EP1337987A1 - Appareil de mesure electronique pour detecter une variable de processus, et procede pour actionner un tel dispositif de mesure - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure electronique pour detecter une variable de processus, et procede pour actionner un tel dispositif de mesure

Info

Publication number
EP1337987A1
EP1337987A1 EP01998948A EP01998948A EP1337987A1 EP 1337987 A1 EP1337987 A1 EP 1337987A1 EP 01998948 A EP01998948 A EP 01998948A EP 01998948 A EP01998948 A EP 01998948A EP 1337987 A1 EP1337987 A1 EP 1337987A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
measuring device
power loss
voltage
wire line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01998948A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Ruf
Winfried Rauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vega Grieshaber KG
Original Assignee
Vega Grieshaber KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vega Grieshaber KG filed Critical Vega Grieshaber KG
Publication of EP1337987A1 publication Critical patent/EP1337987A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic measuring device for detecting a process variable, which can be connected to a two-wire line, for which in particular a two-wire connection is present.
  • the two-wire line provides the supply energy and digital communication with a process control system.
  • Such measuring devices usually have a sensor device for measuring the process variables and a control device for controlling components of the sensor device. It should be noted that the term sensor device in the broadest sense includes all components involved in the generation and processing of signals and all associated peripheral devices.
  • Electronic measuring devices of this type which are connected exclusively via a two-wire line, are generally known in the prior art and are used, for example, as a radar or ultrasonic level measuring device.
  • An ultrasonic fill level measuring device sends out sound waves in the form of an ultrasound sensor in the direction of a fill material surface located in a container by means of a sensor device. After receiving the signal portion reflected from the product surface, the level in the container can be calculated by evaluating the signal transit time.
  • a control device within the measuring device coordinates the interaction of all circuit parts or measuring device components involved. Instead of ultrasonic wave radar pulses are generated and emitted in a radar level measuring device.
  • a two-wire line which is usually used on the hierarchical level of the fieldbus systems, provides the necessary supply energy for the operation of the measuring device and also serves for digital communication with a higher-level process control system, which is used for further processing of the Measuring device supplied measurement results is used.
  • No. 5,691,714 A discloses a method for transmitting measurement results from sensors to a receiver unit via two-wire lines.
  • the two-wire line is also used here for the voltage supply to the measuring device, the problem explained below of current fluctuations interfering with communication is not discussed here.
  • EP 0 986 039 AI discloses an arrangement for signal transmission between a receiving station and a transmitting station and for supplying power to the transmitting station via a two-wire line.
  • a controllable current source is present in the transmitting station, which determines the current flowing via the two-wire line as a function of the measured value.
  • the current source is designed as a series current regulator and is fed from a supply voltage source in the receiving station.
  • the power consumption of the measuring device fluctuates very greatly when connected via a two-wire line, unless special measures are taken.
  • the power consumption is constant during time intervals of a measurement preparation or implementation, on the other hand less power is drawn from the measuring device during the remaining time of the two-wire line, as a result of which the power consumption and consequently the current consumption decrease very sharply.
  • These current fluctuations can interfere with digital communication running over the same two-wire line.
  • current fluctuations that are rapid, that is to say in a short period of time have proven to be disruptive.
  • the measuring device To ensure undisturbed communication between the measuring device and the process control system despite the double function of the two-wire line, it is therefore necessary to keep the current consumption of the measuring device constant within certain limits and, in particular, to prevent rapid current fluctuations.
  • time intervals of a high power requirement which occurs, for example, during the execution of a measuring cycle, the measuring device will require a high current at a low supply voltage for energy coverage, since the power is known to result as a product of voltage and current. If the current is now kept constant over the entire supply voltage range so that the digital communication is not impaired by the energy supply, this measure leads to a multiplication of the power consumption at high supply voltages, which leads to unnecessary energy consumption and strong heat development.
  • measuring devices of the type described above have previously been implemented using multi-conductor technology.
  • a pair of lines is provided for supplying the supply energy, whereas a second, separate pair of lines is used for digital communication.
  • the low constant current required for reliable digital communication between the measuring device and the process control system can flow in the second pair of lines without the communication being impaired by the energy supply.
