EP1348668A1 - Variable reach lift truck with three wheels - Google Patents

Variable reach lift truck with three wheels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1348668A1
EP1348668A1 EP03290757A EP03290757A EP1348668A1 EP 1348668 A1 EP1348668 A1 EP 1348668A1 EP 03290757 A EP03290757 A EP 03290757A EP 03290757 A EP03290757 A EP 03290757A EP 1348668 A1 EP1348668 A1 EP 1348668A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carriage
trolley
wheels
steering angle
chassis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03290757A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1348668B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel-Claude Braud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manitou BF SA
Original Assignee
Manitou BF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Manitou BF SA filed Critical Manitou BF SA
Publication of EP1348668A1 publication Critical patent/EP1348668A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1348668B1 publication Critical patent/EP1348668B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/065—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted
    • B66F9/0655—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted with a telescopic boom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07559—Stabilizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07572—Propulsion arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motorized forklift, with variable reach, wherein the front end of the telescopic arm extends in front of the front wheels in load transport position.
  • the invention is particularly useful in its application to a carriage three-wheel variable reach lift.
  • variable-reach three-wheeled carts marketed by the MANITOU BF company under French law under the name TMT: these trolleys three-wheel variable reach have a U-shaped chassis so that you can back up a load inside the U-shaped chassis in the transport position. These carts are particularly suitable for being carried on the back of a carrier vehicle, as described in document EP 701 963 A1.
  • these carts Due to the special structure of these TMT trolleys suitable for embedded in the back of a carrier vehicle, these carts have the disadvantage a wide front track of around 2 m and a short wheelbase of around 1.40 m. This structure also has the disadvantage of a telescopic arm relatively short, allowing to reach a lifting height of the order of 3 m.
  • these TMT trolleys Due to their particular structure allowing the load to be moved back to inside the U-shaped chassis in the transport position, these TMT trolleys able to be on board the back of a carrier vehicle have good lateral stability in turn.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, with at least three wheels, having a chassis structure allowing a wide variety of uses.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, with at least three wheels, simple and economical structure, presenting a telescopic arm of considerable length, making it possible to reach a height of significant lifting.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, and with good lateral stability when cornering.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, with good lateral stability when cornering without requiring an intervention of the operator installed at the driving position.
  • the subject of the invention is a forklift with variable reach, with three wheels and with telescopic arm, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, of the type with a rear steering wheel and two front wheels, a driving position and a group powertrain secured to a chassis, characterized in that the chassis has a compact and elongated conformation in the longitudinal direction of travel of the carriage.
  • the invention also relates to a forklift with variable reach, at minus three wheels and telescopic arm, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, type comprising at least one rear steering wheel and two front wheels, a pipe and a powertrain secured to a chassis, characterized in that the trolley has a system limiting the maximum forward speed depending the steering angle of the truck, so as to ensure lateral stability when cornering of the carriage.
  • a three-wheel forklift according to the invention comprises a rear wheel 1 which is steerable and preferably driving, a wheel left front 2 preferably driving and fixed steering, and a right front wheel 3 preferably driving and fixed steering.
  • the three wheels 1 to 3 are mounted on a chassis 4 carrying a line 5 located on one side of the carriage and a casing 6 located on the side opposite the station pipe 5 with respect to a telescopic arm 7 pivotally mounted under the action of a lifting cylinder around a substantially horizontal axis 8 located at the rear of the chassis 4 substantially above the driving and driving rear wheel 1.
  • the casing 6 contains a powertrain 9 comprising a motor with explosion and causing at least one hydrostatic pump 10 supplying the energy hydraulic drive systems of the cart wheels according to the invention.
  • the propellant group 9 drives, in a manner known per se, other pumps hydraulics to power the actuators of handling equipment and wheel steering systems.
  • the chassis 4 preferably comprises two shoes 11 and 12 located substantially in the track of the front wheels 2 and 3 to limit the lateral tilt angle of the carriage, and increase the lateral stability of the carriage, especially when cornering.
  • the trolley according to the invention is a compact trolley having an overall width close to 1.60 m and a cabin height close to 1.90 m.
