EP1342115A2 - Lichtwellenleiterkabel und verfahren zum übertragen von optischen signalen, insbesondere nach der wellenlängenmultiplextechnik - Google Patents
Lichtwellenleiterkabel und verfahren zum übertragen von optischen signalen, insbesondere nach der wellenlängenmultiplextechnikInfo
- Publication number
- EP1342115A2 EP1342115A2 EP01984704A EP01984704A EP1342115A2 EP 1342115 A2 EP1342115 A2 EP 1342115A2 EP 01984704 A EP01984704 A EP 01984704A EP 01984704 A EP01984704 A EP 01984704A EP 1342115 A2 EP1342115 A2 EP 1342115A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- type
- section
- fiber cable
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02266—Positive dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
- G02B6/29374—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
- G02B6/29376—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
- G02B6/29377—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties controlling dispersion around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/2525—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres
- H04B10/25253—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres with dispersion management, i.e. using a combination of different kind of fibres in the transmission system
Definitions
- Light wave cable and method for the transmission of optical signals in particular according to the wavelength-tiplex technique
- the invention relates to an optical fiber cable, in particular for the transmission of optical signals according to the wavelength multiplex technique.
- the invention further relates to a method for transmitting optical signals, in which such an optical fiber cable is used.
- optical fibers are increasingly being used for the transmission of data.
- the optical fibers usually made of glass fiber or plastic, are largely insensitive to electromagnetic interference and are also characterized by very high transmission rates of up to several Gbit / s.
- An optical waveguide is made of a thin, cylindrical fiber made of a very transparent, dielectric material, such as doped quartz glass (SiO 2 ), the so-called core glass, a cladding surrounding it, the so-called cladding gias, and a generally protective or two-layer coating, the so-called primary coating.
- An optical fiber cable is composed of one or more optical fibers, which are covered by a common cable sheath made of usually plastic, the so-called secondary coating, which additionally protects the optical fibers from mechanical, thermal and chemical influences during installation and operation.
- the data present are converted into an optical signal, that is to say a light beam of a certain wavelength, for transmission by means of an optical waveguide through an optical transmitter, for example a laser diode.
- the light beam thus modulated with the data to be transmitted takes its way through the optical waveguide by being totally reflected at the boundary layer between the core glass and cladding glass when the light is coupled into the optical waveguide below a certain angle, the acceptance angle. In this way, the light beam also follows curvatures of the optical waveguide.
- the core glass and the cladding glass are made of materials which have different optical densities.
- the transmission of the optical signal by means of an optical waveguide is based on an amplitude, frequency or phase modulation of a light beam of a certain wavelength.
- WDM wavelength division multiplexing
- An optical coupling element, the so-called wavelength multiplexer bundles the different wavelengths to form a wavelength division multiplex signal, which is then transmitted via the optical waveguide to the receiving location and there is again divided into the individual optical signals by a wavelength demultiplexer, for example a filter.
- the wavelength division multiplex technology is suitable for both unidirectional and bidirectional operation and usually uses wavelengths in optical windows at 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm.
- the optical fibers can be divided into single-mode fibers (single-mode fibers) and multimode fibers.
- the diameter of the core glass is in the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the light, so that only a single mode, the so-called basic mode, can propagate in the core glass.
- the mode also radiates beyond the core glass into the cladding glass.
- the mode field diameter which indicates the height at which the field amplitude of the light beam has dropped to 1 / e times (approx. 37%) of its maximum value, is therefore used to identify the light distribution of a mode.
- the multimode fibers With multimode fibers, on the other hand, several discrete light waves, which differ primarily in the field distribution and the propagation speed, contribute to the signal transmission.
- the multimode fibers can be subdivided into stepped profile fibers in which the core glass and cladding glass have a constant refractive index, and gradient profile fibers in which the refractive index of the core glass decreases towards the outside.
- the light does not propagate in parallel in the axial direction of the optical waveguide, but is between the core glass and Sheathed glass reflects. As a result, there is a zigzag movement and the individual modes cover different distances.
- the transmission capacity of an optical waveguide is mainly characterized by the wavelength-dependent attenuation, that is to say the energy loss of the light beam in the course of a transmission path due to scattering and absorption.
- amplifiers such as fiber optic amplifiers or regenerating repeaters are therefore often used at certain intervals.
- the power that can be fed into an optical waveguide is limited by the occurrence of non-linearities, such as the so-called four-wave mixing.
