EP1347120B1 - Shuttering set with mounting and releasing device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a formwork according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a formwork has become known by a Framax Ausschalelement the company Doka Industrie GmbH, Amstetten (AT).

In the known Ausschalelement is a special element for stripping inner shafts, such as a lift shaft to be concreted. With the known Ausschalelement it is possible to implement the entire formwork for a completed concreting. After a completed concreting process The shuttering element connected to the formwork elements are pulled together via a construction winch. If a cross-sectionally square or rectangular inner shaft is to be concreted, then after the walls to be concreted, the formwork elements are contracted on all four insides, and the overall form is reduced so much in scope that they as a whole unit, for example via a Kranspiel from the concrete shaft section can be lifted out.

If the known inner shaft shuttering should be turned off, the entire adhesion of the shuttering elements, with which they adhere to the concrete wall, must be overcome abruptly on each inner side. This large force peaks occur that must be applied and overcome with the construction winds. The shuttering material used is heavily loaded when reducing the known inner shaft shuttering in overcoming the static friction in the transition to the sliding friction. The shuttering material to be reduced is moved parallel to a concrete wall.

The CH 529 277 A discloses a Kem formwork for a concrete masonry with two formwork elements and a compensation element. The compensating element is attached to a hinge, and the formwork elements are hinged together via the hinge. For stripping a molded by means of the core formwork concrete wall, the formwork elements are folded by means of the hinge, whereby it is detached from the concrete wall. At the same time, the compensating element, which seals a gap between the formwork elements when it is turned on, is detached from the concrete wall.

The DE 28 15 846 A1 discloses an adjustable steel formwork, eg for tunneling. This steel formwork has two formwork elements and a compensation element which is arranged between the formwork elements. The steel formwork is for concreting a concave Surface formed. The two formwork elements are connected via telescopic connections against each other.

In another, known from the prior art shaft formwork (Meva), the inner shaft formwork, for example in a square cross section of the shaft, eight hinged corners, which claim to contract the inner shaft formwork after a completed concreting star-shaped (to reduce). About struts (for example, threaded spindles), the inner shaft formwork is increased to a concreting and stabilized, and stripping the entire inner shaft formwork is contracted star-shaped and thus reduced, so that the inner shaft formwork can be pulled out with a Kranspiel from the concrete shaft. Trained with numerous joints inner shaft formwork can reach the Ausschalungsposition with less effort, because the shuttering elements are peeled off the concrete walls step by step. The overall construction of the known articulated inner shaft formwork, however, is more expensive than the former known from the prior art inner shaft formwork, and design, can be nailed to the largely existing metal inner shaft formwork only in a few areas, such as a Halfen anchor rail. In the reduced state of the articulated inner shaft formwork, the corner hinges have a rigid contact with the concrete corners of the inner shaft and the required alignment struts must be adapted to the respective shaft sizes to be concreted.

The object of the invention is to simplify the known devices in handling, so that with little effort a formwork quickly increased or decreased, i. can be turned off and that force peaks during stripping, which act on the formwork elements, can be avoided.

This object is solved by the subject matters of the claims. Dependent claims represent preferred embodiments.

In the device according to the invention, the compensating element and / or the adjacent formwork element has third means which at least partially traverse the formwork surface of the first and / or second formwork element behind the formwork surface of the compensating element when the compensation element is moved into a stripping position. The compensating element and / or the adjacent formwork element have fourth means which contract the first and / or second formwork element behind the formwork surface of the bleaching element when the compensating element is moved into a stripping position, and the compensating element and / or the adjacent formwork element have means which are used in the method of the compensation element in one Einschalposition relative to the first and / or second formwork element, the method or the formwork elements diverge into a planned formwork position.