  • the driver's cabin cabin floor 5 is a lowered floor directly accessible without intermediate steps.
  • the ground clearance of the trolley according to the invention is close to 30 cm, so that allow use in all terrain, with the exception of shoes 11 and 12 of lateral tilt limitation located in the tracks of the front wheels 2 and 3.
  • Clogs 11 and 12 which locally limit the ground clearance are clogs of safety to support the ground in the event of loss of lateral stability, so as to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.
  • the powertrain protection casing 6 has a profile descending forward, below the level of the right side window of the line 5, so as to provide total circular visibility to the seated driver in the driving position 5.
  • the truck according to the invention has a front wheelbase ratio greater than 1, unlike TMT trolleys of known type, intended to be on board the back of a carrier vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 a curve of maximum forward speed in function of the steering angle in degrees of a steerable wheel, for example a rear wheel, is shown.
  • the maximum speed of a carriage according to the invention is limited to a speed of the order of 13.5 km / h.
  • the maximum authorized speed decreases strongly up to a value of around 8.5 km / h.
  • the turning speed decreases more slowly to a value close to 7 km / h, beyond a steering angle of 40 ° to the left or right until a terminal steering angle of 65 ° to the left or to the right, the maximum speed authorized speed of the truck remains equal to 7 km / h.
  • This speed limitation is obtained by regulating the hydrostatic flow of the carriage according to the invention, preferably by acting on the piloting pressure of the hydrostatic pump.
  • a pressure reducing valve similar to a valve inching forward.
  • This pressure reduction valve is controlled by a pusher whose stroke corresponds to the steering angle, as indicated by the Figure 3 match arrows.
  • piloting pressure is maximum and close to 22 bar, while for a maximum steering angle, the piloting pressure is equal to 5 bar, corresponding to a push stroke equal to 5.6 mm.
  • Intermediate values of 20 ° and 40 ° steering angle correspond respectively to a push stroke of 1.2 mm and 5.6 mm.
  • Figures 4 to 7 describe a first steering system of a wheel steer, for example of a rear wheel 1.
  • the steering axis 20 of the support 21 carrying a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1 is integral with the chassis 4 not shown.
  • the rear wheel support 21 1 has a protruding part 22 the action of a jack 23 mounted between the articulation 24 on the support 21 and an axis 25 secured to the chassis 4 not shown.
  • the jack 23 carries an actuator 26 consisting for example of a rod 27 secured to the jack 23 and a screw 28 adjustable thrust.
  • the adjustable screw 28 acts on a socket 29 for driving in a pusher 30 of the valve 31 for reducing pressure.
  • the insertion sleeve 29 is slidably mounted in a bore of a plate integral with the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.
  • the pusher 30 has come out of 1.2 mm which corresponds to a pilot pressure of approximately 16 bar and a speed maximum authorized advancement of 8.5 km / h.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 another steering and limitation system of speed as a function of the steering angle is shown with angles of steering respectively identical to the steering angles described with reference to Figures 3 to 7.
  • Pusher strokes, pilot pressures and maximum speeds allowed in this example are identical to the push stroke, at angles of steering and at the maximum authorized speeds described with reference to Figures 3 to 7.
  • a cam 32 is mounted integral with the support 21 of the rear wheel 1, so as to act on a sliding roller 33 for driving the pusher 30 of the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.
  • FIG. 12 a hydrostatic diagram for advancing a carriage according to the invention is shown.
  • the motor 9 drives the hydrostatic pump 10 generating the energy hydrostatic carriage.
  • the hydrostatic pump 10 is connected to a distribution block 40 for power the motor 41 for driving a steering wheel, for example a wheel back ; the motor 42 for driving the right front wheel; and the engine 43 left front wheel drive.
  • a brake solenoid valve 44 acts on the hydraulic fluid returns to the reservoir 46 for controlling the brakes of the drive wheels of the carriage according to the invention.
  • a flow divider 47 distributes the fluid flow between the three wheels to avoid slipping or slipping.
  • a cooler 48, a suction and return filter 49 hydraulic fluid and an inching valve 50 actuated by pedal are mounted in the hydrostatic circuit to perform functions known per se.
  • control pressure reduction valve 31 of the hydrostatic pump 10 described with reference to Figures 4 to 11 is actuated by the pusher 30 in function the steering angle of the rear wheel 1.
  • hydrostatic diagrams for a forklift at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention, the main thing being to set a maximum speed setpoint authorized carriage advance according to an individual or average value representative of a steering angle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The elevator truck has two forward wheels (2) and one rear wheel (1) which is steerable from the driving seat (5) and also driven by an engine with hydrostatic transmission. An extending and lifting arm (7) is hydraulically driven and has a good range of action. Shoes (11) on either side of the rear wheel assist stability which is further improved by automatic speed limitation when turning

