EP1339771A1 - Plaques composites en pierre pour l'isolation - Google Patents

Plaques composites en pierre pour l'isolation

Info

Publication number
EP1339771A1
EP1339771A1 EP01984777A EP01984777A EP1339771A1 EP 1339771 A1 EP1339771 A1 EP 1339771A1 EP 01984777 A EP01984777 A EP 01984777A EP 01984777 A EP01984777 A EP 01984777A EP 1339771 A1 EP1339771 A1 EP 1339771A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
polyurethane
foam
mineral
acids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01984777A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Thiele
Jörg HERZOG
Andre Te Poel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP1339771A1 publication Critical patent/EP1339771A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6696—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/36 or hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids of C08G18/38
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing composite bodies from mineral moldings and foamed polyurethane layers, and to the composite bodies produced by this method.
  • floor or wall panels often consist of natural stone panels or natural stone moldings such as marble, granite, basalt or sandstone.
  • these mineral moldings or plates must have considerable layer thicknesses for the aforementioned purposes. Therefore, such plates or plate-shaped semi-finished products are expensive for this and have a very high weight.
  • facade panels, floor panels or wall panels it is often desirable that they have a low thermal conductivity in order to insulate buildings. Both limit the usability of such compact natural stone products.
  • DE-C-197 26 502 describes a process for the production of sheets or molded parts from polyisocyanates and polyols which react to form a polyurethane foam plastic, with the addition of fillers, dyes and the like. An imitation stone is formed. It is further proposed that in an in-mold process the foamed polyurethane mixture is bonded to a natural stone slab, for example made of granite or marble or of metal or wood-based material, in a heated mold. For this purpose, the mold must be heated, a temperature between 55 and 80 ° C.
  • DE-A-19610262 describes a process for producing rigid polyurethane foams from polyols and polyisocyanates as well as blowing agents and, if appropriate, foam auxiliaries, the rigid polyurethane foam being obtained by the reaction of an average polyol component having at least 3 hydrogen atoms and having 60 to 100% at least 2 hydroxyl groups contains polyethers and / or polyesters with a molecular weight of 250 to 1500, these polyols having an interfacial tension of 6 to 14 mN / m compared to i- and / or n-pentane as a blowing agent, and the composition further contains i- and / or n-pentane as a blowing agent, water and possibly auxiliaries and additives.
  • a further reaction component is a polyisocyanate with an NCO content of 20 to 48% by weight, which has an interfacial tension of 4.0 to 8 mN / m compared to i- and / or n-pentane as blowing agent. It is proposed to use these rigid foams as an intermediate layer for composite elements and for filling cavities in the construction of refrigerated cabinets. The production of stone composite panels is not disclosed.
  • DE -A- 19918459 describes a method for producing composite bodies from mineral moldings and foamed polyurethane layers.
  • the polyurethane system should consist of polyisocyanates, polyols, catalysts, wetting and dispersing agents, foam stabilizers, water and / or carboxylic acids and preferably fillers.
  • the mold for producing the composite body does not have to be preheated and the composition is only exposed to the inherent pressure which arises during the foaming process.
  • this manufacturing process gives quite useful results, it has been shown that the binder system tends to separate, so that it is not storable for a long time and must be carefully homogenized by intensive stirring immediately before use.
  • the achievement of the object according to the invention can be found in the claims.
  • the process according to the invention essentially consists in coating the mineral molded body in a closed mold with a foamable polyurethane composition, the mold not being preheated and the composition being only exposed to the inherent pressure arising during the foaming process of the polyurethane mixture.
  • the foamed polyurethane body is produced separately and glued to the mineral molded body or semi-finished product with the aid of an adhesive and, if appropriate, a reinforcing mat.
  • the polyurethane system that can be used according to the invention consists of at least one of the following substances
  • polystyrene foams a) polyisocyanates, b) polyols, c) catalysts, d) carboxylic acids, which can optionally be supplemented by water, e) amines, f) low-boiling hydrocarbons as blowing agents, g) foam stabilizers, h) wetting and dispersing agents, i) and preferably fillers.
  • the polyurethane binders used in the process according to the invention essentially consist of a reaction product of at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate, water and / or a carboxylic acid optionally being used as a blowing agent for the pore formation of the foam.
