodiment, the counter knife arrangement forms a counter to the direction of rotation of the rotor expanding receptacle for the Wood chips, so that this during the chopping process under the influence of the Knife arrangement forces exerted towards the center of the recording and thus centered by the chopping process itself in the counter knife arrangement and is stabilized. The measure of towards the axial end positions reducing radii of the rotor shell on the one hand and against the other Direction of rotation of the rotor expanding receptacle can be independent of each other or be implemented in combination.

The individual counter edges of the counter knife bars are preferably straight. In particular, the counter knife arrangement can have exactly two counter knife bars exhibit. These are then preferably against the tangential direction of the rotor shell in the counter knife arrangement by a deviating from 90 ° Edge inclination angle is inclined.

In a corresponding manner, the cutting edges of the knife arrangement are preferred just. The cutting edges can also advantageously be against the tangential direction of the rotor sheath at the respective knife edge cutting edge inclination angles deviating from 90 °. The alignment the knife edge with respect to the tangential direction is advantageous different from the orientation of the cutting edges with respect to the tangential direction, so that cutting edges and counter edges including a Be moved past each other. The inclination of cutting edges and associated counter edges can be mirror-symmetrical with respect a plane containing the rotor axis. The shear effect is special also advantageous for hard inclusions in wood chips, for example pieces of metal (Nails) in demolition wood, showing that by training such a scissor angle the cutting edges of the knives less be claimed.

In the case of curved counter edges or cutting edges, the corresponding Way the averaged course and the tangential direction at the center of the opposite edge or cutting edge serve as a measure.

The knife arrangement preferably contains several individual knives, which axially successive, possibly overlapping sections of the Describe the rotor shell and / or which are angularly offset about the rotor axis are arranged, preferably with a uniform angle approach.

The knives are connected to the driven rotor shaft via a carrier arrangement connected, which is advantageously mounted axially on both sides of the rotor shell is. The connection to the rotor shaft is preferably made via carrier disks, on which base plates fixed and arranged in a defined orientation are, on which in turn knife plates are attached. The knife plates are advantageously removably attached to the base plates, the exact alignment with the counter edges of the counter strips in the counter knife arrangement to enable and in particular the knife plates To be able to reuse wear due to regrinding. For this can a guide between the knife plates and base plates or those involved Elements may be provided. The adjustment is preferably done in a direction perpendicular to a straight cutting edge in the knife plate plane.

The wood chips are typically fed into the feed device horizontal, but can also be inclined so that the wood chips are under Gravity moved in the direction of the rotor or rising upwards is promoted. In particular with mirror symmetry to a central plane The rotor casing preferably runs perpendicular to the rotor axis and / or in the feed device is oriented towards the central plane Centering device provided. The centering device advantageously has Elements on which a downwardly narrowed channel with bilateral form inclined contact surfaces, these contact surfaces advantageously step over to the counter strips of the counter knife arrangement. A counter knife arrangement widening upwards, counter to the direction of rotation of the rotor can also be advantageous in conjunction with a straight line Knife edge of a cylindrical tube jacket.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Hackmaschine,

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht von Rotormantel und Gegenmesseranordnung mit Blickrichtung A nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht von Rotormantel und Gegenmesseranordnung mit Blickrichtung B nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht von Gegenmesseranordnung und Zuführeinrichtung mit Blickrichtung C entgegen der Zuführeinrichtung,

Fig. 5

eine erste Messeranordnung in Richtung der Rotorachse,

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht zu Fig. 5 mit Blickrichtung radial auf die Rotorachse,

Fig. 7

eine Messeranordnung mit gegen die Tangentialrichtung geneigten Schneidkanten,

Fig. 8

eine Radialansicht zu Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf eine Messerplatte zu Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

einen Schnitt durch eine Messerbefestigung nach Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine Seitenansicht einer Messerposition nach Fig. 5,

Fig. 12

eine weitere Kontur eines Rotormantels.

