EP1359306B1 - Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1359306B1
EP1359306B1 EP03004640A EP03004640A EP1359306B1 EP 1359306 B1 EP1359306 B1 EP 1359306B1 EP 03004640 A EP03004640 A EP 03004640A EP 03004640 A EP03004640 A EP 03004640A EP 1359306 B1 EP1359306 B1 EP 1359306B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
low
pressure accumulator
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03004640A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1359306A2 (en
EP1359306A3 (en
Inventor
Patrick Mattes
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1359306A3 publication Critical patent/EP1359306A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
    • F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
    • F02M63/029—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail per cylinder bank, e.g. storing different fuels or fuels at different pressure levels per cylinder bank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/54—Arrangement of fuel pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606—Fuel temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/705—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with means for filling or emptying hydraulic chamber, e.g. for compensating clearance or thermal expansion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fuel injection device is characterized by the DE 197 41 532 A known.
  • a high-pressure pump is provided, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator.
  • the injectors are connected to a common fuel return line, which may be referred to as low pressure accumulator.
  • the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is limited by a pressure relief valve.
  • the fuel return line leads back to the tank and thus the ambient pressure prevails.
  • an injector which has a fuel injection valve and a control valve controlling it, wherein the control valve has a piezoelectric actuator and a hydraulic translation associated therewith, which is connected to a low-pressure inlet and is filled from this.
  • the low pressure inlet is not specified here.
  • a fuel injection device which has a high-pressure pump, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator.
  • the high-pressure accumulator arranged on cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors are connected.
  • a further memory in which is set by a pressure regulator, a lower pressure than in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • a pressure control valve is controlled by Abêtn of fuel from the high-pressure accumulator via a Abêtitati in the other memory, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the pressure regulator in the additional memory is set to a lower value than the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the pressure in the additional memory is set by the pressure regulator to a minimum injection pressure of a motor, as an example value 12 MPa are given corresponding to 120 bar.
  • the further memory serves to ensure that in the event of failure of the pressure regulating valve in its open state, a fuel injection with the in the other memory prevailing pressure can take place.
  • the injectors are not connected to the further memory in this Kraftatoffeinspritz worn but only with the high-pressure accumulator, which is connected in the event of failure of the pressure control valve in its open state with the other memory.
  • the further memory is provided to prevent a defect in the pressure control valve a complete pressure drop in the high-pressure accumulator and thus to allow emergency operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injection device with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that is provided for filling the hydraulic transmission device of the piezoelectric actuator of the injectors, the low-pressure accumulator, in which by the pressure holding valve, a minimum pressure is maintained and by targeted by Abêtung of fuel from the high-pressure accumulator means the pressure control valve can be filled with fuel, with no additional pump is required.
  • the fuel diverted from the high-pressure accumulator is heated, so that the injectors are quickly brought to their operating temperature and their operation is stabilized.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a simplified schematic representation
  • Figure 2 shows an injector of the fuel injection device in an enlarged view.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine is preferably a self-igniting internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injector has a high-pressure pump 10, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in at least one high-pressure accumulator 12.
  • the high-pressure pump 10 is mechanically driven by the internal combustion engine and this has one or more pump elements which are driven by a drive in a lifting movement.
  • the suction side of the high-pressure pump 10 is supplied fuel from a fuel reservoir 14 by means of a feed pump 16.
  • the feed pump 16 can be driven by the high-pressure pump 10 or together with the high-pressure pump 10 by the internal combustion engine. Alternatively, the feed pump 16 may also have its own drive, for example an electric motor drive.
  • the injectors 20 each have a fuel injection valve 22 and a control valve 24.
  • the control valve 24 has a piezoelectric actuator 26 which is connected to an electronic control device 28 and is driven by this with an electrical voltage.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 26 changes depending on the voltage with which it is driven, its length and causes via a hydraulic transmission device 30, a pressure change in an actuator pressure chamber 32 through which a control valve member 34 changes its position.
  • the fuel injection valve 22 has an injection valve member 36 which is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in the high-pressure accumulator 12 in an opening direction and which is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in a control pressure chamber 38 and optionally a closing spring 40 in a closing direction.