  • hydroxycarboxylic acids or aminocarboxylic acids can also be used; polyols can be replaced in whole or in part by polyamines.
  • the polyisocyanates are polyfunctional, the suitable polyfunctional isocyanates preferably contain on average 2 to at most 5, preferably up to 4 and in particular 2 or 3 isocyanate groups per molecule.
  • the polyisocyanates to be used can be aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic isocyanates.
  • aromatic polyisocyanates are: All isomers of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) either in isomerically pure form or as a mixture of several isomers, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), diphenylmethane-2, 4'-diisocyanate and mixtures of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with the 2,4'-isomer or their mixtures with higher-functional oligomers (so-called crude MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), 4,4'- Diphenyl-dimethylmethane diisocyanate, di- and tetraalkyl-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate.
  • TDI to
  • Suitable cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates are the hydrogenation products of the aforementioned aromatic diisocyanates, such as 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H-
  • aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H-
  • aliphatic polyisocyanates are tetramethoxybutane-1,4-di-isocyanate, butane-1,4-diisocyanate, hexane-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 1,1 6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane, butane-1,4-diisocyanate and 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate (C 12 DI).
  • HDI hexane-1,6-diisocyanate
  • 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane 1,1 6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane
  • butane-1,4-diisocyanate 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate (C 12 DI).
  • aromatic isocyanates are preferred, preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate, either in the form of the pure isomers, as isomer mixtures of the 2,4 '- / 4,4'-isomers or else the MDI liquefied with carbodiimide, which is known, for example, under the trade name Isonate 143 L. is, as well as the so-called "raw MDI", ie an isomer / oligomer mixture of MDI, as are commercially available, for example, under the trade names PAPI or Desmodur VK.
  • Quadsi-prepolymers ie reaction products of MDI or TDI with low molecular weight diols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or triethylene glycol, can also be used.
  • These quasi prepolymers are known to be a mixture of the aforementioned reaction products with monomeric diisocyanates.
  • aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates are able to react quickly and completely to the foams according to the invention even at room temperature.
  • their isocyanuration products or biuretization products in particular those of the HDI or IPDI, are also to be used.
  • polyols which are already known for the production of polyurethane are also suitable for the present invention.
  • the polyhydroxy polyethers known per se in the molecular weight range from 60 to 10,000, preferably 70 to 6,000, with 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups per molecule are suitable.
  • Such polyhydroxy polyethers are obtained in a manner known per se by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules, e.g. B. of water, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, cane sugar, etc.
  • suitable alkoxylating agents are in particular propylene oxide and possibly also ethylene oxide.
  • the liquid polyhydroxy compounds with two or three hydroxyl groups per molecule such as, for example, di- and / or trifunctional polypropylene glycols in the molecular weight range from 200 to 6000, preferably in the range from 400 to 3000, are preferably suitable.
  • Statistical and / or block copolymers of Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can be used.
  • Another group of polyethers to be used preferably are the polytetramethylene glycols, the be produced, for example, by the acidic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran, the molecular weight range of the polytetramethylene glycols being between 200 and 6000, preferably in the range from 400 to 4000.
  • liquid polyesters which are obtained by condensation of di- or tricarboxylic acids, e.g. Adipic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid with low molecular weight diols or triols such as e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, glycerol or trimethylolpropane can be produced.
  • di- or tricarboxylic acids e.g. Adipic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid
  • diols or triols such as e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, di
  • polyesters based on ⁇ -caprolactone also called “polycaprolactones”.
  • polyester polyols of oleochemical origin can also be used.
  • Such polyester polyols can, for example, by completely ring opening epoxidized triglycerides of an at least partially olefinically unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat mixture with one or more alcohols with 1 to 12 C atoms and then partial transesterification of the triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols with 1 to 12 C atoms in the alkyl radical getting produced.
  • Other suitable polyols are polycarbonate polyols and dimer diols (from Henkel) and castor oil and its derivatives.
  • the hydroxy-functional polybutadienes, such as those e.g. are available under the trade name "Poly-bd" can be used as polyols for the compositions according to the invention.
  • the polyol component is a diol / triol mixture of polyether and polyester polyols.
