EP1325269A1 - Fahrzeugklimaanlage unter verwendung eines überkritischen kreislaufes - Google Patents

Fahrzeugklimaanlage unter verwendung eines überkritischen kreislaufes

Info

Publication number
EP1325269A1
EP1325269A1 EP01980592A EP01980592A EP1325269A1 EP 1325269 A1 EP1325269 A1 EP 1325269A1 EP 01980592 A EP01980592 A EP 01980592A EP 01980592 A EP01980592 A EP 01980592A EP 1325269 A1 EP1325269 A1 EP 1325269A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
evaporator
loop
reference value
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01980592A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1325269B1 (de
Inventor
Mohamed Ben Yahia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Climatisation SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Climatisation SA filed Critical Valeo Climatisation SA
Publication of EP1325269A1 publication Critical patent/EP1325269A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1325269B1 publication Critical patent/EP1325269B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/13—Mass flow of refrigerants
    • F25B2700/135—Mass flow of refrigerants through the evaporator
    • F25B2700/1352—Mass flow of refrigerants through the evaporator at the inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air conditioning device, in particular for the passenger compartment of a vehicle, and to a method for controlling a loop of refrigerant fluid in such a device, said loop containing a compressor capable of receiving the fluid in the state gaseous and compressing it, a fluid cooler capable of cooling the fluid compressed by the compressor, at substantially constant pressure, by transferring heat to a first medium, a pressure reducing valve capable of lowering the pressure of the fluid leaving the fluid cooler bringing it at least partly to the liquid state and an evaporator capable of passing the liquid state of the fluid in the gaseous state coming from the pressure reducer, at substantially constant pressure, by taking heat from a second medium for cooling the space to be conditioned, the fluid thus vaporized then being sucked in by the compressor, the loop also containing an internal heat exchanger allowing the circulating fluid culant in a first path of the internal exchanger, between the fluid cooler and the expansion valve, c-ced-r heat to the fluid flowing in a second path of the internal exchanger, between the
  • This compound has a relatively low critical pressure, which is exceeded during compression of the fluid by the compressor, so that the fluid is then cooled without phase change by the fluid cooler which replaces the condenser of the traditional loop.
  • the fluid cooler which replaces the condenser of the traditional loop.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the operation of the loop so as to avoid this drawback.
  • the evaporator must not have an overheating zone, in other words that the fluid vaporizes until the end of its path in one evaporator.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method of the kind defined in the introduction, and provides for monitoring a first condition capable of revealing the presence of fluid in the liquid state in said first path, and for reducing the flow rate of the fluid in the loop when said first condition is satisfied.
  • This regulation mode based on a thermodynamic principle, allows rapid stabilization of the loop regime, without oscillation. In particular, it prevents the appearance of a cold spike when the vehicle accelerates.
  • T ec , T se and T sr are respectively the temperatures at the inlet of the compressor, at the outlet of the evaporator and at the outlet of the cooler, is less than a reference value ⁇ 0 .
  • the flow rate is adjusted by acting on the regulator.
  • ⁇ is less and greater than the reference value when T ec is less and greater than said reference value respectively.
  • the compressor is of the variable displacement type with external control.
  • the compressor compresses the fluid to a supercritical pressure.
  • the invention also relates to an air conditioning device, in particular for the passenger compartment of a vehicle, suitable for implementing the method as defined above, comprising a coolant loop as defined, means for monitoring to monitor a first condition capable of revealing the presence of fluid in the liquid state in said second path, and optionally a second condition capable of revealing the existence of an overheating zone in the evaporator, and means for controlling the flow of the fluid in the loop according to the result of this monitoring.
  • the device according to the invention can include at least some of the following features:
  • the monitoring means include means for evaluating the temperatures T ⁇ c , T se and T sr respectively at the inlet of the compressor, at the outlet of the evaporator and at the outlet of the cooler, means for calculating from
  • the means for evaluating said temperatures comprise at least one temperature sensor in thermal contact with the fluid.
  • the means for evaluating the temperature T se include a temperature sensor in thermal contact with an air flow having swept the evaporator.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation in the efficiency ⁇ as a function of the flow rate Q of the fluid, for an exchanger typical internal heat usable in the process and in the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a coolant loop belonging to a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the method and the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the known structure of an air conditioning loop of the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in a supercritical thermodynamic cycle.
