EP1352203A1 - Procede de refrigeration de gaz liquefie et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ci - Google Patents
Procede de refrigeration de gaz liquefie et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ciInfo
- Publication number
- EP1352203A1 EP1352203A1 EP01271522A EP01271522A EP1352203A1 EP 1352203 A1 EP1352203 A1 EP 1352203A1 EP 01271522 A EP01271522 A EP 01271522A EP 01271522 A EP01271522 A EP 01271522A EP 1352203 A1 EP1352203 A1 EP 1352203A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fraction
- compressed
- natural gas
- liquefied natural
- expanded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 116
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 48
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 14
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/066—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/18—External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/80—Retrofitting, revamping or debottlenecking of existing plant
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general and according to a first of its aspects, the gas industry, and in particular a process for refrigeration of pressurized gases containing methane and C2 hydrocarbons
- the invention relates, according to its first aspect, to a method of refrigerating a liquefied natural gas under pressure containing methane and C2 and higher hydrocarbons, comprising a
- the combustible gas obtained by this process is enriched in nitrogen, while the refrigerated liquefied natural gas is depleted in nitrogen.
- Natural gas liquefaction plants have well-defined technical characteristics and limitations imposed by the capacity of the production elements constituting them. Consequently, a liquefied natural gas production installation is limited by its maximum production capacity, under the usual operating conditions. The only solution to increase production is to build a new production unit.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- a first object of the invention is to propose a process, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given by the preamble above, which allows the increase of the capacity of an LNG production unit. , without resorting to the construction of another LNG production unit, which is essentially characterized in that it comprises a second stage (II) in which (Ha) the second compressed fraction is compressed in a second compressor coupled to an expansion turbine to provide a third compressed fraction, in which (Ilb) the third compressed fraction is cooled and then separated into a fourth compressed fraction and a fifth compressed fraction, in which (Ile) the fourth compressed fraction is cooled and expanded in the expansion turbine coupled to the second compressor to provide a relaxed fraction which is then reheated then introduced to a first stage at medium pressure of the compressor (Kl), and in which (Ild) the fifth compressed fraction is cooled and then mixed with the flow of expanded liquefied natural gas.
- a second stage in which (Ha) the second compressed fraction is compressed in a second compressor coupled to an expansion turbine to provide a third compressed
- a first merit of the invention is to have found that a production unit operating at 100% of its capacities, producing a certain flow rate of liquefied natural gas at a temperature of -160 ° C. and at a pressure close to 50 bar. all other operating parameters constant, can increase its throughput, and hence its production, 'by a temperature increase production of liquefied natural gas.
- LNG is stored at around -160 ° C at low pressure (less than 1.1 bar absolute), and an increase in its storage temperature would increase its storage pressure, which represents prohibitive costs, but especially transport difficulties, due to the very large quantities of LNG produced.
- a second merit of the invention is to present an elegant solution to these production limitations by the use of an LNG refrigeration process capable of adapting to a preexisting LNG production process, not requiring the use of significant material and financial resources for the implementation of this process.
- This solution includes the production, by a pre-existing LNG production unit, of LNG at a temperature above about -160 ° C, then its refrigeration at approximately -160 ° C by the process according to the invention.
- a third merit of the invention is to have modified one. refrigeration process for liquefied natural gas rich in known nitrogen and in accordance with the preamble above, and to have allowed its use both with LNG rich in nitrogen as with LNG poor in nitrogen.
- the combustible gas obtained by this process contains very little nitrogen, and therefore has a composition close to that of liquefied natural gas poor in nitrogen.
- the flow of expanded liquefied natural gas can be separated before step (Ib) into a second fraction of the top and in a second fraction of the bottom, the second fraction of the top can be reheated then introduced into the first compressor at a second stage at medium pressure intermediate between the first stage at medium pressure and a stage at low pressure, and the second fraction of foot can be separated into the first fraction of head and the first fraction of foot .
- each compression step can be followed by a cooling step.
- the invention relates to a refrigerated liquefied natural gas and a combustible gas obtained by any of the previously defined methods.
- the invention relates to an installation for refrigerating a pressurized liquefied natural gas containing methane and C2 and higher hydrocarbons, comprising means for carrying out a first step (I) in which (la) said liquefied natural gas is expanded under pressure to provide a flow of expanded liquefied natural gas, in which (Ib) said expanded liquefied natural gas is separated into a first fraction which is relatively more volatile, and a first fraction of relatively less volatile base, in which (the) the first base fraction consisting of refrigerated liquefied natural gas is collected, in which (Id) is heated, it is compressed in a first compressor and the first head fraction is cooled to provide a first compressed fraction of combustible gas which is collected, in which (the) a second compressed fraction is withdrawn from the first compressed fraction which is then cooled and then mixed with the flow of expanded liquefied natural gas, characterized in that it comprises means for effecting a second step
- the invention relates to an installation comprising means for separating the flow of liquefied natural gas expanded before step (Ib) into a second fraction of head and into a second fraction of foot, in that it includes means for heating and then introducing the second overhead fraction into the first compressor at a second stage at medium pressure intermediate between the first stage at medium pressure and a stage at low pressure, and in that it comprises means for separating the second foot fraction into the first head fraction and the first foot fraction.
