EP2025920B1 - Injection nozzle for fuel - Google Patents

Injection nozzle for fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2025920B1
EP2025920B1 EP08159570A EP08159570A EP2025920B1 EP 2025920 B1 EP2025920 B1 EP 2025920B1 EP 08159570 A EP08159570 A EP 08159570A EP 08159570 A EP08159570 A EP 08159570A EP 2025920 B1 EP2025920 B1 EP 2025920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel
valve
injection
injection nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08159570A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2025920A1 (en
Inventor
Dr. Reiner Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG filed Critical Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Priority to EP08159570A priority Critical patent/EP2025920B1/en
Publication of EP2025920A1 publication Critical patent/EP2025920A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2025920B1 publication Critical patent/EP2025920B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/043—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with cooling means other than air cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/042—The valves being provided with fuel passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0047—Four-way valves or valves with more than four ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/29—Fuel-injection apparatus having rotating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0028—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine with at least one such injection nozzle.
  • injectors which include a nozzle body and a nozzle head connected thereto having a longitudinal bore and one or more nozzle orifices opening from go out of the longitudinal bore to inject fuel into a arranged in a cylinder combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • injectors include a valve needle disposed within the nozzle body and a valve seat which cooperates with the valve needle to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore and the nozzle orifices.
  • valve seat of the fuel injector is located away from the nozzle orifices because it must be sufficiently supported to accommodate the pressure loads resulting from the high injection pressures. This requires a correspondingly robust construction, which takes up relatively much space. But since typically several injectors are provided per cylinder, it would be out Space reasons, difficult to design the areas of the injectors, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber, according to robust. Moreover, in a two-stroke diesel engine, the cylinder head is usually so thick that these portions of the injectors would be barely cooled and thus exposed to very high temperatures during operation if the valve seats of the fuel injectors were not located as usual away from the nozzle holes. Sufficient distance between the valve seats and the corresponding orifices ensures that the valve seats do not overheat during operation and function properly under all operating conditions.
  • the volume of fuel that remains in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head after closing the valve needle is significant.
  • the fuel remaining in the longitudinal bore heats up and may leak into the combustion chamber during the expansion phase due to the decreasing pressure. At this point in time, the temperatures in the combustion chamber may already have dropped to such an extent that they are no longer sufficient for complete combustion.
  • the volume of the remaining fuel in the longitudinal bore has a significant influence on the soot emission of the diesel engine.
  • WO 93/07386 An injection nozzle is described with a nozzle head which comprises a longitudinal bore and a nozzle opening, and with a valve which comprises a valve seat and a closing part in order to open and close the fuel supply to the nozzle head and the nozzle opening.
  • the injector after WO 93/07386 additionally comprises a closing element designed as a sleeve, which is firmly connected to the closing part of the valve in order to open and close the nozzle opening. With the additional closing element, the unwanted escape of fuel from the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head can be prevented during the expansion phase.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an injector for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine available, the closing part and closing element are easier to manufacture, and no critical coordination between the cross-sectional profile in the valve seat of the valve and requires the cross-sectional profile at the nozzle orifices.
  • a further object is to provide a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine with at least one such injection nozzle available.
  • the injector according to the invention for injecting fuel into a diesel engine comprises a nozzle body and a nozzle head connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore and one or more nozzle openings, which emanate from the longitudinal bore to fuel in a combustion chamber of the diesel engine inject.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle arranged in the interior of the nozzle body and a valve seat which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore and to the nozzle openings.
  • a slide for opening and closing the nozzle openings is additionally provided in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head, which is provided with its own actuator to operate the slide in operation offset in time from the valve needle.
  • the slide for opening and closing the nozzle openings in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head is displaceable and / or rotatable relative thereto.
  • the slider may be formed, for example, as a sleeve or part of a sleeve or as a cylindrical part or part of a cylindrical part.
  • the actuator of the slide is designed as an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston or as a hydraulic rotary valve drive.
  • the actuator of the spool may be connected to the fuel supply to the injector to control the spool with the pressure of the fuel supplied.
  • the actuator of the slide comprises a return spring, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston or rotary valve drive can be brought into an initial or rest position.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body and / or nozzle head.
  • the circuit may be fueled and, if desired, connected to a reduced pressure fuel system.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a control valve, which may be arranged in an upper part or region of the injection nozzle to the actuation of the slide and / or the fuel supply to the injection nozzle and / or, if present, a circuit for cooling the nozzle body and / or nozzle head to control.
  • the invention further includes a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, with at least one injection nozzle for injecting fuel according to one or more of the embodiments and variants described above.
  • a diesel engine in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, with at least one injection nozzle for injecting fuel according to one or more of the embodiments and variants described above.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a conventional injector 10 for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular in a two-stroke large diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle 10 comprises a nozzle holder 1, a nozzle body 2 with a cylinder bore and a nozzle head 3 with a longitudinal bore 5 and nozzle openings 4 extending from the longitudinal bore to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle 10 comprises a piston 8, which is arranged movably in the cylinder bore, a valve needle 6, which in the in Fig.
  • Fig. 2A shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, according to the present invention.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and at least one nozzle opening 4.1, 4.2, which starts from the longitudinal bore, in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the at least one nozzle opening 4.1, 4.2.
  • a slide 14 for opening and closing the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 is provided in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 3 in addition, which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head with advantage, and with its own 8.2, 9.2, 15 is provided to operate the slide 14 in operation offset in time from the valve needle 6.
  • a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 2A is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring 9.1, the spring force on a case by case basis Piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to these in the injection breaks and in the To press rest against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 can be acted upon by a fuel supply 12 with the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the slider 14 may, for example, as in Fig. 2A shown as a sleeve or occasionally be formed as part of a sleeve or as a cylindrical part or part of a cylindrical part, wherein in the sleeve or in the said parts case by case one or more openings are provided, the injection of fuel into the injection valve 14 or the the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 release.
  • the actuator of the slider 14 is designed as a hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston 8.2, which is arranged, for example, in the valve needle 6 and / or in a connected thereto piston 8.1 movable.
  • the hydraulic actuator of the actuator is operatively connected in the embodiment with the slider 14, for example by, as in Fig. 2A shown, the movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via a pin 15 on the slider.
  • the pin 15 may be movably guided, for example, in a longitudinal bore of the valve needle 6.
  • the actuator of the slide can be connected to the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle, for example via a compensation opening 13 in the valve needle 6 to actuate the slide 14 with the pressure of the supplied fuel.
  • the actuator of the slide 14 comprises a return spring 9.2, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston 8.2 can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2. If both the valve needle 6 and the actuator of the slider 14 are actuated with the pressure of the supplied fuel, so the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.1 of the valve needle 6 is suitably matched to the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.2 of the slider 14, and although with advantage such that the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released by the slide before the valve needle 6 moves and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is opened.
  • the piston connected to the valve needle 6 8.1 comprises a spiral groove 8.1 a, which connects the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle with a cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle ,
  • the piston is 8.1 centered in operation and lubricated while slowing down the pressure increase in the cavity when supplying fuel, whereby the operation of the associated with the valve needle 6 piston 8.1 can be delayed.
  • the movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via the pin 15 to the slider 14, wherein the slider is moved to a position in which the opening or openings in the slide with the nozzle orifices 4.1, 4.2 in the nozzle head 3 match and these are released. If the fuel pressure in the cavity continues to increase, the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 is moved as soon as the force effect of the fuel pressure on the piston exceeds the spring force of the return spring 9.1 acting on the piston. Thus, the valve needle 6 is moved away from the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 and to the one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 opened. The fuel exiting through the nozzle orifice is now injected into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection process is terminated by stopping the supply of fuel to the injector.
  • the fuel pressure in the cavity decreases, and the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 presses the valve needle 6 against the valve seat 7 as soon as the spring force of the return spring 9.1 acting on the piston exceeds the force effect of the fuel pressure on the piston.
  • the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed. If the fuel pressure in the cavity continues to decrease, the longitudinal piston 8.2 of the slide 14 is moved as soon as the spring force of the restoring spring 9.2 acting on the longitudinal piston exceeds the force effect of the fuel pressure on the longitudinal piston.
  • Fig. 2B shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, according to the present invention.
  • This in Fig. 2B embodiment shown differs from that in Fig. 2A shown mainly by a modified version of the fuel supply and by a further embodiment in which a drain line 16, 16 'is provided.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 which emanate from the longitudinal bore in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2.
  • a slide 14 for opening and closing the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 is additionally provided in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 3, which is advantageously movable in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head, and which is provided with its own actuator 8.2, 9.2, 15, to operate the slide 14 in operation offset in time from the valve needle 6.