The device according to the invention thus has the significant advantage that the entire formwork surface is flat and can be constructed of formwork elements having a formwork skin made of wood. Thus, for example, a Hal fen rail can be completely flat in several places be nailed up. When stripping the entire formwork according to the invention, if it is an inner shaft formwork, over a chain suspension by means of a crane from the inner walls of the concrete shaft replace by the compensating elements, for example, four compensating elements in a square in cross-section shaft, simultaneously lifts. The formwork elements are peeled off from the concreted walls by the lifting operation in a first stripping step and contracted so far in a second stripping step that the entire inner shaft formwork according to the invention can be lifted out of the concreted shaft section.

If the inner shaft formwork according to the invention is reduced in size, it is still resiliently in contact with the concreted walls of the inner shaft via contact surfaces of the compensating elements and can therefore be lifted out of the concrete shaft section. The compensating element and / or the adjacent formwork element preferably have first means which, when the compensating element moves into a stripping position, move the formwork surface of the compensating element behind the formwork surface of the first and / or second formwork element, and the compensating element and / or the adjacent formwork element Shuttering element have second means which move the scarfing surface of the compensating element into the plane of the scarfing surface of the first and / or second formwork element when the compensation element is moved into a stripping position.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the compensating element is columnar with along its axial extension having a plurality of apertures extending transversely to the axial extent formed and has, pointing to the formwork surface, the trained scarf surface, and on the opposite surface of the scarf surface, the compensating element has a plurality of superimposed Openings, for example, for the engagement of a tool on.

This has the advantage that the compensation element rests only over a small width of the wall to be concreted. It can thus be peeled from the concrete wall with little effort, i.e., peeled off, torn off. Furthermore, it is necessary to bridge with a Halfen rail only a small flat surface, which spans between two adjacent formwork elements to which the Halfen rail can be attached. The scarf surface of the compensating element, if made of metal, is not suitable for nailing. About the breakthrough openings, the compensation element can be firmly connected to adjacent formwork elements, and formed on the back of the compensating element openings allow, if necessary, to move the compensating elements by means of hoisting relative to the formwork elements, if this is not already possible by the force of gravity itself is.

The device according to the invention can also be used in vaults or wherever formworks have to be reduced or enlarged.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the breakthrough openings are formed as slot-like slide guides, which are each penetrated by a tube which is guided on both sides of the compensating element in each case displaceable in a housing which is fixedly connected to the adjacent formwork elements, in addition to the housing and the compensation element Linkage is articulated.

This has the advantage that, by an axially aligned displacement movement of the compensating element relative to the formwork or the formwork elements, depending on the design of the backdrop contour, the compensating element can be moved more or less strongly against the formwork or elements along the scenery transverse to the axial extent of the compensating element. If, for example, in an inner shaft formwork, the compensation element with coupled Raised formwork elements, the backdrop of the compensating element moves from a first end position (switched state, the concreting process can begin) on stationary pipe in a second end position (all shuttering elements are detached from a concrete wall and spaced therefrom) the backdrop and can the compensating element depending after training, shaping and length of the backdrop in relation to the formwork elements or vice versa transversely to the direction of the increase.

If the formwork elements are supported on the concreted surface, then the compensating element can be detached from the concreted surface via a suitably configured recess formation, and it assumes a position spaced apart from the concreted surface. The scarf surface of the compensating element is spaced in this position from the concrete surface.

Pressing the lifting of the compensating element, the scarfing surface of the compensating element on the concrete surface, because the backdrop for stationary attached to the or the formwork elements pipe is designed accordingly, the adjoining the compensating element formwork elements of the concrete surface step by step, depending on the lifting height of Compensating elements are peeled off. The extent of the peeled surface of the shuttering or the formwork elements is determined by the length of the sliding recess, seen in the vertical direction.

If the gate is in the second end position, in which the compensating element can no longer be displaced with respect to the tube fastened to the formwork element or elements, then the formwork element (s) which are connected to the compensating element is also raised when the compensating element is raised further , Therefore, even before it is raised by raising the compensating element associated shuttering elements, a contraction of the shuttering elements in the direction to the respective compensation element. In this case, takes place in this movement a perfect detachment of the formwork elements of the concrete surface. The shuttering surfaces of the formwork elements are peeled off the concrete surface and then pulled together via the articulated linkage behind the compensating element. The scarf surfaces of the formwork elements are set back when contraction against the scarf surface of the compensating element. Force peaks to overcome large adhesive forces between the formwork elements and the concrete surface are avoided because before scaling down or the process of formwork elements in a slightly inclined direction to the concrete surface, the formwork elements have been peeled either completely or predominantly already from the concrete surface.