- the power upper limit characterized by the occurrence of these nonlinear disturbances can be increased by reducing the power density of the optical waveguide, for example by increasing the diameter of the core glass, and by providing a dispersion in the transmission band that avoids the accumulation of the nonlinear disturbances. This increase is limited, however, by the fact that an excessively high dispersion causes a linear expansion of the signals which are usually to be transmitted at a bit rate of 10 Gbit / s per wavelength over a 60 to 80 km long transmission path.
- NZDS fibers non-zero dispersion shiftable fibers
- the disadvantage here is an increased attenuation of, for example, 0.23 dB / km in comparison to conventional monomode fibers, which generally have an attenuation of approximately 0.20 dB / km.
- the invention has for its object to provide an optical fiber cable with which a non-linearity-avoiding dispersion can be achieved in a simple manner with relatively low attenuation.
- a method for transmitting optical signals is to be provided, in which such an optical fiber cable is used.
- an optical waveguide cable in particular for transmitting optical signals using wavelength division multiplexing, is proposed with at least a first section which has fibers of a first type and at least a second section which has fibers of a second type, the fibers of the of the first type are connected to the fibers of the second type at at least one transition point between the first and second sections, and the fibers of the first type have a larger mode field diameter and a higher dispersion than the fibers of the second type.
- An optical fiber cable designed in this way adopts the knowledge that undesirable non-linearities predominantly occur in an area of an optical fiber that adjoins the transmitter or amplifier that feeds the optical signal with high power.
- the reason for this is that due to the unavoidable attenuation that occurs with optical fibers, there is a loss of power which, after a certain transmission path, reduces the power of the input signal is reduced in such a way that the occurrence of non-linearities becomes negligible. For example, with a relatively low attenuation of an optical waveguide of only 0.2 dB / km, attenuation of a total of 3 dB to 6 dB already results after 15 to 30 km, which significantly reduces the power of the fed-in signal.
- the first section which has fibers of a first type with a comparatively large mode field diameter and a relatively high dispersion, provides a high-level fiber, by means of which the occurrence of non-linearities in the area characterized by a still comparatively high power of the fed-in signal prevented after a transmitter or amplifier.
- the second section the fibers of a second type designed as low-level fibers with a smaller, nominally normal mode field diameter and a lower dispersion, makes it possible, from the point of the transmission path at which the non-linearities are negligible, for high bit rates to be transmitted cheap dispersion is present.
- optical waveguide cable according to the invention is thus composed of only two sections in unidirectional operation and only three in a two-way operation and is therefore comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.
- the fibers of the first type designed as high-level fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm have a mode field diameter of more than 8 ⁇ m and the fibers of the second type designed as low-level fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm have a mode field diameter of have more than 6 ⁇ m.
- the mode field diameter of the fibers of the second type is less than 3 ⁇ m smaller than the mode field diameter of the fibers of the first type.
- the dispersion of the fibers of the first type designed as high-level fiber in a transmission band from 1525 nm to 1625 nm between 12 ps / (nm * km) and 22 ps / (nm * km) and the dispersion of the fibers of the second type designed as low-level fibers in a transmission band from 1525 nm to 1625 nm is between 0 ps / (nm * km) and 12 ps / (nm * km).
- transition piece on the transition parts between the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type, which gradually reduces the diameter of the core glass of the high-level fibers over a defined length of the optical waveguide cable to the diameter of the core glass of the low-level fibers.
- a transition piece which generally tapers conically towards the smaller diameter, can be realized, for example, by fusion splicing or fusion splice, in which, by pulling the end of the high-level fiber over a distance of generally more than 100 wavelengths, a gradual transition to the core diameter the low-level fiber is reached.
- the first and / or the second section is provided with fibers of the first type as well as with fibers of the second type in order to ensure a uniform cable structure and thus contribute to simple manufacture.
- the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are advantageously arranged in separate groups, so that an unambiguous assignment and identification of high-level fibers and low-level fibers can be ensured.
- the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are each designed as fiber bundles, fiber tapes or loose tubes.
- a method for transmitting optical signals in particular using wavelength division multiplexing, is also used.
- the optical signals to be transmitted are coupled into fibers of a first type, which are provided in a first section of an optical waveguide cable, and, after a specific transmission path, are guided into fibers of a second type, which are provided in a second section of the optical waveguide cable with the fibers of the first type being connected to the fibers of the second type at at least one transition point between the first and second sections and with the fibers of the first type having a larger mode field diameter and a higher dispersion than the fibers of the second type.
- Such a method makes use of the advantages of the optical waveguide cable according to the invention described above, in order to achieve dispersion which avoids non-linearities in a simple manner with a relatively low attenuation of the optical waveguide cable.