  • carboxylic acids to be used according to the invention react with the isocyanates in the presence of catalysts with elimination of carbon dioxide to form amides, so they have the double function in the structure of the polymer structure to be involved and at the same time act as a blowing agent by splitting off the carbon dioxide.
  • Carboxylic acids are understood to mean acids which contain one or more - preferably up to three - carboxyl groups (-COOH) and at least 2, preferably 5 to 400, carbon atoms.
  • the carboxyl groups can be connected to saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals or to aromatic radicals. They can contain further groups such as ether, ester, halogen, amide, amino, hydroxyl and urea groups.
  • carboxylic acids which can be easily incorporated as liquids at room temperature, such as native fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures, COOH-terminated polyesters, polyethers or polyamides, dimer fatty acids and trimer fatty acids.
  • carboxylic acids are: acetic acid, Valerian, Capryl, Capryl, Caprin, Laurin, Myristin, Palmitin, Stearin, Isostearin, Isopalmitin, Arachin, Behen, Cerotin - And melissin acids and the mono- or polyunsaturated acids palmitoleic, oleic, elaidic, petroselinic, eruca, linoleic, linolenic and gadoleic acids.
  • adipic acid terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, Hexahy- drophthalklare, tetrachlorophthalic acid, oxalic acid, muconic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, di- or trimerized unsaturated fatty acids , optionally in a mixture with monomeric unsaturated fatty acids and optionally partial esters of these compounds.
  • esters of polycarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid mixtures which have both COOH and OH groups can also be used, such as esters of TMP [C 2 H5-C (CH 2 OH) 3 ], glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, glycol or their Alkoxylates with adipic acid, sebacic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or grafted or partially esterified carbohydrates (sugar, starch, cellulose) and ring opening products of epoxides with polycarboxylic acids.
  • the “carboxylic acids” preferably include “hydroxycarboxylic acids”.
  • “Hydroxycarboxylic acids” include monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids, monohydroxypolycarboxylic acids, polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids and polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids including the corresponding hy- droxyalkoxycarboxylic acids with 2 to 600, preferably with 8 to 400 and in particular with 14 to 120 C atoms to be understood which contain 1 to 9, preferably 2 to 3, hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups on an HC radical, in particular on an aliphatic radical.
  • polyhydroxy monocarboxylic acids and the polyhydroxy polycarboxylic acids including the corresponding hydroxyalkoxy carboxylic acids are combined to form the polyhydroxy fatty acids.
  • the preferably used dihydroxy fatty acids and their preparation are described in DE-OS 33 18 596 and EP 237 959, to which express reference is made.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acids used according to the invention are preferably derived from naturally occurring fatty acids. Therefore, they usually have an even number of carbon atoms in the main chain and are not branched. Those with a chain length of 8 to 100, in particular 14 to 22, carbon atoms are particularly suitable.
  • natural fatty acids are mostly used as technical mixtures. These mixtures preferably contain a part of oleic acid. They can also contain other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In principle, mixtures of different chain lengths can also be used in the preparation of the polyhydroxyfatty acids or polyhydroxyalkoxyfatty acids which can be used according to the invention and which may also contain saturated portions or else polyhydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids with double bonds.
  • the pure polyhydroxy fatty acids are suitable here, but also mixed products obtained from animal fats or vegetable oils which, after preparation (ester cleavage, purification stages), contain monounsaturated fatty acids> 40%, preferably> 60%.
  • monounsaturated fatty acids > 40%, preferably> 60%.
  • these are commercially available natural raw materials such as beef tallow with a chain distribution of 67% oleic acid, 2% stearic acid, 1% heptadecanoic acid, 10% saturated acids with a chain length of Ct 2 to Ci ⁇ , 12% linoleic acid and 2% saturated acids> C ⁇ a carbon atoms or eg the oil of the new sunflower (NSb) with a composition of approx.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acids used according to the invention are preferably derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, e.g. of 4,5-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-pentadecenoic acid, 9,10-hexadecenoic acid, 9,10-heptadecenoic acid, 6,7-octadecenoic acid, 9,10-octadecenoic acid, 11, 12-octadecenoic acid , 11, 12-eicosenoic acid, 11, 12-docosenoic acid, 13,14-docosenoic acid, 15,16-tetracosenoic acid and 9,10-ximenoic acid.