Preferably, the linkage when moving the compensating element is designed in a stripping position such that the formwork or the shuttering elements are only contracted when the formwork or the shuttering elements have been peeled off over at least 40% of their Schalfläche of the concrete surface. With this measure, a simple stripping of formwork elements can be achieved, and when contraction of the formwork elements no significant adhesive forces must be overcome, which could be present between concrete wall and the formwork elements.

Furthermore, a tab with a passage opening is preferably provided at the upper end of a compensating element. This has the advantage that in an inner shaft formwork, the compensation elements can be easily moved via a chain hanger by means of a crane. Likewise, several compensating elements, which are arranged one above the other, can be connected to one another via this tab. By this measure, higher concreting sections can be accomplished.

According to the invention, to create a square or rectangular inner shaft, an inner shaft formwork consisting of four Eckschalungselementen that are connected to other formwork elements, each connect approximately centrally of a shaft wall to be concreted to a compensation element, so that, in each case opposite, four compensation elements are arranged formed.

This has the advantage that with a chain hanger over a crane all four compensation elements when stripping an inner shaft formwork can be raised simultaneously and when lifting both the scarf surfaces are detached from the compensating elements of the concrete surface, as well as the peeling of the scarf surfaces of the formwork elements, the corner formwork elements and reducing or contracting the shuttering surfaces to a smaller extent which creates a gap between the shuttering surfaces and the respective concrete wall. The compensating elements still resiliently touch the concrete surface, so that the entire inner shaft formwork can be raised on all sides.

The articulation and / or the connection of the housing with the adjacent formwork elements have so much play that when completely shut off the formwork elements with the compensating elements, seen from one formwork corner to the other formwork corner, slightly concave inwards, based on the newly concreted surface, can bend. Thus, the inner shaft formwork according to the invention, slightly yielding under pressure, can be implemented.

It is understood that in connection with the inner shaft formwork according to the invention, an outer shaft formwork for creating a shaft must be set up, which can be constructed in a known manner. If, in the device according to the invention, the compensation element is displaced relative to an adjacent formwork element, these displacements bring about arrangement displacements of the compensation elements or of the formwork elements with respect to one another on a plane through which the scarf surfaces of the compensating elements and the formwork elements are formed. The scarf surfaces of the compensating elements and the formwork elements can lie in these displacements in a plane or be offset from one another.

It is understood that the inventive concept with the input and Ausschalvorrichtung can also be completely solved by first peels off the adjacent formwork elements of the concrete surface and pulls together in a Ausschalvorgang and thereby lifts the entire device. This is possible because the surface adhering via the compensating element to the concrete surface is opposite the surfaces adhering via the formwork elements to the concrete surface.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Draufsicht in Anwendung als Schachtschalung im eingeschalten Zustand;

Fig. 2

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Fig. 1 im Bereich II mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausgleichselement;

Fig. 3

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Draufsicht in Anwendung als Schachtschalung im ausgeschalten Zustand;

Fig. 4

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Fig. 3 im Bereich IV mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausgleichselement;

Fig. 5

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem Ausgleichselement und einem damit verbundenen ersten und zweiten Schalungselement in Rückansicht, wobei das Ausgleichselement in der eingeschalten Stellung gezeigt ist;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung von Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem Ausgleichselement und einem ersten und zweiten Schalungselement in Rückansicht, wobei das Ausgleichselement eine teilweise ausgeschalte Stellung zeigt, in der die Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements von der betonierten Fläche beabstandet ist und die Schalflächen des ersten und zweiten Schalungselements an der betonierten Fläche anliegen;