- the optical signals to be transmitted be guided after a certain transmission path through the fibers of the second type of the second section into fibers of the first type of a further first section in order to enable bidirectional operation.
- the individual optical fibers of the optical fiber cable through a connecting fiber, a so-called pigtail pre-assembled with a connector, or a patch cable, a ready-made connecting cable with connector types designed for simplex or duplex technology, to a transmitter, a receiver or between transmitter and Receiver provided amplifier can be coupled. This offers the advantage that an optical waveguide cable with first and second sections, which have both fibers of the first type and fibers of the second type, can be connected with relatively little effort.
- Figure 1 a is a schematic representation of a transmission link formed by a conventional optical fiber cable with, for example, single-mode or NZDS fibers;
- 1 b shows a schematic representation of a transmission path formed by a conventional optical fiber cable with alternating sections of fibers of positive and negative dispersion
- FIG. 2a shows a schematic illustration of a transmission path formed by an optical waveguide cable of a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2b shows a schematic illustration of a transmission path formed by an optical waveguide cable of a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2c shows a representation according to FIG. 2b, which shows a transition point between sections of the optical waveguide cable of the second embodiment in more detail;
- Fig. 3a shows a cross section through an optical fiber cable according to the invention with fibers grouped into loose tubes and
- 3b shows a cross section through an optical waveguide cable according to the invention with fibers grouped into fiber ribbons.
- a conventional optical waveguide cable is used, which in sections c each consists of fibers of a single type, for example single-mode fibers or NZDS fibers.
- the above-described disadvantages such as the occurrence of non-linearities, are inherent in such a transmission link, particularly in the case of an optical signal coupled in at high power.
- the transmission path shown in FIG. 1 b is indeed formed from an optical waveguide cable, in which sections d1 with fibers of positive dispersion and sections d2 with fibers of negative dispersion alternate with one another in order to obtain a dispersion that avoids non-linearities.
- Such one Cable management is characterized by complex and economically unsatisfactory manufacture of the optical fiber cable.
- the transmission link shown in FIG. 2a consists of an optical waveguide cable which is composed of a first section a and a second section b.
- Section a has fibers of a first type H, which are designed as high-level fibers with a relatively large mode field diameter and a comparatively high dispersion.
- section b has fibers of a second type M, which are provided with a smaller mode field diameter and a lower dispersion than low-level fibers.
- the fibers of the first type H are connected to the fibers of the second type N by a fusion splice.
- the fusion splice ensures low splice attenuation with values between 0.03 dB and 0.3 dB, for example.
- the fibers of the first type H are designed such that they have a mode field diameter of more than 8 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 1550 nm and the dispersion in the transmission band from 1525 nm to 1625 nm is between 12 ps / (nm * km) and 22 ps / (nm * km).
- the fibers of the second type N have a mode field diameter of more than 6 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the difference between the mode field diameters of the fibers of the first type H and the fibers of the second type N being less than 3 ⁇ m.
- the fibers of the second type N are also designed such that the dispersion in the transmission band from 1525 nm to 1625 nm has an amount between 0 ps / (nm * km) and 12 ps / (nm * km).
- optical signals are coupled into the fibers H of section a with high power by a transmitter S or an amplifier V, the occurrence of non-linearities due to the comparatively large mode field diameter and the comparatively high dispersion of the fibers H designed as high-level fibers is effectively prevented.
- the energy, that is to say the light output, of the optical signal is reduced in the course of section a. After 10 to 20 km, the light output of the opti- see signals have decayed so far that the probability of the occurrence of non-linearities becomes negligible.
- the optical signals are then conducted at the transition point U into the fibers N, which are in the form of low-level fibers, of the section b which is generally significantly longer and extends to the receiver E or to an intermediate amplifier V. Due to the lower dispersion and the smaller mode field diameter of the fibers N subsequently optimized for transmission at a certain bit rate, the bandwidth of the optical waveguide cable is used to a high degree.
- FIG. 2b An arrangement suitable for bidirectional operation is shown in FIG. 2b.
- a second section b is arranged between two first sections a, so that optical signals can be coupled in from both ends of the optical waveguide cable with high power without running the risk of non-linear interference occurring.
- FIG. 2c shows the transition point U between section a and section b in greater detail.
- a transition piece T can be seen, which is provided between the fibers of the first type H and the fibers of the second type N.
- the transition piece T gradually reduces the diameter of the core gias of the fibers of the first type H to the core diameter of the fibers of the second type N over a length corresponding to the respective application, which is generally at least 100 wavelengths.
- a transition piece T which tapers conically towards the smaller diameter can be formed by the end the fibers H, which are designed as high-level fibers, are stretched out and thereby narrowed.
