EP1353881A1 - Thermisch vorgespannter bildschirm für kathodenstrahlröhren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Thermisch vorgespannter bildschirm für kathodenstrahlröhren und verfahren zu seiner herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1353881A1 EP1353881A1 EP02706726A EP02706726A EP1353881A1 EP 1353881 A1 EP1353881 A1 EP 1353881A1 EP 02706726 A EP02706726 A EP 02706726A EP 02706726 A EP02706726 A EP 02706726A EP 1353881 A1 EP1353881 A1 EP 1353881A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- cooling
- temperature
- mpa
- surface compressive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/06—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses
- C03B27/065—Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/10—Construction of plunger or mould for making hollow or semi-hollow articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
- C03B25/04—Annealing glass products in a continuous way
- C03B25/06—Annealing glass products in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the glass products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/04—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way
- C03B29/06—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a continuous way with horizontal displacement of the products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
- H01J9/244—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for cathode ray tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/86—Vessels and containers
- H01J2229/8613—Faceplates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a thermally prestressed screen for cathode ray tubes with a defined distribution of surface compressive stresses, consisting of a substantially rectangular windshield with a circumferentially angular molded web, which ends with a soldering edge.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such a screen.
- Cathode ray tubes made of glass such as are used in particular as picture tubes for TV sets or as monitors for PC, typically consist of a screen, i.e. a windshield, also called a spherical cap, with a web that is formed around the circumference at an angle, a funnel that is airtightly connected to the web edge to edge, and the neck for the cathode ray system, which is melted onto an opening in the funnel.
- the circumferential web typically extends essentially perpendicular to the approximately rectangular windshield, which, as in the case of conventional cathode ray tubes, can also be essentially flat, as in the case of modern flat screens.
- these cathode ray tubes After being evacuated, these cathode ray tubes are exposed to a very high pressure load due to atmospheric pressure. This applies in particular to the very large-area TV picture tubes and there especially to the screen. This pressure load leads, among other things, to the fact that the front panel of the screen is curved inwards.
- a high breaking strength and thus a high implosion protection standard of the picture tube is aimed at in the manufacture of the screens. This can be done by a sufficiently high wall thickness and a suitable wall thickness distribution of the screen. In general, the flatter the wall thickness of the front screen of the screen, the flatter, i.e. less curved, the front screen of the screen is. However, this has the consequence that the weight of the screen and thus of the picture tube increases.
- the circumferential web of the front screen of the screen also contributes to improving the breaking strength of the cathode ray tube. Without the peripheral web, in the connection area between the screen and the picture tube funnel or in the vicinity thereof, under dynamic load, i.e. in the event of a shock or impact, high tensile stress occurs, which can lead to the screen breaking along the connecting edge. However, this is undesirable in the event of an implosion.
- the angle between the windshield and the circumferentially angled web is not necessarily exactly 90 °.
- the thickness, shape, height and other geometric properties of the surrounding web, but also the transition area to the windscreen, are therefore generally designed so that the resulting picture tube has the necessary strength.
- the resulting breaking strength of the screen - and thus also that of the picture tube - also depends to a large extent on the type of manufacture of the screen and on the mechanical stresses that arise in the screen, which will be described below.
- a typical manufacturing process for the screen consists of pressing the raw screen from a molten glass item, an initial cooling step, the introduction of the so-called PIN's for holding the shadow mask and its adjustment, a relaxation step and a grinding and polishing step.
- Relaxation usually takes place in two stages. During the initial stage, a homogeneous warming of the pressed screen (the so-called "soaking"), the temperature is evened out and tensions are reduced with a short decay time. In the final stage, the screen is cooled to room temperature at a defined cooling rate in such a way that the screen is not broken by transient voltages.