Fig. 8

eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung von Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem Ausgleichselement und einem ersten und zweiten Schalungselement in Rückansicht, wobei das Ausgleichselement die vollkommen ausgeschalte Stellung zeigt, in der hinter der Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements die Schalungselemente zusammengezogen und die Schalflächen der Schalungselemente gegenüber der Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements zurückversetzt sind;

Fig.10

eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung von Fig. 9;

Fig.11

eine Funktionsdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht mit stark schematisierten Darstellungen einer betonierten Wand, eines Ausgleichselements und einem ersten und zweiten Schalungselement im eingeschalten Zustand;

Fig.12

eine Funktionsdarstellung wie in Fig. 11 mit beginnendem Ausschalungsvorgang, wobei die Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements von der betonierten Fläche abgelöst ist;

Fig.13

eine Funktionsdarstellung wie in Fig. 11 mit einem sich an Fig. 12 anschließenden Ausschalungsvorgang, wobei sich die Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements auf der betonierten Fläche abstützt und die ersten und zweiten Schalungselemente von der betonierten Wand wegdrückt;

Fig.14

eine Funktionsdarstellung wie in Fig. 11 mit einem sich an Fig. 13 anschließenden Ausschalungsvorgang, wobei die Schalflächen der ersten und zweiten Schalungselemente von der betonierten Fläche abgeschält und beabstandet sind;

Fig.15

eine Funktionsdarstellung wie in Fig. 11 mit einem sich an Fig. 14 anschließenden Ausschalungsvorgang, wobei die ersten und zweiten Schalungselemente hinter der Schalfläche des Ausgleichselements zusammengezogen sind;

Fig.16

einen Ausschnitt aus einer Seitenansicht eines Ausgleichselements im Bereich einer von mehreren Durchbruchsöffnungen mit der Ausgestaltung einer von vielen möglichen Kulissenkonturen.

Further advantages will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and those listed further in accordance with the invention can each be used individually or in any desired combinations with one another. The mentioned embodiments are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have exemplary character. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1

a device according to the invention in plan view in use as shaft formwork in the on state;

Fig. 2

an excerpt from Fig. 1 in area II with a compensating element according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a device according to the invention in plan view in use as shaft formwork in the off state;

Fig. 4

an excerpt from Fig. 3 in area IV with a compensating element according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a device according to the invention with a compensation element and a first and second shuttering element connected thereto in rear view, wherein the compensation element is shown in the on position;

Fig. 6

a plan view of an inventive device of Fig. 5 ;

Fig. 7

a device according to the invention with a compensation element and a first and second formwork element in rear view, wherein the compensation element shows a partially switched-off position in which the scarfing surface of the compensating element is spaced from the concrete surface and the scarfing surfaces of the first and second formwork element abut the concrete surface;

Fig. 8

a plan view of the inventive device of Fig. 7 ;

Fig. 9

a device according to the invention with a compensating element and a first and second shuttering element in rear view, wherein the compensating element shows the completely switched-off position, in the behind the shuttering surface of the compensating element, the shuttering elements contracted and the shuttering surfaces of the shuttering elements are set back relative to the shuttering surface of the compensating element;

Figure 10

a plan view of the inventive device of Fig. 9 ;

Figure 11

a functional representation of the device according to the invention in plan view with highly schematic representations a concrete wall, a compensating element and a first and second formwork element in the on state;

Figure 12

a functional representation as in Fig. 11 with beginning Ausschalungsvorgang, the Schalfläche of the compensating element is detached from the concrete surface;

Figure 13

a functional representation as in Fig. 11 with one on Fig. 12 subsequent Ausschalungsvorgang, wherein the scarfing surface of the compensating element is supported on the concrete surface and pushes the first and second formwork elements of the concrete wall;

Figure 14

a functional representation as in Fig. 11 with one on Fig. 13 subsequent Ausschalungsvorgang, wherein the scarf surfaces of the first and second shuttering elements peeled off from the concrete surface and spaced;

Figure 15

a functional representation as in Fig. 11 with one on Fig. 14 subsequent Ausschalungsvorgang, wherein the first and second formwork elements are contracted behind the scarf surface of the compensating element;

Figure 16

a detail of a side view of a compensating element in the region of one of a plurality of openings breakthrough with the configuration of one of many possible backdrop contours.