  • oleic acid (9,10-octadecenoic acid) is preferred. Both ice and trans isomers of all the fatty acids mentioned are suitable.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acids derived from less frequently occurring unsaturated fatty acids such as decyl-12-enoic acid, stilingic acid, dodecyl-9-enoic acid, ricinoleic acid, petroselinic acid, vaccenic acid, oleostearic acid, punicic acid, licanic acid, parinaric acid, gadoleic acid, arachidonic acid, 5-eicosenoic acid, 5-docosenoic acid, cetoleic acid, 5,13-docosadienoic acid and / or seiacholeic acid.
  • unsaturated fatty acids such as decyl-12-enoic acid, stilingic acid, dodecyl-9-enoic acid, ricinoleic acid, petroselinic acid, vaccenic acid, oleostearic acid, punicic acid, licanic acid, parinaric acid, gadoleic acid, arachidonic acid, 5-eicosen
  • polyhydroxy fatty acids which have been prepared from isomerization products of naturally unsaturated fatty acids.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acids produced in this way differ only in the position of the hydroxy or hydroxyalkoxy groups in the molecule. They are generally in the form of mixtures.
  • Naturally occurring fatty acids are preferred as starting components in the sense of natural raw materials in the present invention, but this does not mean that synthetically produced carboxylic acids with corresponding C numbers are not suitable.
  • a hydroxyalkoxy group of the polyhydroxy fatty acids is derived from the polyol that has been used to ring open the epoxidized fatty acid derivative. Preference is given to polyhydroxy fatty acids whose hydroxyalkoxy group is derived from preferably primary difunctional alcohols having up to 24, in particular up to 12, carbon atoms.
  • Suitable diols are propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and hexanediol, dodecanediol, preferably 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, polypropylene glycol, polybutanediol and / or polyethylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 40.
  • the diol compounds are polypropylene glycol and / or Polytetrahydrofuran diol and their mixed polymerization products are particularly suitable. This applies in particular if these compounds each have a degree of polymerization of about 2 to 20 units.
  • triols or higher alcohols for example glycerol and trimethylolpropane and their adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with molecular weights of up to 1,500, can also be used to open the ring.
  • Polyhydroxyfatty acids with more than 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule are then obtained.
  • a hydroxycarboxylic acid can also be used instead of a polyol as the compound containing hydroxyl groups, e.g. Citric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, lactic acid. Ester groups then arise instead of ether groups.
  • amines, hydroxyl-bearing amines or aminocarboxylic acids can also be used to open the ring.
  • Dihydroxy fatty acids in particular from diols, can also be used. They are liquid at room temperature and can be easily mixed with the other reactants.
  • dihydroxy fatty acids are understood to mean both the ring opening products of epoxidized unsaturated fatty acids with water and the corresponding ring opening products with diols and their crosslinking products with further epoxy molecules.
  • the ring opening products with diols can also be referred to more precisely as dihydroxyalkoxy fatty acids.
  • the hydroxyl groups or the hydroxyalkoxy group are preferably separated from the carboxy group by at least 1, preferably at least 3, in particular at least 6, CH 2 units.
  • Preferred dihydroxy fatty acids are: 9,10-dihydroxypalmitic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid and 13,14-dihydroxy-behenic acid and their 10,9- and 14,13-isomers.
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also suitable, for example linoleic acid, linolenic acid and ricinic acid.
  • Cinnamic acid is a concrete example of an aromatic carboxylic acid.
  • Suitable solution-mediating carboxylic acids are unbranched and branched aliphatic saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids having 6 to 30, in particular 6 to 24, carbon atoms, specifically the fatty acids from rapeseed oil (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid: "rapeseed fatty acid”) and isostearic acid ,
  • Suitable amines are diethylene triamine and its longer-chain homologs with at least two amino groups per molecule; hydroxy-functional polyamines such as e.g. N- (2-Aminoethyl) ethanolamine can be used.
  • Piperazine and aminoalkyl- or hydroxyalkyl-substituted piperazines are also particularly suitable, specifically aminoethylpiperazine.
  • the mixing ratio of the aforementioned amines to the solubilizing carboxylic acids should be 1: 3 to 3: 1.