The invention is illustrated in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. It shows

Fig. 1

a side view of a chopping machine according to the invention,

Fig. 2

2 shows a view of the rotor jacket and counter knife arrangement with viewing direction A according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows a view of the rotor jacket and counter knife arrangement with viewing direction B according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

1 shows a view of the counter knife arrangement and feed device with viewing direction C against the feed device,

Fig. 5

a first knife arrangement in the direction of the rotor axis,

Fig. 6

5 with a radial view of the rotor axis,

Fig. 7

a knife arrangement with cutting edges inclined against the tangential direction,

Fig. 8

6 shows a radial view of FIG. 7,

Fig. 9

8 shows a plan view of a cutter plate for FIG. 8,

Fig. 10

9 shows a section through a knife attachment according to FIG. 9,

Fig. 11

5 shows a side view of a knife position according to FIG. 5,

Fig. 12

another contour of a rotor shell.

1 is a typical wood chip a log section BS in a feed device by means of a chain conveyor KF in the feed direction ZR with a centering device ZE Centering plate ZB moved towards the rotor of a drum chipper. The feed direction ZR is typically horizontal for controlled, uniform Feed, but can also decrease or increase towards the rotor.

The rotor of the chopping machine is indicated by a knife arrangement several knives, the cutting edges of which in the sketched case in four by 90 ° offset the rotor axis RA and parallel to this or to the plane of the drawing the vertical cutting planes S1, S2, S3, S4 and describe a surface that is rotationally symmetrical to the rotor axis RA during rotation, which is referred to as the rotor jacket MA. The knives are the one Not shown for clarity. It is advantageously at least two knives are provided in the knife arrangement. The maximum number the knife is u. a. by the width of the machine and the length of the knives certainly. Depending on the number of knives, their angular offset and / or axial offset vary. The mechanical connection of the knife assembly with the drive shaft RW is typically given by washers which carrier plates for the knives are welded on.

A counter knife arrangement GM is fixed to the machine which counter edges GK are formed, which are at a small distance SP from typically less than 3 mm, in particular less than 1 mm of the contour of the rotor shell MA follow, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Fig. 2 forms one simplified view in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1, which is approximately tangential runs to the rotor jacket in the counter knife arrangement GM.

The rotor jacket extends in the axial direction AR of the rotor axis RA between two end positions marked with axial positions AE (L) and AE (R). The rotor jacket MA instructs in its course in the axial direction an axial position AO lying between the two end positions a maximum radius RM that is larger than the rotor jacket radii RE at the end positions. As outlined, the rotor jacket is preferably mirror-symmetrical to one middle plane lying at AO and can in particular at least approximate have a biconical shape.

The knives of the knife arrangement are typically not only angularly offset, but also offset in the axial direction and individually cover only a part the axial extension LR of the rotor shell, so that in axial Four assigned knife positions corresponding to four assigned Sheath sections M2 (L), M1 (L), M1 (R) and M2 (R), which correspond to the Section boundaries AZ (L) AO, AZ (R) can also overlap slightly. On the section boundaries AZ, the rotor shell has the radius RZ. The axial Lengths of the sections can be essentially the same as outlined so u. The same individual knives may be used in all sections can. In another version, the axial lengths of the sections also vary and in particular be lower for the central sections M1 than for the outer sections M2.

Especially for the typical case of tree trunks or other logs or long wood as wood chips is the ratio of the maximum radius RM and axial length LR of the rotor shell advantageously between RM / LR = 0.75 and LR / RM = 0.75.

Due to the smaller radii in the end positions compared to the maximum radius RM RE becomes the construction volume used by the rotor compared to a cylindrical one Rotor sheath significantly lower since there is a lower limit for the maximum Radius through the maximum diameter of the logs to be chopped is specified.