The figure description shows exemplary embodiments in which the device according to the invention is used as inner shaft shuttering. As a front view in this context, all elements are defined so that they show the Schalfläche.

Fig. 1 shows at 10 a shaft formwork in plan view, which is composed of an outer shaft formwork 11 and an inner shaft formwork 12. The viewing direction for the front view is indicated by the reference numeral 13, and the reference numeral 14, the viewing direction for the rear view is given. The outer shaft formwork 11 is held together by tie rods 15 with the inner shaft formwork 12. The anchor rods 15 are guided between the outer shaft formwork 11 and the inner shaft formwork 12 in sheaths 16. Fig. 1 shows the shaft formwork 10 in the on state, in which the outer shaft formwork 11 with the inner shaft formwork 12 defines a free space 17, which can be filled with reinforcement material and concrete.

The outer shaft formwork 11 is composed of formwork elements 18, which are held together by turnbuckles 19 rigid.

The inner shaft formwork 12 is composed of corner formwork elements 20, first formwork elements 21, second formwork elements 22 and compensating elements 23. The formwork elements of the inner shaft formwork 12 are also rigidly connected to each other via turnbuckles 19, and the compensation elements 23 are fixedly connected to the adjacent first and second formwork elements 21, 22 via a housing which is part of the compensation elements 23 and will be described in more detail below.

With II a section of the shaft formwork 10 is narrow-dashed delimited in Fig. 2 is shown enlarged.

Fig. 2 shows a section II Fig. 1 in an enlarged view. From the outer shaft formwork 11 parts of the formwork elements 18 are shown, which are held together by a turnbuckle 19. The viewing directions for a front view and for a rear view are indicated by the reference numerals 13 and 14. Through the formwork elements 18 therethrough an anchor rod 15 is guided over which the outer shaft formwork 11 is held together with the inner shaft formwork 12. The anchor rod 15 is guided in the free space 17 in a cladding tube 16 and penetrates on the side of the inner shaft formwork 12, the compensation element 23rd

The compensating element 23 is fixedly connected to the first shuttering element 21 and the second shuttering element 22 via a housing 24. On the housing 24, a first linkage 25 is formed, and on the compensating element 23, a second linkage 26 is provided, and a linkage 27 connects the two linkages 25, 26 hinged together. In the housing 24, which is formed on both sides of the compensating element 23, a tube 28 is held, against which the housing 24 can move over the rod 27.

The first formwork element 21 forms a formwork surface 29, the second formwork element 22 forms a formwork surface 30 and the compensation element 23 has a formwork surface 31, wherein the formwork surfaces 29, 30, 31 form a flat surface, a formwork surface, when they are turned on a surface to be concreted borders.

If the compensating element 23 is pulled out of the plane of the drawing via a tab 33, into which, for example, a crane hook can engage, then the tube 28 can extend longitudinally in the slot-shaped through-opening 32 the breakthrough opening 32 are moved. During this movement, the first and second shuttering elements 21, 22 remain stationary for the time being, until the pipe 28 moves into an intermediate position of the slot-shaped opening 32, if the detachment process of the shuttering elements 21, 22 is initiated by the concreted surface.

Fig. 3 shows the shaft formwork 10 in the off state. A concrete shaft section 34 has been created. The cladding tubes were removed and the compensating elements 23 were raised so much out of the plane of the drawing that they could completely detach the inner shaft formwork 12 from the adjacent concreted surface 35. The inner shaft formwork 12 has contracted so much by lifting the compensating elements in arrow directions 36, ie, reduced, that a gap 37 between the concrete surface 35 and the shell surfaces 29, 30 is formed, which is also formed in the corner formwork elements 20. With IV dot-dashed a section is circled in Fig. 4 is described.

Fig. 4 shows a section of the outer shaft formwork 11 and the inner shaft shutter 12 in an enlarged view of Fig. 3 in area IV.