  • a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 2B is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring 9.1, the spring force on a case by case basis connected to the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to press this after the injection of fuel and at rest against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the actuator of the slider 14 is designed as a hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston 8.2, which is arranged, for example, in the valve needle 6 and / or in a connected thereto piston 8.1 movable.
  • the hydraulic actuator of the actuator is operatively connected in the embodiment with the slider 14, for example by, as in Fig. 2B shown, the movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via a pin 15 on the slider.
  • the pin 15 may be movably guided, for example, in a longitudinal bore of the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6.
  • the actuator of the slide 14 comprises a return spring 9.2, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston 8.2 can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a fuel feed 12, which is connected to a cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle and parts of the valve needle.
  • the piston 8.1 can be acted upon by the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the actuator of the slide with the fuel supply 12 of the injector be connected, for example via a compensation opening 13 in the valve needle 6 to actuate the slider 14 with the pressure of the supplied fuel.
  • a leak oil line 16, 16 ' is provided for pressure relief of the guide of the pin 15. If, as in Fig. 2B shown, the pin 15 is movably guided in a longitudinal bore of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6, a first part 16 of the drain line, for example, formed in the connected to the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6 and a second part 16 'in the nozzle body 2, wherein the two parts are connected continuously, when the valve needle 6 rests on the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed. Thanks to the leak oil line can be prevented that fuel passes along the pin 15 in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head and the pressure of the fuel in the longitudinal bore increases before the fuel supply to the nozzle head is released by the valve needle 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, and a control valve according to the present invention.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 which emanate from the longitudinal bore in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2.
  • a slider 14 'for opening and closing the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 is provided, which is rotatable with advantage with respect to the nozzle head 3, and which is provided with its own actuator 8.3, 9.3 to the slider 14' in operation offset from the valve needle 6 to actuate.
  • a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 3 is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring, the spring force on a case by case the valve needle connected piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to press them in the injection breaks and in the rest state against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 can be acted upon by a fuel supply 12 with the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.
  • the slider 14 ' is executed in the embodiment shown as a rotary valve, for example, as in the FIGS. 3 and 3A shown as a part which is cylindrically shaped over the greater part of the circumference, or occasionally may be formed as part of a cylindrical part or as a sleeve or part of a sleeve, wherein provided in said parts or in said sleeve case by case one or more openings are in the injection position of the slide 14 ', the fuel supply to the orifices 4.1, 4.2 release. If necessary, the slider 14 'can be rotatably guided in the nozzle head 3 and / or stored, for example in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head.
  • the actuator of the slider 14 ' is formed as a hydraulic actuator, for example, as in the Figures 3, 3B and 3C shown as a rotary drive with at least one rotatably mounted pin 8.3a and a cam formed thereon 8.3, in a cylindrical cavity or a sector of a cylindrical Cavity is rotatably guided, and which closes the cavity, so that the cam and pin perform a rotational movement when the cavity is subjected to a pressurized medium.
  • the hydraulic actuator of the actuator is in the exemplary embodiment with the slider 14 'operatively connected, for example via a slot coupling.
  • the rotary drive can be arranged, for example, between the valve seat 7 and the nozzle head 3.
  • the hydraulic actuator can also be combined with a control spool of a control valve.
  • the actuator of the slider 14 comprises a return spring 9.3, which, for example, as in Fig. 3C shown, may be formed as a spiral spring, by means of which the slide or the rotary drive can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.
  • the actuator of the slide can be connected to the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle to actuate the slide 14 'with the pressure of the supplied fuel. If both the valve needle 6 and the actuator of the slide 14 'are actuated with the pressure of the supplied fuel, so the spring constant and - voltage of the return spring 9.1 of the valve needle 6 is suitably adjusted to the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.3 of the slider 14' , and with advantage such that the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released by the slider before the valve needle 6 is moved and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is opened.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3.
  • the circuit can be designed, for example, for fuel and if necessary connected to a fuel system with reduced pressure.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a control valve 20, which may be arranged in an upper part or region of the injection nozzle to the actuation of the slide 14, 14 'and / or the fuel supply to the injection nozzle and / or, if present, a circuit to control the cooling of the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3.
  • Fig. 3 is shown in the upper part of a longitudinal section through an embodiment of such a control valve.
  • the control valve 20 includes a spool 21, which is in Fig. 3 located in a position for injecting fuel, as well as an in Fig. 3 not shown auxiliary drive, such as a hydraulic cylinder, for actuating the spool.
  • the control valve may occasionally include a valve for controlling the fuel supply with a valve seat, a closing part 22 and a return spring 23 to push the closing part against the valve seat.
  • a valve for controlling the fuel supply with a valve seat, a closing part 22 and a return spring 23 to push the closing part against the valve seat.
  • the closing part 22 is pushed away by the same from the valve seat, and the supply of the fuel from the fuel supply 12 'of the control valve to the valve needle 6 of the injection nozzle via the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle released.
  • the control valve 20 a control function, which is designed for example as a 2/2-way or 3/2-way valve for controlling the slide 14, 14 'included, and occasionally a control line 18 through which the control valve with the Actuator of the slide is connected.
  • the corresponding supply of a pressurized medium to the control valve takes place for example via an inlet 24, which may be connected to the fuel supply or with a fuel system with reduced pressure.
  • the inlet 24 is connected to the control line 18 to actuate the slider 14, 14 'and the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 release.
  • a control function for controlling the circuit may be provided in the control valve 20, which comprises, for example, a 2/2-way valve.
  • the control valve is connected for this purpose via a return 17 to the cooling device of the injection nozzle.
  • a cooling device for example, as in Fig. 3 shown, the fuel supply 12, the cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle, and the return 17 can be used.
  • the circuit may be fueled and, if desired, connected to a reduced pressure fuel system to conserve pump power.
  • the return 17 is closed, since in the variant shown during the injection of fuel no circulation is provided in the cooling circuit.
  • Fig. 3D shows a longitudinal section through the control valve of Fig. 3 during an injection break.
  • the control valve 20 includes a spool 21, which is in Fig. 3D is in a rest position corresponding to the position during the injection pauses.
  • the control valve may occasionally include a valve for controlling the fuel supply with a valve seat, a closing part 22 and a return spring 23.
  • position of the spool 21 is the same separated from the closing part 22, so that the closing part is pressed by the return spring 23 against the valve seat and the fuel supply from the fuel supply 12 'of the control valve to the valve needle 6 of the injection nozzle is interrupted.
  • control valve 20 a control function, which is designed for example as a 2/2-way or 3/2-way valve for controlling the slide 14, 14 'included, and occasionally a control line 18 through which the control valve with the Actuator of the slide is connected.
  • control line 18 is connected to an outlet 25, which may for example be in communication with a leak oil tank to relieve the actuator of the slide and to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.
  • the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3
  • a control function for controlling the circuit may be provided in the control valve 20, which comprises, for example, two 2/2-way valves.
  • the control valve is connected for this purpose via a return 17 to the cooling device of the injection nozzle.
  • the circuit may be designed, for example, for fuel and if necessary, connected to a fuel system with reduced pressure to save pump power.
  • the return 17 is connected to an outlet 26, which may be connected, for example, to a tank of the fuel system with reduced pressure.
  • fuel can be passed through the cooling device of the injection nozzle at reduced pressure.
  • a cooling device for example, as in Fig. 3 shown, the cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle, and the fuel supply 12 and the return 17 are used, which are in communication with the cavity.
  • the course of the injection process and / or the actuation of the slide 14, 14 'in the nozzle head 2 and / or a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3 can be controlled by means of the control valve 20.
  • the cooling circuit and optionally the actuator for actuating the slide from a low pressure system, such as a fuel system with reduced pressure, fed to keep the pumping losses in the cooling circuit low.
  • the spool 21 interrupts the supply to the cooling device in the injection nozzle and the return circuit 17 of the cooling circuit and / or opens the connection between the connected to a pressure system inlet 24 and the control line 18, the control valve with the actuator for the slider combines.
  • the slide in the nozzle head is brought into the injection position and the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released.
  • the actual injection process is triggered by a further displacement of the spool 21, which opens a valve provided in the control valve for controlling the fuel supply, whereby the fuel passes to the valve needle 6 in the injection nozzle.
  • the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 and the valve needle are pushed away from the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 and to the nozzle orifices 4.1, 4.2 is opened.
  • the fuel exiting through the nozzle orifice is now injected into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
  • the injection process is terminated by the control spool 21 of the control valve first closing the fuel supply control valve provided therein.
  • the fuel pressure at the piston connected to the valve needle 6 drops 8.1 and the valve needle 6 is pressed by the spring force of the force acting on the piston return spring 9.1 against the valve seat 7.
  • the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed.
  • the connection between the inlet connected to a pressure system inlet 24 and the control line 18, which connects the control valve with the actuator for the slide can be interrupted.
  • the slider is moved to a position in which the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are closed in the nozzle head 3.
  • the supply to the cooling device in the injection nozzle and the return 17 of the cooling circuit by means of the spool can be opened to the nozzle body and / or nozzle head in the injection breaks or in the rest position to cool the injector.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The spray nozzle has valve spool (14) that is provided in the longitudinal direction bore of the nozzle head (3) to open and close the nozzle hole (4.1, 4.2). The actuator (8.2, 9.2, 15) shifts time and operates the valve spool with respect to the needle valve (6). The valve seat (7) which cooperates with a needle valve in order to control the fuel supply to the needle valve arranged inside the nozzle body (2), the longitudinal direction bore (5), and the nozzle holes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und einen Dieselmotor, insbesondere einen Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor mit mindestens einer derartigen Einspritzdüse.The invention relates to an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine with at least one such injection nozzle.