  • the control pressure chamber 38 is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 12 and has a through the control valve member 34 controlled connection with a discharge area, as at least indirectly, the fuel tank 14 may serve. If the actuator 26 is not activated and thus de-energized, the pressure in the actuator pressure chamber 32 is low, so that the connection of the control pressure chamber 38 to the discharge region is interrupted by the control valve member 34.
  • the control pressure chamber 38 thus has high pressure as in the high-pressure accumulator 12 and the injection valve member 36 is held in its closed position, so that no fuel injection takes place.
  • the actuator 26 is acted upon by the control device 28 with an electrical voltage, the pressure in the actuator pressure chamber 32 increases, so that the control valve member 34 releases the connection of the control pressure chamber 38 to the discharge area.
  • fuel can flow out of the control pressure chamber 38, so that the pressure drops and the injection valve member 36 moves in the opening direction, so that a fuel injection takes place.
  • the hydraulic transmission devices 30 of the injectors 20 are connected to a common low-pressure accumulator 50.
  • a predetermined pressure is maintained by a pressure-maintaining valve 52, for example between about 5 and 20 bar.
  • the pressure-maintaining valve 52 opens and allows fuel to flow out of the low-pressure accumulator 50, for example at least indirectly into the fuel reservoir 14 as a relief region. It can be provided that with the control valve 24 open by means of the control valve member 34 controlled from the control pressure chamber 38 fuel is passed into the low-pressure accumulator 50 as a discharge area.
  • the low-pressure accumulator 50 In the connection of the translation devices 30 with the low-pressure accumulator 50 is in each case one of the Translation 30 towards opening check valve 54 is arranged, through which a filling of the translation device 30 from the low pressure accumulator 50 is made possible, but no fuel from the translation device 30 can flow into the low pressure accumulator 50.
  • the low pressure accumulator 50 ensures that the translation devices 30 are filled with fuel and thus the injectors 20 are functional.
  • the fuel injection device also has a pressure control valve 60, by means of which the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 12 can be regulated.
  • the pressure control valve 60 fuel can be removed from the high-pressure accumulator 12, whereby the pressure in the high pressure accumulator 12 is reduced.
  • the pressure control valve 60 may be formed as an electrically operated valve, for example as a 2/2-way valve, which can flow between the closed position in which no fuel can flow from the high pressure accumulator 12, and an open position in the fuel from the high-pressure accumulator 12 , is switchable.
  • the pressure control valve 60 is actuated by the control device 28, by means of the pressure control valve 60, a variable pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 12 can be adjusted.
  • the pressure regulating valve 60 has a shut-off connection 62 to a low-pressure region, to which the fuel diverted from the high-pressure accumulator 12 is supplied. According to the invention it is provided that the Abêtitati 62 of the pressure control valve 60 with the low pressure accumulator 50 is connected as a low pressure region.
  • a switching valve 64 is arranged, through which the Ab Kunststoffitati 62 optionally with the low-pressure accumulator 50 or with a return 66 in the fuel tank 14 is connected as a discharge area.
  • the switching valve 64 can be switched, for example, temperature-dependent, such that at lower than a limit temperature fuel temperature, the Ab Kunststofftagen 62 is connected to the low-pressure accumulator 50 and lying above the limit temperature fuel temperature, the Ab Kunststofftagen 62 is connected to the return line 66 to the fuel tank 14.
  • the switching valve 64 may have a contact with the fuel in contact switching element 68, which changes its shape depending on the fuel temperature and thereby causes the switching.
  • the switching element 68 may for example consist of bimetal, in which results in the change in shape due to the different expansion coefficients of two different metals with temperature change.
  • the injectors 20 For a reliable function of the injectors 20, a complete filling of their hydraulic gear means 30 is required, which is ensured by their connection to the low-pressure accumulator 50.