  • the blowing reaction ie the CO 2 formation for the foaming, can take place both by the reaction of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate with the carboxylic acid groups of the carboxylic acids and, if appropriate, additionally by the reaction of the isocyanate groups with water.
  • the water content of the polyol component can be between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 5% by weight. If the CO 2 elimination from the isocyanate-carboxylic acid reaction is to start at room temperature, it is expedient to use amino-substituted pyridines and / or N-substituted imidazoles as catalysts. Particularly suitable are 1-methylimidiazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 1-allylimidazole, 1-phenylimidazole, 1, 2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole, 1 (3-aminopropyl) imidazole,
  • the above-mentioned starting materials for the PU binder namely polyisocyanate, polyol, polyamine, water, carboxylic acid and catalyst, are used in the following proportions: 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.8 to 1 equivalent of a mixture of polyol is added to one equivalent of isocyanate , Polyamine, water and / or carboxylic acid, where the ratio of polyol and / or polyamine to water and / or carboxylic acid can be 20: 1 to 1:20.
  • the amount of catalysts to be used is between 0.0001 and 1.0, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5 equivalent pyridine or imidazole catalyst.
  • the amine catalysts mentioned above should preferably be present in a concentration of 0.05 to 15, in particular 0.5 to 10,% by weight. are used, based on the sum of hydroxycarboxylic acid and isocyanate.
  • organometallic compounds such as tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, strong bases such as alkali hydroxides, alcoholates and phenolates, e.g. Tin ll acetate, ethylhexoate and diethylhexoate can be used.
  • a preferred class of compounds are the dialkyltin (IV) carboxylates.
  • the carboxylic acids have 2, preferably at least 10, in particular 14 to 32, carbon atoms. Dicarboxylic acids can also be used.
  • acids adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, terephthalic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and in particular 2-ethylhexanoic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid , Specific compounds are dibutyl and dioctyl tin diacetate, maleate, bis (2-ethylhexoate), dilaurate, tributyl tin acetate, bis ( ⁇ -methoxycarbonyl-ethyl) tin dilaurate and bis ( ⁇ -acetyl-ethyl) tin dilaurate.
  • Tin oxides and sulfides and thiolates are also preferably usable.
  • Specific compounds are: bis (tributyltin) oxide, bis (trioctyltin) oxide, dibutyl and dictyltin bis (2-ethylhexylthiolate) dibutyl and dioctyltin didodecylthiolate, bis (ß-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl) tin didododylthiolate, bis acetyl-ethyl) tin bis (2-ethyl hexyl thiolate), dibutyl and dioctyl tin didodecyl thiolate, butyl and octyl tin tris (thiog!
  • trimerization reaction of the isocyanate groups with themselves or with urethane and urea groups to form allophanate or biuret groups can also take place.
  • Trimerization catalysts can be used for this.
  • DABCO TMR-2 etc. from Air Products may be mentioned as the trimerization catalyst, which are quaternary ammonium salts dissolved in ethylene glycol.
  • aliphatic tertiary amines in particular with a cyclic structure.
  • tertiary amines those which additionally carry groups which are reactive toward the isocyanates, in particular hydroxyl and / or amino groups.
  • dimethylmonoethanolamine Diethylmonoethanolamin amine Methylethylmonoethanol-, ethanolamine triethanolamine, trimethanolamine tripropanolamine, tributanolamine, Trihexa-, Tripentanolamin, Tricyclohexanolamin, diethanol, diethanol ethyl amine, Diethanolpropylamin, Diethanolbutylamin, Diethanolpentylamin, Diethanolhexylamin, Diethanolcyclohexylamin, diethanolphenylamine and ethoxylation and Propoxylation products, diaza-bicyclo-octane (Dabco), triethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine (Desmorapid DB, BAYER), bis-dimethylaminoethyl ether (Calalyst AI, UCC), tetramethylguanidine, bis-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethyl
  • the catalysts can also be in oligomerized or polymerized form, for example as N-methylated polyethyleneimine.
  • the polyurethane binders to be used according to the invention also contain low-boiling hydrocarbons, preferably Ca-Cs hydrocarbons, cyclopentane being very particularly preferred.