In einigen Dieselmotoren und insbesondere in Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotoren herkömmlicher Bauart, wie sie beispielsweise in Schiffen und Kraftwerken verwendet werden, kommen Einspritzdüsen zum Einsatz, die einen Düsenkörper und einen mit diesem verbundenen Düsenkopf umfassen, der eine Längsbohrung und eine oder mehrere Düsenöffnungen aufweist, die von der Längsbohrung ausgehen, um Brennstoff in einen in einem Zylinder angeordneten Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfassen derartige Einspritzdüsen eine im Innern des Düsenkörpers angeordnete Ventilnadel und eine Ventilsitz, der mit der Ventilnadel zusammenwirkt, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Längsbohrung und zu den Düsenöffnungen zu steuern.In some diesel engines, and particularly in two-stroke large diesel engines of conventional design, such as those used in ships and power plants, injectors are used which include a nozzle body and a nozzle head connected thereto having a longitudinal bore and one or more nozzle orifices opening from go out of the longitudinal bore to inject fuel into a arranged in a cylinder combustion chamber of the diesel engine. Further, such injectors include a valve needle disposed within the nozzle body and a valve seat which cooperates with the valve needle to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore and the nozzle orifices.

Typischerweise ist der Ventilsitz der Brennstoffeinspritzdüse entfernt von dem oder den Düsenlöchern angeordnet, da er genügend stark abgestützt sein muss, um die Druckbelastungen, die aus den hohen Einspritzdrücken resultieren, aufnehmen zu können. Dies verlangt eine entsprechend robuste Bauweise, die relativ viel Platz in Anspruch nimmt. Da aber typischerweise pro Zylinder mehrere Einspritzdüsen vorgesehen sind, wäre es aus Platzgründen schwierig, die Bereiche der Einspritzdüsen, die sich in unmittelbarer Nähe des Verbrennungsraums befinden, entsprechend robust auszulegen. Darüber hinaus ist bei einem Zweitakt-Dieselmotor der Zylinderkopf üblicherweise so dick, dass diese Bereiche der Einspritzdüsen kaum noch gekühlt würden und somit im Betrieb sehr hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt wären, wenn die Ventilsitze der Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen nicht wie üblich entfernt von den Düsenlöchern angeordnet würden. Eine genügende Entfernung zwischen den Ventilsitzen und den entsprechenden Düsenöffnungen stellt sicher, dass die Ventilsitze im Betrieb nicht zu heiss werden und unter sämtlichen Betriebsbedingungen einwandfrei funktionieren.Typically, the valve seat of the fuel injector is located away from the nozzle orifices because it must be sufficiently supported to accommodate the pressure loads resulting from the high injection pressures. This requires a correspondingly robust construction, which takes up relatively much space. But since typically several injectors are provided per cylinder, it would be out Space reasons, difficult to design the areas of the injectors, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber, according to robust. Moreover, in a two-stroke diesel engine, the cylinder head is usually so thick that these portions of the injectors would be barely cooled and thus exposed to very high temperatures during operation if the valve seats of the fuel injectors were not located as usual away from the nozzle holes. Sufficient distance between the valve seats and the corresponding orifices ensures that the valve seats do not overheat during operation and function properly under all operating conditions.

Auf Grund der oben beschriebenen Bauweise ist das Volumen des Brennstoffs, der nach dem Schliessen der Ventilnadel in der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs verbleibt, erheblich. Der in der Längsbohrung verbleibende Brennstoff erwärmt sich und kann während der Expansionsphase auf Grund des verringernden Drucks in den Verbrennungsraum austreten. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt können die Temperaturen im Verbrennungsraum bereits derart gesunken sein, dass sie für eine vollständige Verbrennung nicht mehr ausreichen. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das Volumen des in der Längsbohrung verbleibenden Brennstoffs einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Russemission des Dieselmotors hat.Due to the construction described above, the volume of fuel that remains in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head after closing the valve needle is significant. The fuel remaining in the longitudinal bore heats up and may leak into the combustion chamber during the expansion phase due to the decreasing pressure. At this point in time, the temperatures in the combustion chamber may already have dropped to such an extent that they are no longer sufficient for complete combustion. Experiments have shown that the volume of the remaining fuel in the longitudinal bore has a significant influence on the soot emission of the diesel engine.

In Dokument WO 93/07386 wird eine Einspritzdüse beschrieben mit einem Düsenkopf, der eine Längsbohrung und eine Düsenöffnung umfasst, und mit einem Ventil, das einen Ventilsitz und ein Schliessteil umfasst, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf und zur Düsenöffnung zu öffnen und zu schliessen. Die Einspritzdüse nach WO 93/07386 umfasst zusätzlich ein als Hülse ausgebildetes Schliesselement, das fest mit dem Schliessteil des Ventils verbunden ist, um die Düsenöffnung zu öffnen und zu verschliessen. Mit dem zusätzlichen Schliesselement kann während der Expansionsphase der unerwünschte Austritt von Brennstoff aus der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs unterbunden werden. Durch die feste Verbindung zwischen dem Schliessteil des Ventils und dem zusätzlichen Schliesselement werden hohe Anforderungen an die Fertigungstoleranzen gestellt, und der Querschnittsverlauf im Ventilsitz des Ventils und an der Düsenöffnung müssen genau aufeinander abgestimmt werden, damit der Brennstoffdruck die Hülse nicht zu stark aufweitet und dadurch beschädigt.In document WO 93/07386 An injection nozzle is described with a nozzle head which comprises a longitudinal bore and a nozzle opening, and with a valve which comprises a valve seat and a closing part in order to open and close the fuel supply to the nozzle head and the nozzle opening. The injector after WO 93/07386 additionally comprises a closing element designed as a sleeve, which is firmly connected to the closing part of the valve in order to open and close the nozzle opening. With the additional closing element, the unwanted escape of fuel from the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head can be prevented during the expansion phase. Due to the fixed connection between the closing part of the valve and the additional closing element high demands are placed on the manufacturing tolerances, and the cross-sectional profile in the valve seat of the valve and at the nozzle opening must be precisely coordinated so that the fuel pressure does not expand the sleeve too much and thus damaged.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, zur Verfügung zu stellen, deren Schliessteil und Schliesselement einfacher zu fertigen sind, und die keine kritische Abstimmung zwischen dem Querschnittsverlauf im Ventilsitz des Ventils und dem Querschnittsverlauf an der oder den Düsenöffnungen erfordert. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, einen Dieselmotor, insbesondere einen Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor mit mindestens einer derartigen Einspritzdüse zur Verfügung zu stellen.Object of the present invention is to provide an injector for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine available, the closing part and closing element are easier to manufacture, and no critical coordination between the cross-sectional profile in the valve seat of the valve and requires the cross-sectional profile at the nozzle orifices. A further object is to provide a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine with at least one such injection nozzle available.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die in Anspruch 1 definierte Einspritzdüse und durch den in Anspruch 10 definierten Dieselmotor gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the injection nozzle defined in claim 1 and by the diesel engine defined in claim 10.

Die erfindungsgemässe Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, umfasst einen Düsenkörper und einen mit diesem verbundenen Düsenkopf, der eine Längsbohrung und eine oder mehrere Düsenöffnungen aufweist, die von der Längsbohrung ausgehen, um Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfasst die Einspritzdüse eine im Innern des Düsenkörpers angeordneten Ventilnadel und einen Ventilsitz, der mit der Ventilnadel zusammenwirkt, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Längsbohrung und zu den Düsenöffnungen zu steuern. In der Einspritzdüse ist in der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs zusätzlich ein Schieber zum Öffnen und Verschliessen der Düsenöffnungen vorgesehen, der mit einem eigenen Stellantrieb versehen ist, um den Schieber im Betrieb zeitlich versetzt von der Ventilnadel zu betätigen.The injector according to the invention for injecting fuel into a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, comprises a nozzle body and a nozzle head connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore and one or more nozzle openings, which emanate from the longitudinal bore to fuel in a combustion chamber of the diesel engine inject. Furthermore, the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle arranged in the interior of the nozzle body and a valve seat which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore and to the nozzle openings. In the injection nozzle, a slide for opening and closing the nozzle openings is additionally provided in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head, which is provided with its own actuator to operate the slide in operation offset in time from the valve needle.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Schieber zum Öffnen und Verschliessen der Düsenöffnungen in Längsrichtung des Düsenkopfes verschiebbar und/oder gegenüber diesem drehbar. Der Schieber kann beispielsweise als Hülse oder Teil einer Hülse oder als zylinderförmiges Teil oder Teil eines zylinderförmigen Teils ausgebildet sein.Advantageously, the slide for opening and closing the nozzle openings in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head is displaceable and / or rotatable relative thereto. The slider may be formed, for example, as a sleeve or part of a sleeve or as a cylindrical part or part of a cylindrical part.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Stellantrieb des Schiebers als elektrischer, pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Aktuator ausgebildet, beispielsweise als Längskolben oder als hydraulischer Drehschieberantrieb. Der Stellantrieb des Schiebers kann zum Beispiel mit der Brennstoffzuführung zur Einspritzdüse verbunden sein, um den Schieber mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs zu steuern. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst der Stellantrieb des Schiebers eine Rückstellfeder, mittels welcher der Schieber beziehungsweise der Längskolben oder Drehschieberantrieb in eine Ausgangs- oder Ruhelage gebracht werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slide is designed as an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston or as a hydraulic rotary valve drive. For example, the actuator of the spool may be connected to the fuel supply to the injector to control the spool with the pressure of the fuel supplied. In a further advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slide comprises a return spring, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston or rotary valve drive can be brought into an initial or rest position.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante umfasst die Einspritzdüse einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers und/oder Düsenkopfs. Der Kreislauf kann beispielsweise für Brennstoff ausgelegt und bei Bedarf mit einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck verbunden sein. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante umfasst die Einspritzdüse ein Steuerventil, das in einem oberen Teil oder Bereich der Einspritzdüse angeordnet sein kann, um die Betätigung des Schiebers und/oder die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Einspritzdüse und/oder, falls vorhanden, einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers und/oder Düsenkopfs zu steuern.In an advantageous embodiment, the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body and / or nozzle head. For example, the circuit may be fueled and, if desired, connected to a reduced pressure fuel system. In a further advantageous embodiment variant, the injection nozzle comprises a control valve, which may be arranged in an upper part or region of the injection nozzle to the actuation of the slide and / or the fuel supply to the injection nozzle and / or, if present, a circuit for cooling the nozzle body and / or nozzle head to control.

Weiter umfasst die Erfindung einen Dieselmotor, insbesondere Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, mit mindestens einer Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff gemäss einer oder mehreren der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen und -varianten.The invention further includes a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, with at least one injection nozzle for injecting fuel according to one or more of the embodiments and variants described above.

Dank des Schiebers in der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs und dank des eigenen Stellantriebs für den Schieber kann bei den oben beschriebenen Einspritzdüsen während der Expansionsphase der unerwünschte Austritt von Brennstoff aus der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs vermieden werden. Damit unterbleibt auch die Russemission, die sonst mit der unvollständigen Verbrennung von Brennstoff während der Expansionsphase entstehen würde. Weiter von Vorteil ist, dass keine Spannungen von der Ventilnadel auf den Schieber in der Längsbohrung übertragen werden, so dass dieser frei in der Bohrung bewegt werden kann, da in der oben beschriebenen Einspritzdüse keine feste Verbindung zwischen der Ventilnadel und dem Schieber besteht. Dank dem eigenen Stellantrieb für den Schieber kann die oben beschriebene Einspritzdüse so gesteuert werden, dass sich der Schieber wenig oder gar nicht bewegt, solange die Längsbohrung mit dem Brennstoffdruck beaufschlagt ist. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der Verschleiss sowohl des Düsenkopfs, als auch des Schiebers und Stellantriebs vermindern.Thanks to the slide in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head and thanks to its own actuator for the slide can be avoided in the injectors described above during the expansion phase of the undesirable leakage of fuel from the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head. This also avoids the emission of soot that would otherwise result from incomplete combustion of fuel during the expansion phase. Another advantage is that no voltages are transmitted from the valve needle to the slide in the longitudinal bore, so that it can be moved freely in the bore, since there is no firm connection between the valve needle and the slide in the injector described above. Thanks to its own actuator for the slide, the above described Injector are controlled so that the slide little or no movement, as long as the longitudinal bore is subjected to the fuel pressure. In this way, the wear of both the nozzle head, as well as the slider and actuator can be reduced.