  • a filling of the low-pressure accumulator 50 with fuel is made possible by the amount of fuel diverted by the pressure regulating valve 60. It can be provided that during the starting process of the internal combustion engine, the pressure control valve 60 is controlled by the controller 28 such that this fuel can flow from the high-pressure accumulator 12, which is the low-pressure accumulator 50 is supplied and generates the required low pressure in this, so that a filling of the hydraulic translation devices 30 of the injectors 20 is ensured.
  • heating of the injectors 20 can first be achieved by the fuel which has been removed from the high-pressure accumulator 12, so that they quickly reach a stable operating temperature. Excessive heating of the injectors 20 is avoided by the switching valve 64 by this connects the high-pressure fuel line 62, the Abêtitati 62 of the pressure control valve 60 directly to the return 66, so that the low-pressure accumulator no more fuel is supplied. For the filling of the low-pressure accumulator 50 thus no additional pump is required.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine solche Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist durch die DE 197 41 532 A bekannt. Bei dieser Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist eine Hochdruckpumpe vorgesehen, durch die Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck in einen Hochdruckspeicher gefördert wird. Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher sind an Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnete Injektoren verbunden sind. Die Injektoren sind mit einer gemeinsamen Kraftstoffrücklaufleitung verbunden, die als Niederdruckspeicher bezeichnet werden kann. Der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher wird durch ein Überdruckventil begrenzt. Die Kraftstoffrücklaufleitung führt zum Tank zurück und in dieser herrscht somit Umgebungsdruck.Such a fuel injection device is characterized by the DE 197 41 532 A known. In this fuel injection device, a high-pressure pump is provided, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator. With the high-pressure accumulator arranged on cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors are connected. The injectors are connected to a common fuel return line, which may be referred to as low pressure accumulator. The pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is limited by a pressure relief valve. The fuel return line leads back to the tank and thus the ambient pressure prevails.

Durch die DE 195 19 192 C ist ein Injektor bekannt, der ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und ein dieses steuerndes Steuerventil aufweist, wobei das Steuerventil einen piezoelektrischen Aktor und eine diesem zugeordnete hydraulische Übersetzungseinrichtung aufweist, die mit einem Niederdruckzulauf verbunden ist und aus diesem befüllt wird. Der Niederdruckzulauf ist hierbei nicht näher spezifiziert.By the DE 195 19 192 C an injector is known, which has a fuel injection valve and a control valve controlling it, wherein the control valve has a piezoelectric actuator and a hydraulic translation associated therewith, which is connected to a low-pressure inlet and is filled from this. The low pressure inlet is not specified here.

Durch die DE 196 40 826 ist außerdem eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung bekannt, die eine Hochdruckpumpe aufweist, durch die Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck in einen Hochdruckspeicher gefördert wird. Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher sind an Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnete Injektoren verbunden. Es ist außerdem ein weiterer Speicher vorgesehen, in dem durch einen Druckregler ein niederigerer Druck eingestellt wird als im Hochdruckspeicher. Durch ein Druckregelventil ist durch Absteuern von Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher über eine Absteuerverbindung in den weiteren Speicher der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher regelbar. Durch den Druckregler wird der Druck im weiteren Speicher auf einen niedrigeren Wert eingestellt, als der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher. Der Druck im weiteren Speicher wird durch den Druckregler auf einen minimalen Einspritzdruck eines Motors eingestellt wird, als Beispielwert sind 12 MPa entsprechend 120 bar angegeben. Der weitere Speicher dient dazu, dass im Falle eines Versagens des Druckregelventils in seinem geöffneten Zustand eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit dem im weiteren Speicher herrschenden Druck erfolgen kann. Die Injektoren sind bei dieser Kraftatoffeinspritzeinrichtung nicht mit dem weiteren Speicher verbunden sondern nur mit dem Hochdruckspeicher, der im Falle des Versagens des Druckregelventils in dessen geöffnetem Zustand mit dem weiteren Speicher verbunden ist. Bei dieser Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung ist somit der weitere Speicher vorgesehen, um bei einem Defekt des Druckregelventils einen vollständigen Druckabfall im Hochdruckspeicher zu verhindern und damit einen Notbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine zu ermöglichen.By the DE 196 40 826 In addition, a fuel injection device is known which has a high-pressure pump, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in a high-pressure accumulator. With the high-pressure accumulator arranged on cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors are connected. There is also provided a further memory in which is set by a pressure regulator, a lower pressure than in the high-pressure accumulator. By a pressure control valve is controlled by Absteuern of fuel from the high-pressure accumulator via a