CN104101177A - 用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱 - Google Patents

用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱 Download PDF

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CN104101177A
CN104101177A CN201410372717.9A CN201410372717A CN104101177A CN 104101177 A CN104101177 A CN 104101177A CN 201410372717 A CN201410372717 A CN 201410372717A CN 104101177 A CN104101177 A CN 104101177A
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cooler
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natural gas
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龚晓科
穆云飞
李虎生
赵小红
沈石华
沈建成
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YINCHUAN TIANJIA ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱。其特点是：包括低压增压机，该低压增压机的进口与氮气入口连通而其出口通过第一冷却器与高压增压机的进口连通，该高压增压机的出口依次通过第二冷却器、主冷器与高压膨胀机的进口连通，而该高压膨胀机的出口与低压膨胀机的进口连通，该低压膨胀机的出口依次通过第一冷却器、主冷器与氮气出口连通；还包括原料气入口，该原料气入口依次通过分离器、过冷器与LNG储罐连通，该分离器还通过主冷器与原料气出口连通。本发明提供了一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，其优点是：结构简单、产品纯度高、工艺简单、操作方便、能耗低、系统稳定、体积小，特别适合在天然气液化领域中使用。

Description

用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱。
背景技术
迄今为止，在天然气液化领域中成熟的液化工艺主要有以下三种：阶式制冷循环工艺、混合制冷循环工艺和膨胀机制冷循环工艺。
1)阶式制冷循环工艺：阶式制冷循环是用丙烷(或丙烯)、乙烷(或乙烯)、甲烷<或氮气)。等制冷剂(蒸发温瘦分别为-38℃、-85℃、-160℃)进行的三级冷冻；使天然气在多个温度等级的制冷剂中与相应的制冷剂换热，从而使其冷却和液化。经典的阶式制冷循环的优点是采用3种制冷剂、9个制冷温度梯度(丙烷、乙烷、甲烷各3冷温度等级)，使各级制冷温度与原料气的冷却曲线接近，减少了熵值，比能量消耗接近子理论的热力学效率的上限。而且该工艺操作灵活，开停车快捷。易于初期试车投产。但是阶式制冷也存在一些缺点，需要三个大型循环压缩机，以及相当数量的冷换设备；流程长、设备多、控制复杂等。
2)混合制冷循环工艺：混合制冷剂制冷循环是采用N2和C1--C5烃类混合物作为循环制冷剂的工艺。该工艺的特点是在制冷循环中采用混合制冷剂，不需要专台压缩机，简化了流程，降低了造价。但是从理论讲，混合冷剂的组成比例应按照天然气原料的组份、压力、工艺流程而异。此对冷剂的配比和原料气的气质要求更为严格，-旦确定是不容易改变的。即使能做到这点，要使整个液化过程(从常温到-162℃)所需的冷量与冷剂所提供的冷量完全匹配是比较困难的，充其量只能局部或部分微到贴近冷却曲线。因此混合制冷剂循环流程的效率要比九个温度梯度水平的阶式循环流程低。既然调节混合冷剂的组成比例使整个液化过程按冷却曲线提供所需的冷量是困难的，那么合乎逻辑的推论是采用折中的办法，分段来实现供给所需的冷量，以期液化过程的熵增降至最小。因而，在混合冷剂循环的基础上，发展成有丙烷预冷的MRC工艺，简称C3/MRC工艺，它的效率接近阶式循环。此法的原理是分两段供给冷量：高温段用丙烷压缩制冷，按3个温度水平预冷原料天然气到≈-40℃；低温段的换热采用两种方式——高压的混合冷剂与较高温度的原料气换热，低压的混合冷剂与较低温度的原料气换热。充分体现了热力学上的特性，从而使效率得以最大限度的提高。