  • this solution leads to a disadvantageous additional outlay on wiring for the measuring device.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention to further improve an electronic measuring device using two-wire technology in such a way that reliable digital communication is possible with minimal power consumption. Furthermore, the invention is based on the further technical problem of providing a method for operating an electronic measuring device using two-wire technology, which enables reliable digital communication.
  • the invention is based on the idea of regulating the current for the measuring device as a function of the measured input voltage for the first time in such a way that undesired current changes, that is to say those occurring in a short period of time, are prevented and a current adaptation takes place in a period of time that is harmless for communication.
  • Current fluctuations that interfere with communication occur, for example, if they are greater than ImA / ms.
  • the advantage of the solution according to the invention lies in the fact that current fluctuations that disturb communication can be corrected quickly.
  • the current flowing through the two-line connection is kept constant and this total current is divided into a useful and a leakage current.
  • the useful current here is the portion of the current used by the components of the measuring device necessary for the correct operation of the measuring device
  • the leakage current is the portion of the current not necessary for the correct operation of the measuring device. If you find, for example, that the power loss is too high - i.e. the leakage current is too high - you can reduce the total current made up of useful and leakage current accordingly, so slowly that there are no current fluctuations that interfere with communication.
  • the measuring device tries to minimize the power loss, that is to say the portion of the power consumed which exceeds the power requirement, and thus to adapt the power consumed to the power requirement.
  • the power to be consumed can always be specified in such a way that operational fluctuations in current can be kept within reasonable limits.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a device for determining an instantaneous power loss that is not necessary to maintain the current operating state of the measuring device. If this determined power loss is too high compared to a (stored) comparison value, then a corresponding new setpoint can be sent to the current control device via the control device, whereby the current consumed gradually, i.e. is reduced without causing disturbing current fluctuations on the two-wire line. If the measuring device recognizes that the power consumed is too high because too much power loss is being generated, this excess power requirement can be minimized by reducing the current consumption to such an extent that, ideally, the power consumed is just sufficient to carry out the measurement cycles as intended. If more useful current is required in a new operating state of the measuring device, the current setpoint is slowly increased accordingly.
  • the device for determining an instantaneous power loss is connected to a capacitor in order to measure a time profile of the voltage across the capacitor and thus indirectly determine whether power loss is occurring.
  • This training is particularly useful for ultrasound Filling level measuring device is expedient since the course of the voltage of a capacitor connected upstream of the ultrasound transmitter is meaningful with regard to a power loss.
  • a device is suitable with which the frequency with which the sensor device is excited can be determined without carrying out a measurement.
  • the power loss is determined via a current sensing resistor within the current control device or in some other suitable way.
  • the measuring device can preferably be equipped with an A / D converter. If the current consumption is known, the power consumed can be calculated via the supply voltage present. If the supply voltage rises, the current is reduced in such a way that the power requirement is not exceeded. If the supply voltage drops, the current is increased so that the operation of the measuring device is still possible.
  • the corresponding electronic measuring device for recording a process variable which can be connected to a two-wire line for providing the supply energy and for digital communication with a process control system, is equipped with a Sensor device for measuring the process variables, a control device for controlling components of the sensor device and a current control device with which the current drawn by the measuring device via the two-wire line can be expediently set as a function of the current drawn by the sensor device.
  • the adjustability of the current drawn via the two-wire line ensures that the current consumption is as constant as possible.
  • no measurement of the supply voltage is necessary.
  • One control ensures that the total current remains constant.
  • the other control provides a current setpoint for the former control and ensures that a little current always flows through a shunt arm. This interleaved control ensures that the total current is adapted to the sensor current, while ensuring that the leakage current in the shunt arm is kept to a minimum.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram representation of a measuring device according to the invention according to a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed circuit arrangement of the current control device in
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a measuring device according to the invention in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed circuit arrangement of the current control device in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3,
  • Fig. 5 shows a more detailed circuit arrangement of a charging current limitation in
  • Fig. 6 shows a detailed circuit arrangement of the current control unit in
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram representation of a measuring device according to the invention in accordance with a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a detailed circuit arrangement of the current control device in
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram representation of a measuring device according to the invention in accordance with a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a detailed circuit arrangement of the current control device in
  • the electronic measuring device 100 is used for level measurement according to the radar principle.
  • the measuring device 100 has a two-wire connection 101a, which for Connection to a two-wire line 101 and via this to a fieldbus system is determined. Both the communication and the energy supply use exclusively the two-wire line 101.