Of the concrete shaft section 34, the formwork elements 21, 22 are spaced over the gap 37. The compensating element 23 still touches on the scarf surface 31, the concreted surface 35 and the scarf surfaces 29, 30 are set back relative to the scarf surface 31. The compensating element 23 has been lifted out of the plane of the drawing so much that the linkage 27 has moved the housings 24, which are fixedly connected to the formwork elements 21, 22, in the directions of the arrows 38.

Fig. 5 shows the input and Ausschalvorrichtung invention with a compensating element 23 which is connected to a shuttering element 21 and a shuttering element 22. The rear view shows the structure of the shuttering elements 21, 22 and the compensating element 23 in a simplified representation. The compensating element 23 is shown in the position of the switched-on state, ie, the formwork elements 21, 22 are used close to the edges of the scarf surface 31 of the compensating element 23. The linkage 27 is in a position in which it apart the housing 24 along the tubes 28 and then contracts that in Fig. 6 shown Schalflächen 29, 30, 31 flush, tight and just against each other. At the upper end of the compensating element 23, the tab 33 is shown, over which the compensating element 23 can be raised. When switched on, the compensation element 23 is on the same ground in the same level height, as the shuttering elements 21, 22. On a rear side 40 of the shuttering surface 31, the punctiform ramps 39 can be seen. About this ramps 39, the formwork elements 21, 22 are moved to the concreting position. On the surface of the compensating element 23 are arranged one above the other openings 41 for the engagement of tools, with which one can move the compensating element 23 in the position shown in the figure, provided that the weight of the compensating element 23 should not be sufficient.
Furthermore, hereby the compensation element 23 can be manually brought into a Ausschalposition.

Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of Fig. 5 in plan view, and it can be seen that the housing 24 have been moved on the compensation element 23 via the linkage 27 into a position in which the shuttering element 21, the shuttering element 22 and the compensating element 23 via their scarf surfaces 29, 30, 31 flush and close to each other.

Fig. 7 shows the compensating element 23 and the associated shuttering elements 21, 22 at the beginning of a formwork. The compensating element 23 was lifted slightly above the tab 33 with respect to the formwork elements 21, 22 in the direction of arrow 42 against gravity. The position of the linkage 27 on the housings 24 has changed, but without moving the housing 24 relative to the tube 28. The linkage 27 and the attachment of the housing 24 to the formwork elements 21, 22 have such a great game that with the in the Fig. 7 shown position of the compensating element 23 a shift of the formwork elements 21, 22 in the horizontal direction can not be done.

In Fig. 8 that the in Fig. 7 shows elements shown in plan view, it can be seen that the compensation element 23 is set back relative to the scarf surfaces 29, 30 in the direction of arrow 43. By lifting the compensating element 23, the scarf surface 31 has been detached from a surface not to be concreted in the figure, and in the position shown by Fig. 8 is the scarf surface 31 opposite to the plane, as formed by the scarf surface 29, 30, set back.

Fig. 9 shows the input and Ausschalvorrichtung invention with the compensation element 23 and the associated shuttering elements 21, 22 in the fully off state. The compensating element 23 has been further raised by means of the tab 33 in the direction of arrow 44, so that the linkage 27, the housing 24, which are fixedly connected to the formwork elements 21, 22 via bolt connections, for example, move towards each other in arrow directions 45. The housings 24 completely obscure the tube running in the housings 24, it is no longer recognizable. The formwork elements 21, 22 are contracted, they have been reduced in combination with the compensating element 23 in its entire width extension.

Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of the compensating element 23 with the shuttering elements 21, 22 of Fig. 9 in plan view. At the concrete surface 35 is still loose and resilient the scarf surface 31 of the compensating element 23. The scarf surfaces 29, 30 of the first and second formwork element 21, 22 are set back relative to the concrete surface 35 and the scarf surface 31. The housing 24 have been moved with the shuttering elements 21, 22 to the side surfaces of the compensating element 23 by the compensating element 23 has been further raised against its gravity.

