EP1340073A1 - Humidity paper indicators with coloured support - Google Patents
Humidity paper indicators with coloured supportInfo
- Publication number
- EP1340073A1 EP1340073A1 EP01998819A EP01998819A EP1340073A1 EP 1340073 A1 EP1340073 A1 EP 1340073A1 EP 01998819 A EP01998819 A EP 01998819A EP 01998819 A EP01998819 A EP 01998819A EP 1340073 A1 EP1340073 A1 EP 1340073A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dyes
- humidity
- copper
- humidity indicator
- salts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 copper halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical group Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182559 Natural dye Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical class Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000978 natural dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- MPTQRFCYZCXJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cu+2] MPTQRFCYZCXJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical class [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002337 magnesium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/222—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating moisture content
Definitions
- the present invention relates to humidity paper indicators used for indicating the absorbent capacity of a desiccant material or more generally for evidencing the humidity conditions of the ambient in which the indicator is placed.
- Humidity paper indicators industrially used are prepared by impregnating paper sheets of various sizes with humidity-sensitive substances.
- Indicating labels are also used in order to indicate the desiccant activity of the material; furthermore, they are used during packaging of products based on desiccant clay, white silica gel, allumina and molecular sieves and more generally for all those desiccant materials which show no evident colour differences between their maximum activity and depletion of the desiccant power.
- a portion of the area of the indicating labels commonly used in industry is impregnated with a cobalt chloride solution. This area changes colour from blue to pink depending on the humidity present in the medium in which the label is placed; the colour change is reversible and thus allows the label to be regenerated for further use.
- the concentration of the cobalt chloride solution used for colouring the indicating labels determines the sensitivity to the various humidity contents.
- the colour change should ideally be marked and easily distinguishable even with low relative humidity concentrations. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to humidity indicators comprising a support impregnated with copper salts.
- These salts can be copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide or copper fluoride. More generally, copper (II) halides, obtained by using either the pure salts or a mixture of salts containing the Cu + ion with a generic anion and salts containing the chloride, bromide and iodide ions with any cation, may be used.
- the above described mixture can be added with salts whose anions form with copper (II) cations coloured salts, such as sulfates, nitrates, chromates, permanganates and the like, which act as coloured background for a better chromatic evaluation of the humidity.
- salts whose anions form with copper (II) cations coloured salts, such as sulfates, nitrates, chromates, permanganates and the like, which act as coloured background for a better chromatic evaluation of the humidity.
- Organic or inorganic dyes acting as a colour background enhancing the colour contrast indicating the change of humidity conditions may also be used.
- the described salts may be mixed to provide solutions used for impregnating the support material, which is immersed therein.
- the paper material impregnated with the mixture of the invention acts as humidity indicator.
- An indicating label is obtained by using a paper support.
- the humidity-sensitive active principle have different colours depending on the humidity they are exposed to and on the water content of the chemical environment of the active principle. Such feature allows to prepare humidity- indicating labels which, according to the concentration of the active principle impregnating the paper, are more o less sensitive to humidity concentration and change colour, thereby indicating when the humidity threshold value they have been calibrated for has been exceeded.
- the values of humidity to which the indicator is sensitive may be evaluated through the colour changes of the impregnated area.
- the solution of copper salts, colour synergistic salts and background dyes of the invention may be used for impregnating parts of the materials used in the field of desiccants, such as non-woven fabrics or any material constituting the sachets containing the desiccants, in order to indicate the desiccant power of the sachet.
- the components of the humidity indicator of the invention are therefore:
- an active ingredient consisting of a copper halide, in particular copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide or copper fluoride;
- synergists which increase the colour of the active principles in both dry and humid conditions, and may either increase or decrease the sensitivity of the impregnated material to the relative humidity to which it is exposed;
- synergistic products include alkali and alkaline-earth metal salts, salts of transition elements, some of them being hygroscopic or deliquescent, in particular magnesium, sodium, lithium, calcium, potassium, barium, iron chlorides, bromides, fluorides and iodides, as well as potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and iron nitrates, dichromates and sulfates.
- Examples of anions introduced in the form of synergistic salts, which, in the presence of copper (II) ions, provide a background coloration to the area impregnated with the solution, thereby modifying the coloration caused by the active principle alone are bromides, dichromates, nitrates and sulphates.
- Dyes used in mixture with the above described substances include synthetic organic dyes, natural dyes, mineral dyes, vegetable dyes and pigments or mixtures thereof.
- the most suitable colours for the use according to the invention are red, which may provide more or less intense shades of pink, the chromatic scales of blue (in particular light blue), green and violet or the chromatic scales deriving from the mixture of the three primary colours.
- the indicating labels of the invention are obtained by soaking or spraying a paper support with aqueous-alcoholic or aqueous solutions containing the copper ion, the synergistic salts and the dyes according to the present invention.
- the paper is then dried with a jet of hot air or by heating in a normal oven at about 60°C for the time required.
- Tests have been carried out on solutions having various concentrations of the copper halide active principles alone or combined with the other synergistic salts, in mixture with different types of dyes in order to control the colour change as a function of the humidity to which the paper should be sensitive.