  • a power supply unit 112 thereby obtains the necessary supply voltage (Uv) from the power drawn from the bus system.
  • a microcontroller 117 is provided as the control device, which has several
  • Storage units in the form of a program memory 118, a RAM 119 and an EEPROM 120 are connected.
  • the microcontroller 117 controls a transmitting device 114. Radar pulses of the transmitting device 114 are emitted via an antenna 124, which reflect from a product surface (not shown further) and are also picked up again in the opposite direction and converted into electrical pulses. The time between the transmission of the radar pulse and the reception of the reflected signal is a measure of the level.
  • the microcontroller 117 reads the received signals from a receiving device 115 via an A / D converter 123 and evaluates them.
  • the microcontroller 117 communicates with a process control system connected via the two-wire line 101 (likewise not shown) via a digital communication unit 111, which in this respect represents the interface to the outside.
  • the supply voltage i.e. the supply voltage
  • the A / D converter 116 connected in parallel to the two-wire line 101.
  • the microcontroller 117 adjusts the current as a function of the supply voltage via a current control device 122 such that the current consumed is slowly adapted in accordance with the actual power requirement.
  • the current control device 122 receives the setpoint from the microcontroller 117 via a control line 1.
  • the setpoint can be derived from a reference diode during the start-up phase.
  • the current regulating device 122 regulates the current consumption of the measuring device 100 thereon specified target value.
  • the actual value is determined via a current sensing resistor R22, after which the current is set according to the difference from the setpoint.
  • this current control device 122 it is possible to regulate rapid current fluctuations.
  • a measure of the power loss can be determined, for example, via the voltage drop across the resistor R23.
  • the power loss is measured here with the aid of the A / D converter 116. If the power loss is too high, the microcontroller 117 will reduce the setpoint for the current control device 122, in order to thus reduce the total current consumption of the measuring device. This means less power loss is generated and the total power consumption is adapted to the power requirement.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the electronic measuring device 300 according to FIG. 3 is used for level measurement according to the ultrasound principle.
  • the measuring device 300 has a two-wire connection 101a which is used for
  • a power supply unit 312 obtains the necessary supply voltage (Uy) from the power drawn from the bus system.
  • a microcontroller 317 is provided as the control device, which is equipped with several
  • the microcontroller 317 controls an ultrasound transmission device 314 when the transmission voltage measured via an A / D converter 316 has reached a predetermined level. Via a sound transducer 324, ultrasonic pulses from the transmitter 314 are emitted, which are reflected by (a not shown) product surface and are also picked up in the opposite direction and converted into electrical pulses. The time between the transmission of the sound pulse and the reception of the reflected signal is a measure of the level.
  • the microcontroller 317 reads the received signals from a receiving device 315 via an A / D converter 323 and evaluates them.
  • the microcontroller 317 communicates with a process control system connected via the two-wire line 101 (also not shown) via a digital communication unit 311, which in this respect represents the interface to the outside.
  • a buffer capacitor 321 is connected upstream of the ultrasonic transmitter 314, which provides the energy required to excite the ultrasonic transmitter 314.
  • a current limiting device 313 is present between the buffer capacitor 321 and the power pack 312.
  • the supply voltage i.e. the supply voltage
  • the A / D converter 316 connected in parallel to the two-wire line 101.
  • the voltage present on the two-wire line 101 is measured.
  • the microcontroller 317 adjusts the current as a function of the supply voltage via a current control device 322 in such a way that the power consumed is kept approximately constant or is slowly adapted to the actual power requirement or the current remains essentially constant when the power requirement suddenly changes and then slowly decreases or is increased, depending on whether there is a lower or a higher power requirement.
  • the current limiting device 313 ensures a constant charging current in the buffer or transmit capacitor 321.
  • the current limiting device 313 can here be set to any value via a control line 2 through the current regulating device 322, but it is also conceivable to set the current limiting device 313 to a fixed value, that is to say not to be subject to any regulation. If the transmission capacitor 321 is charged and the transmission device 314 is not active, the total power consumed decreases. So that the current consumption remains approximately constant, either the input-side current control device 322 can convert the differential current into heat convert or the transmitter 314 can be briefly stimulated without deriving a measurement from it.
  • the microcontroller 317 detects that the transmit voltage applied to the transmit capacitor 321 has reached a critical level above which the current limiting device 313 can no longer maintain the current through the transmit capacitor 321.