Description

L'invention est relative à un chariot élévateur motorisé, à portée variable, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge.The invention relates to a motorized forklift, with variable reach, wherein the front end of the telescopic arm extends in front of the front wheels in load transport position.

L'invention est particulièrement utile dans son application à un chariot élévateur à portée variable à trois roues.The invention is particularly useful in its application to a carriage three-wheel variable reach lift.

On connaít des chariots à portée variable à trois roues commercialisés par la société MANITOU BF de droit français sous la dénomination TMT : ces chariots à portée variable à trois roues présentent un châssis en U, de manière à pouvoir reculer une charge à l'intérieur du châssis en U en position de transport. Ces chariots sont particulièrement adaptés pour être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur, comme cela est décrit dans le document EP 701 963 A1.We know variable-reach three-wheeled carts marketed by the MANITOU BF company under French law under the name TMT: these trolleys three-wheel variable reach have a U-shaped chassis so that you can back up a load inside the U-shaped chassis in the transport position. These carts are particularly suitable for being carried on the back of a carrier vehicle, as described in document EP 701 963 A1.

En raison de la structure particulière de ces chariots TMT aptes à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur, ces chariots présentent l'inconvénient d'une voie avant large de l'ordre de 2 m et d'un empattement court de l'ordre de 1,40 m. Cette structure présente également l'inconvénient d'un bras télescopique relativement court, permettant d'atteindre une hauteur de levage de l'ordre de 3 m.Due to the special structure of these TMT trolleys suitable for embedded in the back of a carrier vehicle, these carts have the disadvantage a wide front track of around 2 m and a short wheelbase of around 1.40 m. This structure also has the disadvantage of a telescopic arm relatively short, allowing to reach a lifting height of the order of 3 m.

En raison de leur structure particulière permettant de reculer la charge à l'intérieur du châssis en U en position de transport, ces chariots TMT aptes à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur présentent une bonne stabilité latérale en virage.Due to their particular structure allowing the load to be moved back to inside the U-shaped chassis in the transport position, these TMT trolleys able to be on board the back of a carrier vehicle have good lateral stability in turn.

Un premier but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, présentant une structure de châssis permettant une grande variété d'utilisations.A first object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, with at least three wheels, having a chassis structure allowing a wide variety of uses.

Un deuxième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, de structure simple et économique, présentant un bras télescopique de longueur notable, permettant d'atteindre une hauteur de levage importante.A second object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, with at least three wheels, simple and economical structure, presenting a telescopic arm of considerable length, making it possible to reach a height of significant lifting.

Un troisième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, et présentant une bonne stabilité latérale en virage.A third object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, and with good lateral stability when cornering.

Un quatrième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, présentant une bonne stabilité latérale en virage sans nécessiter une intervention de l'opérateur installé au poste de conduite.A fourth object of the invention is to provide a new forklift to variable reach, at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, with good lateral stability when cornering without requiring an intervention of the operator installed at the driving position.

L'invention a pour objet un chariot élévateur à portée variable, à trois roues et à bras télescopique, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, du type comportant une roue arrière directrice et deux roues avant, un poste de conduite et un groupe motopropulseur solidaires d'un châssis, caractérisé en ce que le châssis présente une conformation compacte et allongée dans le sens longitudinal d'avancement du chariot.The subject of the invention is a forklift with variable reach, with three wheels and with telescopic arm, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, of the type with a rear steering wheel and two front wheels, a driving position and a group powertrain secured to a chassis, characterized in that the chassis has a compact and elongated conformation in the longitudinal direction of travel of the carriage.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques alternatives de l'invention :

  • le châssis présente deux sabots de limitation d'inclinaison latérale, disposés de part et d'autre de la roue arrière du chariot,
  • les sabots de limitation d'inclinaison latérale sont disposés de préférence dans les traces des roues avant, lorsque le chariot avance en ligne droite,
  • le chariot est à transmission hydrostatique et comporte un système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot, de manière à assurer la stabilité latérale en virage du chariot.
According to other alternative characteristics of the invention:
  • the chassis has two lateral tilt limitation shoes, arranged on either side of the rear wheel of the carriage,
  • the lateral tilt limitation shoes are preferably arranged in the tracks of the front wheels, when the carriage advances in a straight line,
  • the carriage has hydrostatic transmission and has a system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the steering angle of the carriage, so as to ensure lateral stability when cornering the carriage.

L'invention a également pour objet un chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues et à bras télescopique, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, du type comportant au moins une roue arrière directrice et deux roues avant, un poste de conduite et un groupe motopropulseur solidaires d'un châssis, caractérisé en ce que le chariot comporte un système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot, de manière à assurer la stabilité latérale en virage du chariot. The invention also relates to a forklift with variable reach, at minus three wheels and telescopic arm, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends in front of the front wheels in the load transport position, type comprising at least one rear steering wheel and two front wheels, a pipe and a powertrain secured to a chassis, characterized in that the trolley has a system limiting the maximum forward speed depending the steering angle of the truck, so as to ensure lateral stability when cornering of the carriage.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques alternatives de l'invention :