In the FIGS. 11 to 15 is again the functional sequence of the input and Ausschalvorrichtung invention shown in a highly schematic manner on a concrete wall portion 46. Shuttering elements 47, 48 and a compensating element 49 are flush with their scarfing surfaces on the immediately adjacent concrete surface. At the beginning of the Ausschalvorgangs the compensation element 49 is moved so that it recedes relative to the concrete surface and peels off the concrete surface. For this purpose, the formwork elements 47, 48 are pressed in the direction of arrow to the concrete surface 46. The compensating element 49 moves in the direction of the arrow counter to the direction of force with which the shuttering elements 47, 48 abut the concrete surface 46 ( Fig. 12 ). In a next movement during the shuttering, the compensating element 49 again moves to the concrete surface 46, is supported there and presses the shuttering elements 47, 48 in the direction of the indicated force arrows ( Fig. 13 ). In this movement sequence, the formwork elements 47, 48 are peeled off the concreted surface 46, so that the formwork elements 47, 48 no longer adhere to the concreted surface 46.

During the movement during the shuttering in Fig. 14 the final state after the peeling process is shown. The compensating element 49 is still on the concrete surface 46, while the shuttering elements 47, 48 are peeled off completely from the concrete surface 46. Will the compensation element 49, as Fig. 15 shows, proceed even further from the drawing sheet out, the formwork elements 47, 48 contracted behind the compensation element 49 in the direction of the arrow. The spread of the arrangement, consisting of a shuttering element 47, a compensating element 49 and a shuttering element 48, has become smaller. At the same time, the shuttering elements 47, 48 are completely detached from the concreted surface 46, and the compensating element 49 is still in contact with the concreted surface 46 with a resilient contact.

Fig. 16 shows a section of a compensating element in the region of an aperture 32, which is penetrated by a tube 28, the two ends is guided in each case in a housing which is fixedly connected to adjacent formwork elements. The breakthrough opening 32 is designed as a slightly inclined slot with a slide contour 51. In the region of the link contour, a side surface reinforcement 52 is formed, so that the compensation element can absorb larger forces in this area. The tube 28 is shown in a first position in the breakthrough opening 32 in which the scarf surface 31 is detached from the concrete surface and the immediately adjacent scarf surfaces of the formwork elements still rest against the concrete surface. If the compensating element is raised further in the direction of the arrow 53, the tube 28 moves into a position 28 in which the compensating element is moved back onto the concrete surface via the scarf surface 31, and the scarf surface 31 rests on the concrete surface. In the drawn with 28 'position of the tube adjacent to a compensating element formwork elements are not yet contracted. Only after further lifting of the compensating element in the direction of arrow 53, the adjacent formwork elements are pulled towards each other, and the tube moves to a position 28 ". In the position of the tube in the end position 28" the Ausschalungsvorgang is completely complete. The formwork elements have contracted so far that they can be pulled out of a shaft.

A compensating element 23 is fixedly connected to a first formwork element 21 and a second formwork element 22, wherein the compensation element 23 laterally along its axial extent slot-like openings 32, which are each penetrated by a tube 28, in each case a housing 24 on both sides of the compensating element 23 ends. The housing 24 are displaceable along the tube 28 and movable via a linkage 27. If the compensating element 23 is displaced into a stripping position, the compensating element 23 first separates from the concreted surface and Subsequently, the compensating elements 23 sets in a further displacement of the compensating element 23 via the scarf surface 31 again to the concreted surface and peels at a further displacement of the compensating element 23, the formwork elements 21, 22 from the concrete surface, so that neither the compensating element 23, nor the shuttering elements 21, 22 adhere to the concrete surface. If the shuttering elements 21, 22 and the compensating element 23 are free from adhering to the concreted surface, the shuttering elements 21, 22 directly adjoining the compensating element 23 are contracted behind the shuttering surface 31 of the compensating element 33 in a further displacement operation of the compensating element 23. In this state, the first and second shuttering elements 21, 22 are spaced from the concrete surface, and the balancing element 23 abuts against the concrete surface via a resilient contact. If the first and second shuttering elements 21, 22 are brought into a switch-on position via the device according to the invention, the compensating element 23 is displaced against the displacement into a disengaging position, and the shuttering elements 21, 22 directly adjoining the compensating element 23 are moved over the run-on slope 39 abgleitend pressed apart so far that they form a formwork level, which is composed of the scarf surfaces 29, 30 and 31. In this position (see Fig. 6 ), the formwork elements 21, 22 pulled by the linkage 27 again close to the edges of the scarf surface 31 of the compensating element 23.