- the finished picture tube is heated again to temperatures up to 380 ° C during the evacuation. This leads to transient thermal stresses, which can cause the picture tube to break. This problem is exacerbated in particular if the speed of the thermal process steps and thus the steepness of the temperature curves passing through in the production process of the picture tubes is increased in order to reduce the production times. In the case of picture tubes with insufficient breaking strength or excessive transient tensions due to temperature gradients, implosion occurs in the worst case after the desired vacuum has been reached, but before or when the tension band is applied. Within the finished evacuated picture tube, the maximum value of the tensile stress caused by the vacuum occurs near the corner area between the front screen and the web or in the web of the screen itself.
- the pressing process and the downstream cooling and expansion process play a decisive role in this distribution of tension on the screen.
- the glass screen is generally pressed from an approximately 1000 ° C glass batch. During this pressing process, high temperature gradients between the surface and the interior of the glass body are created by the contact cooling with the press ram.
- the glass temperature is too high when the press ram is withdrawn at the end of the pressing process, the already solid surface of the glass body is heated up again by the hotter core glass and the glass body loses its shape determined by the pressing.
- the glass temperature is too low when the punch is withdrawn, a break can occur, especially along the edges and near the corners of the screen. It is therefore common practice to remove the die from the die as soon as possible, ie to stop contact cooling by the die as early as possible, and to remove the raw screen remaining in the die by forced convection with air to cool.
- Both the maximum value of the tensile stress arising under static vacuum load and the area in which this maximum occurs are determined by the geometry and the wall thickness distribution of the picture tube.
- a common design practice provides, within the given limits, to set the screen geometry and the wall thickness distribution in such a way that the maximum vacuum-related tensile stress remains below 8 MPa. This can be achieved, for example, in a known manner by changing the radii of the inner / outer curvature of the windshield with the aim of thickening the edge regions (vault effect; wedge effect; “wedge”).
- Another possibility is the targeted change of material thicknesses, preferably in the web or transition area, with the aim of reducing the stress components introduced into the windshield due to excessive rigidity in this area by deformation.
- the radius of curvature is adjusted, this can be pronounced separately for each axis of the screen. If the radius of curvature of the front screen of the screen is increased, a significantly thicker front screen is necessary at least in some areas in order to keep the maximum vacuum-related tensile stress below an acceptable value.
- the properties of the picture tube with regard to implosion security are fundamentally deteriorated if the wall thicknesses are close are uniform and the front screen of the screen is essentially flat, as is required in modern flat screens.
- the breaking strength of the picture tube can be increased by increasing the wall thickness of the windshield or by providing a curvature by reducing the radii of curvature while possibly increasing the wall thickness in the edge regions.
- the overall weight of the picture tube increases disadvantageously. In addition to unfavorable handling properties of the picture tube, this also leads to a slowdown of the picture tube production process with higher energy consumption, due to the longer heating and cooling cycles both when connecting the screen to the funnel and during evacuation. If, on the other hand, the radius of curvature of the inner screen surface is reduced in order to increase the ratio of the wall thicknesses in the edge areas to those in the center of the screen, then the different glass thicknesses across the illuminated glass surface result in a loss of brightness in the edge area.
- breaking strength of glass picture tubes in particular of flat screens, can be increased by additional measures in a way other than by increasing the wall thickness of the screen.
- the decisive factor is the course of the stress profile over the thickness and the stress distribution within the screen, in addition to the physical properties of the glass used in each case, both of the absolute value of the temperature and of the largest Depending on the temperature difference between the outside and inside of the screen and the local time.
- the thickness of a surface compressive stress layer that can be achieved by annealing is always larger than 1/10 of the screen thickness.
- cooling typically results in a surface layer under compressive stress with an intermediate layer under tensile stress both on its outside and on its inside.
- the level of the voltages increases towards the edge of the screen, i.e. down to the all-round, angled web.
- the residual voltage that otherwise arises is reduced to an acceptable value.
- This is done by first keeping the screen temperature near the transformation temperature for a certain period of time in order to achieve homogeneous soaking and so on remove excess voltages at the same time and then cool the screen to room temperature with a temperature gradient between 3 K / min up to 10 K / min, depending on the thickness and temperature of the glass part.
