EP1359596B1 - Appareillage électrique de coupure comportant une chambre d'extinction d'arc munie d'ailettes de désionisation - Google Patents

Appareillage électrique de coupure comportant une chambre d'extinction d'arc munie d'ailettes de désionisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1359596B1
EP1359596B1 EP03354028A EP03354028A EP1359596B1 EP 1359596 B1 EP1359596 B1 EP 1359596B1 EP 03354028 A EP03354028 A EP 03354028A EP 03354028 A EP03354028 A EP 03354028A EP 1359596 B1 EP1359596 B1 EP 1359596B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fins
arc
chamber
contact
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03354028A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1359596A1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Schneider Elec. Industries SAS Charles
Stéphane Schneider Elec. Industries SAS Dye
Luc Schneider Elec. Industries SAS Moreau
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H01H1/2058—Rotating bridge being assembled in a cassette, which can be placed as a complete unit into a circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switchgear, in particular a limiting device such as a limiting circuit breaker, whose external manifestations during the cut are reduced or nonexistent.
  • a conventional arc extinguishing chamber for electric circuit breaker low voltage power.
  • the chamber is located opposite the separable contacts of the circuit breaker, and provided with gas evacuation ports on a rear wall opposite the contacts.
  • Flat metal fins are disposed within the chamber, between the contacts and the gas discharge port, perpendicular to the side walls.
  • the separation of the contacts causes an electric arc that is projected into the chamber by an electromagnetic loop effect.
  • the bow meets the fins that absorb some of its energy.
  • the arc also exchanges with the side walls of the chamber, which are made of synthetic gas-forming material.
  • the arc cools gradually and its voltage rises so that when the current passes through zero, the arc goes off permanently.
  • the thermal and kinetic effects of the arc plasma during the cutoff cause a sudden increase in the pressure in the extinguishing chamber.
  • the exhaust ports allow the exhaust gas to escape and contain the pressure at an acceptable level within the housing of the unit. This evacuation of partially ionized cutoff gas imposes, however, minimum distances of safety between devices on the same electrical panel, to avoid any risk of ignition between neighboring parts under tension. It also requires that arrangements be made for overpressure not to damage the painting itself. In addition, exhaust gases can be considered as pollutants and must therefore be filtered.
  • Electrical switching devices are also known whose housing is sealed, so as to eliminate any external manifestation during the cut, such as described for example in the document GB 2,119,575 . It is then necessary to provide the housing with high performance sealing devices and to reinforce its mechanical resistance to pressure. Sealing is obtained at the cost of a reduction in cut-off performance compared to conventional equipment of the same volume. In addition, the cost of such devices compared to conventional devices is very high, so they are implemented only under extreme conditions, for example in explosive environments.
  • a low-voltage circuit breaker with sealed power is described in the document WO95 / 08832 .
  • This circuit breaker comprises an arc extinction chamber disposed opposite the contacts and provided with cooling fins which are arranged between the contacts and an outlet opening of the chamber.
  • a recirculation channel directs gases from the chamber outlet to the drive mechanism of the contacts through a deionization filter. The gases emitted during the breaking at the arc extinguishing chamber thus flow in closed circuit in the housing and are finally redirected to the contacts and to the chamber inlet, after having been cooled and deionized .
  • This important convection promotes rapid movement of the arc inside the chamber, which is considered in this document as particularly advantageous for accelerating the cut.
  • the arc is deflected on one or the other side and returns to the contacts by dividing between the fins, then is restored between the contacts before being projected again in the room .
  • the foot of the arc follows a loop path until the arc energy has been dissipated in the fins.
  • the fins are thus used homogeneously.
  • the circulation of the arc gives rise to periodic rebooting of the arc on the contacts, which damage the contacts.
  • arc extinguishing plates are described for an arc extinguishing chamber of an electrical switchgear.
  • the plates have a cut forming a flared neck in U or V extended by a slot opening on a circular widening. This shape is supposed to ensure a good location of the arc and its rapid extinction. It is intended to cover the extinguishing plates with an insulating material, plastic or ceramic, including polytetrafluoroethylene, so as to stabilize the positioning of the arc in the enlarged circular portion.
  • the plates may be made of soft iron and covered, at least in the circular enlarged portion, with a soft, magnetic electrical insulating material to prevent the arc from forming a foot on the periphery of the widening.
  • the arc can be located in the widened circular part, but nothing is planned to ensure its extinction.
  • the arrangements made to stabilize the arc and prevent the formation of a foot arc result in the energy exchange between the arc and its environment is very small.