  • le chariot est à transmission hydrostatique et ledit système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot est relié à ou coopère avec la transmission hydrostatique du chariot.
  • le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement du chariot est commandé par un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage d'au moins une roue directrice,
  • l'actionneur peut être solidarisé à un vérin de direction du chariot, ou, alternativement, l'actionneur peut être solidarisé à un support ou pivot de roue directrice,
  • le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage comporte une valve de réduction de la pression de pilotage de la transmission hydrostatique du chariot,
  • ladite valve de réduction de pression de pilotage est une valve à poussoir coopérant avec un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage du chariot,
  • la pression de pilotage diminue en fonction de la sortie du poussoir de la valve de réduction de pression de pilotage.
According to other alternative characteristics of the invention:
  • the carriage is of hydrostatic transmission and said system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the steering angle of the carriage is connected to or cooperates with the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage.
  • the system limiting the maximum speed of advance of the carriage is controlled by an actuator linked to the steering angle of at least one steerable wheel,
  • the actuator can be secured to a steering cylinder of the carriage, or, alternatively, the actuator can be secured to a support or steerable wheel pivot,
  • the system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the steering angle comprises a valve for reducing the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage,
  • said pilot pressure reduction valve is a push valve cooperating with an actuator linked to the turning angle of the carriage,
  • the pilot pressure decreases as a function of the output of the pilot pressure reduction valve pusher.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suivre donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement, une vue en élévation latérale du côté gauche d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente schématiquement, une vue en élévation latérale du côté droit d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 représente schématiquement, un exemple de courbe de consigne de vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage de la roue arrière d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 4 à 7 représentent schématiquement, des vues de dessus d'un premier système de braquage de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale du genre représenté à la figure 3.
  • Les figures 8 à 11 représentent schématiquement, des vues de dessus d'un autre système de braquage de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale du genre représenté à la figure 3.
  • La figure 12 représente schématiquement, un schéma hydraulique de transmission de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale d'avancement du genre représenté à la figure 3.
The invention will be better understood from the description which follows given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a side elevational view of the left side of a forklift according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a side elevation view of the right side of a forklift according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of the maximum forward speed setpoint curve as a function of the steering angle of the rear wheel of a forklift truck according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 schematically represent, top views of a first forklift turning system according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum speed setpoint of the kind represented in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 schematically represent top views of another forklift turning system according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum speed setpoint of the kind represented in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 12 schematically represents a hydraulic diagram of a forklift transmission according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum forward speed setpoint of the kind represented in FIG. 3.

En référence aux figures 1 et 2, un chariot élévateur à trois roues selon l'invention comporte une roue arrière 1 directrice et de préférence motrice, une roue avant gauche 2 de préférence motrice et de direction fixe, et une roue avant droite 3 de préférence motrice et de direction fixe.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a three-wheel forklift according to the invention comprises a rear wheel 1 which is steerable and preferably driving, a wheel left front 2 preferably driving and fixed steering, and a right front wheel 3 preferably driving and fixed steering.

Les trois roues 1 à 3 sont montées sur un châssis 4 portant un poste de conduite 5 situé sur un côté du chariot et un carter 6 situé du côté opposé au poste de conduite 5 par rapport à un bras télescopique 7 monté à pivotement sous l'action d'un vérin de levage autour d'un axe 8 sensiblement horizontal situé à l'arrière du châssis 4 sensiblement au-dessus de la roue arrière 1 directrice et motrice.The three wheels 1 to 3 are mounted on a chassis 4 carrying a line 5 located on one side of the carriage and a casing 6 located on the side opposite the station pipe 5 with respect to a telescopic arm 7 pivotally mounted under the action of a lifting cylinder around a substantially horizontal axis 8 located at the rear of the chassis 4 substantially above the driving and driving rear wheel 1.

Le carter 6 contient un groupe motopropulseur 9 comportant un moteur à explosion et entraínant au moins une pompe hydrostatique 10 fournissant l'énergie hydraulique aux systèmes d'entraínement des roues du chariot selon l'invention. Le groupe moto propulseur 9 entraíne, de manière connue en soi, d'autres pompes hydrauliques pour alimenter les actionneurs des moyens de manutention et des systèmes de direction des roues.The casing 6 contains a powertrain 9 comprising a motor with explosion and causing at least one hydrostatic pump 10 supplying the energy hydraulic drive systems of the cart wheels according to the invention. The propellant group 9 drives, in a manner known per se, other pumps hydraulics to power the actuators of handling equipment and wheel steering systems.

Le châssis 4 comporte de préférence deux sabots 11 et 12 situés sensiblement dans la trace des roues avant 2 et 3 pour limiter l'angle de basculement latéral du chariot, et accroítre la stabilité latérale du chariot, notamment en virage.The chassis 4 preferably comprises two shoes 11 and 12 located substantially in the track of the front wheels 2 and 3 to limit the lateral tilt angle of the carriage, and increase the lateral stability of the carriage, especially when cornering.

De préférence, le chariot selon l'invention est un chariot compact présentant une largeur hors tout voisine de 1,60 m et une hauteur de cabine voisine de 1,90 m. Le plancher de la cabine du poste de conduite 5 est un plancher surbaissé directement accessible sans marche intermédiaire.Preferably, the trolley according to the invention is a compact trolley having an overall width close to 1.60 m and a cabin height close to 1.90 m. The driver's cabin cabin floor 5 is a lowered floor directly accessible without intermediate steps.

La garde au sol du chariot selon l'invention est voisine de 30 cm, de manière à permettre une utilisation en tout terrain, à l'exception des sabots 11 et 12 de limitation d'inclinaison latérale situés dans les traces des roues avant 2 et 3. The ground clearance of the trolley according to the invention is close to 30 cm, so that allow use in all terrain, with the exception of shoes 11 and 12 of lateral tilt limitation located in the tracks of the front wheels 2 and 3.