Absteuerverbindung in the other memory, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator. The pressure regulator in the additional memory is set to a lower value than the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator. The pressure in the additional memory is set by the pressure regulator to a minimum injection pressure of a motor, as an example value 12 MPa are given corresponding to 120 bar. The further memory serves to ensure that in the event of failure of the pressure regulating valve in its open state, a fuel injection with the in the other memory prevailing pressure can take place. The injectors are not connected to the further memory in this Kraftatoffeinspritzeinrichtung but only with the high-pressure accumulator, which is connected in the event of failure of the pressure control valve in its open state with the other memory. In this fuel injection device thus the further memory is provided to prevent a defect in the pressure control valve a complete pressure drop in the high-pressure accumulator and thus to allow emergency operation of the internal combustion engine.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass zur Befüllung der hydraulischen Übersetzungseinrichtung des piezoelektrischen Aktors der Injektoren der Niederdruckspeicher vorgesehen ist, in dem durch das Druckhalteventil ein Mindestdruck aufrechterhalten wird und der gezielt durch Absteuerung von Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher mittels des Druckregelventils mit Kraftstoff befüllt werden kann, wobei keine zusätzliche Förderpumpe erforderlich ist. Der aus dem Hochdruckspeicher abgesteuerte Kraftstoff ist dabei erwärmt, so dass die Injektoren schnell auf ihre Betriebstemperatur gebracht werden und deren Betrieb stabilisiert wird.The fuel injection device according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that is provided for filling the hydraulic transmission device of the piezoelectric actuator of the injectors, the low-pressure accumulator, in which by the pressure holding valve, a minimum pressure is maintained and by targeted by Absteuerung of fuel from the high-pressure accumulator means the pressure control valve can be filled with fuel, with no additional pump is required. The fuel diverted from the high-pressure accumulator is heated, so that the injectors are quickly brought to their operating temperature and their operation is stabilized.

In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung angegeben. Die Ausbildung gemäß den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 ermöglicht auf einfache Weise eine Umschaltung der Absteuerverbindung zwischen dem Niederdruckspeicher und dem Entlastungsbereich, wodurch eine zu starke Erwärmung der Injektoren vermieden werden kann. Die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 5 ermöglicht einen Druckaufbau im Niederdruckspeicher beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine und damit ein zuverlässiges Starten der Brennkraftmaschine.In the dependent claims advantageous refinements and developments of the fuel injection device according to the invention are given. The embodiment according to claims 2 to 4 allows a simple way to switch the Absteuerverbindung between the low pressure accumulator and the discharge area, whereby excessive heating of the injectors can be avoided. The embodiment according to claim 5 allows a pressure build-up in the low-pressure accumulator when starting the internal combustion engine and thus a reliable starting of the internal combustion engine.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung und Figur 2 einen Injektor der Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung in vergrößerter Darstellung.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in a simplified schematic representation and Figure 2 shows an injector of the fuel injection device in an enlarged view.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Figur 1 ist eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist vorzugsweise eine selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschine. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist eine Hochdruckpumpe 10 auf, durch die Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck in wenigstens einen Hochdruckspeicher 12 gefördert wird. Die Hochdruckpumpe 10 wird mechanisch durch die Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben und diese weist ein oder mehrere Pumpenelemente auf, die durch einen Antrieb in einer Hubbewegung angetrieben werden. Der Saugseite der Hochdruckpumpe 10 wird Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 mittels einer Förderpumpe 16 zugeführt. Die Förderpumpe 16 kann durch die Hochdruckpumpe 10 oder zusammen mit der Hochdruckpumpe 10 durch die Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben werden. Alternativ kann die Förderpumpe 16 auch einen eigenen Antrieb, beispielsweise einen elektromotorischen Antrieb aufweisen.FIG. 1 shows a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The internal combustion engine is preferably a self-igniting internal combustion engine. The fuel injector has a high-pressure pump 10, is conveyed by the fuel under high pressure in at least one high-pressure accumulator 12. The high-pressure pump 10 is mechanically driven by the internal combustion engine and this has one or more pump elements which are driven by a drive in a lifting movement. The suction side of the high-pressure pump 10 is supplied fuel from a fuel reservoir 14 by means of a feed pump 16. The feed pump 16 can be driven by the high-pressure pump 10 or together with the high-pressure pump 10 by the internal combustion engine. Alternatively, the feed pump 16 may also have its own drive, for example an electric motor drive.

Mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 sind an den Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnete Injektoren 20 verbunden. Die Injektoren 20 weisen wie in Figur 2 dargestellt jeweils ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 22 und ein Steuerventil 24 auf. Das Steuerventil 24 weist einen piezoelektrischen Aktor 26 auf, der mit einer elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 28 verbunden ist und durch diese mit einer elektrischen Spannung angesteuert wird. Der piezoelektrische Aktor 26 ändert abhängig von der Spannung, mit der dieser angesteuert wird, seine Länge und bewirkt dabei über eine hydraulische Übersetzungseinrichtung 30 eine Druckänderung in einem Aktordruckraum 32, durch den ein Steuerventilglied 34 seine Lage ändert. Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 22 weist ein Einspritzventilglied 36 auf, das durch den im Hochdruckspeicher 12 herrschenden Druck in einer Öffnungsrichtung beaufschlagt ist und das durch den in einem Steuerdruckraum 38 herrschenden Druck sowie gegebenenfalls eine Schließfeder 40 in einer Schließrichtung beaufschlagt ist. Durch das Einspritzventilglied 36 wird wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung 42 gesteuert. Der Steuerdruckraum 38 ist mit dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 verbunden und weist eine durch das Steuerventilglied 34 gesteuerte Verbindung mit einem Entlastungsbereich auf, als der zumindest mittelbar der Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 dienen kann. Wenn der Aktor 26 nicht angesteuert und somit spannungslos ist, so ist der Druck im Aktordruckraum 32 gering, so daß durch das Steuerventilglied 34 die Verbindung des Steuerdruckraums 38 zum Entlastungsbereich unterbrochen ist. Im Steuerdruckraum 38 herrscht somit hoher Druck wie im Hochdruckspeicher 12 und das Einspritzventilglied 36 wird in seiner geschlossenen Stellung gehalten, so daß keine Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt. Wenn der Aktor 26 durch die Steuereinrichtung 28 mit einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagt wird, so steigt der Druck im Aktordruckraum 32 an, so daß das Steuerventilglied 34 die Verbindung des Steuerdruckraums 38 zum Entlastungsbereich freigibt. Dabei kann aus dem Steuerdruckraum 38 Kraftstoff abfließen, so daß der Druck sinkt und sich das Einspritzventilglied 36 in Öffnungsrichtung bewegt, so daß eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt.With the high-pressure accumulator 12 arranged on the cylinders of the internal combustion engine injectors 20 are connected. As shown in FIG. 2, the injectors 20 each have a fuel injection valve 22 and a control valve 24. The control valve 24 has a piezoelectric actuator 26 which is connected to an electronic control device 28 and is driven by this with an electrical voltage. The piezoelectric actuator 26 changes depending on the voltage with which it is driven, its length and causes via a hydraulic transmission device 30, a pressure change in an actuator pressure chamber 32 through which a control valve member 34 changes its position. The fuel injection valve 22 has an injection valve member 36 which is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in the high-pressure accumulator 12 in an opening direction and which is acted upon by the pressure prevailing in a control pressure chamber 38 and optionally a closing spring 40 in a closing direction. By the injection valve member 36 at least one injection port 42 is controlled. The control pressure chamber 38 is connected to the high-pressure accumulator 12 and has a through the control valve member 34 controlled connection with a discharge area, as at least indirectly, the fuel tank 14 may serve. If the actuator 26 is not activated and thus de-energized, the pressure in the actuator pressure chamber 32 is low, so that the connection of the control pressure chamber 38 to the discharge region is interrupted by the control valve member 34. The control pressure chamber 38 thus has high pressure as in the high-pressure accumulator 12 and the injection valve member 36 is held in its closed position, so that no fuel injection takes place. When the actuator 26 is acted upon by the control device 28 with an electrical voltage, the pressure in the actuator pressure chamber 32 increases, so that the control valve member 34 releases the connection of the control pressure chamber 38 to the discharge area. In this case, fuel can flow out of the control pressure chamber 38, so that the pressure drops and the injection valve member 36 moves in the opening direction, so that a fuel injection takes place.