Die obige Beschreibung von Ausführungsformen und -varianten dient lediglich als Beispiel. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung hervor. Darüber hinaus können im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch einzelne Merkmale aus den beschriebenen oder gezeigten Ausführungsformen und -varianten miteinander kombiniert werden, um neue Ausführungsformen zu bilden.The above description of embodiments and variants is merely an example. Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims and the drawings. In addition, in the context of the present invention, individual features of the described or shown embodiments and variants can be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand der Ausführungsbeispiele und an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine herkömmliche Einspritzdüse,
Fig. 2A
einen Längsschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse gemäss vorliegender Erfindung,
Fig. 2B
einen Längsschnitt durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse gemäss vorliegender Erfindung,
Fig. 3
Längsschnitte durch ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse und durch ein Steuerventil gemäss vorliegender Erfindung,
Fig. 3A,B,C
Querschnitte zum Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 3, und
Fig. 3D
einen Längsschnitt durch das Steuerventil von Fig. 3 während einer Einspritzpause.
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a conventional injection nozzle,
Fig. 2A
a longitudinal section through an embodiment of an injection nozzle according to the present invention,
Fig. 2B
a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of an injection nozzle according to the present invention,
Fig. 3
Longitudinal sections through a third embodiment of an injection nozzle and by a control valve according to the present invention,
Fig. 3A, B, C
Cross sections of the embodiment of Fig. 3 , and
Fig. 3D
a longitudinal section through the control valve of Fig. 3 during an injection break.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine herkömmliche Einspritzdüse 10 zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere in einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor. Die Einspritzdüse 10 umfasst einen Düsenhalter 1, einen Düsenkörper 2 mit einer Zylinderbohrung und einen Düsenkopf 3 mit einer Längsbohrung 5 und Düsenöffnungen 4, die von der Längsbohrung ausgehen, um Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfasst die Einspritzdüse 10 einen Kolben 8, der in der Zylinderbohrung bewegbar angeordnet ist, eine Ventilnadel 6, die in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Einspritzdüse am Kolben 8 ausgebildet ist, und einen in der Verlängerung der Ventilnadel 6 angeordneten Ventilsitz 7 sowie einen in der Verlängerung des Kolbens 8 angeordneten Stössel 11 und eine Druckfeder 9, deren Federkraft über den Stössel 11 auf den Kolben 8 übertragen wird. Die mit dem Kolben verbundene Ventilnadel 6 wird somit, solange der an der Einspritzdüse anliegende Brennstoffdruck gering ist, gegen den Ventilsitz 7 gedrückt, sodass die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 unterbrochen ist. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a conventional injector 10 for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular in a two-stroke large diesel engine. The injection nozzle 10 comprises a nozzle holder 1, a nozzle body 2 with a cylinder bore and a nozzle head 3 with a longitudinal bore 5 and nozzle openings 4 extending from the longitudinal bore to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine. Furthermore, the injection nozzle 10 comprises a piston 8, which is arranged movably in the cylinder bore, a valve needle 6, which in the in Fig. 1 is shown formed on the piston 8, and arranged in the extension of the valve needle 6 valve seat 7 and arranged in the extension of the piston 8 plunger 11 and a compression spring 9, the spring force is transmitted via the plunger 11 to the piston 8. Thus, as long as the fuel pressure applied to the injector is low, the valve needle 6 connected to the piston is pressed against the valve seat 7, so that the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is interrupted.

Fig. 2A zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, gemäss vorliegender Erfindung. Die Einspritzdüse umfasst einen Düsenkörper 2 und einen mit diesem verbundenen Düsenkopf 3, der eine Längsbohrung 5 und mindestens eine Düsenöffnung 4.1, 4.2 aufweist, die von der Längsbohrung ausgeht, um Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfasst die Einspritzdüse eine im Innern des Düsenkörpers 2 angeordnete Ventilnadel 6 und einen Ventilsitz 7, der mit der Ventilnadel zusammenwirkt, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Längsbohrung 5 und zu der mindestens einen Düsenöffnung 4.1, 4.2 zu steuern. In der Einspritzdüse ist in der Längsbohrung 5 des Düsenkopfs 3 zusätzlich ein Schieber 14 zum Öffnen und Verschliessen der Düsenöffnung oder-öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 vorgesehen, der mit Vorteil in Längsrichtung des Düsenkopfes beweglich ist, und der mit einem eigenen Stellantrieb 8.2, 9.2, 15 versehen ist, um den Schieber 14 im Betrieb zeitlich versetzt von der Ventilnadel 6 zu betätigen. Fig. 2A shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, according to the present invention. The injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and at least one nozzle opening 4.1, 4.2, which starts from the longitudinal bore, in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine. Furthermore, the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the at least one nozzle opening 4.1, 4.2. In the injection nozzle, a slide 14 for opening and closing the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 is provided in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 3 in addition, which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head with advantage, and with its own 8.2, 9.2, 15 is provided to operate the slide 14 in operation offset in time from the valve needle 6.

Weiter kann die Einspritzdüse des in Fig. 2A gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels fallweise einen Düsenhalter, der in Fig. 2A der Übersichtlichkeit wegen weggelassen ist, und/oder einen Kolben 8.1, der zum Beispiel in einer Zylinderbohrung im Düsenkörper 2 beweglich angeordnet ist und mit der Ventilnadel 6 in Verbindung, fallweise Wirkverbindung steht, und/oder eine Rückstellfeder 9.1 umfassen, deren Federkraft fallweise auf den Kolben 8.1 und/oder die Ventilnadel 6 wirkt, um diese in den Einspritzpausen und im Ruhezustand gegen den Ventilsitz 7 zu drücken und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 zu unterbrechen. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante kann der mit der Ventilnadel verbundene Kolben 8.1 über eine Brennstoffzuführung 12 mit dem Brennstoffdruck beaufschlagt werden, um die Ventilnadel 6 mittels des Kolbens vom Ventilsitz 7 zu trennen und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 freizugeben.Next, the injector of in Fig. 2A case shown, a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 2A is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring 9.1, the spring force on a case by case basis Piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to these in the injection breaks and in the To press rest against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3. In an advantageous embodiment, the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 can be acted upon by a fuel supply 12 with the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.

Der Schieber 14 kann beispielsweise, wie in Fig. 2A gezeigt, als Hülse oder fallweise als Teil einer Hülse oder als zylinderförmiges Teil oder Teil eines zylinderförmigen Teils ausgebildet sein, wobei in der Hülse beziehungsweise in den genannten Teilen fallweise eine oder mehrere Öffnungen vorgesehen sind, die in Einspritzstellung des Schiebers 14 die Brennstoffzufuhr zu der oder den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 freigeben.The slider 14 may, for example, as in Fig. 2A shown as a sleeve or occasionally be formed as part of a sleeve or as a cylindrical part or part of a cylindrical part, wherein in the sleeve or in the said parts case by case one or more openings are provided, the injection of fuel into the injection valve 14 or the the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 release.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14 als hydraulischer Aktuator ausgebildet, beispielsweise als Längskolben 8.2, der zum Beispiel in der Ventilnadel 6 und/oder in einem mit dieser verbundenen Kolben 8.1 beweglich angeordnet ist. Der hydraulische Aktuator des Stellantriebs ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mit dem Schieber 14 wirkverbunden, beispielsweise indem, wie in Fig. 2A gezeigt, die Bewegung des Längskolbens 8.2 über einen Stift 15 auf den Schieber übertragen wird. Der Stift 15 kann beispielsweise in einer Längsbohrung der Ventilnadel 6 beweglich geführt sein. Fallweise kann der Stellantrieb des Schiebers mit der Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse verbunden sein, beispielsweise über eine Ausgleichsöffnung 13 in der Ventilnadel 6, um den Schieber 14 mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs zu betätigen.In an advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slider 14 is designed as a hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston 8.2, which is arranged, for example, in the valve needle 6 and / or in a connected thereto piston 8.1 movable. The hydraulic actuator of the actuator is operatively connected in the embodiment with the slider 14, for example by, as in Fig. 2A shown, the movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via a pin 15 on the slider. The pin 15 may be movably guided, for example, in a longitudinal bore of the valve needle 6. In some cases, the actuator of the slide can be connected to the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle, for example via a compensation opening 13 in the valve needle 6 to actuate the slide 14 with the pressure of the supplied fuel.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14 eine Rückstellfeder 9.2, mittels welcher der Schieber beziehungsweise der Längskolben 8.2 in eine Ausgangs- oder Ruhelage gebracht werden kann, um die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu verschliessen. Falls sowohl die Ventilnadel 6 als auch der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14 mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs betätigt werden, so wird zweckmässigerweise die Federkonstante und -spannung der Rückstellfeder 9.1 der Ventilnadel 6 auf die Federkonstante und -spannung der Rückstellfeder 9.2 des Schiebers 14 abgestimmt, und zwar mit Vorteil derart, dass die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 durch den Schieber freigegeben werden, bevor die Ventilnadel 6 bewegt und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 geöffnet wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slide 14 comprises a return spring 9.2, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston 8.2 can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2. If both the valve needle 6 and the actuator of the slider 14 are actuated with the pressure of the supplied fuel, so the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.1 of the valve needle 6 is suitably matched to the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.2 of the slider 14, and Although with advantage such that the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released by the slide before the valve needle 6 moves and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is opened.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante umfasst der mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundene Kolben 8.1 eine spiralförmige Nut 8.1 a, welche die Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse mit einem im Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildeten Hohlraum verbindet, der den Vorderteil des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und Teile der Ventilnadel umgibt. Auf diese Weise wird der Kolben 8.1 im Betrieb zentriert und geschmiert und beim Zuführen von Brennstoff gleichzeitig der Druckanstieg im Hohlraum verlangsamt, wodurch die Betätigung des mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 verzögert werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment variant, the piston connected to the valve needle 6 8.1 comprises a spiral groove 8.1 a, which connects the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle with a cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle , In this way, the piston is 8.1 centered in operation and lubricated while slowing down the pressure increase in the cavity when supplying fuel, whereby the operation of the associated with the valve needle 6 piston 8.1 can be delayed.