- the invention relates to an installation in which the first head fraction and the first foot fraction are separated in a first separator tank.
- the invention relates to an installation in which the first head fraction and the first foot fraction are separated in a distillation column.
- the invention relates to an installation in which the flow of expanded liquefied natural gas can be separated into the second head fraction and the second foot fraction in a second balloon separator.
- the invention concerns an installation wherein the distillation column comprises at least one side reboiler and / or the column bottom, in that the liquid withdrawn from a tray of the distillation column circulating in said reboiler is heated in a second heat exchanger then is reintroduced into the distillation column on a stage lower than said tray, and in that the flow of expanded liquefied natural gas is cooled in said second heat exchanger.
- the invention relates to an installation in which the cooling of the first overhead fraction and of the expanded fraction, and the heating of the fourth compressed fraction and of the fifth compressed fraction, s 'performs in a single first heat exchanger.
- the invention relates to an installation in which the second overhead fraction is heated in the first heat exchanger.
- FIG. 1 represents a functional block diagram of a natural gas liquefaction installation in accordance with an embodiment of the prior art
- Figure ⁇ 2 shows a functional block diagram of a liquefied natural gas denitrogenation installation according to a first embodiment of the prior art
- FIG. 3 represents a functional block diagram of a liquefied natural gas denitrogenation installation in accordance with a second embodiment of the prior art
- FC which means “flow controller”
- GT which means “gas turbine”
- GE which means “electric generator”
- LC which means “controller liquid level “”
- PC which means” pressure controller "”
- the pipes used in the installations of FIGS. 1 to 7 will be indicated by the same reference signs as the gaseous fractions which circulate there.
- the installation shown is intended to treat, in a known manner, a dried, desulphurized and decarbonated natural gas 100, in order to obtain liquefied natural gas 1, generally available at a temperature below minus 120 ° C.
- This LNG liquefaction facility has two independent refrigeration circuits.
- a first refrigerant circuit 101 corresponding to a propane cycle, makes it possible to obtain primary cooling to approximately minus 30 ° C. in an exchanger E3 by expansion and vaporization of liquid propane.
- the heated and expanded steam propane is then compressed in a second compressor K2, then the compressed gas obtained 102 is then cooled and liquefied in water refrigerants 103, 104 and 105.
- a second refrigerant circuit 106 generally corresponding to a cycle using a mixture of nitrogen, methane, ethane and propane, allows significant cooling of the natural gas to be treated to obtain liquefied natural gas 1.
- the fluid coolant present in the second refrigerant cycle is compressed in a third compressor K3 and cooled in water exchangers 118 and 119, then is cooled in a water refrigerant 114, to obtain a fluid 107.
- the latter is then cooled and liquefied in the exchanger E3 to provide a cooled and liquefied flow 108.
- the latter is then separated into a vapor phase 109 and a liquid phase 110 which are both introduced into the lower part of a cryogenic exchanger 111. After cooling , the liquid phase
- the expanded fluid 112 is then introduced into the cryogenic exchanger 111 above its lower part, where it is used to cool the fluids circulating in the lower part of the exchanger, by spraying on pipes carrying fluids. to cool, using spray bars.
- the vapor phase 109 circulates in the lower part of the cryogenic exchanger 111 to be cooled and liquefied there, then is further cooled by circulation in an upper part of the cryogenic exchanger 111.
- this cooled and liquefied fraction 109 is expanded in a valve 115, then is used to cool the fluids circulating in the upper part of the cryogenic exchanger 111, by spraying on pipes carrying fluids to be cooled.
- the coolants sprayed inside the cryogenic exchanger 111 are then collected at the bottom of the latter to supply the flow 106 which is sent to the compressor K3.
- the dried, desulfurized and decarbonated natural gas 100 is cooled in a propane heat exchanger 113, then is subjected to a desiccation treatment, which can be, for example, a passage through a molecular sieve, for example in zeolite, and to a demercurization treatment, for example by passing over a silver foam or any other mercury scavenger, in an enclosure 116 to supply a purified natural gas 117.
- a desiccation treatment which can be, for example, a passage through a molecular sieve, for example in zeolite, and to a demercurization treatment, for example by passing over a silver foam or any other mercury scavenger, in an enclosure 116 to supply a purified natural gas 117.
- the latter is then cooled and partially liquefied in the heat exchanger E3, circulates in the lower part, then in the upper part of the cryogenic exchanger 111 to supply a liquefied natural gas 1.
- the latter is usually obtained at a temperature below minus 120 ° C.
