EP1349127A1 - Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation - Google Patents

Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1349127A1
EP1349127A1 EP02007106A EP02007106A EP1349127A1 EP 1349127 A1 EP1349127 A1 EP 1349127A1 EP 02007106 A EP02007106 A EP 02007106A EP 02007106 A EP02007106 A EP 02007106A EP 1349127 A1 EP1349127 A1 EP 1349127A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
smoke detector
detector according
light source
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02007106A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Dr. Müller
Peter Kunz
Markus Dr. Loepfe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Building Technologies AG filed Critical Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority to EP02007106A priority Critical patent/EP1349127A1/fr
Priority to AU2003200391A priority patent/AU2003200391A1/en
Priority to NO20030680A priority patent/NO20030680L/no
Priority to KR10-2003-0018053A priority patent/KR20030078664A/ko
Priority to PL03359358A priority patent/PL359358A1/xx
Priority to HU0300792A priority patent/HUP0300792A3/hu
Priority to CZ2003886A priority patent/CZ2003886A3/cs
Priority to CN03107977A priority patent/CN1448896A/zh
Publication of EP1349127A1 publication Critical patent/EP1349127A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector based on the extinction principle, with an optical bridge, which has a light source and a measuring and a reference path, each with a receiver, and with an evaluation circuit.
  • a light beam is transmitted through the measuring section accessible to the ambient air and thus possibly smoke and through the reference section not accessible to the smoke, and the two received signals are compared with one another.
  • the absorbance measurement method Since both the light scattering on the smoke particles and the absorption by them contribute to the extinction and the light is largely scattered by light particles and largely absorbed by dark particles, the absorbance measurement method has a relatively uniform sensitivity to different smoke particles and is therefore suitable for Detection of smoldering fires (light particles) and open fires (dark particles) equally well suited.
  • the extinction measurement method for point detectors i.e. smoke detectors that are completely housed in a single housing, the extinction of the aerosols in the air can only be determined over a very short measuring distance, which increases the requirements for the sensitivity of the transmission measurement accordingly.
  • EP-A-1 017 034 describes a point extinction detector which uses a simple optical bridge which, in addition to the light source and the two receivers, has, as the only optical elements, two perforated screens arranged in front of the light source.
  • This absorbance detector has the advantage over other known absorbance detectors (EP-A-0 740 146, EP-A-0 578 189) with parabolic mirrors and lenses that the omission of the mirrors and lenses leads to a significant reduction in the temperature dependency of the optical bridge and thus to leads to an improvement in the stability of the extinction detector.
  • this stability is very important, because with a measuring section of, for example, 10 cm length, the alarm threshold of 4% per meter with a transmission of 99.6% of the reference transmission. And if transmission values below the alarm threshold are to be triggered, then values of, for example, 99.96% transmission must be recognizable, which places extremely high demands on the stability of the electronics, the optoelectronics and the mechanics of these detectors.
  • the invention is now to provide a point extinction detector, which one Detection and compensation of condensation and temperature drift of the receiver enables ..
  • this object is achieved in that a second light source is provided and that from each light source there is an open measuring path to the one and a reference path shielded from the outside leads to the other receiver, whereby each receiver for one light source as a measurement and for the other as a reference receiver and vice versa.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention thus uses a double optical bridge with two Light sources and two receivers.
  • a point extinction detector with two light sources and two Receivers are known in principle from EP-A-0 578 189. With this detector, however, is only a measuring section is provided and therefore it is not possible to compensate for condensation.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized that regulation of the emission of the two light sources to a stable Photo current takes place in the respective reference receiver, and that the evaluation circuit means for has the evaluation of the difference between the signals of the two receivers.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the two light sources can be activated sequentially and with the assigned Receivers each form a channel, and that a difference signal for the one channel Measuring distance minus reference distance and a difference signal reference distance for the other channel minus measuring section is formed.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized that the two mentioned difference signals examined for any changes and that an opposite change in the difference signals as the occurrence of Smoke is interpreted.
  • a change in the same direction of the differential signals mentioned is called Indication of a caused by a change in the ambient temperature or by condensation interpreted unequal change in the sensitivity of the receiver.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized that said uneven change in sensitivity of the receiver is compensated for by regulating the emission of the light sources, and that a specific one If the regulation exceeds the limits, it triggers a fault message.
  • the output voltages are in the equilibrium state of the double bridge without smoke or dew of the two receivers and thus the difference signal of the two channels in equilibrium his.