The end radii RE are advantageously at least 30%, in particular at least 45% of the maximum radius RM. The upper limit for the end radii RE is advantageously 90%, in particular 80% of the maximum radius. The opening angle WP of the biconical rotor shell MA sketched in FIG. 2 is advantageously at least 120 °, preferably at least 130 °, in particular at least 140 °. An upper limit for the opening angle WP is advantageously a maximum of 170 °, preferably a maximum of 160 °, in particular maximum 150 °.

3 shows a simplified illustration of the rotor and counter knife arrangement in the direction of arrow B of FIG. 1 through the counter knife arrangement radial to the rotor axis RA. The counter knife assembly contains two counter strips as counter knife GM, which in particular also as square strips can be carried out, but their cross-sectional shape is not necessary is rectangular. The counter edges GK are formed on the counter knives GM, which, as sketched in FIG. 2 in the tangential direction of view, advantageously follow the contour of the rotor shell with a small gap SP. The opposite edges are preferably straight. Preferably on each side a counter knife is provided for the axial position of the maximum radius. The Counter knives are schematic with counter edges fully reaching towards each other outlined. In real construction, a small one can advantageously Leave a gap of a few mm between the two opposite edges.

The cutting planes are also schematically approximated in FIG. 3 S1, S2 and S4 according to the notation in Fig. 1. The cutting plane lying behind S3 is not entered. The cutting lines of the cutting planes S2 and S4 with the rotor shell give at least approximately the contour of the rotor shell again. Move knife blades lying on cutting edge level S2 out of the plane of the drawing, lying in the cutting plane S4 Knife cutting into the drawing plane.

For cutting plane S1 or knife cutting edges lying in it an angle of inclination against a rotor axis RA containing and through the Cutting axial plane as the first cutting projection angle WES entered. The counter knife arrangement is corresponding for the inclination of the counter edges GK against the same axial plane, which is considered perpendicular to A first opposite edge projection angle is assumed standing plane WEK shown.

Preferably at least one of the first two projection angles is WES, WEK different from zero. 3 are advantageous in the projection the orientations of the cutting edge planes or those lying in them Cutting edges differ from the orientation of the opposite edges, so that a scissor angle WS forms between these and cutting edges and Opposing edges only at one point, which is in the further movement the cutting plane in the direction of the arrow along the cutting edge and the opposite edge postponed, face directly. The scissor angle WS can be different advantageous embodiment be open to the middle level MB, so that Wood chips cut and / or pushed towards the middle level, but not outwards becomes.

In a first advantageous embodiment, which is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the cutting edges lie in the planes containing the rotor axis RA, so that in the projection in the direction of arrow B, the cutting plane S1 with the rotor axis RA coincides. The counter edges GK of the counter knife arrangement run qualitatively at the preferred large recording angle WAU, as in FIG. 3, 5 and 6 outlined with the counter-angled edges formed tip against the direction of rotation of the rotor, in the figures so up.

In a second advantageous embodiment, the cutting planes are against radial planes inclined through the cutting edges.

In another version, cutting planes S1 and counter edges GK inclined in opposite directions and in particular also the first projection angles WEK and WES have the same amount but the opposite direction, which results in preferred straight courses of knife edges and counter edges a particularly uniform course of the gap distance SP (FIG. 2) results. Straight courses of knife edges and counter edges are both A very special advantage for production as well as for regrinding. The affected rotor shell section then has a slightly curved one Surface line on. In the figures, a straight course of each is simplified Surface lines outlined.

4 is a view according to arrow C from FIG. 1 of the counter knife arrangement and a supplied tree trunk against the feed direction ZR outlined. In this view the feature illustrates that both the centering plate ZB as well as the counter knife arrangement with the counter knives GM and the counter edges GK formed on these Upward extension to the wood chips with a vertically measured image Form the recording angle WAU, so that the wood chips both under the own weight as well as possibly under the influence of the knife arrangement is centered in the recording. The recording angle is preferably in one Range between 135 ° and 170 °.