- a compressive stress layer which is more than 1/10 of the screen thickness
- a tensile stress layer which lies between the two compressive stress layers, are formed on the two surfaces of the screen.
- the compressive stress in the area of the bending of the web (transition area) is approximately half the compressive stress in the center of the front screen of the screen.
- a targeted treatment of the screen to reduce the shrinkage during thermal aftertreatment is not addressed in the aforementioned document.
- US 5,445,285 describes a picture tube whose glass walls are thermally toughened. Relationships are given which are intended to show the relationship between the maximum surface tensile stress under static vacuum load, the glass breaking strength and the required amount of compressive stress on the surface of the glass body for an implosion-proof picture tube. From this, the idea already known from the first-mentioned US Pat. No. 2,991,591 is developed to thermally prestress the areas of the screen, on the surface of which considerable tensile stresses occur under vacuum load, for compensation. Due to more cooling of the windscreen, there is a higher compressive stress than in the web; the amount of preload in the web is up to 50% lower than that of the windscreen. Nevertheless, the relationships and conditions described are not sufficient to describe a picture tube that is implosion-proof even under dynamic load (impact, shock).
- the absolute value of the surface compressive stresses in the screen areas in which the maximum tensile stresses occur under vacuum load should be in the range from 7 to 30 MPa.
- Such high surface compressive stresses also lead to high tensile stresses in the area of the middle layer of the screen, the value of which is approximately half the absolute value of the surface compressive stress.
- undesirable, unmanageable breaking behavior (dicing) can occur, in which small parts are detached from the screen and flung at high speed in the direction of the viewer.
- the tensile stresses in the middle layer of the finished picture tube should always be kept below 10 MPa.
- DE 197 58 060 AI describes a method for achieving a pretension in which, after the screen has been pressed and removed from the mold, a pretension is introduced in the edge region of the windshield by targeted blowing with preheated air.
- This method has the disadvantage that an additional device is required for this, which must be adapted to the respective geometry of the screen to be treated and aligned with it.
- it is necessary to shield the areas, which must not be blown to avoid breakage, in individual cases.
- the achievable, high pre-stresses lead to a large number of relatively small splinters in the event of failure in the event of insufficient after-cooling, which reduces the maximum tensile stresses in the middle layer to an acceptable level, as described above.
- the invention has for its object a thermally biased screen for a cathode ray tube, preferably one in which the outer surfaces of the windshields are substantially flat and in which the total change in thickness over the screen surface is minimized by brightness differences between the central area and the peripheral area to reduce, to create, and to carry out the process for its production so that it has a higher implosion security even under dynamic load than the known screens with less shrinkage during thermal aftertreatment.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing thermally prestressed screens for cathode ray tubes consisting of an essentially rectangular front screen with a circumferentially angularly shaped web, which ends with a soldering edge, by hot press molding the respective screen from a molten glass item with a initial cooling step, which is followed by a multi-stage relaxation process by cooling the screen lying on a conveyor belt with the soldering edge, with the steps:
- the measures according to the invention can be used to create a thermally toughened screen with a defined stress distribution, which has comparatively high surface compressive stresses with moderate residual stresses in the soldering edge and a moderate change in the glass density during thermal aftertreatment.
- the method according to the invention also reduces the shrinkage and deformation of the screen during the reheating phases in the production of the completed picture tube. Therefore, both the density changes and the differences in density changes on the screen can be minimized.
- the pressure-saving layers in the completed picture tube are distributed as evenly and as symmetrically as possible.
- the compressive stress on the inner surface of the screen is equal to or greater than that on the outside of the screen. This is particularly the case in the areas of the glass screen that are closest to the edge areas and there in particular to the corner areas, that is to say in the transition from the front screen to the web.