Der Einspritzvorgang wird im Folgenden an Hand des Ausführungsbeispiels von Fig. 2A erläutert. Wird der Einspritzdüse über die Brennstoffzuführung 12 Brennstoff zugeführt, so steigt der Druck in dem im Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildeten Hohlraum, der den Vorderteil des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und Teile der Ventilnadel 6 umgibt. Über die Ausgleichsöffnung 13 in der Ventilnadel wird der Druckanstieg auf den Längskolben 8.2 des Schiebers 14 übertragen, wobei der Längskolben bewegt wird, sobald die Kraftwirkung des Brennstoffdrucks auf den Längskolben die Federkraft der auf den Längskolben wirkenden Rückstellfeder 9.2 übersteigt. Die Bewegung des Längskolben 8.2 wird über den Stift 15 auf den Schieber 14 übertragen, wobei der Schieber in eine Stellung bewegt wird, in der die Öffnung oder Öffnungen im Schieber mit der oder den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 im Düsenkopf 3 übereinstimmen und diese freigegeben werden. Steigt der Brennstoffdruck im Hohlraum weiter, so wird der mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundene Kolben 8.1 bewegt, sobald die Kraftwirkung des Brennstoffdrucks auf den Kolben die Federkraft der auf den Kolben wirkenden Rückstellfeder 9.1 übersteigt. Damit wird die Ventilnadel 6 vom Ventilsitz 7 wegbewegt und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 und zu der oder den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 geöffnet. Der durch die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen austretende Brennstoff wird nun in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors eingespritzt.The injection process will be described below with reference to the embodiment of Fig. 2A explained. If fuel is supplied to the injection nozzle via the fuel supply 12, the pressure in the cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle and parts of the valve needle 6, increases. The pressure increase is transmitted to the longitudinal piston 8.2 of the slide 14 via the compensation opening 13 in the valve needle, the longitudinal piston being moved as soon as the force effect of the fuel pressure on the longitudinal piston exceeds the spring force of the restoring spring 9.2 acting on the longitudinal piston. The movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via the pin 15 to the slider 14, wherein the slider is moved to a position in which the opening or openings in the slide with the nozzle orifices 4.1, 4.2 in the nozzle head 3 match and these are released. If the fuel pressure in the cavity continues to increase, the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 is moved as soon as the force effect of the fuel pressure on the piston exceeds the spring force of the return spring 9.1 acting on the piston. Thus, the valve needle 6 is moved away from the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 and to the one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 opened. The fuel exiting through the nozzle orifice is now injected into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.

Der Einspritzvorgang wird beendet, indem die Zufuhr von Brennstoff zur Einspritzdüse gestoppt wird. In diesem Fall sinkt der Brennstoffdruck im Hohlraum und der mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundene Kolben 8.1 drückt die Ventilnadel 6 gegen den Ventilsitz 7, sobald die Federkraft der auf den Kolben wirkenden Rückstellfeder 9.1 die Kraftwirkung des Brennstoffdrucks auf den Kolben übersteigt. Damit wird die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 geschlossen. Sinkt der Brennstoffdruck im Hohlraum weiter, so wird der Längskolben 8.2 des Schiebers 14 bewegt, sobald die Federkraft der auf den Längskolben wirkenden Rückstellfeder 9.2 die Kraftwirkung des Brennstoffdrucks auf den Längskolben übersteigt. Dabei wird die Bewegung des Längskolben 8.2 über den Stift 15 auf den Schieber 14 übertragen, wobei der Schieber in eine Stellung bewegt wird, in welcher die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 im Düsenkopf 3 verschlossen sind. Damit kann, wenn der Einspritzvorgang beendet ist, ein unerwünschter Austritt von Brennstoff aus der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs vermieden werden.The injection process is terminated by stopping the supply of fuel to the injector. In this case, the fuel pressure in the cavity decreases, and the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 presses the valve needle 6 against the valve seat 7 as soon as the spring force of the return spring 9.1 acting on the piston exceeds the force effect of the fuel pressure on the piston. Thus, the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed. If the fuel pressure in the cavity continues to decrease, the longitudinal piston 8.2 of the slide 14 is moved as soon as the spring force of the restoring spring 9.2 acting on the longitudinal piston exceeds the force effect of the fuel pressure on the longitudinal piston. The movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via the pin 15 to the slider 14, wherein the slider is moved to a position in which the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are closed in the nozzle head 3. Thus, when the injection process is completed, an undesirable leakage of fuel from the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head can be avoided.

Fig. 2B zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, gemäss vorliegender Erfindung. Das in Fig. 2B gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 2A gezeigten hauptsächlich durch eine geänderte Ausführung der Brennstoffzufuhr und durch eine weitere Ausführungsvariante, in der eine Leckölleitung 16, 16' vorgesehen ist. Die Einspritzdüse umfasst im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Düsenkörper 2 und einen mit diesem verbundenen Düsenkopf 3, der eine Längsbohrung 5 und eine oder mehrere Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 aufweist, die von der Längsbohrung ausgehen, um Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfasst die Einspritzdüse eine im Innern des Düsenkörpers 2 angeordnete Ventilnadel 6 und einen Ventilsitz 7, der mit der Ventilnadel zusammenwirkt, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Längsbohrung 5 und zu den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu steuern. In der Einspritzdüse ist in der Längsbohrung 5 des Düsenkopfs 3 zusätzlich ein Schieber 14 zum Öffnen und Verschliessen der Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 vorgesehen, der mit Vorteil in Längsrichtung des Düsenkopfes beweglich ist, und der mit einem eigenen Stellantrieb 8.2, 9.2, 15 versehen ist, um den Schieber 14 im Betrieb zeitlich versetzt von der Ventilnadel 6 zu betätigen. Fig. 2B shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, according to the present invention. This in Fig. 2B embodiment shown differs from that in Fig. 2A shown mainly by a modified version of the fuel supply and by a further embodiment in which a drain line 16, 16 'is provided. In the second exemplary embodiment, the injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 which emanate from the longitudinal bore in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine. Furthermore, the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2. In the injection nozzle, a slide 14 for opening and closing the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 is additionally provided in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 3, which is advantageously movable in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head, and which is provided with its own actuator 8.2, 9.2, 15, to operate the slide 14 in operation offset in time from the valve needle 6.

Weiter kann die Einspritzdüse des in Fig. 2B gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels fallweise einen Düsenhalter, der in Fig. 2B der Übersichtlichkeit wegen weggelassen ist, und/oder einen Kolben 8.1, der zum Beispiel in einer Zylinderbohrung im Düsenkörper 2 beweglich angeordnet ist und mit der Ventilnadel 6 in Verbindung, fallweise Wirkverbindung steht, und/oder eine Rückstellfeder 9.1 umfassen, deren Federkraft fallweise auf den mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolben 8.1 und/oder die Ventilnadel 6 wirkt, um diese nach dem Einspritzen von Brennstoff und im Ruhezustand gegen den Ventilsitz 7 zu drücken und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 zu unterbrechen.Next, the injector of in Fig. 2B case shown, a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 2B is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring 9.1, the spring force on a case by case basis connected to the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to press this after the injection of fuel and at rest against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14 als hydraulischer Aktuator ausgebildet, beispielsweise als Längskolben 8.2, der zum Beispiel in der Ventilnadel 6 und/oder in einem mit dieser verbundenen Kolben 8.1 beweglich angeordnet ist. Der hydraulische Aktuator des Stellantriebs ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mit dem Schieber 14 wirkverbunden, beispielsweise indem, wie in Fig. 2B gezeigt, die Bewegung des Längskolbens 8.2 über einen Stift 15 auf den Schieber übertragen wird. Der Stift 15 kann beispielsweise in einer Längsbohrung des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und/oder in der Ventilnadel 6 beweglich geführt sein.In an advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slider 14 is designed as a hydraulic actuator, for example as a longitudinal piston 8.2, which is arranged, for example, in the valve needle 6 and / or in a connected thereto piston 8.1 movable. The hydraulic actuator of the actuator is operatively connected in the embodiment with the slider 14, for example by, as in Fig. 2B shown, the movement of the longitudinal piston 8.2 is transmitted via a pin 15 on the slider. The pin 15 may be movably guided, for example, in a longitudinal bore of the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14 eine Rückstellfeder 9.2, mittels welcher der Schieber beziehungsweise der Längskolben 8.2 in eine Ausgangs- oder Ruhelage gebracht werden kann, um die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu verschliessen.In a further advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slide 14 comprises a return spring 9.2, by means of which the slide or the longitudinal piston 8.2 can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.

In dem in Fig. 2B gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Einspritzdüse eine Brennstoffzuführung 12, die mit einem im Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildeten Hohlraum verbunden ist, der den Vorderteil des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und Teile der Ventilnadel umgibt. Auf diese Weise kann der Kolben 8.1 mit dem Brennstoffdruck beaufschlagt werden, um die Ventilnadel 6 mittels des Kolbens vom Ventilsitz 7 zu trennen und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 freizugeben. Fallweise kann der Stellantrieb des Schiebers mit der Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse verbunden sein, beispielsweise über eine Ausgleichsöffnung 13 in der Ventilnadel 6, um den Schieber 14 mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs zu betätigen.In the in Fig. 2B In the exemplary embodiment shown, the injection nozzle comprises a fuel feed 12, which is connected to a cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle and parts of the valve needle. In this way, the piston 8.1 can be acted upon by the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3. In some cases, the actuator of the slide with the fuel supply 12 of the injector be connected, for example via a compensation opening 13 in the valve needle 6 to actuate the slider 14 with the pressure of the supplied fuel.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante ist zur Druckentlastung der Führung des Stiftes 15 eine Leckölleitung 16, 16' vorgesehen. Falls, wie in Fig. 2B gezeigt, der Stift 15 in einer Längsbohrung des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und/oder in der Ventilnadel 6 beweglich geführt ist, kann ein erster Teil 16 der Leckölleitung beispielsweise in dem mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolben 8.1 und/oder in der Ventilnadel 6 ausgebildet sein und ein zweiter Teil 16' im Düsenkörper 2, wobei die beiden Teile durchgehend verbunden sind, wenn die Ventilnadel 6 auf dem Ventilsitz 7 aufliegt und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 geschlossen ist. Dank der Leckölleitung kann verhindert werden, dass Brennstoff entlang des Stiftes 15 in die Längsbohrung 5 des Düsenkopfs gelangt und der Druck des Brennstoffs in der Längsbohrung ansteigt, bevor die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf durch die Ventilnadel 7 freigegeben wird.In an advantageous embodiment, a leak oil line 16, 16 'is provided for pressure relief of the guide of the pin 15. If, as in Fig. 2B shown, the pin 15 is movably guided in a longitudinal bore of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6, a first part 16 of the drain line, for example, formed in the connected to the valve needle piston 8.1 and / or in the valve needle 6 and a second part 16 'in the nozzle body 2, wherein the two parts are connected continuously, when the valve needle 6 rests on the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed. Thanks to the leak oil line can be prevented that fuel passes along the pin 15 in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head and the pressure of the fuel in the longitudinal bore increases before the fuel supply to the nozzle head is released by the valve needle 7.