Les sabots 11 et 12 qui limitent localement la garde au sol sont des sabots de sécurité permettant de prendre appui au sol en cas de perte de stabilité latérale, de manière à s'opposer au renversement du chariot selon l'invention.Clogs 11 and 12 which locally limit the ground clearance are clogs of safety to support the ground in the event of loss of lateral stability, so as to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.

Le carter 6 de protection du groupe motopropulseur 9 présente un profil descendant vers l'avant, sous le niveau de la fenêtre latérale droite du poste de conduite 5, de manière à procurer une visibilité circulaire totale au conducteur assis dans le poste de conduite 5.The powertrain protection casing 6 has a profile descending forward, below the level of the right side window of the line 5, so as to provide total circular visibility to the seated driver in the driving position 5.

Le chariot selon l'invention présente un rapport empattement sur voie avant supérieur à 1, contrairement aux chariots TMT de type connu, destinés à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur.The truck according to the invention has a front wheelbase ratio greater than 1, unlike TMT trolleys of known type, intended to be on board the back of a carrier vehicle.

Dans la position de rétraction maximale de la flèche représentée à la figure 2, l'accessoire de travail porté par le bras télescopique 7 dépasse en avant des roues avant 2 et 3, en permettant ainsi de loger un bras télescopique 7 offrant une portée et une hauteur de levages importantes, très supérieures à la portée et à la hauteur de levage des chariots TMT de type connu.In the position of maximum retraction of the arrow shown in Figure 2, the work accessory carried by the telescopic arm 7 protrudes in front of the wheels front 2 and 3, thus making it possible to house a telescopic arm 7 offering a range and a significant lifting height, much greater than the reach and the height of lifting of known type TMT trolleys.

Cependant, sur ce chariot à trois roues de faible largeur, un risque d'instabilité latérale existe, particulièrement en virage, ce qui nécessite l'emploi de moyens appropriés tels que les sabots 11 et 12 de limitation d'inclinaison latérale.However, on this narrow three-wheeled cart, there is a risk of instability lateral exists, particularly when cornering, which requires the use of means suitable such as shoes 11 and 12 for limiting lateral inclination.

Egalement, dans le cas d'une vitesse excessive d'avancement, et dans le cas des autres chariots à au moins trois roues, par exemple à quatre roues, ce risque d'instabilité latérale est encore augmenté, particulièrement en virage, du fait de l'augmentation des forces d'inertie exercées sur la machine proportionnellement au carré de la vitesse d'avancement et inversement proportionnelle au rayon du virage.Also, in the case of excessive forward speed, and in the case other trolleys with at least three wheels, for example four wheels, this risk lateral instability is further increased, particularly when cornering, due to the increase in inertia forces exerted on the machine in proportion to the square of the forward speed and inversely proportional to the radius of the turn.

Pour améliorer encore la sécurité de fonctionnement et la stabilité latérale d'un chariot selon l'invention, il est souhaitable de prévoir une limitation de la vitesse maximale d'avancement en virage.To further improve operational safety and lateral stability of a carriage according to the invention, it is desirable to provide a speed limitation maximum cornering progress.

A cet effet, sur la figure 3, une courbe de vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage en degré d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière, est représentée. To this end, in FIG. 3, a curve of maximum forward speed in function of the steering angle in degrees of a steerable wheel, for example a rear wheel, is shown.

Pour une avancée en ligne droite, et jusqu'à un braquage à droite ou à gauche d'environ 10°, la vitesse maximale d'un chariot selon l'invention est limitée à une vitesse de l'ordre de 13,5 km/h.For a straight line advance, and up to a right or left turn approximately 10 °, the maximum speed of a carriage according to the invention is limited to a speed of the order of 13.5 km / h.

Au-delà d'un angle de braquage supérieur à 10° à gauche ou à droite, par exemple pour un angle de braquage de 20°, la vitesse maximale autorisée décroít fortement jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 8,5 km/h.Beyond a steering angle greater than 10 ° to the left or to the right, by example for a steering angle of 20 °, the maximum authorized speed decreases strongly up to a value of around 8.5 km / h.

Au-delà d'un angle de braquage de 20° et jusqu'à un angle de braquage d'environ 40°, la vitesse de braquage décroít plus lentement jusqu'à une valeur voisine de 7 km/h, au-delà d'un angle de braquage de 40° à gauche ou à droite jusqu'à un angle de braquage terminal de 65° à gauche ou à droite, la vitesse maximale autorisée du chariot reste égale à 7 km/h.Beyond a steering angle of 20 ° and up to a steering angle about 40 °, the turning speed decreases more slowly to a value close to 7 km / h, beyond a steering angle of 40 ° to the left or right until a terminal steering angle of 65 ° to the left or to the right, the maximum speed authorized speed of the truck remains equal to 7 km / h.