- the installation shown is intended to treat, in known manner, a liquefied natural gas 1 rich in nitrogen, to obtain on the one hand, a cooled liquefied natural gas and poor in nitrogen 4, and on the other hand a first compressed fraction 5 which is a compressed combustible gas rich in nitrogen.
- LNG 1 is first expanded and cooled in an expansion turbine X3 which is regulated by a controller LNG flow rate flowing in line 1, then is again expanded and cooled in a valve 18 whose opening depends on the pressure of the LNG leaving.
- compressor X3 to provide a flow of expanded liquefied natural gas 2.
- the latter is then separated into a first fraction of head 3 relatively more volatile, and a first fraction of foot 4 relatively less volatile in a balloon VI.
- the first fraction of a foot 4 consisting of refrigerated liquefied natural gas is collected and pumped in a pump PI, circulates in a valve 19 whose opening is regulated by a liquid level controller in the bottom of the flask VI, then to leave the installation and be stored.
- the first overhead fraction 3 is heated in a first heat exchanger El, then is introduced into a low pressure stage 15 of a compressor K1 coupled to a gas turbine GT.
- This compressor K1 comprises a plurality of compression stages 15, 14, 11 and 30, at progressively high pressures, and a plurality of water coolers 31, 32, 33 and 34. After each compression stage, the compressed gases are cooled by passage through a heat exchanger, preferably with water.
- the first overhead fraction 3 supplies, at the end of the compression and cooling stages, the compressed nitrogen-rich combustible gas 5. This combustible gas is then collected and leaves the installation.
- a small part of the combustible gas 5 which corresponds to a flow 6 is taken.
- This flow 6 is refrigerated in the exchanger El by yielding its heat to the first overhead fraction 3, to give a cooled flow 22.
- This cooled flow 22 circulates then in a valve 23 whose opening is controlled by a flow controller at the outlet of the exchanger E2.
- the stream 22 is finally mixed with the stream of expanded liquefied natural gas 2.
- FIG. 3 the installation shown is intended to treat, in known manner, a liquefied natural gas 1 rich in nitrogen, to obtain on the one hand, a cooled liquefied natural gas poor in nitrogen 4, and on the other hand, a first compressed fraction 5 which is a combustible gas, compressed rich in nitrogen.
- the separation flask VI has been replaced by a distillation column Cl and a heat exchanger E2.
- the LNG 1 is first expanded and cooled in an expansion turbine X3, the speed of which is regulated by an LNG flow controller circulating in the pipe 1, then is cooled in the heat exchanger E2., To provide a cooled flow. 20.
- the latter circulates in a valve 21, the opening of which is controlled by a pressure controller located on the pipe 20, upstream of said valve 21, to supply a flow of expanded liquefied natural gas 2.
- the flow of natural gas liquefied relaxed 2 is then separated into a first overhead fraction 3 relatively more volatile, and a first bottom fraction 4 relatively less volatile in the column Cl.
- the first bottom fraction 4 consists of refrigerated liquefied natural gas is collected and pumped into a pump PI circulates in a valve 19, the opening of which is regulated by a liquid level controller in the bottom of the tank VI, in order to then leave the installation and be stored.
- Column Cl includes a reboiler at the bottom of column 16 which uses liquid contained on a tray 17. The flow circulating in reboiler 16 is heated in the heat exchanger E2 to then be introduced into the bottom of column Cl.
- head fraction 3 follows. same treatment as presented in FIG. 2, for obtaining a first fraction of compressed gas 5, which is a compressed combustible gas rich in nitrogen, and of a second compressed fraction 6 which is a fraction of sampling of combustible gas compressed. Similarly, this last fraction is reheated in the exchanger El to give a cooled stream 22. This stream 22 is also mixed with the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 2.
- FIG. 4 the installation shown is intended to treat, using a device according to the method of the invention, a liquefied natural gas 1 rich in nitrogen, to obtain a on the one hand, a cooled liquefied natural gas poor in nitrogen 4, and on the other hand, a compressed combustible gas rich in nitrogen 5.
- This installation comprises elements common to FIG. 3, in particular the expansion and the cooling of the LNG 1 to obtain the expanded LNG flow 2.
- the separation " into the first head fraction 3 and the first foot fraction 4 is carried out in a similar manner in column Cl.
- the flow of combustible gas 5 is obtained, as before, by successive compressions and coolings Unlike the process presented in FIG.
- a second compressed fraction 6, taken from the first fraction of compressed gas 5 feeds an XKl compressor coupled to a turbine expansion valve XI to obtain a third compressed fraction 7. This is cooled in a water cooler 24, then is separated into a fourth compressed fraction 8 and into a fifth compressed fraction 9.
- the fourth compressed fraction 8 is cooled in the heat exchanger El to provide a fraction 25 which is expanded in the turbine XI.