Claims (7)

1. Formwork comprising a first and a second formwork element (21, 22, 47, 48) and a device for mounting and dismantling the formwork elements (21, 22; 47, 48), consisting of a compensating element (23; 49) which is connected to the first and the second formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) and has means for forcing apart the first and the second formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) over a certain distance, or pulling them towards one another over a certain distance during lifting the compensating element into a formwork dismantling position, and wherein formwork surfaces (29, 30) of the formwork elements (21, 22) and a formwork surface (31) of the compensating element (23) form a flat formwork surface in the mounted state of the formwork,
   characterized in that
   the compensating element (23; 49) and/or the bordering formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) have third means which, during lifting the compensating element (23; 49) into a formwork dismantling position, move the formwork surfaces (29; 30) of the two formwork elements (21, 22) at least partially into a position behind the formwork surface (31) of the compensating element (23) spaced apart from a concreted surface (35; 46) in that the formwork surface (31) of the compensating element (23; 49) is supported on the concreted surface (35),
   the compensating element (23; 49) and/or the bordering formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) comprise fourth means which pull together the formwork elements (21; 22) towards one another behind the formwork surface (31) of the compensating element (23) located in the plane of the formwork surface during lifting the compensating element (23; 49) into a formwork dismantling position,
   the compensating element (23; 49) and/or the bordering formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) have means which move the formwork element(s) (21, 22; 47, 48) apart into a designated formwork position during movement of the compensating element (23; 49) into a formwork mounting position relative to the first and/or second formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48).
2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensating element (23; 49) and/or the bordering formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) comprise first means which move the formwork surface (29, 30) of the first and/or second formwork element (21, 22) oriented towards the formwork plane during movement of the compensating element (23; 49) into a formwork dismantling position, and
   the compensating element (23, 49) and/or the bordering formwork element (21, 22; 47, 48) comprise second means which move the formwork surface (31) of the compensating element (23) into the plane of the formwork surface (29, 30) of the first and/or second formwork element (21, 22) during movement of the compensating element (23; 49) into a formwork dismantling position.
3. Formwork according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compensating element (23; 49) has the shape of a pillar with a plurality of openings (32) provided along its axial extension and comprises the formed formwork surface (31) oriented towards the formwork plane, wherein a plurality of openings (41) arranged on top of each other are provided on the surface opposite to the formwork surface (31), e.g. for engagement of a tool.
4. Formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that the openings (32) are formed as crank guidances having the shape of elongated holes, wherein each opening is penetrated by a tube (28), each tube being displaceably guided in a housing (24) on both sides of the compensating element (23), wherein the housing is rigidly connected to the bordering formwork elements (21, 22) and wherein a rod assembly (27) is hinged to the housing (24) and to the compensating element (23).
5. Formwork according to claim 4, characterized in that the rod assembly (27) is designed such that, during movement of the compensating element (23) into a formwork dismantling position, the formwork element(s) (21, 22) is/are pulled together only when the formwork element(s) (21, 22) have been peeled off from the concreted surface (35) over at least 40 % of their formwork surface.
6. Formwork according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a bracket (33) having an opening is provided at the upper end of a compensating element (23).
7. Formwork according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for providing a square or rectangular inner shaft, an inner shaft formwork (12) is formed of four corner formwork elements (20) which are connected to further formwork elements (21, 22) which each join a compensating element (23) approximately in the center of a shaft wall to be concreted such that four mutually opposite compensating elements (23) are disposed.

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