Weitere Ausführungsformen, -varianten und Einzelheiten zur Auslegung der in Fig. 2B gezeigten Einspritzdüse können der Beschreibung zu Fig. 2A entnommen werden. Darüber hinaus bezieht sich die im Zusammenhang mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 2A vorgebrachte Erläuterung des Einspritzvorgangs auch auf das in Fig. 2B gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel.Further embodiments, variants and details for the interpretation of in Fig. 2B shown injection nozzle can the description too Fig. 2A be removed. In addition, in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 2A put forward explanation of the injection process also on the in Fig. 2B shown embodiment.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einem Dieselmotor, insbesondere einem Zweitakt-Grossdieselmotor, sowie ein Steuerventil gemäss vorliegender Erfindung. Die Einspritzdüse umfasst im dritten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Düsenkörper 2 und einen mit diesem verbundenen Düsenkopf 3, der eine Längsbohrung 5 und eine oder mehrere Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 aufweist, die von der Längsbohrung ausgehen, um Brennstoff in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors einzuspritzen. Weiter umfasst die Einspritzdüse eine im Innern des Düsenkörpers 2 angeordnete Ventilnadel 6 und einen Ventilsitz 7, der mit der Ventilnadel zusammenwirkt, um die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Längsbohrung 5 und zu den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu steuern. In der Einspritzdüse ist in der Längsbohrung 5 des Düsenkopfs 3 zusätzlich ein Schieber 14' zum Öffnen und Verschliessen der Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 vorgesehen, der mit Vorteil bezüglich des Düsenkopfs 3 drehbar ist, und der mit einem eigenen Stellantrieb 8.3, 9.3 versehen ist, um den Schieber 14' im Betrieb zeitlich versetzt von der Ventilnadel 6 zu betätigen. Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of an injection nozzle for injecting fuel in a diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine, and a control valve according to the present invention. In the third exemplary embodiment, the injection nozzle comprises a nozzle body 2 and a nozzle head 3 connected thereto, which has a longitudinal bore 5 and one or more nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 which emanate from the longitudinal bore in order to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine. Furthermore, the injection nozzle comprises a valve needle 6 arranged in the interior of the nozzle body 2 and a valve seat 7 which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore 5 and to the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2. In the injector is in the Longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 3 additionally a slider 14 'for opening and closing the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 is provided, which is rotatable with advantage with respect to the nozzle head 3, and which is provided with its own actuator 8.3, 9.3 to the slider 14' in operation offset from the valve needle 6 to actuate.

Weiter kann die Einspritzdüse des in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels fallweise einen Düsenhalter, der in Fig. 3 der Übersichtlichkeit wegen weggelassen ist, und/oder einen Kolben 8.1, der zum Beispiel in einer Zylinderbohrung im Düsenkörper 2 beweglich angeordnet ist und mit der Ventilnadel 6 in Verbindung, fallweise Wirkverbindung steht, und/oder eine Rückstellfeder umfassen, deren Federkraft fallweise auf den mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolben 8.1 und/oder die Ventilnadel 6 wirkt, um diese in den Einspritzpausen und im Ruhezustand gegen den Ventilsitz 7 zu drücken und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 zu unterbrechen. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante kann der mit der Ventilnadel verbundene Kolben 8.1 über eine Brennstoffzuführung 12 mit dem Brennstoffdruck beaufschlagt werden, um die Ventilnadel 6 mittels des Kolbens vom Ventilsitz 7 zu trennen und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 freizugeben.Next, the injector of in Fig. 3 case shown, a nozzle holder shown in Fig. 3 is omitted for clarity, and / or a piston 8.1, which is movably arranged, for example, in a cylinder bore in the nozzle body 2 and with the valve needle 6 in conjunction, occasionally operative connection, and / or comprise a return spring, the spring force on a case by case the valve needle connected piston 8.1 and / or the valve needle 6 acts to press them in the injection breaks and in the rest state against the valve seat 7 and to interrupt the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3. In an advantageous embodiment, the piston connected to the valve needle 8.1 can be acted upon by a fuel supply 12 with the fuel pressure to separate the valve needle 6 by means of the piston from the valve seat 7 and release the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3.

Der Schieber 14' ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel als Drehschieber ausgeführt, der beispielsweise, wie in den Figuren 3 und 3A gezeigt, als Teil, das über den grösseren Teil des Umfangs zylindrisch geformt ist, oder fallweise als Teil eines zylinderförmigen Teils oder als Hülse oder Teil einer Hülse ausgebildet sein kann, wobei in den genannten Teilen beziehungsweise in der genannten Hülse fallweise eine oder mehrere Öffnungen vorgesehen sind, die in Einspritzstellung des Schiebers 14' die Brennstoffzufuhr zu der oder den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 freigeben. Bei Bedarf kann der Schieber 14' drehbar im Düsenkopf 3 geführt und/oder gelagert sein, beispielsweise in der Längsbohrung 5 des Düsenkopfs.The slider 14 'is executed in the embodiment shown as a rotary valve, for example, as in the FIGS. 3 and 3A shown as a part which is cylindrically shaped over the greater part of the circumference, or occasionally may be formed as part of a cylindrical part or as a sleeve or part of a sleeve, wherein provided in said parts or in said sleeve case by case one or more openings are in the injection position of the slide 14 ', the fuel supply to the orifices 4.1, 4.2 release. If necessary, the slider 14 'can be rotatably guided in the nozzle head 3 and / or stored, for example in the longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14' als hydraulischer Aktuator ausgebildet, beispielsweise, wie in den Figuren 3, 3B und 3C gezeigt, als Drehantrieb mit mindestens einem drehbar gelagerten Zapfen 8.3a und einem daran ausgebildeten Nocken 8.3, der in einem zylinderförmigen Hohlraum oder einem Sektor eines zylinderförmigen Hohlraumes drehbar geführt ist, und der den Hohlraum abschliesst, so dass der Nocken und Zapfen eine Drehbewegung ausführen, wenn der Hohlraum mit einem unter Druck stehenden Medium beaufschlagt wird. Der hydraulische Aktuator des Stellantriebs ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mit dem Schieber 14' wirkverbunden, beispielsweise über eine Schlitzkupplung. Der Drehantrieb kann zum Beispiel zwischen dem Ventilsitz 7 und dem Düsenkopf 3 angeordnet sein. Es ist aber beispielsweise auch möglich den Drehantrieb im oberen Teil der Einspritzdüse anzuordnen und zum Beispiel über eine Welle mit dem Schieber 14' zu verbinden, bei Bedarf unter Zwischenschaltung von Zahnrädern. Fallweise kann der hydraulische Aktuator auch mit einem Steuerschieber eines Steuerventils kombiniert werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slider 14 'is formed as a hydraulic actuator, for example, as in the Figures 3, 3B and 3C shown as a rotary drive with at least one rotatably mounted pin 8.3a and a cam formed thereon 8.3, in a cylindrical cavity or a sector of a cylindrical Cavity is rotatably guided, and which closes the cavity, so that the cam and pin perform a rotational movement when the cavity is subjected to a pressurized medium. The hydraulic actuator of the actuator is in the exemplary embodiment with the slider 14 'operatively connected, for example via a slot coupling. The rotary drive can be arranged, for example, between the valve seat 7 and the nozzle head 3. But it is also possible, for example, to arrange the rotary drive in the upper part of the injection nozzle and, for example via a shaft with the slider 14 'to connect, if necessary with the interposition of gears. In some cases, the hydraulic actuator can also be combined with a control spool of a control valve.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14' eine Rückstellfeder 9.3, die beispielsweise, wie in Fig. 3C gezeigt, als Spiralfeder ausgebildet sein kann, mittels welcher der Schieber beziehungsweise der Drehantrieb in eine Ausgangs- oder Ruhelage gebracht werden kann, um die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu verschliessen.In a further advantageous embodiment, the actuator of the slider 14 'comprises a return spring 9.3, which, for example, as in Fig. 3C shown, may be formed as a spiral spring, by means of which the slide or the rotary drive can be brought into an initial or rest position to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.