- the turbine XI provides a relaxed flow 10 which is heated in the exchanger El to give a heated heated flow 26. This heated heated flow 26 is introduced at a medium pressure stage 11 of the compressor K1.
- the fifth compressed fraction 9 is cooled in the heat exchanger El to provide a fraction 22 which is expanded in a valve 23 and is then mixed with the expanded LNG fraction 2.
- the regulator XI comprises an inlet guide valve 27, making it possible, by varying the angle of introduction of the flow 25 onto the blades of the turbine XI, to vary the speed of rotation of the latter, and consequently to vary the power delivered to the compressor XKl.
- the installation shown is intended to treat, using a device according to the method of the invention, a liquefied natural gas 1 preferably rich in nitrogen, to obtain on the one hand, a cooled liquefied natural gas poor in nitrogen 4, and on the other hand, a "compressed combustible gas 5 rich in nitrogen, in the case where liquefied natural gas 1 contains it.
- This installation comprises elements common to FIG. 4, in particular the production, by a distillation column C1, of a first fraction of the head 3, and of a first fraction of the foot 4. Similarly, the first fraction of the head 3 is compressed in a compressor K1 and cooled in refrigerants 31-34 to obtain a first compressed fraction 5. A second sampling fraction 6 is withdrawn from the first compressed fraction 5 to be compressed in an XKl compressor coupled to a expansion turbine XI, which produces a third compressed fraction at the output 7. The latter is separated into a fourth compressed fraction 8 and into a fifth compressed fraction 9.
- the fourth compressed fraction 8 is cooled in one heat exchanger El to provide a fraction 25 which is expanded in the turbine XI.
- the turbine XI provides a relaxed flow 10 which is heated in the exchanger El to give a heated heated flow 26. This heated heated flow 26 is introduced at a medium pressure stage 11 of the compressor K1.
- the fifth compressed fraction 9 is cooled in the heat exchanger El to provide a fraction 22 which is expanded in a valve 23 and is then mixed with the expanded LNG fraction 2.
- the regulator XI includes a guide valve . input 27, the function of which has been defined in the description of FIG. 4.
- the installation shown in FIG. 5 further comprises a separator tank V2 in which the flow of expanded natural gas 2 is separated into a second fraction of the head 12 and a second fraction of the foot 13.
- the second overhead fraction 12 is reheated in the heat exchanger El and is then introduced into a medium pressure stage 14 " of the compressor Kl, at a pressure intermediate between the inlet pressure of the low pressure stage 15 and that of the medium pressure stage 11.
- the second fraction of the bottom 13 is cooled in an exchanger E2 to produce a fraction of cooled LNG 20.
- This latter fraction is expanded and cooled in a valve 28 to produce a fraction of expanded and cooled LNG 29.
- the opening of the valve 28 is controlled by a liquid level controller contained in the V2 tank.
- the flow 29 is then introduced into the column Cl to be separated therein into the first fraction of head 3 and into the first fraction of foot 4.
- column Cl comprises a reboiler 16, which takes the liquid contained on a plate 17 of the column C1 to heat it in the exchanger E2 by heat exchange with the flow 13, and introduce it at the bottom of the column.
- the first fraction of the bottom 4 is pumped by a pump PI and passes through a valve 19 whose opening is controlled by a liquid level controller present in the bottom of the column C1.
- FIG. 6 the installation shown is intended to treat, using a device according to the method of the invention, a liquefied natural gas 1 preferably poor in nitrogen, for obtaining on the one hand, a cooled liquefied natural gas and poor in nitrogen 4, and on the other hand, a compressed combustible gas 5 rich in. nitrogen, in the case of the use of LNG 1 rich in nitrogen.
- FIG. 6 is structurally similar to FIG. 4, with the exception of the column C1 which has been replaced by a separation flask VI, and the exchanger E2 which has been deleted, due to the no reboiler when using a separating flask.
- the relaxed LNG flow. 2 is then directly introduced into the separator flask VI to be separated into a first fraction of the head 3 and into a first fraction of the foot 4.
- FIG. 7 is structurally similar to FIG. 5, with the exception of the column Cl which has been replaced by a separating flask VI, and the exchanger E2 which has been deleted, due to the absence reboiler when using a separation flask.
- the expanded LNG flow 2 is then directly introduced into the separator tank V2 to be separated into a second overhead fraction 12 and into a second bottom fraction 13.
- the second overhead fraction 12 is reheated in an exchanger El then is introduced into a compressor Kl with a medium pressure stage 14, intermediate between a low pressure stage 15 and a medium pressure stage 11, in the same manner as described for FIG. 5.
- the replacement of the column Cl by the tank VI does not modify the course of the steps of the method as it has been described for FIG. 5.
- the refrigerated LNG 4 will normally contain more nitrogen in the case of the use of a device in accordance with FIG. 6 than in the case of the use of a device in accordance with FIG. 5.
- the LNG 1 u used in both cases is physically and chemically identical.