The support surface of the centering device which, for. B. by a molded Centering plate ZB can be formed, for. B. from an initially at least approximately straight horizontal course over an angled course pass over and the counter knife strips forming the counter knife GM advantageously close continuously to the course of the centering plate on.

4 also shows the courses of the rotor jacket MA and the rotor axis RA entered against the line of sight.

5 shows a first advantageous embodiment of a rotor in a side view and sketched in FIG. 6 with a radial viewing direction according to arrow D of FIG. 5. at In this embodiment, the knife arrangement contains several knives ME1, ME2, ME3, ME4, which around the rotor axis by 90 ° and in the axial Direction by the same axial spacing approximately corresponding to the knife width are offset and a mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central plane MB, generate essentially biconical rotor jacket MA, which by the cutting edges of the knives ME1 and ME3 in the middle plane two inner Mantle sections M1 and then these through the cutting edges of the Knife ME2 or ME4 comprises two outer sections M2. The Cutting edges of the knives are straight and are each in the axis plane ER, d. H. in cutting planes that contain the rotor axis. The angle In this case, WES in a projection according to FIG. 3 is zero, as is evident from the view corresponding to FIG. 3 in FIG. 6 for the knives ME1 and ME3 shows. With a dotted line, the course of the opposite edges GK is the Counter knife arrangement entered, which inclined to the knife edges run.

A knife is enlarged in FIG. 11 in the direction of view parallel to the rotor axis corresponding to the orientation of ME1 of the example according to FIGS. 5 and 6 shown with cutting edge SK running in cutting plane S1, for whose end points delimit the casing section M1 on the rotor casing Circular paths with radii RM and RZ are shown. The knife is made of a flat plate MP of constant thickness with a ground cutting edge manufactured.

Deviating from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, in FIG axial viewing direction and in Fig. 8 in the radial viewing direction according to arrow E one Embodiment outlines in which the cutting of the multiple knives ME11, ME21, ME31, ME41 of the knife arrangement not containing the rotor axis Axis planes ER, but as indicated in Fig. 1, the Cutting planes are tilted against such axis planes. 8 is this for cutting the knife ME11 through the angle of attack WRS one perpendicular to the plane of the drawing containing the cutting edge of the knife ME11 and cutting edge plane S11 parallel to the rotor axis RA against a the plane ER containing the rotor axis through the cutting edge of the knife ME11 characterized. Counter edges GK lie in one plane with a counter angle of attack WRK, which is different from the angle of attack WRS. The Cutting planes and the plane of the counter edges GK form a scissor angle WS against each other. In another version, the WRS and counter attack angle WRK also equal and opposite in amount be directed.

The occurrence of a non-zero angle of attack is correlated with the occurrence 3 and synonymous with one of 90 ° deviating alignment of the cutting edge or counter edge against the respective Tangential.

In both exemplary embodiments, the knives are advantageously on base plates GP attached, which in turn connected to carrier disks TS, in particular are welded. The attachment of the knives on the base plates is advantageously detachable to replace knives after wear or after regrinding the knife edges. To reground Position the knife exactly and again a small gap To be able to adjust SP, the knives are adjustable on the base plates. The knife edges are preferably straight and the adjustment direction runs perpendicular to the knife edge.

9 and 10 show an advantageous embodiment for releasable fastening of flat knife plates MP connected to carrier disks TS Base plates outlined. A knife insert is used in a manner known per se MP between the base plate GP and a pressure plate DP by means of a or several screws as fastening elements BE clamped and non-positive held. The knives can in a first embodiment in the Knife level can be moved and aligned to a limited extent in all directions be and only frictionally by the frictional forces of the bracing be kept. According to a preferred embodiment, the Knife plate MP slots LL or slots that are perpendicular to the straight SK cutting edge run. In the base plate GP and / or the pressure plate DP are longitudinal guide elements corresponding to the slots or elongated holes LF available so that when the knife is adjusted lengthways An exact alignment of the knife edge is always guaranteed automatically and only their position in the direction of displacement, which is the width of the gap SP determined to be set. Fig. 10 corresponds to the viewing direction in the direction of arrow F, FIG. 11 in the direction of arrow G of FIG. 9.