- the light rays inside the core glass pass through a funnel-shaped bottleneck.
- 3a and 3b show that the optical waveguide cable used in the arrangements according to FIGS. 2a to 2c in sections a and b can be provided both with fibers of the first type H and with fibers of the second type N. Such a uniform cable structure ensures simple and inexpensive production.
- FIG. 3a shows a grouping in which the fibers H, N designed as loose tubes are arranged around a cable core K.
- the cable core K for example a rod made of GRP, is used for the thermal and mechanical stabilization of the optical fiber cable.
- Such stranding also offers the advantage that an expansion of the individual fibers H, N is largely independent of the expansion of the entire optical fiber cable.
- 3b shows a grouping in which the fibers of the first type H and the fibers of the second type N are each formed as fiber ribbons.
- the optical fiber cable described above it is possible to easily ensure a dispersion that avoids non-linearities with a relatively low attenuation overall.
- the reason for this is above all the provision of at least two sections a, b provided with high-level fibers H or low-level fibers N.
- the optical waveguide cable it is also possible for the optical waveguide cable to have a structure in which, in sections a, b, fibers H designed as high-level fibers and fibers N designed as low-level fibers are present at the same time.
- such mixed sections can also be combined with uniform sections of a single fiber type.
- the grouping of fibers N, H in mixed sections takes account of practical cabling.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10061836A DE10061836A1 (de) | 2000-12-12 | 2000-12-12 | Lichtwellenleiterkabel und Verfahren zum Übertragen von optischen Signalen, insbesondere nach der Wellenlängenmultiplextechnik |
DE10061836 | 2000-12-12 | ||
PCT/DE2001/004673 WO2002048771A2 (de) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Lichtwellenleiterkabel und verfahren zum übertragen von optischen signalen, insbesondere nach der wellenlängenmultiplextechnik |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1342115A2 true EP1342115A2 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
Family
ID=7666808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01984704A Withdrawn EP1342115A2 (de) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Lichtwellenleiterkabel und verfahren zum übertragen von optischen signalen, insbesondere nach der wellenlängenmultiplextechnik |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6856736B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1342115A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004515820A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002233147A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10061836A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW535014B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002048771A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE426960T1 (de) * | 2005-05-11 | 2009-04-15 | Alcatel Lucent | Verfahren zur ubertragung eines optischen signals in einem optischen ubertragungssystem, und dazugehíriges ubertragungssystem |
DE102008017881B9 (de) | 2008-04-09 | 2012-11-08 | Andrew Wireless Systems Gmbh | TDD-Repeater für ein Drahtlos-Netz und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Repeaters |
JP2015219492A (ja) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-12-07 | 日立金属株式会社 | 通信光検知器 |
CN112346174B (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2022-12-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种聚合物波导和太赫兹信号传输方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5074633A (en) | 1990-08-03 | 1991-12-24 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical communication system comprising a fiber amplifier |
US5191631A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1993-03-02 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Hybrid optical fiber and method of increasing the effective area of optical transmission using same |
CA2195614C (en) | 1996-02-16 | 2005-06-28 | George F. Wildeman | Symmetric, dispersion-manager fiber optic cable and system |
US5611016A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-03-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Dispersion-balanced optical cable |
JP3418086B2 (ja) | 1997-05-09 | 2003-06-16 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 波長分割多重伝送用光伝送路およびその構成方法 |
JPH1184158A (ja) | 1997-09-10 | 1999-03-26 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 波長分割多重伝送用の光伝送リンクおよびそのリンクを構成する光ファイバ |
CA2316181A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-04 | The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. | Dispersion compensation optical fiber and wavelength multiplex optical transmission line comprising dispersion compensation optical fiber |
JP4487420B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | 富士通株式会社 | 光増幅伝送システム |
-
2000
- 2000-12-12 DE DE10061836A patent/DE10061836A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-12-10 US US10/016,316 patent/US6856736B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-11 TW TW090130712A patent/TW535014B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-12 AU AU2002233147A patent/AU2002233147A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-12 JP JP2002550021A patent/JP2004515820A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-12 DE DE10195443T patent/DE10195443D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-12 WO PCT/DE2001/004673 patent/WO2002048771A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-12 EP EP01984704A patent/EP1342115A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0248771A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002233147A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
TW535014B (en) | 2003-06-01 |
WO2002048771A3 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
JP2004515820A (ja) | 2004-05-27 |
WO2002048771A2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
US20040190840A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
DE10195443D2 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
US6856736B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 |
DE10061836A1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
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