- H2 enthalpy in state 2 (kj / kg)
- the rejection temperature will be taken equal to 310.15 K (37 ° C).
- State 1 will be gas natural at 37 ° C and 51 bar and state 2 will be LNG at temperature T2 and 50 bar.
- Table 2 shows the evolution of the theoretical work for the liquefaction of natural gases A and B as a function of the temperature of the LNG leaving the liquefaction process.
- the capacity Cl for a temperature Tl of the LNG produced is expressed as a function of the capacity C0 at the temperature T0, according to the following equation:
- Tl LNG production temperature (° C)
- T2 Reference LNG production temperature (° C)
- the capacity of the LNG production unit is 125.5% of its capacity at -160 ° C, which is considerable.
- the propane cycle comprises 4 stages and the refrigeration of the MCR (refrigerant with multiple components, flow 106, fig.l) and propane (flow 102, fig .l) takes place in the heat exchanger E3, which is a brazed aluminum plate exchanger.
- the new use of the known liquefaction process makes it possible to increase the temperature of the LNG 1 obtained at the outlet of the production unit while allowing a substantial increase in the quantity produced, which can range up to around 40% at -130 ° C.
- the LNG 1 obtained at the output of the production unit described above for FIG. 1 can be denitrogenated in a denitrogenation unit as shown in FIG. 2 or in FIG. 3.
- This denitrogenation operation is necessary when the natural gas extracted of the deposit contains nitrogen in a relatively large proportion, for example from about more than 0.100 mol% to about 5 to 10 mol%.
- the installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 is a LNG denitrogenation unit with final flash.
- the flash is obtained at the time of the separation of the expanded LNG 2 into a first fraction of head 3 relatively more volatile, rich in nitrogen, and in a first fraction of foot 4 relatively less volatile, poor in nitrogen. This separation takes place in a VI flask, as described above.
- the LNG 1 of composition "B" containing nitrogen, produced at -150 ° C. and 48 bar is expanded in the hydraulic turbine X3 at a pressure of approximately 4 bar and then in a valve 18 to a pressure of 1.15 bar.
- the two-phase mixture obtained 2 is separated in the separator flask VI on the one hand into the nitrogen-rich flash gas 3, and on the other hand into the refrigerated LNG 4.
- the refrigerated LNG is sent to storage, as described above. .
- the flash gas 3, which constitutes the first gaseous fraction is heated in the exchanger El to -70 ° C before being compressed to 29 bar in the compressor Kl.
- the compressor K1 produces a first compressed fraction 5 which constitutes the combustible gas enriched in nitrogen.
- the installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3 is an LNG denitrogenation unit with a column of denitrogenation.
- the replacement of the flash in the tank VI by a column of denitrogenation Cl allows a significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of the nitrogen contained in the LNG 1.
- the LNG 1 at -145.5 ° C is expanded up to 5 bar in the expansion hydraulic turbine X3, pus is cooled from -146.2 ° C to -157 ° C in the exchanger E2 by heat exchange with the liquid circulating in the column bottom reboiler 16 to obtaining a relaxed and cooled LNG stream 20.
- the stream 20 undergoes a second expansion at 1.15 bar in a valve 21 and feeds the denitrogenation column C1 in mixture with LNG " 22 from the partial recycling of the gas compressed fuel 5.
- the LNG contains 0.06% nitrogen, while the nitrogen content of the LNG using a final flash was 1.38% (fig. 2 and table 5)
- This column bottom LNG is pumped by a PI pump and represents a fraction of cooled LNG 4 which is exp Dedicated to storage.
- the combustible gas 3, which is the first overhead fraction coming from the column Cl, is heated to -75 ° C. in the exchanger El, then is compressed to 29 bar in the compressor Kl and cooled by the water refrigerants 31- 34 to supply compressed fuel gas 5.
- flow 6 which represents 23% of the compressed gas 5 is recycled to the column Cl after having heated the flow 3 in the exchanger El.
- the fuel gas produced which represents 1032 GJ / h in the case of the use of a GE6 turbine and a GE7, is substantially identical in total calorific value to that of the final flash unit of FIG. 2 .
- the same is true when using larger LNG production units (2 or 3 GE7).
- the use of the column denitrogenation technique made it possible to increase the capacity of the liquefaction train by 5.62%, for a minor additional cost. It should be understood that it is the combination of the use of a denitrogenation column Cl and the recycling of combustible gas which leads to this very encouraging result.
- the power of the fuel gas compressor Kl depends on the size of the unit. It will be:
- Gas turbines to be efficient, must be used at full capacity. Taking for example a denitrogenation unit operating according to any of the embodiments described in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gas turbine driving the compressor K1 should have a maximum power adapted to the power required by the compressor, in order to '' obtain the most favorable compression performance possible. However, it can happen that a gas turbine works under conditions such that the power delivered to the compressor is significantly below its capacity.