  • the short discharge phase thus initiated is sufficient to subsequently recharge the transmission capacitor 321 with a constant current.
  • the supply voltage of the measuring device 300 is measured with the A / D converter 316.
  • the microcontroller adjusts the measuring device current via the current control device 322 depending on the required power consumption and input voltage.
  • the current control is shown in detail in FIG. 4.
  • This regulation receives the setpoint from the processor via a control line 1.
  • the setpoint can be derived from a reference diode during the start-up phase.
  • the total current consumption of the measuring device 300 is regulated via this setpoint.
  • the actual value is sensed via a current sensing resistor R42 and the current source is set according to the deviation from the setpoint. This is used to quickly regulate current fluctuations.
  • the current flowing off via the current source is in turn sensed via a resistor R43 and serves as an actual value for regulating the charging current limitation, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 5.
  • This regulation has two different time constants. If the actual value is greater than the setpoint, a relatively large time constant acts and if the actual value is smaller than the setpoint, a smaller time constant acts, which means that the control responds faster to this state.
  • the different time constants can be implemented, for example, by a circuit according to FIG. 5.
  • An increase in the actual value causes a diode D53 to block, so that only the resistor R54 is decisive for the time constant of the control. If the actual value decreases, the diode D53 becomes conductive.
  • the parallel connection of the resistors is R55 and R54 take effect, which results in a smaller time constant and thus a faster reaction speed of the control.
  • FIG. 6 shows the time profile of the leakage current through the shunt arm of the current control 322 and the voltage profile at the buffer capacitor for the transmission voltage.
  • the leakage current corresponds to the total current minus the sensor current.
  • the sensor current largely corresponds to the charging current for the buffer capacitor.
  • the basis for the control is that a small current always flows through the cross branch of the current control. This is indicated in the diagrams with the setpoint. If the buffer capacitor is charged before a new transmission process can be started, the charging current drops and the current through the shunt arm increases, see Figure 6.1. The associated course of the voltage across the buffer capacitor is shown in FIG. 6.2.
  • the regulation of the charging current should not be influenced by the increase in the cross current, which represents a positive deviation from the target value, due to the large time constant for this type of deviation.
  • the microcontroller recognizes that power loss arises and reduces the total current consumption by reducing the setpoint for the current control device 332.
  • there are two possible ways of detecting that power loss is occurring Either over the course of the transmission voltage over time or over the frequency with which the transmission device is excited without deriving a measurement from it. Since the buffer capacitor 321 is still charged with the same current, the current profile through the shunt arm is reduced in comparison to FIG. 6.1 and falls below the setpoint, see FIG. 6.3.
  • the regulation for the charging current intervenes and reduces the amount of the charging current.
  • the charging time for the capacitor becomes longer and the current and voltage curve as shown in FIGS. 6.4 and 6.5 will set.
  • the cross current will approach its setpoint more and more, and the voltage at the transmitter capacitor will approach the course of a triangular voltage.
  • the optimal condition has been is set when the current limiting device 313 has just adjusted so that no power loss is generated between the measurements.
  • the electronic measuring device differs from the variant shown in FIG. 3 and described above in that the current control device 722 has no control line to the current limitation 713.
  • This missing control line for current limitation 713 from the current control unit 722 is replaced by a control line (here the control line 2) from the microcontroller.
  • the current control unit 722 rather has a measuring line to the A / D converter (measuring line 1). 8, the current control device 722 receives the
  • the setpoint can be derived from a reference diode during the start-up phase.
  • the current control device regulates the current consumption of the measuring device to this predetermined target value. With this current control device, it is possible to regulate rapid current fluctuations.
  • the measuring device In order for the measuring device to be able to adapt its power consumption to the actual power requirement, its power loss produced must be determined. The power loss produced is determined via the voltage drop across the shunt resistor R83. This voltage drop is measured with the help of the measuring line 1 and the A / D converter 716. If the power loss is too high, the microcontroller 717 will reduce the setpoint for the current control device, in order to reduce the total current consumption of the measuring device.
  • the control process corresponds to that of the previous variant. Only that the hardware control of the current limit 713 is now taken over by the 717 microcontroller.
  • the setpoint for the current limit 713 is specified by the microcontroller 717 via the control line 2.