  • the photo stream is in the reference receiver one light source should be stable when the other light source is activated, the photocurrent in the reference receiver the other light source. If smoke now enters the measuring sections, take the photocurrents in the measuring receiver and the difference signal is switched off and in one channel increase in the other. If, on the other hand, the receivers are thawed or as a result of a Changing the ambient temperature changes their sensitivity, the two change Differential signals in the same direction.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the light sources and the receivers of a common, in one housing usable, component are worn.
  • the common component preferably has the Form of an elongated prism, on one end face the light sources and on the on the other end, the receivers are mounted, each along one of the two diagonals of the end faces.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the prismatic component in its center forms a measuring space Has breakthrough, which is penetrated by the two measurement sections, and that the two reference paths in areas of the prismatic component.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the smoke detector according to the invention in Bathrooms and / or rooms connected to them or in the hold of aircraft.
  • the smoke detector shown schematically in FIG. 1 is a so-called point extinction or transmitted light detector, which consists of a base, a detector insert with a measuring module and evaluation electronics and a hood.
  • the illustration in FIG. 1 relates to the measuring module and the evaluation electronics, base and hood are not shown.
  • the detector insert is provided in a known manner for fastening in the base which is preferably mounted on the ceiling of a room to be monitored.
  • the detector hood covering the detector insert and possibly also the base is put over the detector insert and locked to the base.
  • the measuring module designated by the reference number 1 contains a double optical bridge with two light sources L 1 and L 2 formed by light-emitting diodes (LED) or infrared LEDs (IRED) and two receivers E 1 and E 2 formed by photodiodes. From each light source L 1 , L 2 , a measuring path which is open to the environment and thus accessible to aerosols and a reference path M 1 , R 1 or M 2 , R 2 shielded from the environment lead to the two receivers, each receiver E 1 , E 2 forms the measurement receiver for one light source and the reference receiver for the other light source. According to the illustration, the receiver E 1 for the light source L 1 is the reference receiver and for the light source L 2 the measurement receiver and the receiver E 2 for the light source L 2 is the reference receiver and for the light source L 1 the measurement receiver.
  • the receiver E 1 for the light source L 1 is the reference receiver and for the light source L 2 the measurement receiver
  • the receiver E 2 for the light source L 2 is the reference receiver and for the light source L
  • the two light sources L 1 and L 2 are controlled sequentially in a rhythm of approximately 1 second and each emit a pulse sequence of 8 individual pulses of 50 ⁇ sec duration with the same gaps in between in the activated mode.
  • the output signal of the circuit part 2, designated by the reference symbol S m is a voltage proportional to the difference in the photo currents i n . In the equilibrium state without smoke in the measuring sections, without condensation and temperature change, the output signals S m are in equilibrium.
  • the emission of L 1 is regulated in such a way that the photocurrent of its reference beam on the photodiode E 1 , ie i 1 (L 1 ), is a very stable 5 ⁇ A.
  • FIG. 2 shows the detector insert designated by the reference numeral 5 partly in section, the section plane marked by hatching running twice diagonally through the detector insert and containing the two light sources L 1 and L 2 and the photodiode E 2 .
  • the detector insert 5 has the shape of a prism of, for example, a square cross section and with curved (concave) end faces 6 and 7. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 4, the prism has a recess 8 in the middle that extends from one side wall to the other, which forms the actual measuring room and is traversed by the measuring sections M 1 and M 2 .
  • the two light sources L 1 and L 2 are arranged on the left end face 6 in the figures, and the photodiodes E 1 and E 2 are arranged on the right end face 7, diagonally in each case on the relevant end face and relative to one another crosswise.
  • the detector insert 5, which consists of a material with good thermal conductivity, for example aluminum, is made in one piece with the exception of the two plates 10 and is therefore robust and easy to handle.
  • the dimensions of the detector insert 5 are selected so that it can be installed in the housing of an optical smoke detector of the AlgoRex type. This means that the length of the detector insert is in any case less than 10 cm.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention can be caused without a risk of drifting of the photodiodes False alarms are used in places where there are harsh environmental conditions Dew formation or strong temperature fluctuations can occur. Examples of such places are bathrooms and anterooms / entrances connected to them, especially in hotel rooms, and in particular the cargo holds of aircraft in which it is approaching there is a sharp rise in temperature and the associated dew formation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP02007106A 2002-03-28 2002-03-28 Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation Withdrawn EP1349127A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02007106A EP1349127A1 (fr) 2002-03-28 2002-03-28 Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation
AU2003200391A AU2003200391A1 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-02-06 Optical smoke alarm based on the extinction principle and use of the said alarm
NO20030680A NO20030680L (no) 2002-03-28 2003-02-11 Optisk röykvarsler basert på utslukningsprinsippet og anvendelse av nevntealarm
KR10-2003-0018053A KR20030078664A (ko) 2002-03-28 2003-03-24 소광 원리에 바탕한 광학적 연기경보장치 및 이연기경보장치의 이용방법
PL03359358A PL359358A1 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-03-26 Absorbance optical smoke sensor and its application
HU0300792A HUP0300792A3 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-03-26 Optical smoke indicator and its application based on principle extinction
CZ2003886A CZ2003886A3 (cs) 2002-03-28 2003-03-27 Optický hlásič požáru na principu extinkce a jeho použití
CN03107977A CN1448896A (zh) 2002-03-28 2003-03-28 按照消光原理的光学烟感报警器及其应用