  • Cyclopentane has a boiling point of 49 ° C and therefore has the disadvantage that it condenses at low temperatures. This can create a negative pressure in the foam cells, which must be counteracted by increasing the bulk densities.
  • the non-cyclic pentanes and short-chain hydrocarbons have lower boiling points than cyclopentane, but they also have significantly higher thermal conductivities and are therefore not preferred.
  • the low boiling points of the hydrocarbons are also disadvantageous when mixed with the fillers because of their easier volatilization. It has been shown that the volatilization can be reduced by high proportions of castor oil in the reaction mixture and by the addition of wetting and dispersing agents such as Byk W 968 and 9010.
  • the mass fraction of the Cs-Cs hydrocarbons in the reaction mixture is 1.0 to 15%, but the hydrocarbons are always used in combination with water and / or fatty acids as blowing agents.
  • the polyurethane binders of the moldings produced according to the invention also have urethane groups from the reaction of the isocyanates with the polyols and / or polyhydroxycarboxylic acids due to the carboxylic acid / isocyanate reaction. They also contain urea groups from the reaction of the isocyanates with any water, polyamines or aminocarboxylic acids in the system. They also contain ester groups or ether groups from the polyols used.
  • the amount of the reactants polyisocyanate, polyol, polyamine, carboxylic acid and water is chosen so that the polyisocyanate is used in excess.
  • the equivalent ratio of NCO to the sum of OH, NH and COOH groups is 5: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2: 1, an isocyanate excess of 5 to 50% is very particularly preferred.
  • the composition for producing the foamed polyurethane layer contains a high proportion of filler in addition to the abovementioned binder constituents.
  • fillers customary in polyurethane chemistry such as calcium carbonate in the form of the precipitated or ground chalk, or as limestone powder, dolomite (CaMg (C0 3 ) 2 ), barium sulfate (heavy spar), aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide hydrate, also quartz sand, dried stone grinding sludge can be used as the filler.
  • Wood chips, cellulose fibers, foam waste, rubber flour, rubber chips, foam glass granulate or ground glass can be used.
  • Compact plastic waste, cable waste, short fibers of glass and rock wool as well as synthetic and natural short fibers are also suitable as fillers.
  • the proportion of filler can make up to 80% by weight of the polyurethane binder.
  • this filler mixture can be colored with suitably colored stone grinding slurries; black, red or gray colored quartz flours or stone grinding slurries can be used for this.
  • the fillers can be surface-treated with adhesion promoters, in particular organofunctional silanes or titanates, so that they are better dispersed and better incorporated into the polyurethane matrix.
  • slabs or preformed semi-finished products made of granite, basalt, sylenite, diabase, tuff, liparite, diorite, andesite, picrite and sandstone are suitable as examples of sedimentary rock or marble as examples of metamorphic rocks.
  • synthetic stones can also be placed on concrete or Resin base (polyester) are used.
  • the thickness of the stone slab or semi-finished product used depends on the intended use and the expected load, it usually has a thickness between 8 and 20 mm, preferably between 10 and 14 mm.
  • the foam reaction mixture (containing filler) can be introduced an adhesive is applied to the form on the stone slab.
  • This adhesive can be any structural adhesive known per se based on polyurethanes or epoxides, preference being given here to a polyurethane adhesive which essentially contains the constituents of the abovementioned binder system, no blowing agents being present in the adhesive formulation.
  • a reinforcement mat or reinforcement fleece can be inserted between the stone slab and the polyurethane foam and on the back of the polyurethane foam layer (i.e. the side facing away from the stone slab) in order to increase the stability of the composite slab.
  • This reinforcement mat can consist of glass fiber fabric, glass fiber fleece or synthetic or natural fiber materials.
  • a particularly preferred filler is quartz sand, which should have a defined grain size distribution for improved flow behavior of the polyurethane reaction mixture before curing. Fillers with a fuller distribution in which the grain mixture is of the following mathematical formula are particularly preferred
  • d is the mesh size of the test sieve in mm
  • d max is the diameter of the maximum grain in mm
  • D is the sieve passage of the filler through the test sieve in%.
  • filler compositions with a "grain size” are mostly used. This designation comes from the fact that there is a gap in the mixture between the coarse grain and fine grain areas in this type of mixture.