- the method according to the invention proposes in particular to use all of the available power to drive the compressor K1.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to increase the temperature at the outlet of the liquefaction process for obtaining the LNG flow 1, and to use the excess power available on the gas turbine driving Kl in order to cool the LNG at minus 160 ° C.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible, because of the possibility of increasing the temperature of the LNG 1 produced for example according to the APCI process, to significantly increase the flow rate of LNG cooled to -160 ° C. in some cases up to around 40%.
- the method of the invention has the merit of being able to be implemented easily, due to the simplicity of the means necessary for carrying it out.
- FIG. 4 An embodiment according to the method of 'the invention, implementing a denitrogenation column Cl is shown in Figure 4, described above.
- LNG 1 is produced at -140.5 ° C by the APCI process shown in Figure 1. This process was implemented using two GE7 gas turbines for driving compressors K2 and K3. This LNG 1 enters the installation shown in Figure 4. It is expanded to 6.1 bar in the hydraulic expansion turbine X3 driving an electricity generator, then it is cooled from -141.2 to -157 ° C in a heat exchanger E2 by heat exchange with a liquid circulating in a column bottom reboiler 16, to provide a cooled LNG 21. The latter is expanded to 1.15 bar in a valve 21 to obtain a relaxed flow 2 which feeds a column C1 mixed with a flow 22, as indicated above in the description of the figures.
- the fuel gas is warmed to -34 ° C in the exchanger El, is then compressed to 29 bar in the compressor Kl for supplying a fuel gas network.
- a first " difference with the known process comes from the quantity of compressed gas 6 withdrawn from the fuel gas flow 5: it now amounts to approximately 73%.
- This compressed gas 6 is compressed to 38.2 bar in the compressor XKl for supply a fraction 7.
- the latter is cooled to 37 ° C in a water exchanger 24 then is separated into two streams 8 and 9.
- the main stream 8, which represents 70% of the stream 7, is cooled to -82 ° C by passage through the exchanger El, then feeds the turbine XI, coupled to the compressor XKl.
- the expanded flow at the outlet of the turbine 10, at a pressure of 9 bar and a temperature of -138 ° C is reheated in the exchanger El at 32 ° C, then supplies the compressor Kl to a medium-pressure stage 11 which is the third stage.
- the minority stream 9, which represents 30% of the stream 7, is liquefied and cooled to -160 ° C. and returns to the denitrogenation column C1.
- the combustible gas produced represents 1400 GJ / h, it is identical in total calorific value to that of the final flash unit.
- the use of the denitrogenation technique and the process of the invention made it possible to increase the capacity of the liquefaction train by 11.74%, for a reasonable additional cost. It must be understood that it is the combination of the use of a denitrogenation column, the recycling of compressed combustible gas and the expansion turbine cycle, which leads to this very surprising result.
- FIG. 5 Another embodiment in accordance with the method of the invention, implementing a denitrogenation column C1, is presented in FIG. 5, described above. To the Unlike FIG. 4, this embodiment involves a separator balloon V2.
- LNG 1 of composition "B” obtained at -140.5 ° C under a pressure of 48.0 bar with a flow rate of 33,294 kmol / h, is expanded to 6.1 bar and less 141.25 ° C in the hydraulic turbine X3, then is again expanded to 5.1 bar and -143.39 ° C in valve 18, to provide the expanded flow 2.
- Flow 35 is composed of 42.97% nitrogen, 57.02
- Stream 36 which is composed of 6.79% nitrogen, 85.83% methane, 4.97% ethane, 1.71% propane, 0.27% isobutane and 0.44 % of n-butane, is separated in the balloon V2 in the second fraction of head 12 (1609 kmol / h), and in the second fraction of foot 13 (34285 kmol / h).
- Flow 12 (45.58% nitrogen, 54.4% methane and
- valve 28 is expanded in valve 28 to obtain flow 29 at -165.21 ° C and 1.15 bar, which is introduced into column Cl.
- Column C1 is equipped with the column bottom reboiler 16, which cools the flow 13 to obtain the flow 20.
- the compressor Kl produces the compressed flow 5 at 37 ° C and 29 bar with a flow rate of 11,341 kmol / h.
- This flow of combustible gas 5 (42.90% nitrogen and 57.09% methane) is separated into a flow 40, which represents 3041 kmol / h, which leaves the installation, and into a flow 6, which represents 8300 kmol / h, which is compressed in the XKl compressor.
- the XKl compressor produces the compressed flow 7 at 68.18 ° C and 39.7 bar.
- Flow 7 is cooled to 37 ° C in one water exchanger 24, then is separated into flows 8 and 9.
- Flow 8 (5700 kmol / h) is cooled in exchanger El to give flow 25 to - 74 ° C and 38.9 bar.
- the flow 25 is expanded in the expansion turbine XI which produces the fraction 10 at a temperature of -139.7 ° C and a pressure of 8.0 bar.