Fallweise kann der Stellantrieb des Schiebers mit der Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse verbunden sein, um den Schieber 14' mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs zu betätigen. Falls sowohl die Ventilnadel 6 als auch der Stellantrieb des Schiebers 14' mit dem Druck des zugeführten Brennstoffs betätigt werden, so wird zweckmässigerweise die Federkonstante und - spannung der Rückstellfeder 9.1 der Ventilnadel 6 auf die Federkonstante und -spannung der Rückstellfeder 9.3 des Schiebers 14' abgestimmt, und zwar mit Vorteil derart, dass die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 durch den Schieber freigegeben werden, bevor die Ventilnadel 6 bewegt und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 geöffnet wird.In some cases, the actuator of the slide can be connected to the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle to actuate the slide 14 'with the pressure of the supplied fuel. If both the valve needle 6 and the actuator of the slide 14 'are actuated with the pressure of the supplied fuel, so the spring constant and - voltage of the return spring 9.1 of the valve needle 6 is suitably adjusted to the spring constant and voltage of the return spring 9.3 of the slider 14' , and with advantage such that the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released by the slider before the valve needle 6 is moved and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is opened.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante umfasst die Einspritzdüse einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3. Der Kreislauf kann beispielsweise für Brennstoff ausgelegt und bei Bedarf mit einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck verbunden sein.In an advantageous embodiment, the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3. The circuit can be designed, for example, for fuel and if necessary connected to a fuel system with reduced pressure.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante umfasst die Einspritzdüse ein Steuerventil 20, das in einem oberen Teil oder Bereich der Einspritzdüse angeordnet sein kann, um die Betätigung des Schiebers 14, 14' und/oder die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Einspritzdüse und/oder, falls vorhanden, einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3 zu steuern.In a further advantageous embodiment, the injection nozzle comprises a control valve 20, which may be arranged in an upper part or region of the injection nozzle to the actuation of the slide 14, 14 'and / or the fuel supply to the injection nozzle and / or, if present, a circuit to control the cooling of the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3.

In Fig. 3 ist im oberen Teil ein Längsschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines derartigen Steuerventils gezeigt. Das Steuerventil 20 umfasst einen Steuerschieber 21, der sich in Fig. 3 in einer Stellung zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff befindet, sowie einen in Fig. 3 nicht gezeigten Hilfsantrieb, wie zum Beispiel einen Hydraulikzylinder, zum Betätigen des Steuerschiebers. Das Steuerventil kann fallweise ein Ventil zur Steuerung der Brennstoffzufuhr enthalten mit einem Ventilsitz, einem Schliessteil 22 und einer Rückstellfeder 23, um den Schliessteil gegen den Ventilsitz zu drücken. In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 wird der Schliessteil 22 durch denselben vom Ventilsitz weggedrückt, und die Zufuhr des Brennstoffs von der Brennstoffzuführung 12' des Steuerventils zur Ventilnadel 6 der Einspritzdüse über die Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse freigegeben. Weiter kann das Steuerventil 20 eine Steuerfunktion, die beispielsweise als 2/2-Wege- oder 3/2-Wege-Ventil ausgebildet ist, zur Steuerung des Schiebers 14, 14' enthalten, sowie fallweise eine Steuerleitung 18, über die das Steuerventil mit dem Stellantrieb des Schiebers verbunden ist. Die entsprechende Zuführung eines unter Druck stehenden Mediums zum Steuerventil erfolgt beispielsweise über einen Einlass 24, der mit der Brennstoffzuführung verbunden sein kann oder mit einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck. In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 ist der Einlass 24 mit der Steuerleitung 18 verbunden, um den Schieber 14, 14' zu betätigen und die Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 freizugeben.In Fig. 3 is shown in the upper part of a longitudinal section through an embodiment of such a control valve. The control valve 20 includes a spool 21, which is in Fig. 3 located in a position for injecting fuel, as well as an in Fig. 3 not shown auxiliary drive, such as a hydraulic cylinder, for actuating the spool. The control valve may occasionally include a valve for controlling the fuel supply with a valve seat, a closing part 22 and a return spring 23 to push the closing part against the valve seat. In the in Fig. 3 shown position of the spool 21, the closing part 22 is pushed away by the same from the valve seat, and the supply of the fuel from the fuel supply 12 'of the control valve to the valve needle 6 of the injection nozzle via the fuel supply 12 of the injection nozzle released. Further, the control valve 20, a control function, which is designed for example as a 2/2-way or 3/2-way valve for controlling the slide 14, 14 'included, and occasionally a control line 18 through which the control valve with the Actuator of the slide is connected. The corresponding supply of a pressurized medium to the control valve takes place for example via an inlet 24, which may be connected to the fuel supply or with a fuel system with reduced pressure. In the in Fig. 3 shown position of the spool 21, the inlet 24 is connected to the control line 18 to actuate the slider 14, 14 'and the nozzle openings 4.1, 4.2 release.

Falls die Einspritzdüse einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3 umfasst, kann im Steuerventil 20 eine Steuerfunktion zur Steuerung des Kreislaufs vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil umfasst. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Steuerventil zu diesem Zweck über eine Rückführung 17 mit der Kühleinrichtung der Einspritzdüse verbunden. Als Kühleinrichtung können beispielsweise, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, die Brennstoffzuführung 12, der im Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildete Hohlraum, der den Vorderteil des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und Teile der Ventilnadel umgibt, und die Rückführung 17 verwendet werden. Der Kreislauf kann beispielsweise für Brennstoff ausgelegt und bei Bedarf mit einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck verbunden sein, um Pumpleistung zu sparen. In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 ist die Rückführung 17 geschlossen, da in der gezeigten Variante während dem Einspritzen von Brennstoff keine Umwälzung im Kühlkreislauf vorgesehen ist.If the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3, a control function for controlling the circuit may be provided in the control valve 20, which comprises, for example, a 2/2-way valve. Advantageously, the control valve is connected for this purpose via a return 17 to the cooling device of the injection nozzle. As a cooling device, for example, as in Fig. 3 shown, the fuel supply 12, the cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle, and the return 17 can be used. For example, the circuit may be fueled and, if desired, connected to a reduced pressure fuel system to conserve pump power. In the in Fig. 3 shown position of the spool 21, the return 17 is closed, since in the variant shown during the injection of fuel no circulation is provided in the cooling circuit.

Fig. 3D zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch das Steuerventil von Fig. 3 während einer Einspritzpause. Das Steuerventil 20 umfasst einen Steuerschieber 21, der sich in Fig. 3D in einer Ruhestellung befindet, die der Stellung während den Einspritzpausen entspricht. Das Steuerventil kann fallweise ein Ventil zur Steuerung der Brennstoffzufuhr enthalten mit einem Ventilsitz, einem Schliessteil 22 und einer Rückstellfeder 23. In der in Fig. 3D gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 ist derselbe vom Schliessteil 22 getrennt, so dass der Schliessteil durch die Rückstellfeder 23 gegen den Ventilsitz gedrückt wird und die Brennstoffzufuhr von der Brennstoffzuführung 12' des Steuerventils zur Ventilnadel 6 der Einspritzdüse unterbrochen ist. Weiter kann das Steuerventil 20 eine Steuerfunktion, die beispielsweise als 2/2-Wege- oder 3/2-Wege-Ventil ausgebildet ist, zur Steuerung des Schiebers 14, 14' enthalten, sowie fallweise eine Steuerleitung 18, über die das Steuerventil mit dem Stellantrieb des Schiebers verbunden ist. In der in Fig. 3D gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 ist die Steuerleitung 18 mit einem Auslass 25 verbunden, der beispielsweise mit einem Lecköltank in Verbindung stehen kann, um den Stellantrieb des Schiebers zu entlasten und die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 zu verschliessen. Fig. 3D shows a longitudinal section through the control valve of Fig. 3 during an injection break. The control valve 20 includes a spool 21, which is in Fig. 3D is in a rest position corresponding to the position during the injection pauses. The control valve may occasionally include a valve for controlling the fuel supply with a valve seat, a closing part 22 and a return spring 23. In the in Fig. 3D shown position of the spool 21 is the same separated from the closing part 22, so that the closing part is pressed by the return spring 23 against the valve seat and the fuel supply from the fuel supply 12 'of the control valve to the valve needle 6 of the injection nozzle is interrupted. Further, the control valve 20, a control function, which is designed for example as a 2/2-way or 3/2-way valve for controlling the slide 14, 14 'included, and occasionally a control line 18 through which the control valve with the Actuator of the slide is connected. In the in Fig. 3D shown position of the spool 21, the control line 18 is connected to an outlet 25, which may for example be in communication with a leak oil tank to relieve the actuator of the slide and to close the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2.

Falls die Einspritzdüse einen Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3 umfasst, kann im Steuerventil 20 eine Steuerfunktion zur Steuerung des Kreislaufs vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise zwei 2/2-Wege-Ventile umfasst. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Steuerventil zu diesem Zweck über eine Rückführung 17 mit der Kühleinrichtung der Einspritzdüse verbunden. Der Kreislauf kann beispielsweise für Brennstoff ausgelegt und bei Bedarf, mit einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck verbunden sein, um Pumpleistung zu sparen. In der in Fig. 3D gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 ist die Rückführung 17 mit einem Auslass 26 verbunden, der beispielsweise an einen Tank des Brennstoffsystems mit reduziertem Druck angeschlossen sein kann. Zusätzlich ist in der gezeigten Stellung des Steuerschiebers 21 der Einlass 24, der beispielsweise mit dem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck verbunden sein kann, mit der Brennstoffzuführung 12 der Einspritzdüse verbunden. Auf diese Weise kann Brennstoff mit reduziertem Druck durch die Kühleinrichtung der Einspritzdüse geleitet werden. Als Kühleinrichtung können beispielsweise, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, der im Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildete Hohlraum, der den Vorderteil des mit der Ventilnadel verbundenen Kolbens 8.1 und Teile der Ventilnadel umgibt, sowie die Brennstoffzuführung 12 und die Rückführung 17 verwendet werden, die mit dem Hohlraum in Verbindung stehen.If the injection nozzle comprises a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3, a control function for controlling the circuit may be provided in the control valve 20, which comprises, for example, two 2/2-way valves. Advantageously, the control valve is connected for this purpose via a return 17 to the cooling device of the injection nozzle. The circuit may be designed, for example, for fuel and if necessary, connected to a fuel system with reduced pressure to save pump power. In the in Fig. 3D shown position of Spool valve 21, the return 17 is connected to an outlet 26, which may be connected, for example, to a tank of the fuel system with reduced pressure. In addition, in the illustrated position of the spool valve 21, the inlet 24, which may be connected to the reduced pressure fuel system, for example, is connected to the fuel supply 12 of the injector. In this way, fuel can be passed through the cooling device of the injection nozzle at reduced pressure. As a cooling device, for example, as in Fig. 3 shown, the cavity formed in the nozzle body 2, which surrounds the front part of the associated with the valve needle piston 8.1 and parts of the valve needle, and the fuel supply 12 and the return 17 are used, which are in communication with the cavity.