3)膨胀制冷循环工艺：膨胀机制冷循环是指利用高压制冷剂通过透平膨胀机绝热膨胀的克劳德循环制冷来实现天然气的液化。气体在膨胀机中膨胀降温的同时，能输出功，可用于驱动流程中的压缩机。根据制冷剂的不同，膨胀机制冷循环可分为：氮膨胀机制冷循环、氮——甲烷膨胀机制冷循环。天然气膨胀制冷循环，与阶式制冷循环和混合冷剂制冷循环工艺相比，氮气膨胀循环流程非常简单、紧凑，造价略低。起动快，热态起动2～4小时即可获得满负荷产品，运行灵活，适应性强，易于操作和控制，安全性好，放空不会引起火灾或爆炸危险。制冷剂采用单组分气体，因而消除了像混合冷剂制冷循环工艺那样的分离和存储制冷剂的麻烦，也避免了由此带来的安全问题，使液化冷箱的更简化和紧凑。为了降低膨胀机制冷循环的功耗，采用N2-CH4,双组分混合气体代替纯N2，发展了N2-CH4膨胀机制冷循环。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单、操作方便、体积小的用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱。
一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，其特别之处在于：包括低压增压机，该低压增压机的进口与氮气入口连通而其出口通过第一冷却器与高压增压机的进口连通，该高压增压机的出口依次通过第二冷却器、主冷器与高压膨胀机的进口连通，而该高压膨胀机的出口与低压膨胀机的进口连通，该低压膨胀机的出口依次通过第一冷却器、主冷器与氮气出口连通；还包括原料气入口，该原料气入口依次通过分离器、过冷器与LNG储罐连通，该分离器还通过主冷器与原料气出口连通。
其中在过冷器与LNG储罐之间安装有节流阀。
本发明提供了一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，其优点是：结构简单、产品纯度高、工艺简单、操作方便、能耗低、系统稳定、体积小，特别适合在天然气液化领域中使用。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，包括低压增压机，该低压增压机的进口与氮气入口连通而其出口通过第一冷却器(即图1中冷却器1)与高压增压机的进口连通，该高压增压机的出口依次通过第二冷却器(即图1中冷却器2)、主冷器与高压膨胀机的进口连通，而该高压膨胀机的出口与低压膨胀机的进口连通，该低压膨胀机的出口依次通过第一冷却器、主冷器与氮气出口连通；还包括原料气入口，该原料气入口依次通过分离器、过冷器与LNG储罐连通，该分离器还通过主冷器与原料气出口连通。其中在过冷器与LNG储罐之间安装有节流阀。
本发明的使用方法和工作原理是：
a.来自氮压机的制冷剂(氮气)进入冷箱中的低压增压机进行增压，增压后的制冷剂(氮气)经第一冷却器冷却后进入高压增压机进行再次增压，增压后的制冷剂经第二冷却器再次冷却后进入主冷器并作为主冷器的冷源，从主冷器出来的制冷剂进入高压膨胀机用于驱动高压增压机，从高压膨胀机出来的制冷剂进入低压膨胀机用于驱动低压增压机，从低压膨胀机出来的制冷剂经第一冷却器再次冷却后，通过主冷器并作为主冷器的冷源与原料天然气进行热交换后排出。
b.原料天然气从原料气进口进入主冷器，经主冷器冷却后，进入分离罐进行气液分离，气相部分通过分离罐出口进入主冷器再冷却，气化的气体通过原料气出口排出，液化的原料气在进入分离罐后通过在过冷器中进行过冷，节流降压后进入LNG贮罐。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，其特征在于：包括低压增压机，该低压增压机的进口与氮气入口连通而其出口通过第一冷却器与高压增压机的进口连通，该高压增压机的出口依次通过第二冷却器、主冷器与高压膨胀机的进口连通，而该高压膨胀机的出口与低压膨胀机的进口连通，该低压膨胀机的出口依次通过第一冷却器、主冷器与氮气出口连通；还包括原料气入口，该原料气入口依次通过分离器、过冷器与LNG储罐连通，该分离器还通过主冷器与原料气出口连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于天然气液化的卧式冷箱，其特征在于：其中在过冷器与LNG储罐之间安装有节流阀。
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