- This fraction 10 is then reheated in the exchanger El which produces the fraction 26 at a temperature of 32 ° C and a pressure of 7.8 bar.
- Fraction 26 supplies the compressor Kl on the medium-pressure stage 11.
- the compressor Kl and the regulator XI have the following performances: Denitrogenation unit compressor power Kl 22007 kW regulator power XI 2700 kW
- V2 tank allows a gain of around 2000 kW on the power of the compressor Kl. From these studies on gas B, rich in nitrogen, it follows from the process according to the invention that:
- LNG can then be produced directly at -160 ° C and be sent to storage after expansion in a hydraulic turbine, for example similar to X3: This is the technique of advanced sub-cooling.
- the sources of combustible gas can be of various origins:
- the method according to the invention achieves this goal. It makes it possible to increase the temperature of the LNG at the outlet of the liquefaction process and consequently to increase the flow rate of cooled LNG 4, produced for storage purposes.
- LNG 1 at a temperature of -147 ° C is expanded to 2.7 bar in the hydraulic turbine X3 driving an electric generator, then undergoes a second expansion to 1.15 bar in the valve 18, and supplies the flash VI balloon mixed with LNG from the liquefaction of compressed fuel gas 5.
- LNG is at -159, 2 ° C and 1.15 bar. It then leaves the installation to be stored.
- the combustible gas 3, which is the first overhead fraction, is heated to 32 ° C in the exchanger El before being compressed to 29 bar in the compressor K1, to optionally supply the fuel gas network. In the present case, all of the combustible gas is sent to the compressor XKl to supply the compressed flow 7 at 41.5 bar.
- This stream is then cooled to 37 ° C in the water exchanger 24, then is divided into two streams 8 and 9.
- the stream 8, which represents 79% of the stream 7, is cooled to -60 ° C before d '' supply the turbine XI coupled to the compressor XKl.
- the turbine XI supplies the expanded gas 10, at a pressure of 9 bar and a temperature of -127 ° C.
- This flow 10 is heated in the exchanger El to obtain a heated flow 26, at 32 ° C, then supplies the compressor K1 on the suction of its third stage.
- Stream 9 which represents 21% of stream 7, is liquefied and cooled to -141 ° C in the exchanger El and returns to the flash tank VI.
- Table 10 The capacity increases for the use of an installation in accordance with the process of the invention, compared to the technique of deep sub-cooling are as follows: - 19.6% for an LNG unit using 1 GE6 turbine associated with a GE7 turbine,
- the embodiment of the method according to the invention according to Figure 6 also allows the production of combustible gas, when desired.
- FIG. 7 Another embodiment in accordance with the method of the invention, using a denitrogenation column C1, is presented in FIG. 7, described above. To the Unlike FIG. 6, this embodiment involves a separator balloon V2.
- LNG 1 of composition "A” obtained at -147 ° C under a pressure of 48.0 bar with a flow rate of 30,885 kmol / h, is expanded to 2.7 bar and less 147.63 ° C in the hydraulic turbine X3, then is again expanded to 2.5 bar and less 148.33 ° C in valve 18, to provide the expanded flow 2.
- Flow 35 is composed of 3.17% nitrogen, 96.82% methane and 0.0 "!% Ethane.
- Stream 36 which is composed of 0.38% nitrogen, 91.90% methane, 4.09% ethane, 2.27% propane, 0.54% isobutane and 0.82 % of n-butane, is separated in the balloon V2 in the second • head fraction 12 (562 kmol / h), and in the second foot fraction 13 (33450 kmol / h).
- the stream 12 (5.41% nitrogen, 94.57% methane and 0.02% ethane) is heated to 34 ° C in the exchanger El, to provide a stream 37 which feeds, at 2.4 bar, compressor Kl on the medium pressure stage 14.
- Flow 13 (0.03% nitrogen, 91.85% methane, 4.16% ethane, 2.31% propane 0.55% isobutane and 0.83% n-butane) is expanded in valve 28 to obtain flow 29 at -159.17 ° C and 1.15 bar, which is introduced into the separator flask VI.
- Balloon VI produces at the head the first fraction of head 3 (2564 kmol / h) at -159.17 ° C.
- Fraction 3 (2.72% nitrogen, 97.27% methane and 0.01% ethane) is heated in the El exchanger to give flow 41 at minus 32.21 ° C and 1.05 bar.
- the stream 41 supplies the low pressure suction 15 of the compressor K1.
- Balloon VI produces the first fraction of a foot 4 at -59.17 ° C and 1.15 bar with a flow rate of 30,886 kmol / h.
- This fraction 4 (0.10% nitrogen, 91.40% methane, 4.50% ethane, 2.50% propane, 0.60% isobutane and 0.90% n- butane) is pumped by the PI pump to provide a fraction 39 at 4.15 bar and -159.02 ° C, then leaves the installation.
- the compressor Kl produces the compressed flow 5 at 37 ° C. and 29 bar with a flow rate of 13,426 kmol / h.