- the method according to the invention allows the generation of a predetermined voltage distribution on the screen without additional means in a predetermined process solely by means of a heat-optimized pressing tool in connection with a targeted temperature control during the cooling process in the cooling belt. An inherently stable process can thus be achieved, avoiding means that are subject to change over time, that need to be carefully adjusted and adjusted, or that require sophisticated devices against tendencies to error and control.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows three different possibilities for heat optimization of a press ram for screens in three different figure parts A - C, which is only shown in part,
- Figure 2 in four different figure parts A - D schematically four different ways of optimizing the heat of a press mold for screens, which is also only shown in part, and
- Figure 3 is a temperature / time diagram with a preferred cooling curve for the temperature treatment of a thermoformed screen and Figure 4 is a block diagram representation of the main process steps for the manufacture of a picture tube.
- FIG. 1 shows, in three different parts of the figures A, B and C, sections of three embodiments of a water- or oil-cooled, heat-optimized press die 1, and in FIG. 2 likewise three different parts of the sections A, B, C, three sections of a cooled, heat-optimized press- Form 2 for hot forming a screen.
- Both the press die and the press mold have a defined material combination and / or wall thickness distribution in order to achieve heat optimization of the heat removal when the tool comes into contact with the thermoformed screen.
- This heat optimization is carried out in such a way that the press die and the press mold are designed such that a greater amount of heat is dissipated from the screen at a defined value in the areas in which a higher compressive stress is to be built up in the surface of the screen to achieve a higher temperature difference to the middle glass layer in the screen.
- the contact time of the press ram with the hot-formed screen and its dwell time in the press mold play an important role and are therefore fine-tuned accordingly.
- FIG parts A and B of Figure 1 show a heat optimization of the press ram by a different wall thickness distribution, in Figure A in such a way that a recess 3 is formed in the wall of the press ram in the edge region. In the area of this depression, the heat can therefore be more strongly dissipated from the screen located under the (internally cooled) press die 1.
- the different wall thickness distribution is achieved in such a way that an additional plate 1 b is applied, for example screwed on, to the inside of the press die base 1 a.
- the embodiment according to the figure part C shows a heat optimization of the press die 1 by different materials with different thermal conductivity.
- the press die base la which consists of a standard material, is covered on the inside with a layer (layer) lc of a material with lower thermal conductivity, so that the thermal conductivity and thus the heat removal in the corner areas is greater.
- FIG. 2 shows four different parts A, B, C and D of four different ways of optimizing the heat of the press mold 2, a combination of the corresponding measures also being possible here.
- a cooling tube is symbolically indicated in the corner area of the press mold 2, which cools the corner area more than the central area of the screen.
- the heat is optimized by varying the material thickness in the form of a recess 5 in the corner area, which likewise contributes to better heat dissipation in this area.
- FIG. 2C shows an embodiment corresponding to FIG. IC, in which a layer 2a of less heat-conducting material is embedded flush in the mold base 2b on the inside.
- Figure 2 D shows a solution to the Heat optimization in which the layer 2 a of less conductive material is embedded on the outside of the mold base 2 b.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the process sequence according to the invention for producing the prestressed screens in the form of one of the cooling curve and the main process steps.
- the cooling curve shows the time course of the temperature on the screen surface during the hot molding and subsequent cooling of the screen.
- a glass batch of approximately 1000 ° C. is placed in the heat-optimized press mold with a defined material combination and wall thickness distribution according to FIG. 2, as well as an attached ring.
- Glass is preferably used as the glass material, which is known under Schott code 8056 and is typically used for the production of screens.
- the cooled, heat-optimized press die with defined material combination and wall thickness distribution according to FIG. 1 is inserted into the press mold 2 and the molten glass item is pressed into the shape of a screen.
- the screen has the desired initial temperature distribution for the subsequent heat treatment, namely a high temperature difference between the middle layer and the outside of the screen in the areas in which a high surface compressive stress is subsequently to be achieved.
- This temporal process step of pressing and cooling in FIGS. 3 and 4 is designated by "I".
- the screens are transported with free convection and variable transport time to a station in which the so-called pins for the subsequent shadow mask holder are anchored in the screen, the dwell time in the station being variable with free convection.
- the screens with the soldering edge i.e. placed the opening down on a conveyor belt and transported to a cooling furnace.