  • the arc can only exchange with the edges of the plates, at the level of the circular widening. The lateral part of the plates is therefore not used effectively for the cooling of the arc.
  • the treatment of the plates in several layers of different materials considerably increases the cost of the device.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to propose, in a reduced volume, a cutting apparatus performance and external manifestations greatly reduced.
  • the corridor and the chimney allow the bow to settle quickly and stably at the bottom of the chamber, in the area in section has an oblong shape. It is known that the arc naturally tends in an open environment to assume a generally circular cylindrical shape. The oblong shape of the chimney thus contributes to a strong constriction of the arc, hence a significant energy exchange with the fins and the walls at this level. A convective gas stream is established between the fins, laterally with respect to the corridor, and allows cooling and deionization of the gases in contact with the fins, until the arc is extinguished. This rapid cooling of the gases considerably limits the rise in pressure in the chamber. External manifestations are considerably reduced or even eliminated altogether.
  • the surface of the fins is used throughout the cut and ensures a very good efficiency in energy transfer. It should be noted that the flat surfaces of the fins are used more to absorb the heat of the gases emitted, than to interact directly with the arc. More precisely, the arc does not seem to be divided into a multiplicity of arcs stretching in series between adjacent fins.
  • the fins have a given thickness and are separated in pairs by a given distance which is of the same order of magnitude as said thickness.
  • the small distance between fins promotes the heat exchange between the gases and the fins, especially in the phase where the arc is located in the chimney.
  • the distance between fins will be between 0.8 and 3 mm, and it will be between half and twice the thickness of the fins.
  • the distance between two fins here designates the smallest distance measured between the two fins, especially when the fins are not parallel to each other. It will be noted that it is the architecture of the circuit breaker, and in particular the presence of the corridor favoring the insertion of the electric arc, which makes it possible to arrange the fins at a short distance from one another.
  • the space between fins is always greater than at least 20% to the thickness of the fins, while one can authorize according to the invention much lower distances.
  • the chimney is limited posteriorly by the posterior wall. This arrangement promotes the constriction of the foot of the arc, the rise in voltage of the arc and the limitation of the pressure in the chamber.
  • the rear wall is devoid of gas evacuation orifice. This promotes the flow of gas between the fins, so the use of the entire surface of the fins as heat exchange surface.
  • the chamber and the opening volume together form a closed cutoff volume.
  • the arrangement of the chamber makes it possible to control the rise in pressure, and thus to close the chamber, without major risk of explosion of the apparatus.
  • the lower longitudinal electrode is separated from the fins by a distance that is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the fins.
  • This arrangement allows a significant constriction of the foot of the arc.
  • the lateral volume between the bottom wall and the fins, on at least one of the sides of the lower electrode, is limited by walls which also contribute to the constriction of the arc.
  • each fin is provided with at least one lateral fastening tab, retained in a slot of one of the side walls, and at least one posterior fixing tab, retained in a slot of the posterior wall.
  • the posterior tongue answers the problem of fixing the fin, and makes it possible to compensate for the possible mechanical weakness due to the presence of the chimney.
  • the fins are parallel to each other.
  • the rear wall is inclined relative to the fins. This arrangement tends to stabilize the arc at the bottom of 1 chamber and increase the length of the arc.
  • the corridor extends substantially in the reference geometric plane equidistant from the side walls of the chamber. This arrangement will be preferred for high performance and when it is desired to avoid too rapid alteration of the side walls of the chamber.
  • the corridor is indeed a privileged way for the arc which is thus centered as it moves towards the chimney.
  • the narrow intermediate portion of the corridor approaches one of the side walls away from the opening volume.
  • the contacts are in a median plane of the chamber, midway between the side walls of the chamber, which optimizes the opening volume.
  • the corridor sinks obliquely into the room.
  • the narrowest fins are used mainly for their constrictor effect when inserting the bow.
  • the wider fins are also used for cooling the gas once the arc is installed in the chimney.
  • the apparatus is a limiting circuit breaker comprising rigid conductors for supplying the current to the contacts, these rigid conductors having a shape such that when they are traversed by a current, they generate an intense electromagnetic field near the contacts, clean to cause electromagnetic repulsion of the movable contact towards the separation position and to project the electric arc into the chamber.
  • the fixed contact will be supported by a U-shaped conductor.
  • Other forms amply described in the state of the art are however possible. The projection of the arc allows it to reach the chimney quickly.
  • a molded-case power low-voltage limiting circuit breaker has one or more breaking poles.