  • the current limitation will start with a small setpoint and will be gradually increased until the ideal state has been reached that no power loss is generated between the actual measurements.
  • the electronic measuring device 900 according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs from the variant shown in FIG. 5 and described above in that the current regulating device 922 has neither a measuring line nor a control line. If the circuit section behind the current control device 922 draws too much current, the current is temporarily reduced by the current control device 922, so that the total current consumed remains approximately constant.
  • the setpoint for the current control device 922 is traced via the feedback. In the event of a current increase in the remaining circuit parts, this means a long-term increase in the current consumed.
  • the microcontroller 917 determines the power loss and controls the current limiting device 413 which can be set here via the control line 430, as required. Otherwise, the other components of this measuring device 900 are identified by the same reference numerals as the corresponding components in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, but increased by the value 800.
  • the current control device 922 contains two subordinate control loops.
  • the second regulation (regulation 2) ensures that the total current remains constant as in the previous versions. So that the control system can properly compensate for fluctuations in the useful current, a certain current must always flow through the shunt through resistor R103.
  • the control compares its setpoint with the actual value of the total current, which it determines via the voltage drop across resistor R102, and adjusts the current source in the shunt arm according to the difference in currents.
  • the setpoint for control 2 is provided by the output of control 1.
  • Control 1 is responsible for ensuring that a little current always flows through the shunt arm. It gets its setpoint e.g. delivered via a reference diode (D101) and compares this value with the actual value, e.g. on the
  • Voltage drop across resistor R103 can be determined.
  • the nested control ensures that the total current is adjusted to the sensor current, taking care that the leakage current in the shunt arm is kept to a minimum.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments which have only been given preferably above. Rather, modifications of this are also conceivable which, despite a different design, intervene in the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the invention is not limited to electronic measuring devices which are used in the context of an ultrasonic level measuring device.
  • a sensor unit operating according to another suitable measuring principle - such as a radar sensor unit
  • a sensor unit based on the principle of the guided micro wave or the like - can be used.
  • the current control is arranged between the two-wire connection and the digital communication unit.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de mesure pour détecter une variable de processus. Ledit appareil peut être raccordé à une ligne à deux fils (101) pour assurer l'alimentation en énergie et la communication numérique avec un système de guidage du processus. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé permettant d'actionner un dispositif de mesure de ce type. Un dispositif de mesure selon l'invention comprend un dispositif de détection (114, 115, 123, 124 ; 314, 315, 323, 324) pour mesurer les variables du processus, un dispositif de commande (117, 317) pour piloter des composants dudit dispositif de mesure, un dispositif de mesure de la tension (116 ; 316) pour mesurer la tension d'alimentation régnant au niveau de la ligne à deux fils (101) et une unité de régulation du courant (122 ; 322) permettant de moduler en temps utile le courant destiné à alimenter le dispositif de mesure en fonction de la tension d'alimentation mesurée par le dispositif de mesure de la tension (9 ; 316).
EP01998948A 2000-12-01 2001-11-27 Appareil de mesure electronique pour detecter une variable de processus, et procede pour actionner un tel dispositif de mesure Withdrawn EP1337987A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000159815 DE10059815A1 (de) 2000-12-01 2000-12-01 Elektronische Messvorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Prozessvariablen, insbesondere Radar- oder Ultraschall-Füllstandsmessvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Messvorrichtung
DE10059815 2000-12-01
PCT/EP2001/013837 WO2002045045A1 (fr) 2000-12-01 2001-11-27 Appareil de mesure electronique pour detecter une variable de processus, et procede pour actionner un tel dispositif de mesure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1337987A1 true EP1337987A1 (fr) 2003-08-27

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EP01998948A Withdrawn EP1337987A1 (fr) 2000-12-01 2001-11-27 Appareil de mesure electronique pour detecter une variable de processus, et procede pour actionner un tel dispositif de mesure

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1337987A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100401332C (fr)
AU (1) AU2002218316A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10059815A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002045045A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1174841A1 (fr) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-23 VEGA Grieshaber KG Circuit d'économie d'énergie pour un dispositif de mesure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO0245045A1 *

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WO2002045045A1 (fr) 2002-06-06
CN1568490A (zh) 2005-01-19
AU2002218316A1 (en) 2002-06-11
CN100401332C (zh) 2008-07-09
DE10059815A1 (de) 2002-06-13

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