  • Such fillers with precipitate grains are also preferred filler mixtures for the composite body according to the invention.
  • Quartz sand types such as those offered by the Frechen quartz works under the designations F31, F32, F34, F36 are very particularly preferred. These have an average grain size of 0.33; 0.24; 0.20 or 0.16 mm. If necessary, these can then be mixed with fine-grained quartz powder such as Millisil W12 (average grain size 16 ⁇ m) or Sikron SF (quartz powder, average grain size 10 ⁇ m).
  • the compositions according to the invention generally contain wetting and dispersing agents. These improve the incorporation of the fillers and the flow of the polyurethane foam reaction mixtures with the quartz sand, the stone grinding sludge or the ground glass into the edge areas of the molds to be poured.
  • wetting and dispersing agents are offered by Byk under the names BYK W 968, W 910, A 525 or A 530.
  • foam stabilizers known per se, e.g. based on siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymers such as e.g. are sold by the company Goldschmidt under the trade name Tegostab.
  • other silicone-free stabilizers can also be used, e.g. LK-221, LK-223 and LK-443 from Air Products or betaine emulsifiers.
  • drying agents in the form of molecular sieve pastes. If the water content is very high or fluctuating, these components may need to be dried beforehand.
  • release agents can be used in the metal mold, for example Acmos release agent for PUR with the type designations 39-5001, 39-4487, 37- 3200 and 36-3182. In many cases, however, it may also be sufficient to provide the metal mold with a layer of fluorinated polymers as a release agent ( Teflon® layer).
  • the composite bodies made from mineral moldings and foamed polyurethane layers produced by the process according to the invention are, as mentioned at the outset, particularly suitable for use as facade panels, floor panels or wall panels since it is advantageous in these applications to have composite bodies with low thermal conductivity and thus high thermal insulation capacity.
  • the polyol components and quartz sand F 31 are mixed in a mixing ratio of 100: 170. This mixture becomes the isocyanate added, and it is homogenized again. The ratio polyol: isocyanate is 100: 110.
  • This mixture is placed in a metal mold impregnated with release agents, which can be closed with a lid. On the bottom of this mold is a 1 cm thick granite slab. The reaction mixture is introduced into the mold, evenly distributed and covered with a glass fiber fabric. After approx. 45 minutes, the stone composite slab can be removed from the opened mold.
  • the thermal conductivity of both plates was determined in accordance with DIN 52616 at an average sample temperature of 23 ° C.
  • Composites with 1 cm granite and 3 cm foam thickness were used. Foaming with cyclopentane reduced the thermal conductivity of the composite panel of Example 1 from 0.040 W / mK to 0.033 W / mK.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'éléments composites constitués de corps moulés minéraux et de couches de polyuréthanne expansées. Selon ce procédé, le corps moulé minéral est enduit, dans un moule fermé, d'une composition polyuréthanne pouvant être expansée et comprenant un mélange de polyol, de l'eau, des hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition bas, des acides carboniques, des amines, des catalyseurs, des stabilisateurs de mousse, des agents de réticulation et de dispersion ainsi qu'un polyisocyanate. Le moule ne doit pas être préchauffé et la composition, pendant le processus de moussage, est soumise à la seule pression qu'elle développe alors. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, l'élément expansé est fabriqué séparément, pour être ensuite collé au corps moulé minéral. Lesdits éléments composites ont une faible conductibilité thermique et sont particulièrement adaptés comme plaques d'habillage pour façades.
EP01984777A 2000-12-07 2001-11-28 Plaques composites en pierre pour l'isolation Withdrawn EP1339771A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10060817 2000-12-07
DE10060817A DE10060817A1 (de) 2000-12-07 2000-12-07 Steinverbundplatten zur Isolierung
PCT/EP2001/013894 WO2002046262A1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2001-11-28 Plaques composites en pierre pour l'isolation

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EP1339771A1 true EP1339771A1 (fr) 2003-09-03

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EP (1) EP1339771A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2002046262A1 (fr)

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DE10060817A1 (de) 2002-06-20
JP2004515584A (ja) 2004-05-27
US20040115415A1 (en) 2004-06-17
WO2002046262A1 (fr) 2002-06-13

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