Die hydraulischen Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 der Injektoren 20 sind mit einem gemeinsamen Niederdruckspeicher 50 verbunden. Im Niederdruckspeicher 50 wird durch ein Druckhalteventil 52 ein vorgegebener Druck aufrechterhalten, beispielsweise zwischen etwa 5 und 20 bar. Wenn der vorgegebene Druck überschritten wird, so öffnet das Druckhalteventil 52 und lässt Kraftstoff aus dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 abfließen, beispielsweise zumindest mittelbar in den Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 als Entlastungsbereich. Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß der bei geöffnetem Steuerventil 24 mittels des Steuerventilglieds 34 aus dem Steuerdruckraum 38 abgesteuerter Kraftstoff in den Niederdruckspeicher 50 als Entlastungsbereich geleitet wird. In der Verbindung der Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 mit dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 ist jeweils ein zu den Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 hin öffnendes Rückschlagventil 54 angeordnet, durch das eine Befüllung der Übersetzungseinrichtung 30 aus dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 ermöglicht ist, jedoch kein Kraftstoff aus der Übersetzungseinrichtung 30 in den Niederdruckspeicher 50 abfließen kann. Durch den Niederdruckspeicher 50 ist sichergestellt, daß die Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 mit Kraftstoff befüllt sind und somit die Injektoren 20 funktionsfähig sind.The hydraulic transmission devices 30 of the injectors 20 are connected to a common low-pressure accumulator 50. In the low-pressure accumulator 50, a predetermined pressure is maintained by a pressure-maintaining valve 52, for example between about 5 and 20 bar. When the predetermined pressure is exceeded, the pressure-maintaining valve 52 opens and allows fuel to flow out of the low-pressure accumulator 50, for example at least indirectly into the fuel reservoir 14 as a relief region. It can be provided that with the control valve 24 open by means of the control valve member 34 controlled from the control pressure chamber 38 fuel is passed into the low-pressure accumulator 50 as a discharge area. In the connection of the translation devices 30 with the low-pressure accumulator 50 is in each case one of the Translation 30 towards opening check valve 54 is arranged, through which a filling of the translation device 30 from the low pressure accumulator 50 is made possible, but no fuel from the translation device 30 can flow into the low pressure accumulator 50. By the low pressure accumulator 50 ensures that the translation devices 30 are filled with fuel and thus the injectors 20 are functional.

Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung weist außerdem ein Druckregelventil 60 auf, mittels dem der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 12 geregelt werden kann. Durch das Druckregelventil 60 kann Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abgesteuert werden, wodurch der Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 12 verringert wird. Das Druckregelventil 60 kann als elektrisch betätigtes Ventil ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als 2/2-Wegeventil, das zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung, in der kein Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abfließen kann, und einer geöffneten Stellung, in der Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abfließen kann, umschaltbar ist. Das Druckregelventil 60 wird durch die Steuereinrichtung 28 angesteuert, durch die mittels des Druckregelventils 60 ein variabler Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 12 eingestellt werden kann. Das Druckregelventil 60 weist eine Absteuerverbindung 62 zu einem Niederdruckbereich auf, dem der aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abgesteuerte Kraftstoff zugeführt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß die Absteuerverbindung 62 des Druckregelventils 60 mit dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 als Niederdruckbereich verbindbar ist.The fuel injection device also has a pressure control valve 60, by means of which the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 12 can be regulated. By the pressure control valve 60 fuel can be removed from the high-pressure accumulator 12, whereby the pressure in the high pressure accumulator 12 is reduced. The pressure control valve 60 may be formed as an electrically operated valve, for example as a 2/2-way valve, which can flow between the closed position in which no fuel can flow from the high pressure accumulator 12, and an open position in the fuel from the high-pressure accumulator 12 , is switchable. The pressure control valve 60 is actuated by the control device 28, by means of the pressure control valve 60, a variable pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 12 can be adjusted. The pressure regulating valve 60 has a shut-off connection 62 to a low-pressure region, to which the fuel diverted from the high-pressure accumulator 12 is supplied. According to the invention it is provided that the Absteuerverbindung 62 of the pressure control valve 60 with the low pressure accumulator 50 is connected as a low pressure region.