Cette limitation de vitesse est obtenue par régulation du débit hydrostatique du chariot selon l'invention, de préférence en agissant sur la pression de pilotage de la pompe hydrostatique.This speed limitation is obtained by regulating the hydrostatic flow of the carriage according to the invention, preferably by acting on the piloting pressure of the hydrostatic pump.

Pour réduire la pression de pilotage de la transmission hydrostatique, on utilise de préférence une valve de réduction de pression analogue à une valve d'avance lente ("inching"). Cette valve de réduction de pression est commandée par un poussoir dont la course correspond à l'angle de braquage, comme indiqué par les flèches de correspondance de la figure 3.To reduce the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic transmission, preferably use a pressure reducing valve similar to a valve inching forward. This pressure reduction valve is controlled by a pusher whose stroke corresponds to the steering angle, as indicated by the Figure 3 match arrows.

On voit que pour une avancée en ligne droite la pression de pilotage est maximale et voisine de 22 bar, tandis que pour un angle de braquage maximal, la pression de pilotage est égale à 5 bar, correspondant à une course de poussoir égale à 5,6 mm. Les valeurs intermédiaires de 20° et de 40° d'angle de braquage correspondent respectivement à une course de poussoir de 1,2 mm et de 5,6 mm.We see that for a straight line advance the piloting pressure is maximum and close to 22 bar, while for a maximum steering angle, the piloting pressure is equal to 5 bar, corresponding to a push stroke equal to 5.6 mm. Intermediate values of 20 ° and 40 ° steering angle correspond respectively to a push stroke of 1.2 mm and 5.6 mm.

Les figures 4 à 7 décrivent un premier système de braquage d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière 1.Figures 4 to 7 describe a first steering system of a wheel steer, for example of a rear wheel 1.

L'axe de direction 20 du support 21 portant une roue directrice, par exemple une roue arrière 1, est solidaire du châssis 4 non représenté.The steering axis 20 of the support 21 carrying a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1 is integral with the chassis 4 not shown.

Le support 21 de roue arrière 1 comporte une excroissance 22 soumise l'action d'un vérin 23 monté entre l'articulation 24 sur le support 21 et un axe 25 solidaire du châssis 4 non représenté. The rear wheel support 21 1 has a protruding part 22 the action of a jack 23 mounted between the articulation 24 on the support 21 and an axis 25 secured to the chassis 4 not shown.

Le vérin 23 porte un actionneur 26 constitué par exemple d'une tige 27 solidarisée au vérin 23 et d'une vis 28 réglable de poussée. La vis 28 réglable agit sur une douille 29 d'enfoncement d'un poussoir 30 de la valve 31 de réduction de pression. La douille 29 d'enfoncement est montée coulissante dans un alésage d'une plaque solidaire de la valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage.The jack 23 carries an actuator 26 consisting for example of a rod 27 secured to the jack 23 and a screw 28 adjustable thrust. The adjustable screw 28 acts on a socket 29 for driving in a pusher 30 of the valve 31 for reducing pressure. The insertion sleeve 29 is slidably mounted in a bore of a plate integral with the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.

Ainsi, dans la position d'avancement en ligne droite représentée à la figure 4, le poussoir 30 est entièrement enfoncé à l'intérieur de la valve 31, ce qui correspond à une pression de 22 bar et à une vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement de 13,5 km/h (figure 3).Thus, in the straight forward position shown in FIG. 4, the pusher 30 is fully inserted inside the valve 31, which corresponds at a pressure of 22 bar and at a maximum permitted forward speed of 13.5 km / h (Figure 3).

Sur la figure 5, pour un angle de braquage de 20°, le poussoir 30 est sorti de 1,2 mm ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage d'environ 16 bar et à une vitesse maximale d'avancement autorisée de 8, 5 km/h.In FIG. 5, for a steering angle of 20 °, the pusher 30 has come out of 1.2 mm which corresponds to a pilot pressure of approximately 16 bar and a speed maximum authorized advancement of 8.5 km / h.

Sur la figure 6, pour un angle de braquage de 40°, le poussoir est sorti de 5,6 mm, ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage de 5 bar et à une vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement de 7 km/h.In FIG. 6, for a steering angle of 40 °, the pusher has come out of 5.6 mm, which corresponds to a pilot pressure of 5 bar and a speed maximum authorized advancement of 7 km / h.

Sur la figure 7, pour un angle de braquage de 65°, le poussoir reste également sorti de 5,6 mm, en raison de la limitation de cette course par la butée de la douille coulissante 29, ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage de 5 bar et à une vitesse maximale d'avancement autorisée de 7 km/h.In FIG. 7, for a steering angle of 65 °, the pusher also remains extended by 5.6 mm, due to the limitation of this stroke by the sleeve stop sliding 29, which corresponds to a pilot pressure of 5 bar and a speed maximum authorized advancement of 7 km / h.