  • the pole 10 represented on the figure 1 comprises a molded plastic housing 12, inside which is housed a rotary contact bridge 14, carried by a shaft section 16 extending perpendicular to the plane of the figure 1
  • the shaft 16 is driven by a drive mechanism known per se, as described for example in the document FR 2,589,624 .
  • the contact bridge 14 comprises a first movable contact 18 cooperating with a first fixed contact 20, and a second movable contact 22 cooperating with a second fixed contact 24.
  • To each pair of contacts 18, 20, resp. 22, 24 is associated an arc extinguishing chamber 26, resp. 28.
  • the construction of the pole 10 being symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation 30 of the switching shaft 16, it will suffice to describe in detail the half of the pole associated with the contacts 18, 20 and the chamber 26.
  • the fixed contact 20 is fixed on a contact member 32 constituted by a U-shaped metal part, one end of which is connected to a connection pad 34, and the other end forms a lower electrode 36 extending inside the socket. bedroom.
  • the contact 18 is movable between a separation position represented on the figure 1 and a position of contact with the fixed contact 20.
  • the separation movement of the contact 18 is a plane movement, in the sense that the path of the contact is parallel to the plane II of section of the figure 1 .
  • the path covered by the movable contact 18 between its two extreme positions defines an opening volume 38 which is closed, on the opposite side to the arc extinguishing chamber 26, by the shaft section 16, and laterally restricted by partitioning pieces 40.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 26 is delimited by a rear wall 42 opposite to the opening volume 38, a bottom wall 48 and an upper wall 50, constituted by walls of the housing, as well as two flat lateral walls 44, 46. , constituted by plates of insulating material plated on a wall of the housing.
  • the chamber 26 opens on the opening volume 38.
  • the breaking volume 52 constituted by the arc extinguishing chamber 26 and the opening volume 38 is closed, in the sense that it is not provided. channel or exhaust port voluntary cutoff gases. By cons, no special provision is made to avoid possible leakage by the joining lines of the various parts of the molded housing.
  • the breaking volume 52 is therefore a sealed volume, the sealing is however imperfect.
  • the seal is similar to that defined by the code Ip54 according to IEC 60529: "volume protected against splashing water in all directions and against dust (no harmful deposit)”.
  • the chamber contains flat metal fins 54 arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the side walls 44, 46.
  • the gap between two fins is small, of the order of the thickness of the fins.
  • Each fin is provided with two lateral tabs 55a for positioning and retention, embedded in the side walls 44,46, and two rear tabs 55b.
  • Each fin has its rear rim fully inserted in a groove of the rear wall to prevent gas flow, and the rear tabs 55b are embedded in force in deeper recesses of the rear wall to provide mechanical strength.
  • the side edges of the fins are pressed against the side walls, so as not to leave significant clearance between walls and fins.
  • the lower wall 48 of the chamber has a groove 56 in which is embedded the lower electrode 36, as shown in detail in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the flanges 58 of the groove protrude, relative to the electrode 36, towards the inside of the chamber 26.
  • the bottom wall 48 is raised so as to reduce the space separating the wall lower 48 of the fin 54 nearest.
  • the distance between the lower electrode 36 and the nearest fin is of the same order of magnitude as the gap between two fins.
  • the electrode 36 formed by the fixed contact member 32 has an end portion disposed substantially parallel to the fins, perpendicular to the III-III sectional plane inside the chamber, and an intermediate portion disposed substantially perpendicular to the reference direction 60.
  • the posterior wall 42 is in turn inclined with respect to the reference direction 60, but also with respect to a III-III section plane. The inclination of the posterior wall 42 is intermediate between the direction 60 and the plane III-III.
  • the chamber also comprises in its upper part an upper electrode 62 embedded covers a large part of the upper wall 50.
  • the upper electrode is not electrically connected to one of the contact.
  • the fins 54 have an edge 68 forming a cutout defining two wings on either side of a passage 70.
  • the passage extends in height from the lower wall 48 and the lower electrode 36, to the wall upper 50 and the upper electrode 62.
  • the corridor 70 has a flared front portion 70a facing the contacts. It comprises a narrow longitudinal portion 70b followed by an enlargement on the opposite side of the contacts, near the rear wall of the chamber, forming a chimney 70c between the lower wall 48 and the lower electrode 36 on the one hand, and the upper wall 50 and the upper electrode 62 on the other hand.
  • the lower electrode 36 and the upper electrode 62 - or the upper wall 50, if the upper electrode is absent - are thus directly opposite one another on either side of the corridor.