In der Absteuerverbindung 62 des Druckregelventils 60 ist ein Umschaltventil 64 angeordnet, durch das die Absteuerverbindung 62 wahlweise mit dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 oder mit einem Rücklauf 66 in den Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 als Entlastungsbereich verbindbar ist. Das Umschaltventil 64 kann beispielsweise temperaturabhängig geschaltet werden, derart, daß bei unter einer Grenztemperatur liegender Kraftstofftemperatur die Absteuerverbindung 62 mit dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 verbunden ist und bei über der Grenztemperatur liegender Kraftstofftemperatur die Absteuerverbindung 62 mit dem Rücklauf 66 zum Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 verbunden ist. Das Umschaltventil 64 kann dabei ein mit dem Kraftstoff in Kontakt stehendes Schaltelement 68 aufweisen, das abhängig von der Kraftstofftemperatur seine Form ändert und dadurch die Umschaltung bewirkt. Das Schaltelement 68 kann beispielsweise aus Bimetall bestehen, bei dem sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten zweier verschiedener Metalle bei Temperaturänderung die Formänderung ergibt.In the Absteuerverbindung 62 of the pressure control valve 60, a switching valve 64 is arranged, through which the Absteuerverbindung 62 optionally with the low-pressure accumulator 50 or with a return 66 in the fuel tank 14 is connected as a discharge area. The switching valve 64 can be switched, for example, temperature-dependent, such that at lower than a limit temperature fuel temperature, the Absteuerverbindung 62 is connected to the low-pressure accumulator 50 and lying above the limit temperature fuel temperature, the Absteuerverbindung 62 is connected to the return line 66 to the fuel tank 14. The switching valve 64 may have a contact with the fuel in contact switching element 68, which changes its shape depending on the fuel temperature and thereby causes the switching. The switching element 68 may for example consist of bimetal, in which results in the change in shape due to the different expansion coefficients of two different metals with temperature change.

Für eine zuverlässige Funktion der Injektoren 20 ist eine vollständige Befüllung von deren hydraulischen Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 erforderlich, die durch deren Verbindung mit dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 gewährleistet wird. Eine Befüllung des Niederdruckspeichers 50 mit Kraftstoff ist durch die vom Druckregelventil 60 abgesteuerte Kraftstoffmenge ermöglicht. Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß beim Startvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine das Druckregelventil 60 durch die Steuereinrichtung 28 derart angesteuert wird, daß dieses Kraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abfließen läßt, der dem Niederdruckspeicher 50 zugeführt wird und in diesem den erforderlichen Niederdruck erzeugt, so daß eine Befüllung der hydraulischen Übersetzungseinrichtungen 30 der Injektoren 20 sichergestellt wird. Dies ermöglicht ein sicheres Starten der Brennkraftmaschine auch wenn der Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 14 zuvor vollständig entleert wurde oder bei einem Heißstart der Brennkraftmaschine. Außerdem kann durch den aus dem Hochdruckspeicher 12 abgesteuerten Kraftstoff zunächst eine Erwärmung der Injektoren 20 erreicht werden, so daß diese schnell eine stabile Betriebstemperatur erreichen. Eine zu starke Erwärmung der Injektoren 20 ist durch das Umschaltventil 64 vermieden, indem dieses bei hoher Kraftstofftemperatur die Absteuerverbindung 62 des Druckregelventils 60 direkt mit dem Rücklauf 66 verbindet, so daß dem Niederdruckspeicher kein Kraftstoff mehr zugeführt wird. Für die Befüllung des Niederdruckspeichers 50 ist somit keine zusätzliche Förderpumpe erforderlich.For a reliable function of the injectors 20, a complete filling of their hydraulic gear means 30 is required, which is ensured by their connection to the low-pressure accumulator 50. A filling of the low-pressure accumulator 50 with fuel is made possible by the amount of fuel diverted by the pressure regulating valve 60. It can be provided that during the starting process of the internal combustion engine, the pressure control valve 60 is controlled by the controller 28 such that this fuel can flow from the