En référence aux figures 8 à 11, un autre système de direction et de limitation de vitesse en fonction de l'angle de braquage est représenté avec des angles de braquage respectivement identiques aux angles de braquage décrits en référence aux figures 3 à 7.With reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, another steering and limitation system of speed as a function of the steering angle is shown with angles of steering respectively identical to the steering angles described with reference to Figures 3 to 7.

Les courses de poussoir, les pressions de pilotage et les vitesses maximales autorisées sont dans cet exemple identiques aux courses de poussoir, aux angles de braquage et aux vitesses maximales autorisées décrites en référence aux figures 3 à 7.Pusher strokes, pilot pressures and maximum speeds allowed in this example are identical to the push stroke, at angles of steering and at the maximum authorized speeds described with reference to Figures 3 to 7.

Bien entendu, tout autre dispositif de limitation de vitesse d'avancement du chariot peut également être envisagé, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Of course, any other device for limiting the forward speed of the cart can also be considered, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Dans ce deuxième système, une came 32 est montée solidaire du support 21 de la roue arrière 1, de manière à agir sur un galet coulissant 33 d'enfoncement du poussoir 30 de la valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage. In this second system, a cam 32 is mounted integral with the support 21 of the rear wheel 1, so as to act on a sliding roller 33 for driving the pusher 30 of the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.

On obtient ainsi grâce à l'action de la came 32 sur le galet 33 d'enfoncement du poussoir 30 les courses de poussoir, les réductions de pression de pilotage correspondantes et les limitations de vitesse maximale d'avancement décrites en référence à la figure 3.This gives the action of the cam 32 on the drive roller 33 from the pusher 30 the pusher strokes, the pilot pressure reductions corresponding and the maximum forward speed limits described in reference to figure 3.

Sur la figure 12, un schéma hydrostatique d'avancement d'un chariot selon l'invention est représenté.In FIG. 12, a hydrostatic diagram for advancing a carriage according to the invention is shown.

Le moteur 9 entraíne la pompe hydrostatique 10 générant l'énergie hydrostatique du chariot.The motor 9 drives the hydrostatic pump 10 generating the energy hydrostatic carriage.

La pompe hydrostatique 10 est reliée à un bloc de répartition 40 pour alimenter le moteur 41 d'entraínement d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière ; le moteur 42 d'entraínement de la roue avant droite ; et le moteur 43 d'entraínement de la roue avant gauche.The hydrostatic pump 10 is connected to a distribution block 40 for power the motor 41 for driving a steering wheel, for example a wheel back ; the motor 42 for driving the right front wheel; and the engine 43 left front wheel drive.

Un électrodistributeur 44 de frein agit sur les retours de fluide hydraulique au réservoir 46 pour commander les freins des roues motrices du chariot selon l'invention. Un diviseur de débit 47 assure une répartition du débit de fluide entre les trois roues pour éviter tout glissement ou patinage.A brake solenoid valve 44 acts on the hydraulic fluid returns to the reservoir 46 for controlling the brakes of the drive wheels of the carriage according to the invention. A flow divider 47 distributes the fluid flow between the three wheels to avoid slipping or slipping.

De manière connue un refroidisseur 48, un filtre 49 d'aspiration et de retour de fluide hydraulique et une valve d'avance lente («inching») 50 actionnée par pédale sont montés dans le circuit hydrostatique pour accomplir des fonctions connues en soi.In a known manner a cooler 48, a suction and return filter 49 hydraulic fluid and an inching valve 50 actuated by pedal are mounted in the hydrostatic circuit to perform functions known per se.

La valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage de la pompe hydrostatique 10 décrite en référence aux figures 4 à 11 est actionnée par le poussoir 30 en fonction de l'angle de braquage de la roue arrière 1.The control pressure reduction valve 31 of the hydrostatic pump 10 described with reference to Figures 4 to 11 is actuated by the pusher 30 in function the steering angle of the rear wheel 1.

D'autres variantes de schémas hydrostatiques pour un chariot élévateur à au moins trois roues selon l'invention peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'essentiel étant de fixer une consigne de vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement du chariot en fonction d'une valeur individuelle ou moyenne représentative d'un angle de braquage.Other variants of hydrostatic diagrams for a forklift at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention, the main thing being to set a maximum speed setpoint authorized carriage advance according to an individual or average value representative of a steering angle.

L'invention décrite en référence à plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers n'y est nullement limitée, mais couvre au contraire toute modification de forme et toute variante de réalisation dans le cadre et l'esprit de l'invention. The invention described with reference to several particular embodiments is in no way limited to it, but on the contrary covers any modification of form and any variant in the context and spirit of the invention.

D'autres variantes de conformation de chariot élévateur à au moins trois roues selon l'invention peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'essentiel étant de prévoir des moyens de sécurité contre un risque de perte de stabilité latérale, ces moyens de sécurité étant aptes à s'opposer au renversement du chariot selon l'invention.Other variants of forklift configuration with at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of this invention, the essential being to provide security means against a risk of loss of lateral stability, these safety means being able to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.