  • the chimney 70c is oblong, that is to say that its width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the median longitudinal geometric plane is greater than its depth, measured in a cutting plane parallel to any of the fins 54.
  • the chimney 70c is inclined substantially parallel to the rear wall, in a direction 63.
  • the apparatus operates in the following manner.
  • the electromagnetic field induced by the current flowing in the conductors and in particular in the U-shaped fixed contact member 32 generates in the moving contact member 14 electrodynamic forces which repel violently.
  • the movable contact in separation position, this movement being subsequently confirmed by the opening of the drive mechanism of the shaft 16.
  • an electric arc arises between the contacts 18, 20.
  • This arc is projected into the chamber by the electrodynamic forces induced by the electromagnetic field.
  • the arc remains halfway between the side walls 44, 46, since it tends to take the passage 70b open between the fins.
  • Gaseous convection is established from the posterior wall 42 to the prechamber 38 along the side walls 44, 46 of the chamber, so that the progression of the arc towards the posterior wall 42 is not impeded by an increase in pressure.
  • the foot of the arc migrates rapidly along the lower electrode 36 to the stack 70c, even before the movable contact 18 has reached its final separation position.
  • the foot of the arc attacks the edges 58 of the groove 56 which generate gas, causing a constriction of the foot of the arc.
  • the free space between the bottom wall 48 and the fins 54 is small, so that the lower part of the plasma column constituting the arc is confined between the lower electrode and the nearest fin, which further favors the constriction of the bow.
  • the head of the arc remains at first at the projecting end of the movable contact member 14. Due to the inclination of the fins 54, the arc embraces from the beginning of the opening a large number of fins, which is favorable to a significant heat exchange.
  • the foot of the arc is at the end of the lower electrode 36, at the bottom of the chimney 70c.
  • the arc is curved further up the chimney 70c of the end of the lower electrode 36 at the end of the upper electrode 62, then along the upper electrode 62 which constitutes an equipotential surface to reach the projecting end of the movable contact member 14 in the separation position.
  • the arc divides even into two arcs in series: a long arc between the lower electrode 36 and the upper electrode 62 and a short arc between the upper electrode 62 and the movable contact member 14. In this case, the head of the longbow migrates almost instantly to the bottom of the chamber.
  • the arc is installed stably in the chimney 70c until it goes out.
  • This position of the arc promotes a lateral circulation of the gas in the chamber, from the chimney to the opening volume, that is to say a flow between the fins 54, along the side walls 44, 46.
  • the gas cools rapidly by exchange with the fins and the side walls of the chamber and contracts.
  • the gas finds no exhaust out of the breaking volume 52.
  • the fins 54 provide the arc with a heat exchange surface during the entire cut, especially in their part near the edges 68.
  • the bow both as it progresses in the room and when it is installed in the room. chimney 70c, tends to expand to invade all available space.
  • the fins 54 contain this expansion by interacting with the periphery of the arc.
  • the arc voltage increases as the arc cools and the pressure increases in the breaking volume, which eventually allows the arc to go out when the current passes through zero.
  • the narrow middle portion 70b of the passage 70 promotes the migration of the arc to the bottom of the chamber, and the chimney 70c stabilizes the arc in this region.
  • the comparative tests show that if you practice a chimney at the bottom of the room without intermediate corridor, the arc does not always reach the chimney, and that inversely, if one has a corridor without chimney, the bow does not install at the bottom of the hallway so that there is repetitive arc reclining between the contacts. It is therefore the conjunction of the narrow intermediate portion 70b of the corridor and the chimney 70c which allows to quickly and sustainably move the arc contacts.
  • FIG 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, wherein each of the planar fins of the first embodiment is replaced by two lateral wings 154a, 154b. Each lateral wing is then provided with a recess tongue in the rear wall and a tongue recess in the side wall. This variant simplifies the manufacture of the fins, and possibly allows a mounting fins staggered.
  • a third embodiment of the invention, illustrated on the figure 6 was therefore developed specifically for a narrow-width apparatus with a narrow arc extinction chamber.
  • the corridor 270 runs directly along one of the side walls 246 and is delimited on the opposite lateral side by fins 254, pressed against the side wall 244.
  • the width of the fins, measured between the passage 270 and the wall 244, is then sufficient to that the side walls do not significantly impede the penetration of gas between the fins 254.
  • the tests show that the gases penetrate well between the fins 254 and cool there.
  • the direct exposure of the wall 246 to the arc makes this device difficult to control and requires a non-gasogenic wall and good heat capacity, for example porous ceramic.
