EP1062647A1 - Avertisseur d'incendie - Google Patents

Avertisseur d'incendie

Info

Publication number
EP1062647A1
EP1062647A1 EP98952572A EP98952572A EP1062647A1 EP 1062647 A1 EP1062647 A1 EP 1062647A1 EP 98952572 A EP98952572 A EP 98952572A EP 98952572 A EP98952572 A EP 98952572A EP 1062647 A1 EP1062647 A1 EP 1062647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
optical transmitter
fire detector
receiver
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98952572A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1062647B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Pfefferseder
Andreas Hensel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1062647A1 publication Critical patent/EP1062647A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1062647B1 publication Critical patent/EP1062647B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire detector with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoke detectors are generally used for early fire detection. Optical smoke detectors are among the most frequently used detectors in the field of fire detection. They can be designed as transmitted light or as scattered light detectors. Smoke detectors based on the scattered radiation principle detect smoke particles by measuring radiation scattered on these smoke particles. The response or sensitivity of all optical smoke detectors depends heavily on the type of fire. The quantity, the nature and the composition of the smoke generated by the fire play a major role in the sensitivity of the smoke detectors. Fires with low smoke development are more difficult to detect than fires that produce a lot of smoke. Scattered-light smoke detectors are also dependent on the reflection of the light the smoke particles arises. To achieve a more even response from fire detectors, optical smoke detectors can be combined with detectors based on other principles. For example, ionization smoke detectors or temperature detectors are known. These different types of fire detectors can be installed at different locations in a room or integrated in a single detector.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fire detector which can reliably detect various types of fire, with and without smoke development.
  • the fire detector according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 has the advantage that a more reliable fire detection is possible by combining two different sensor methods than is the case with conventional smoke or fire detectors.
  • a scattered light receiver known per se for detecting smoke can be combined with at least one further optical receiver. niert, which responds by upstream of a gas-sensitive layer to specific 'components in the air, which typically arise during combustion.
  • the fire detector can be very compact and space-saving.
  • the signal processing of a downstream evaluation unit is also simplified. Furthermore, it is usually sufficient to provide only one such fire detector per room, if it does not exceed a certain size, instead of several working on different measuring principles, which considerably simplifies installation and wiring.
  • the optical receivers located in the direct radiation range of the optical transmitter can also function as transmitted light smoke detectors and are therefore able to register changes in brightness due to aerosols present in the air. This is advantageously made possible by an evaluation unit which is connected downstream of the optical receiver and which evaluates fluctuations in the electrical signal due to fluctuations in the brightness of the received light signal.
  • Known methods such as modulated measurement or lock-in technology are used.
  • Figure 1 shows an arrangement of a gas sensitive
  • FIG. 2 shows an absorption spectrum of a layer sensitive to NO or NO2
  • FIG. 3 shows a measuring arrangement with a gas-sensitive layer on the optical receiver
  • Figure 4 shows a structure of a combined fire alarm.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary measuring arrangement consisting of an optical transmitter 2, for example an infrared light-emitting diode, and an optical receiver 4, for example a photodiode, which is sensitive to infrared light.
  • an optical transmitter 2 for example an infrared light-emitting diode
  • an optical receiver 4 for example a photodiode, which is sensitive to infrared light.
  • small, compact and inexpensive fire detectors are possible, which also use very little energy.
  • optical transmitters 2 and receivers 4 which work with light in the visible wavelength range can also be used just as well.
  • the coordination is decisive for the function of the measuring arrangement between the wavelength of the light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 and the absorbed wavelength of a gas-sensitive layer 6 described below.
  • an optical receiver 4 which is arranged at a certain distance and is transparent to the radiation of the optical transmitter 2
  • Layer 6 for example consisting of a carrier made of polymer material, which is provided with a specific gas-sensitive layer.
  • This layer 6, which is transparent to the light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 can be located exactly in the middle between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, but it is also possible to place it at any position between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4 to be arranged, provided that it is in beam path 8.
  • the gas-sensitive layer 6 known per se can partially absorb a certain wavelength of light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 when interacting with certain gases.
  • the gas-sensitive layer 6 contains an indicator substance sensitive to a specific gas and is calibrated by means of previous calibration measurements before installation. As soon as the gas to be detected enters the area between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, the indicator substance contained in the layer 6 changes its absorption for certain wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic radiation impinging on it. Since this wavelength corresponds to a local absorption maximum of the indictor substance, the optical receiver 4 arranged behind the layer 6 registers a different changed transmission. The height of the absorption maximum and thus the size of the transmission are proportional to the concentration of the gas. This can be detected by means of an evaluation unit (not shown here) and connected to a signal transmitter when used as a smoke detector.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a relationship between the wavelength and the absorption of light of a gas-sensitive layer at different concentrations of a gas mixture coming into contact with the gas-sensitive layer.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the light emitted by the optical transmitter in nanometers (nm) is plotted on the horizontal axis 16 of the diagram.
  • a relative absorption value is plotted on the vertical axis 14, which would assume a value of 1.0 if the absorption were complete.