- the screens are reheated to less than 5 minutes to a temperature slightly above the transformation temperature T G in a first process step III. This is preferably done by a combination of defined radiation and increased circulating air heating, the interior of the thicker areas of the screen preferably being heated. Other methods of reheating, such as the use of microwaves, are also conceivable.
- the screens are then held at elevated temperature for the period IV using the above heating combination to achieve a soaking of the screen.
- rapid cooling takes place, the so-called "quenching". This is preferably brought about by the fact that the temperature of the air used for the forced-air heating is reduced rapidly, ie in a few minutes, for example in 6 minutes, to a temperature of approximately (T G - 100 K) ⁇ 25 K in order to reduce the voltage in to slow down the screens and maintain a temperature difference of at least 15 K between the outside and inside of the screen.
- Other combinations of heating and cooling methods with the aim of setting the temperature difference are also conceivable here.
- the screens which continue to run on the cooling belt through the cooling furnace are finely cooled in order to adjust the maximum change in glass density during the thermal aftertreatment, the so-called "compaction".
- the screens are kept at a temperature of (T G - 80 K) + 15 K for up to 60 min in order to reduce the compaction to a value well below 110 ppm, measured on the basis of a temperature / time curve specified by the picture tube manufacturer, preferably detected by the change in length of a rod-shaped glass sample that occurs.
- the screens are then cooled to room temperature in the usual way.
- the screens produced by the method described above have a sufficiently high surface compressive stress which is greater on the inside of the screen than on the outside.
- the stress layers obtained have a substantially uniform thickness, as a result of which areas with tensile stresses on the inside of the screen near the corners in the transition from the windshield to the web are avoided. These areas with tensile stress are often determined when high surface compressive stresses are built up on the screen due to pure cooling or unsuitable blowing. They are disruptive factors with regard to the security against implosion of the later picture tube.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10102824 | 2001-01-23 | ||
| DE2001102824 DE10102824B9 (de) | 2001-01-23 | 2001-01-23 | Thermisch vorgespannter Bildschirm für Kathodenstrahlröhren und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| PCT/EP2002/000622 WO2002060829A1 (de) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Thermisch vorgespannter bildschirm für kathodenstrahlröhren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1353881A1 true EP1353881A1 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=7671415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02706726A Withdrawn EP1353881A1 (de) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Thermisch vorgespannter bildschirm für kathodenstrahlröhren und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1353881A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1250466C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10102824B9 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002060829A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1452494A1 (de) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-01 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Pressform und Herstellungsverfahren für die Frontscheibe einer Kathodenstrahlröhre |
| DE10312984B3 (de) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-05-27 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zur Herstellung thermisch vorgespannter Bildschirme für Kathodenstrahlröhren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| CN112673467B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 封装用盖部件的制造方法及封装体的制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB846467A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1960-08-31 | Nat Res Dev | Method of and apparatus for prestressing glass articles |
| US4566893A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-01-28 | Rca Corporation | Method for fabricating a glass CRT panel |
| JP2671766B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-30 | 1997-10-29 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 陰極線管用ガラスバルブ |
| US5536995A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1996-07-16 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Glass bulb for a cathode ray and a method of producing the same |
| JP3215765B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-10-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 受像管の製造方法 |
| JP3520695B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-30 | 2004-04-19 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 陰極線管用ガラスバルブ |
| JP3671568B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-26 | 2005-07-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 陰極線管用パネルガラスの製造方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-01-23 DE DE2001102824 patent/DE10102824B9/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-23 WO PCT/EP2002/000622 patent/WO2002060829A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-23 EP EP02706726A patent/EP1353881A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-01-23 CN CN 02806770 patent/CN1250466C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02060829A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10102824B4 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
| DE10102824B9 (de) | 2007-04-05 |
| DE10102824A1 (de) | 2002-08-01 |
| WO2002060829A1 (de) | 2002-08-08 |
| CN1250466C (zh) | 2006-04-12 |
| CN1498195A (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
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