  • a fourth embodiment of the invention is illustrated on the figure 7 and solves this residual problem.
  • reference signs used in the first embodiment have been used as far as possible for parts corresponding to similar parts of the first embodiment. embodiment, increased by 300.
  • a median plane 302 of the chamber located midway from the side walls 344, 346 of the chamber.
  • the contacts 318 are located laterally offset from the median plane 302.
  • the separators 354 are cut to define a corridor 370 having a mouth 370a, a middle portion 370b and a chimney 370c.
  • the middle part 370b extends obliquely with respect to the median plane.
  • the corridor 370 approaches one of the side walls away from the opening volume 338. Between the middle portion of the corridor 370b and the wall 344, the fins have a small width, while the other side of the corridor 370b, the width of the fins is greater. This phenomenon is accentuated by approaching the bottom of the room.
  • the chimney 370c is constituted in this embodiment by an elbow of the corridor. The insertion of the arc in the corridor 370 is not impeded by the particular arrangement of the corridor, because it remains in a radial plane with respect to the reference geometric axis.
  • the side walls 344, 346 of the chamber are sufficiently protected from the arc due to the interposition of the fins 354, even on the side where they are narrower.
  • the arc is installed in the chimney 370c and remains there.
  • the gases emitted at the periphery of the arc then find between the passage 370b and the wall 346 wide fins which provide efficient cooling and which also allow sufficient flow.
  • This arrangement offers the advantage over the embodiment of the figure 6 , to protect the side wall 344 of the chamber located on the narrow fins side, without impeding the flow of gas.
  • the upper electrode may be omitted in some cases.
  • the fins are preferably parallel to each other, which promotes a uniform flow of gas and a continuous exchange with the entire surface of the fins.
  • other provisions may be considered.
  • the angle of inclination of the fins relative to the reference direction may be greater or less, between 0 and 90 °, typically between 30 and 60 °. It can be seen that a strong inclination favors the rise in tension of the arc at the beginning of the opening, probably because at the beginning of the opening, the foot of the arc is rapidly projected towards the free end of the electrode by the electromagnetic effect of the contact member U, so that the arc is itself inclined and can embrace a greater number of fins if they are themselves same inclined.
  • the flow of gas laterally from the chimney to the prechamber can be promoted by the establishment of intermediate insulating partitions parallel to the side walls and delimiting with them lateral channels on either side of the median corridor.
  • the invention applies both to the double-break pole, having a movable contact bridge and two breaking chambers per pole, to a pole having only one arc extinction chamber per pole.
  • the movable contact may be rotatable or movable in translation.
  • the fixed contact 20 may be replaced by a movable contact, driven by the driving mechanism of the contacts in opposition with the contact 22, or by a semi-moving contact, driven by a contact pressure spring.
  • the invention although it finds its prime application in sealed extinguishing chambers, is also applicable to arc extinguishing chambers provided with a gas evacuation port. In this case, it seems preferable to avoid any escape near the bottom of the chimney and the lower electrode. An exhaust from the top of the chimney, near the upper electrode or through holes in the upper electrode is possible.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP03354028A 2002-04-29 2003-03-25 Appareillage électrique de coupure comportant une chambre d'extinction d'arc munie d'ailettes de désionisation Expired - Lifetime EP1359596B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0205344 2002-04-29
FR0205344A FR2839195B1 (fr) 2002-04-29 2002-04-29 Appareillage electrique de coupure comportant une chambre d'extinction d'arc munie d'ailettes de desionisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1359596A1 EP1359596A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP1359596B1 true EP1359596B1 (fr) 2010-11-17

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US (1) US6794595B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1359596B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1270336C (zh)
DE (1) DE60334953D1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2839195B1 (zh)

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CN104303253A (zh) * 2012-04-10 2015-01-21 Abb技术有限公司 用于低压、中压及高压应用的开关的灭弧装置
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JP6808671B2 (ja) * 2018-03-20 2021-01-06 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
CN109859973A (zh) * 2019-03-20 2019-06-07 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 低压断路器灭弧室
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WO2024017046A1 (zh) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-25 上海良信电器股份有限公司 开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1359596A1 (fr) 2003-11-05
CN1270336C (zh) 2006-08-16
US6794595B2 (en) 2004-09-21
US20030201853A1 (en) 2003-10-30
FR2839195A1 (fr) 2003-10-31
CN1455425A (zh) 2003-11-12
FR2839195B1 (fr) 2004-07-23
DE60334953D1 (de) 2010-12-30

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