  • the gas-sensitive layer is a layer sensitive to NO and / or NO 2 . It can be seen that at a certain light wavelength, in the example shown at approximately 670 nm, the absorption of light has a clear maximum with increasing NO concentration.
  • a number of curves 11 are plotted, the maximum of which increases with increasing NO concentration. This increase is indicated by an upward arrow 12.
  • the sensor effect that is to say the changes in absorption or transmission, can generally be detected in the gas-sensitive layers used in relatively narrow wavelength ranges. Suitable carriers for such gas-sensitive layers are certain polymers that are largely chemically inert, so that it is ensured that only the indicator substance interacts with the gas. This indicator substance is applied to the polymer and shows an interaction with certain gases. Furthermore, with this measuring method it is possible to provide several optical receivers with different gas-sensitive layers and to represent combined smoke detectors that respond to a large number of different gases.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative measuring arrangement in which a gas-sensitive layer 10 is applied directly to the optical receiver 4, in the exemplary embodiment shown a light-sensitive photodiode.
  • a gas-sensitive layer 10 is applied directly to the optical receiver 4, in the exemplary embodiment shown a light-sensitive photodiode.
  • the same parts as in the previous figures are provided with the same reference numerals and are not explained again.
  • Such a measuring arrangement has the advantage that very compact smoke or combustion gas detectors can be represented.
  • several optical receivers 4 can each have layers 10 sensitive to different gases. These can all be arranged in the beam path 8 of the optical sensor 2 at a certain distance therefrom and are thereby able to deliver different characteristic absorption signals for different combustion gases to an evaluation unit, not shown here.
  • Figure 4 finally shows a structure of a combined fire detector 1, which is next to an optical Transmitter 2 has an optical receiver 28 acting as a scattered light sensor and at least one optical receiver 4 acting as a gas sensor.
  • the same parts as in the previous figures are provided with the same reference numerals and are not explained again.
  • a common light source for example an infrared light-emitting diode, can be used for both detection methods.
  • the fire detector 1 essentially consists of a chamber 32 which is designed in such a way that little or no light can penetrate from the outside and at the same time smoke and gaseous combustion products have unhindered access.
  • a plurality of receptacles 34, 36, 38, which are closed to the outside, for the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, 28 are embedded in the wall.
  • the chamber 32 is open towards at least one end face, so that the sensors are in communication with the atmosphere in the chamber and combustion gases or smoke contained therein.
  • the outer wall of the chamber 32 is preferably made of an opaque material so that no false influences due to incident stray light occur during the measurements.
  • the receptacles 34, 36, 38 for the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receivers 4, 28 are preferably designed so deep that the optical transmitter 2 can only emit with a narrow light exit cone and that none on the optical receivers 4, 28 incident in the end faces of the chamber 32 Stray light can hit.
  • the optical axis 8 of the light exit cone of the optical transmitter 2 is preferably at an oblique angle of, for example, 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 32.
  • the optical receiver 28 for the scattered light sensor here for example a photodiode, is preferably arranged so that it is not in the direct radiation range 8 of the optical transmitter 2 and thus can only receive scattered light.
  • an optical axis 30 of the optical receiver 28 can also lie at an oblique angle of, for example, 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the tube 32, so that the optical axes 8 and 30 are at a certain point on the longitudinal axis of the tube 32 at an angle of - cut 90 ° for example.
  • the optical receiver 28 thus works in conjunction with the optical transmitter 2 like a conventional scattered light smoke detector.
  • At least one further optical receiver 4 is arranged in a further receptacle 36, the longitudinal extension of which is oriented in the same direction as the receptacle 34 for the optical transmitter 2.
  • the optical receiver 4 is thus in the direct radiation range of the optical transmitter 2 and is therefore preferably suitable for the detection of combustion gases which are not detectable by the scattered light sensor.
  • a support with a gas-sensitive layer 18 for absorbing certain light components as a function of gas concentrations in the air is placed in front of the optical receiver 4.
  • collecting lenses 22, 24 are preferably connected upstream thereof, which convert the light into the 10
  • a plurality of optical receivers 4, each with different front-facing goosensitive layers, can be provided in a fire detector 1. Different gaseous combustion products can be detected in this way. In certain fire situations where there are no gases to which the gas-sensitive layers could respond, the scattered light sensor can still trigger an alarm.
  • the light attenuation by aerosols contained in the combustion air can be measured and used as an alarm criterion.
  • the electrical signal emitted by the optical receiver 4 is also constant. If the brightness is weakened by aerosols contained in the air, to which the gas-sensitive layer 18 does not respond by partial absorption, the signal emitted by the optical receiver 4 nevertheless becomes weaker, which can be evaluated as a further criterion for a possible fire.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un avertisseur d'incendie pour la détection de produits de combustion gazeux et pulvérulents, comportant au moins un émetteur optique et au moins deux récepteurs optiques en vue de l'émission respective d'un signal électrique à une unité d'évaluation placée en aval. Au moins l'un des récepteurs optiques (28) est disposé à l'extérieur d'une zone de rayonnement direct (8) de l'émetteur optique (2) et fait office de récepteur de lumière parasite, et au moins une couche sensible aux gaz (18) est placée en amont d'un autre récepteur optique (4) disposé dans une zone de rayonnement direct (8) de l'émetteur optique (2). Lors d'un contact avec un gaz spécifique, ladite couche absorbe de préférence des composantes lumineuses d'une plage de longueurs d'onde étroite définie.
EP98952572A 1998-03-07 1998-09-17 Avertisseur d'incendie Expired - Lifetime EP1062647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19809896 1998-03-07
DE19809896A DE19809896A1 (de) 1998-03-07 1998-03-07 Brandmelder
PCT/DE1998/002750 WO1999045515A1 (fr) 1998-03-07 1998-09-17 Avertisseur d'incendie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1062647A1 true EP1062647A1 (fr) 2000-12-27
EP1062647B1 EP1062647B1 (fr) 2002-08-21