high-pressure accumulator 12, which is the low-pressure accumulator 50 is supplied and generates the required low pressure in this, so that a filling of the hydraulic translation devices 30 of the injectors 20 is ensured. This allows a safe starting of the internal combustion engine even if the fuel tank 14 previously completely emptied was or at a hot start of the engine. In addition, heating of the injectors 20 can first be achieved by the fuel which has been removed from the high-pressure accumulator 12, so that they quickly reach a stable operating temperature. Excessive heating of the injectors 20 is avoided by the switching valve 64 by this connects the high-pressure fuel line 62, the Absteuerverbindung 62 of the pressure control valve 60 directly to the return 66, so that the low-pressure accumulator no more fuel is supplied. For the filling of the low-pressure accumulator 50 thus no additional pump is required.

Claims (5)

  1. Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine having a high-pressure pump (10) by means of which fuel is conveyed under high pressure into at least one high-pressure accumulator (12) to which are connected injectors (20) which are arranged at cylinders of the internal combustion engine, with the injectors (20) being connected to a common low-pressure accumulator (50), with a predefined low pressure being maintained in the low-pressure accumulator (50) by means of a pressure-maintaining valve (52), with a pressure regulating valve (60) being provided, by means of which the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator (12) can be regulated by discharging fuel out of the at least one high-pressure accumulator (12) via a discharge connection (62) into a low-pressure region, with it being possible for the discharge connection (62) of the pressure regulating valve (60) to be connected to the low-pressure accumulator (50), with the injectors (20) in each case having a fuel injection valve (22) and a control valve (24) which controls the latter, characterized in that the control valve (24) has a piezoelectric actuator (26) and a hydraulic booster device (30) which is assigned to the latter, and in that the hydraulic booster device (30) is connected to the low-pressure accumulator (50) and is filled from the latter.
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that a switching valve (64) is provided, by means of which the discharge connection (62) of the pressure regulating valve (60) can be selectively connected to the low-pressure accumulator (50) or to a relief region (66, 14).
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the switching valve (64) is switched as a function of the temperature of the fuel in such a way that, at a low fuel temperature, the discharge connection (62) of the pressure regulating valve (60) is connected to the low-pressure accumulator (50), and at a high fuel temperature, the discharge connection (62) of the pressure regulating valve (60) is connected to the relief region (66, 14).
  4. Fuel injection device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the switching valve (64) has a switching element (68) which is in contact with the fuel, which switching element (68) changes its shape in a temperature-dependent fashion and thereby brings about the switching action.
  5. Fuel injection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the internal combustion engine is started, the pressure regulating valve (60) is activated in such a way that the latter discharges fuel out of the high-pressure accumulator (12), and the discharge connection (62) of the pressure regulating valve (60) is connected to the low-pressure accumulator (50).
EP03004640A 2002-04-23 2003-03-03 Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1359306B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10218024 2002-04-23
DE10218024A DE10218024A1 (en) 2002-04-23 2002-04-23 Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine

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EP1359306A3 EP1359306A3 (en) 2005-06-15
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US20040016421A1 (en) 2004-01-29
JP2003314398A (en) 2003-11-06
DE50309115D1 (en) 2008-03-20
EP1359306A2 (en) 2003-11-05
US6823846B2 (en) 2004-11-30
EP1359306A3 (en) 2005-06-15
DE10218024A1 (en) 2003-11-06

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