Mittels des Steuerventils 20 kann je nach Ausführung der Ablauf des Einspritzvorgangs und/oder die Betätigung des Schiebers 14, 14' im Düsenkopf 2 und/oder ein Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3 gesteuert werden. Mit Vorteil werden der Kühlkreislauf und gegebenenfalls der Stellantrieb zur Betätigung des Schiebers aus einem Niederdrucksystem, wie beispielsweise einem Brennstoffsystem mit reduziertem Druck, gespeist, um die Pumpverluste im Kühlkreislauf gering zu halten. Mit Beginn des Einspritzvorgangs unterbricht der Steuerschieber 21 fallweise die Zufuhr zur Kühleinrichtung in der Einspritzdüse sowie die Rückführung 17 des Kühlkreislaufs und/oder öffnet die Verbindung zwischen dem mit einem Drucksystem verbundenen Einlass 24 und der Steuerleitung 18, die das Steuerventil mit dem Stellantrieb für den Schieber verbindet. Dadurch wird der Schieber im Düsenkopf in Einspritzstellung gebracht und die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 werden freigegeben. Der eigentliche Einspritzvorgang wird durch eine weitere Verschiebung des Steuerschiebers 21 ausgelöst, die ein im Steuerventil vorgesehenes Ventil zur Steuerung der Brennstoffzufuhr öffnet, wodurch der Brennstoff zur Ventilnadel 6 in der Einspritzdüse gelangt. Durch den Brennstoffdruck wird der mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundene Kolben 8.1 und die Ventilnadel vom Ventilsitz 7 weggedrückt und die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 und zu der oder den Düsenöffnungen 4.1, 4.2 geöffnet. Der durch die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen austretende Brennstoff wird nun in einen Verbrennungsraum des Dieselmotors eingespritzt.Depending on the design, the course of the injection process and / or the actuation of the slide 14, 14 'in the nozzle head 2 and / or a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3 can be controlled by means of the control valve 20. Advantageously, the cooling circuit and optionally the actuator for actuating the slide from a low pressure system, such as a fuel system with reduced pressure, fed to keep the pumping losses in the cooling circuit low. With the start of the injection process, the spool 21 interrupts the supply to the cooling device in the injection nozzle and the return circuit 17 of the cooling circuit and / or opens the connection between the connected to a pressure system inlet 24 and the control line 18, the control valve with the actuator for the slider combines. As a result, the slide in the nozzle head is brought into the injection position and the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are released. The actual injection process is triggered by a further displacement of the spool 21, which opens a valve provided in the control valve for controlling the fuel supply, whereby the fuel passes to the valve needle 6 in the injection nozzle. As a result of the fuel pressure, the piston 8.1 connected to the valve needle 6 and the valve needle are pushed away from the valve seat 7 and the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 and to the nozzle orifices 4.1, 4.2 is opened. The fuel exiting through the nozzle orifice is now injected into a combustion chamber of the diesel engine.

Der Einspritzvorgang wird beendet, indem der Steuerschieber 21 des Steuerventils zuerst das in demselben vorgesehene Ventil zur Steuerung der Brennstoffzufuhr schliesst. In diesem Fall sinkt der Brennstoffdruck an dem mit der Ventilnadel 6 verbundenen Kolben 8.1 und die Ventilnadel 6 wird durch die Federkraft der auf den Kolben wirkenden Rückstellfeder 9.1 gegen den Ventilsitz 7 gedrückt. Damit wird die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Düsenkopf 3 geschlossen. Durch eine weitere Verschiebung des Steuerschiebers kann die Verbindung zwischen dem mit einem Drucksystem verbundenen Einlass 24 und der Steuerleitung 18, die das Steuerventil mit dem Stellantrieb für den Schieber verbindet, unterbrochen werden. Dadurch wird der Schieber in eine Stellung bewegt, in welcher die Düsenöffnung oder -öffnungen 4.1, 4.2 im Düsenkopf 3 verschlossen sind. Auf diese Weise kann, wenn der Einspritzvorgang beendet ist, ein unerwünschter Austritt von Brennstoff aus der Längsbohrung des Düsenkopfs vermieden werden. Falls ein Kreislauf zum Kühlen des Düsenkörpers 2 und/oder Düsenkopfs 3 vorhanden ist, kann die Zufuhr zur Kühleinrichtung in der Einspritzdüse sowie die Rückführung 17 des Kühlkreislaufs mittels des Steuerschiebers geöffnet werden, um den Düsenkörper und/oder Düsenkopf in den Einspritzpausen oder in der Ruhestellung der Einspritzdüse zu kühlen.The injection process is terminated by the control spool 21 of the control valve first closing the fuel supply control valve provided therein. In this case, the fuel pressure at the piston connected to the valve needle 6 drops 8.1 and the valve needle 6 is pressed by the spring force of the force acting on the piston return spring 9.1 against the valve seat 7. Thus, the fuel supply to the nozzle head 3 is closed. By further displacement of the spool, the connection between the inlet connected to a pressure system inlet 24 and the control line 18, which connects the control valve with the actuator for the slide, can be interrupted. As a result, the slider is moved to a position in which the nozzle opening or openings 4.1, 4.2 are closed in the nozzle head 3. In this way, when the injection process is completed, an undesirable leakage of fuel from the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head can be avoided. If a circuit for cooling the nozzle body 2 and / or nozzle head 3 is present, the supply to the cooling device in the injection nozzle and the return 17 of the cooling circuit by means of the spool can be opened to the nozzle body and / or nozzle head in the injection breaks or in the rest position to cool the injector.

Dank dem eigenen Stellantrieb für den Schieber ist es möglich, die Einspritzdüse, wie oben stehend beschrieben, so zu steuern, dass sich der Schieber wenig oder gar nicht bewegt, solange die Längsbohrung im Düsenkopf mit dem Brennstoffdruck aus der Brennstoffzuführung beaufschlagt ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sowohl der Verschleiss des Düsenkopfs, als auch der Verschleiss des Schiebers und Stellantriebs vermindert werden kann.Thanks to its own actuator for the slide, it is possible to control the injector, as described above, so that the slide little or no movement, as long as the longitudinal bore in the nozzle head is acted upon by the fuel pressure from the fuel supply. This has the advantage that both the wear of the nozzle head, as well as the wear of the slide and actuator can be reduced.

Claims (10)

  1. An injection nozzle for the injection of fuel in a diesel engine, in particular in a two-stroke large diesel engine with a nozzle body (2), a nozzle head (3) connected to the same and having a longitudinal bore (5) and one or more nozzle apertures (4.1, 4.2), which start at the longitudinal bore, in order to inject fuel into a combustion space of the diesel engine, and also with a valve needle (6) arranged inside the nozzle body (2) and with a valve seat (7) which cooperates with the valve needle in order to control the fuel supply to the longitudinal bore (5) and to the nozzle apertures (4.1, 4.2), wherein a valve spool (14, 14') is additionally provided in the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head (3) to open and close the nozzle apertures (4.1, 4.2) and is provided with its own actuator (8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3, 15), in order to operate the valve spool (14, 14') offset in time relative to the valve needle (6), characterized in that the valve spool (14, 14') is controlled such that after each injection cycle the nozzle apertures (4.1, 4.2) are closed, so that during the expansion phase an undesired output of fuel from the longitudinal bore (5) of the nozzle head (3) is prevented.
  2. An injection nozzle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the valve spool (14, 14') is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle head (3) and/or rotatable relative to this to open and close the nozzle apertures (4.1, 4.2).
  3. An injection nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the valve spool (14, 14') is formed as a sleeve or part of a sleeve or as a cylindrical part or part of a cylindrical part.
  4. An injection nozzle in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuator (8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3, 15) of the valve spool (14, 14') is formed as a hydraulic actuator.
  5. An injection nozzle in accordance with claim 4, wherein the hydraulic actuator is formed as a longitudinal piston (8.2) or as a hydraulic drive (8.3) for a rotary spool.
  6. An injection nozzle in accordance with claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the actuator (8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3, 15) of the valve spool (14, 14') is connected to the fuel supply to the injection nozzle in order to control the valve spool with the pressure of the supplied fuel.
  7. An injection nozzle in accordance with any one of the previous claims, wherein the the actuator (8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3, 15) of the valve spool (14, 14') includes a return spring (9.2, 9.3).
  8. An injection nozzle in accordance with any one of the previous claims including a circuit to cool the nozzle body (2) and/or the nozzle head (2), in particular a circuit for fuel, which for example is connected to a fuel system at reduced pressure.
  9. An injection nozzle in accordance with any one of the previous claims, including a control valve (20) to control the operation of the valve spool (14, 14') and/or the fuel supply to the injection nozzle and/or, if present, a circuit to cool the nozzle body and/or the nozzle head.
  10. A diesel engine, in particular a two-stroke large diesel engine with at least one injection nozzle in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 9.
EP08159570A 2007-07-27 2008-07-03 Injection nozzle for fuel Not-in-force EP2025920B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08159570A EP2025920B1 (en) 2007-07-27 2008-07-03 Injection nozzle for fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07113356 2007-07-27
EP08159570A EP2025920B1 (en) 2007-07-27 2008-07-03 Injection nozzle for fuel

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EP2025920A1 EP2025920A1 (en) 2009-02-18
EP2025920B1 true EP2025920B1 (en) 2011-11-09

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EP08159570A Not-in-force EP2025920B1 (en) 2007-07-27 2008-07-03 Injection nozzle for fuel

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EP (1) EP2025920B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2009030605A (en)
KR (1) KR20090012056A (en)
CN (1) CN101354000B (en)
AT (1) ATE532960T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0803744A2 (en)
DK (1) DK2025920T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2479742C2 (en)

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CN101354000B (en) 2012-04-04
DK2025920T3 (en) 2012-02-27
RU2479742C2 (en) 2013-04-20
EP2025920A1 (en) 2009-02-18
KR20090012056A (en) 2009-02-02
ATE532960T1 (en) 2011-11-15
JP3186787U (en) 2013-10-24
CN101354000A (en) 2009-01-28
JP2009030605A (en) 2009-02-12
RU2008130847A (en) 2010-01-27
BRPI0803744A2 (en) 2009-04-22

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