Family

ID=7860116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98952572A Expired - Lifetime EP1062647B1 (fr) 1998-03-07 1998-09-17 Avertisseur d'incendie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6479833B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1062647B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3864048B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19809896A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2182366T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999045515A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN112562253A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-26 杭州海康消防科技有限公司 一种烟雾传感器、烟雾报警方法及装置

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US6700130B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2004-03-02 Honeywell International Inc. Optical detection system for flow cytometry
NO326482B1 (no) * 2005-05-31 2008-12-15 Integrated Optoelectronics As En ny infrarod laserbasert alarm
US7377147B1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-05-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Testing performance of gas monitors
US7497108B2 (en) 2006-10-23 2009-03-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Gas monitor testing apparatus, method, and system
US7889220B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2011-02-15 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Device and method for maintaining optical energy density on a medium
WO2008124213A1 (fr) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Système, procédé et réseau informatique permettant de tester des appareils de surveillance de gaz
DE202007012255U1 (de) * 2007-08-31 2009-01-08 Ingenieurbüro Goebel GmbH Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von optischer Strahlung
JP2009229414A (ja) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 検知装置
CN101763708B (zh) * 2009-12-28 2012-01-18 公安部沈阳消防研究所 风管感烟火灾探测器
DE102011108390B4 (de) 2011-07-22 2019-07-11 PPP "KB Pribor" Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rauchdetektors vom offenen Typ
DE102011108389A1 (de) 2011-07-22 2013-01-24 PPP "KB Pribor" Ltd. Rauchdetektor
JP6630045B2 (ja) * 2015-02-09 2020-01-15 新コスモス電機株式会社 警報器
CN105488942A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-04-13 李文田 一种小型火灾探测器
KR101966492B1 (ko) * 2016-03-25 2019-04-05 현대자동차주식회사 차량용 먼지 센서
CN105913622B (zh) * 2016-06-27 2017-12-12 宁波金盾电子工业股份有限公司 一种WiFi火灾报警中继器
KR102448715B1 (ko) * 2017-12-22 2022-09-29 주식회사 히타치엘지 데이터 스토리지 코리아 먼지 센서와 가스 센서를 결합한 센서
CN110930630A (zh) * 2019-11-26 2020-03-27 福建好神奇电子科技有限公司 一种烟雾报警器及其方法
CN110930631A (zh) * 2019-11-26 2020-03-27 福建好神奇电子科技有限公司 一种光电式火灾烟雾报警器及其烟雾检测偏差的补偿方法
CN111474130A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-07-31 南昌航空大学 一种基于光谱法在线检测气态丙醛、丙烯醛的简便装置及方法
CN112037463A (zh) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-04 马艺卓 一种高灵敏度烟雾报警器
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CN117990655A (zh) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-07 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院 复合探测器和探测方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112562253A (zh) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-26 杭州海康消防科技有限公司 一种烟雾传感器、烟雾报警方法及装置
CN112562253B (zh) * 2019-09-26 2022-06-03 杭州海康消防科技有限公司 一种烟雾传感器、烟雾报警方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002506261A (ja) 2002-02-26
EP1062647B1 (fr) 2002-08-21
ES2182366T3 (es) 2003-03-01
US6479833B1 (en) 2002-11-12
JP3864048B2 (ja) 2006-12-27
WO1999045515A1 (fr) 1999-09-10
DE19809896A1 (de) 1999-09-09
DE59805266D1 (de) 2002-09-26

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