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02007106A EP1349127A1 (fr) 2002-03-28 2002-03-28 Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1349127A1 true EP1349127A1 (fr) 2003-10-01

Family

ID=8185444

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02007106A Withdrawn EP1349127A1 (fr) 2002-03-28 2002-03-28 Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1349127A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20030078664A (fr)
CN (1) CN1448896A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003200391A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ2003886A3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0300792A3 (fr)
NO (1) NO20030680L (fr)
PL (1) PL359358A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1783713A1 (fr) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-09 Siemens Schweiz AG Prévention contre la manipulation abusive d'un détecteur de feu
EP2093732A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé de détection de fumée à l'aide de l'évaluation collective de deux signaux à rétrodiffusion optiques
DE102014009642A1 (de) * 2014-06-26 2016-01-14 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erfassung einer physikalischen Größe zur Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gasen, Nebel und Rauch, insbesondere einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Partikelkonzentration

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103674843B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2016-02-10 上海贝岭股份有限公司 光电烟雾探测器及其使用方法
FR3063811B1 (fr) * 2017-03-10 2021-08-27 Elichens Capteur optique de gaz

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2267963A (en) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-22 David Appleby Obscuration sensor
EP0578189A1 (fr) * 1992-07-08 1994-01-12 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée optique
EP0631265A1 (fr) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 HEKATRON GmbH Dispositif détecteur optique pour la surveillance d'environnement et l'indication d'un milieu perturbateur
EP1017034A2 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-07-05 Siemens Building Technologies AG Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2267963A (en) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-22 David Appleby Obscuration sensor
EP0578189A1 (fr) * 1992-07-08 1994-01-12 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée optique
EP0631265A1 (fr) * 1993-06-23 1994-12-28 HEKATRON GmbH Dispositif détecteur optique pour la surveillance d'environnement et l'indication d'un milieu perturbateur
EP1017034A2 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-07-05 Siemens Building Technologies AG Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1783713A1 (fr) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-09 Siemens Schweiz AG Prévention contre la manipulation abusive d'un détecteur de feu
WO2007051819A1 (fr) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Systeme de securite de manipulation d'un detecteur d'incendie
EP2093732A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé de détection de fumée à l'aide de l'évaluation collective de deux signaux à rétrodiffusion optiques
DE102014009642A1 (de) * 2014-06-26 2016-01-14 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erfassung einer physikalischen Größe zur Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gasen, Nebel und Rauch, insbesondere einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Partikelkonzentration
DE102014009642B4 (de) 2014-06-26 2019-08-22 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erfassung physikalischer Größen zur Detektion und Charakterisierung von Gasen, Nebel und Rauch, insbesondere einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Partikelkonzentration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU0300792D0 (en) 2003-05-28
CN1448896A (zh) 2003-10-15
KR20030078664A (ko) 2003-10-08
PL359358A1 (en) 2003-10-06
AU2003200391A1 (en) 2003-10-23
NO20030680D0 (no) 2003-02-11
NO20030680L (no) 2003-09-29
CZ2003886A3 (cs) 2003-11-12
HUP0300792A2 (hu) 2003-12-29
HUP0300792A3 (en) 2004-05-28

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