- the amount of dye used is a function of the desired background colour; the pink shade typical of cobalt indicators when exposed to humid medium may be reproduced by using the dye.
- Water or a water-ethanol mixture may be used for dissolving the components; alternatively, other solvents inducing solubilization of the used salts and dyes may be employed.
- the described solutions may be used on a number of different paper supports, or on natural fabrics, synthetic non-woven fabrics and in general on those fabrics used for preparing desiccant sachets, with application of a humidity indicating drop.
- copper bromide with synergistic salts containing bromides, such as sodium bromide without the addition of dyes, indicating labels may be obtained, following immersion, which have dark/black colour when placed in medium with humidity below a fixed value, whereas change to colourless or pale light blue when exposed to humidity above such fixed value.
- Example 1 1.5 g of copper chloride dihydrate + 3.0 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate in 100 ml of water-alcohol mixture (70% water and 30% alcohol). No dyes are added.
- the dye can be selected from:
- the resulting indicator will be yellow/green when dry and light blue when humid.
- the resulting indicator will be yellow/orange when dry and pink when humid. Finally, if the selected background is light green, the resulting indicator will be yellow/green when dry and light green when humid.
- synergistic salts containing the chloride ion increases the chromatic contrast of the label obtained by impregnation and the use of different salts and amounts may result in different sensitivities to humidity. Similar results can be obtained by replacing magnesium chloride, potassium chloride or sodium chloride with other synergistic salts containing the chloride ion, such as lithium chloride or any metal chloride.
- a dye provides an increase in the contrast and different sensitivities of the indicator to relative humidity. Sensitivity to humidity of the label is evidenced by the change in colour from yellow when dry to the paper background colour when humid.
- a number of solutions (water/alcohol) of the active ingredient combined with other halide synergistic salts were prepared, in order to evaluate the different colours of the indicating labels prepared by impregnating them with the solutions.
- the procedure described above was followed, then the effects obtained by impregnation of the paper supports were tested.
- the indicators obtained by immersion in the solutions A, B and C, after drying with a jet of hot air or by heating in oven at 60/70°C, have more intense dark colour that those obtained with the solution D which contains no synergistic salts.
- the different sensitivities to atmospheric humidity and the different shades of colours deriving from the presence of synergists containing the chloride ion (A) or the bromide (B, C) ion may be evaluated.
- salts containing the bromide ion form copper bromide in solution, they can be used to obtain brown shades, whereas salts containing the chloride ion increase the yellow colour thus obtaining dark shades.
- the described solution may be diluted to obtain all the dark/black shades and different sensitivities to humidity.
- sodium bromide or any other salt containing the bromide ion, can be used as the synergistic salt.
- the same results are obtained directly starting from copper bromide.
- the dark/black colour is strengthened to obtain black.
- humidity indicators can be obtained with brown colour up to the yellow/brown colour typical of indicators obtained using solutions containing chlorides.
- Examples of said solutions are: A) 1.7 g of copper bromide + 100 ml of water.
- Solutions B and C provide indicating labels which have stronger dark colour in dry conditions than those obtained using solution A.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20002599 | 2000-12-01 | ||
| IT2000MI002599 IT1319669B1 (it) | 2000-12-01 | 2000-12-01 | Indicatori di umidita' cartacei con supporto colorato. |
| PCT/EP2001/013880 WO2002044712A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-28 | Humidity paper indicators with coloured support |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1340073A1 true EP1340073A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
Family
ID=11446157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01998819A Withdrawn EP1340073A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-28 | Humidity paper indicators with coloured support |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1340073A1 (it) |
| AU (1) | AU2002221903A1 (it) |
| IT (1) | IT1319669B1 (it) |
| WO (1) | WO2002044712A1 (it) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2401072B (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2006-04-26 | Ineos Silicas Ltd | Silica-based indicating desiccants |
| US20100252779A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-07 | Multisorb Technologies, Inc. | Copper bromide humidity indicating card |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3898172A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1975-08-05 | Us Energy | Irreversible humidity indicator |
| US4098120A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1978-07-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Humidity indicating method and device |
| EP0183734A1 (de) * | 1984-05-24 | 1986-06-11 | Thalmond Anstalt | Vorrichtung zur messung einer physikalischen grösse |
| JP2543837B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-11 | 1996-10-16 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 湿度インジケ―タ― |
| DK167369B1 (da) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-10-18 | Dansk Teknologisk Inst | Luftfugtighedsindikator til bestemmelse af fugtighedsgraden i en bygningsdel, samt fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en hertil bestemt fugtighedsfoelsom strimmel |
| NL9101748A (nl) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-05-17 | Waltshire Corp N V | Indicatorinkt. |
-
2000
- 2000-12-01 IT IT2000MI002599 patent/IT1319669B1/it active
-
2001
- 2001-11-28 EP EP01998819A patent/EP1340073A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-28 WO PCT/EP2001/013880 patent/WO2002044712A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-28 AU AU2002221903A patent/AU2002221903A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0244712A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002044712A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| ITMI20002599A1 (it) | 2002-06-01 |
| IT1319669B1 (it) | 2003-10-23 |
| AU2002221903A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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