- This fuel gas flow 5 (3.18% nitrogen, 96.81% methane and 0.01
- the XKl compressor produces the compressed flow 7 to
- the flow 25 is expanded in the expansion turbine XI which produces the fraction 10 at a temperature of -129.65 ° C and a pressure of 8.0 bar.
- This fraction 10 is then reheated in the exchanger El which produces the fraction 26 at a temperature of 34 ° C and a pressure of 7.8 bar.
- Fraction 26 supplies the compressor Kl on the suction of the medium-pressure stage 11.
- the compressor Kl and the regulator XI have the following performances:
- the production of combustible gas allows an increase in the LNG production capacity. This gain is not negligible and can prove to be a decisive factor, the addition of the separator tank V2 improves the load of the compressor Kl and reduces the cost of its use.
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FR0016495A FR2818365B1 (fr) | 2000-12-18 | 2000-12-18 | Procede de refrigeration d'un gaz liquefie, gaz obtenus par ce procede, et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ci |
FR0016495 | 2000-12-18 | ||
PCT/FR2001/003983 WO2002050483A1 (fr) | 2000-12-18 | 2001-12-13 | Procede de refrigeration de gaz liquefie et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ci |
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US (1) | US6898949B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1352203B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3993102B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100825827B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1266445C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE528602T1 (fr) |
AU (2) | AU1930102A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0116288B1 (fr) |
CY (1) | CY1112363T1 (fr) |
DZ (1) | DZ3483A1 (fr) |
EG (1) | EG23286A (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2373218T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2818365B1 (fr) |
GC (1) | GC0000378A (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA03005213A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO335843B1 (fr) |
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EP2957620A1 (fr) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé et système pour produire un mélange pressurisé et au moins partiellement condensé d'hydrocarbures |
CN104101177A (zh) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-10-15 | 银川天佳能源科技股份有限公司 | 用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱 |
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FR3038964B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-08-18 | Technip France | Procede de detente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquefie issu d'une installation de liquefaction de gaz naturel, et installation associee |
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-
2000
- 2000-12-18 FR FR0016495A patent/FR2818365B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-12-13 KR KR1020037007947A patent/KR100825827B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-13 AU AU1930102A patent/AU1930102A/xx active Pending
- 2001-12-13 JP JP2002551337A patent/JP3993102B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 AU AU2002219301A patent/AU2002219301B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-12-13 DZ DZ013483A patent/DZ3483A1/fr active
- 2001-12-13 EG EG20011346A patent/EG23286A/xx active
- 2001-12-13 PT PT01271522T patent/PT1352203E/pt unknown
- 2001-12-13 ES ES01271522T patent/ES2373218T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 MX MXPA03005213A patent/MXPA03005213A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-13 WO PCT/FR2001/003983 patent/WO2002050483A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2001-12-13 CN CNB018207480A patent/CN1266445C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 US US10/451,712 patent/US6898949B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 BR BRPI0116288-8A patent/BR0116288B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-13 RU RU2003122063/06A patent/RU2270408C2/ru active
- 2001-12-13 EP EP01271522A patent/EP1352203B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 AT AT01271522T patent/ATE528602T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-22 GC GCP20011775 patent/GC0000378A/en active
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2003
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US9441877B2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2016-09-13 | Chart Inc. | Integrated pre-cooled mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10480851B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-11-19 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11408673B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11428463B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-30 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US10663221B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2020-05-26 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US11408676B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2022-08-09 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
US12104849B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2024-10-01 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0116288B1 (pt) | 2010-03-09 |
BR0116288A (pt) | 2004-03-09 |
DZ3483A1 (fr) | 2002-06-27 |
KR20030081349A (ko) | 2003-10-17 |
JP2004527716A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
WO2002050483A1 (fr) | 2002-06-27 |
CY1112363T1 (el) | 2015-12-09 |
CN1481495A (zh) | 2004-03-10 |
US20040065113A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
GC0000378A (en) | 2007-03-31 |
RU2003122063A (ru) | 2005-01-10 |
NO20032543D0 (no) | 2003-06-05 |
NO20032543L (no) | 2003-08-07 |
RU2270408C2 (ru) | 2006-02-20 |
ATE528602T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
PT1352203E (pt) | 2011-10-20 |
CN1266445C (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
NO335843B1 (no) | 2015-03-02 |
JP3993102B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
AU2002219301B2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
EP1352203B1 (fr) | 2011-10-12 |
FR2818365A1 (fr) | 2002-06-21 |
MXPA03005213A (es) | 2005-06-20 |
ES2373218T3 (es) | 2012-02-01 |
US6898949B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 |
FR2818365B1 (fr) | 2003-02-07 |
AU1930102A (en) | 2002-07-01 |
EG23286A (en) | 2004-10-31 |
KR100825827B1 (ko) | 2008-04-28 |
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