Claims (12)

Chariot élévateur à portée variable à trois roues et à bras télescopique (7), dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique (7) s'étend en avant des roues avant (2, 3) en position de transport de charge, du type comportant une roue (1) arrière directrice et deux roues avant (2, 3), un poste de conduite (5) et un groupe motopropulseur (9) solidaires d'un châssis (4), caractérisé en ce que le châssis (4) présente une conformation compacte et allongée dans le sens longitudinal d'avancement du chariot.Forklift truck with variable reach with three wheels and telescopic arm (7), in which the front end of the telescopic arm (7) extends in front of the front wheels (2, 3) in the load transport position, of the type comprising a rear steering wheel (1) and two front wheels (2, 3), a driving position (5) and a powertrain (9) integral with a chassis (4), characterized in that the chassis (4) has a compact and elongated conformation in the longitudinal direction of advance of the carriage. Chariot selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le châssis présente deux sabots (11, 12) de limitation d'inclinaison latérale, disposés de part et d'autre de la roue arrière (1) du chariot.Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis has two shoes (11, 12) for limiting lateral inclination, arranged on either side of the rear wheel (1) of the trolley. Chariot selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les sabots (11, 12) de limitation d'inclinaison latérale sont disposés dans les traces des roues avant (2, 3), lorsque le chariot avance en ligne droite.Trolley according to claim 2, characterized in that the shoes (11, 12) for limiting lateral inclination are arranged in the tracks of the front wheels (2, 3), when the trolley advances in a straight line. Chariot selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le chariot est à transmission hydrostatique et comporte un système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot, de manière à assurer la stabilité latérale en virage du chariot.Trolley according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the trolley is of hydrostatic transmission and comprises a system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the turning angle of the trolley, so as to ensure stability lateral cornering of the carriage. Chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues et à bras télescopique (7), dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique (7) s'étend en avant des roues avant (2, 3) en position de transport de charge, du type comportant au moins une roue (1) arrière directrice et deux roues avant (2, 3), un poste de conduite (5) et un groupe motopropulseur (9) solidaires d'un châssis (4), caractérisé en ce que chariot comporte un système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction d'un angle de braquage du chariot, de manière à assurer la stabilité latérale en virage du chariot.Forklift with variable reach, at least three wheels and telescopic arm (7), in which the front end of the telescopic arm (7) extends in front of the front wheels (2, 3) in the load transport position , of the type comprising at least one rear steering wheel (1) and two front wheels (2, 3), a driving position (5) and a power train (9) secured to a chassis (4), characterized in that carriage has a system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of a steering angle of the carriage, so as to ensure lateral stability when cornering the carriage. Chariot selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le chariot est à transmission hydrostatique ; et en ce que ledit système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot est relié à, ou coopère avec la transmission hydrostatique du chariot Trolley according to claim 5, characterized in that the trolley is of hydrostatic transmission; and in that said system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the turning angle of the carriage is connected to, or cooperates with the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage Chariot selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement du chariot est commandé par un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage d'au moins une roue directrice.Trolley according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the system limiting the maximum speed of advance of the trolley is controlled by an actuator linked to the steering angle of at least one steerable wheel. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur est solidarisé à un vérin de direction du chariot.Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuator is secured to a steering cylinder of the carriage. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur est solidarisé à un support ou pivot de roue directriceDevice according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuator is secured to a support or steerable wheel pivot Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage comporte une valve de réduction de la pression de pilotage de la transmission hydrostatique du chariot.Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the system limiting the maximum forward speed as a function of the steering angle comprises a valve for reducing the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite valve de réduction de pression de pilotage est une valve à poussoir coopérant avec un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage du chariot.Device according to claim 10, characterized in that said pilot pressure reduction valve is a push valve cooperating with an actuator linked to the steering angle of the carriage. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la pression de pilotage diminue en fonction de la sortie du poussoir de la valve de réduction de pression de pilotageDevice according to claim 11, characterized in that the pilot pressure decreases as a function of the outlet of the pusher from the pilot pressure reduction valve
EP03290757A 2002-03-29 2003-03-26 Variable reach lift truck with three wheels Expired - Lifetime EP1348668B1 (en)

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FR0204044A FR2837809B1 (en) 2002-03-29 2002-03-29 LIFT TRUCK WITH VARIABLE RANGE WITH THREE WHEELS
FR0204044 2002-03-29

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EP (1) EP1348668B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE443685T1 (en)
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DE60329347D1 (en) 2009-11-05
US20030226705A1 (en) 2003-12-11
FR2837809A1 (en) 2003-10-03
EP1348668B1 (en) 2009-09-23
US7121372B2 (en) 2006-10-17
FR2837809B1 (en) 2004-11-12
ATE443685T1 (en) 2009-10-15

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