12 shows another example of the contour of a rotor jacket MAT, which here is a middle section MTM with essentially constant Maximum radius RM and outer sections adjoining it on both sides MTS with a continuously decreasing radius down to RE. The The rotor shell is again symmetrical to a center plane MB. A related one Knife arrangement could, for example, in the outer sections like MTS in the examples according to FIGS. 5 to 8 and in the middle section a knife arrangement as in DE 41 26 910 C1 included. With the rotor jacket contour 12 then contains the counter knife arrangement z. B. at least three counter knives. The formation of the counter knife arrangement as after The expanding image above is also for a contour of the one sketched in FIG. 12 Arrangement possible.

The above and those specified in the claims as well as those in the illustrations Removable features are both individually and in different Combination can be advantageously implemented. The invention is not based on those described Embodiments limited, but within the scope of experts Can be modified in many ways. In particular, there are other contours of the rotor shell possible, which of the simple, preferred examples differ. The individual axial sections of the rotor shell can with different axial extension and / or different orientation of the surface line sections and a different one Number of knives included. Rotor jacket lines and / or knife cutting edges and or counter knife counter edges can be completely or be curved in sections.

Claims (18)

Chopping machine, in particular for chopping wood chips, in particular elongated pieces of wood such as logs, timber, etc., with a chopping rotor and a feed device, the chopping rotor having a knife arrangement rotating about a rotor axis (RA), the knife cutting edges (SK) of which are directed toward the rotor axis Describe a rotationally symmetrical rotor jacket (MA), which extends in the axial direction between two end positions (AE), and a counter edge (GK) is present on the feed device, the counter knife edges of which run at a small distance (SP) from the rotor jacket, characterized in that the rotor casing has a maximum radius (RM) at an axial position (AO) spaced from both end positions and the end radii (RE) of the rotor casing in both axial end positions (AE) are smaller than this maximum radius and / or that the counter knife arrangement with several counter knife strips (GM ) along the rotor shell against the direction of rotation the rotor expanding receptacle for the wood chips Chopping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum radius in the axial direction (AR) is at least approximately in the middle between the two end positions (AE). Chopping machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor jacket is mirror-symmetrical to a central plane (MB) between the two end positions. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radius of the rotor shell decreases monotonically from the maximum radius to the end radii. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end radii (RE) are at least 30%, in particular at least 45% of the maximum radius (RM). Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the end radii (RE) are at most 90%, in particular at most 80% of the maximum radius (RM). Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the maximum radius (RM) and axial length (LR) of the rotor shell differ from one another by a maximum of 25% of the respectively larger value. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the knife arrangement in the axial direction is divided into several sections (M1, M2) with separate individual knives. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the knife arrangement has a plurality of knives arranged at an angular offset about the rotor axis. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the knife arrangement has flat knives with ground cutting edges (SK). Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the knife arrangement has knives with straight cutting edges. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the knife arrangement knives are attached to a knife carrier and are adjustable perpendicular to the cutting edge. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the feed direction (ZR) in the feed device runs perpendicular to the axial direction (AR) of the rotor. Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the feed device comprises a centering device. Chopping machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the centering device contains a downwardly narrowed channel with bilateral contact surfaces for the wood chips. Chopping machine according to claim 15, characterized in that the contact surfaces pass substantially continuously into the counter knife arrangement (GM). Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the counter knife arrangement includes counter knives with straight counter edges (GK). Chopping machine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that cutting edges of the knife arrangement and corresponding counter edges of the counter knife arrangement run in different orientations against the tangential direction of the rotor jacket.

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