  • a compressor 1 compresses the fluid to bring it to the supercritical state, after which the "luide passes through ⁇ a ⁇ fluid cooler 2.
  • the fluid leaving the cooler 2 travels along a path 3-1 of a heat exchanger internal 3, then goes through a pressure reducer, 4 to reach a 5 "evaporator. Downstream of the evaporator, the fluid passes through a reservoir 6 then travels a path 3-2 of the internal exchanger 3 before returning to the compressor 1.
  • the paths 3-1 and 3-2 are located side by side and at against the current, that is to say that the input el and the output si of the path 3-1 are adjacent respectively to the output s2 and to the input e2 of the path 3-2. Under these conditions, we define for the internal exchanger an efficiency ⁇ given by equation [1]
  • T ec , T se and T sr are respectively the temperatures of the fluid at the inlet of the compressor 1 (or at the outlet s2), at the outlet of the evaporator 5 (or at the inlet e2) and at the outlet from cooler 2 (or inlet el).
  • the efficiency ⁇ is a decreasing function of the mass flow rate Q of the fluid in the loop, according to a curve of which an example is represented by the curve C 2 in Figure 1.
  • This curve extends from point A to point B corresponding respectively to the minimum and maximum flow rates that can be obtained in the loop. Between these, it only depends on the geometrical characteristics of the internal exchanger and the nature of the fluid.
  • FIG 3 which shows an air conditioning device according to the invention
  • a flow sensor 7 placed upstream of the evaporator 5 so as to measure the mass flow rate of the fluid passing through it in the liquid state
  • two temperature sensors 10 and 11 associated with respective reading blocks 12 and 13, intended to measure the temperature of the fluid respectively between the outlet of the fluid cooler 2 and the inlet el of the path 3-1 of the internal exchanger 3, and between the outlet s2 of the path 3-2 of the latter and the inlet of the compressor 1.
  • Another sensor 14, associated with a reading block 15 measures the temperature of an air flow F after it has passed through the evaporator 5 under the action of a blower 16, this air flow being intended to be sent into the cabin of the vehicle to adjust the temperature prevailing therein.
  • the temperature T sr at the outlet of the cooler 2 (or at the inlet el) and the temperature of the cooled air are sent by the blocks 12 and 15 respectively to a processing block 17 also connected to the sensor of flow 7, which calculates from these measured values - with if necessary a correction to take account of the difference between the temperature of the cooled air and the temperature T se at the outlet of the evaporator 2 (or at 1 ' input e2) - a setpoint T ec cons that the temperature T ec of the fluid should have at the input of compressor 1 (or at output s2) so that the efficiency ⁇ of the internal exchanger 3, calculated according to l 'equation [1], takes a reference value ⁇ p equal to the ordinate of point P of the curve C 1 which has the abscissa the flow rate Q p measured by the sensor 7.
  • T ec The real value of T ec , supplied by the block 13, is compared to this set value by a comparator 18. If T ec ⁇ T ec cons , this means that the actual efficiency is lower than the reference value, and therefore that the representative point of --l e efficiency on the graph of ia ⁇ Figure 11 is below the curve C x , so on one of s sections C 2 and C 3 , indicating the presence of liquid in the internal exchanger.
  • the comparator 18 ′ then generates an error signal 19 which is transmitted to a regulator 20, which acts on a control block 21 which controls the regulator 4, so as to reduce the flow rate.
  • the mass flow rate of the fluid can be determined by other means than the sensor 7.
  • the volume flow rate of the fluid in the compressor can be determined from the displacement and the speed of the latter, and the mass flow is deduced therefrom taking into account the density of the fluid, which is a function of the nature of the latter, of the temperature and of the pressure.
  • the fluid flow rate is not taken into account, and the efficiency ⁇ is compared to a reference value ⁇ m equal to the ordinate of point B.
  • the inequality ⁇ ⁇ m then means that the point representative of the efficiency is found on one of the sections C and C 3 , below the point K of the section C 2 having the abscissa ⁇ ⁇ , requiring a reduction — of the ⁇ "flow rate. If, here again, it is desired avoid or minimize - the evaporator overheating zone, the regulator will be controlled so as to maintain the efficiency at the value ⁇ m , thus achieving regulation around point K, or bringing the operating point to point B The flow corresponding to point K is very close to that corresponding to point L.
  • the invention is not limited to monitoring the efficiency of the internal exchanger as an indicator of the presence of fluid in the liquid state in the first path or of the existence of a overheating zone in the evaporator. These phenomena can be detected by other means, for example using specific sensors assigned to the internal exchanger and / or the evaporator.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP01980592A 2000-10-12 2001-10-09 Fahrzeugklimaanlage unter verwendung eines überkritischen kreislaufes Expired - Lifetime EP1325269B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013074 2000-10-12
FR0013074A FR2815397B1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Dispositif de climatisation de vehicule utilisant un cycle supercritique
PCT/FR2001/003115 WO2002031416A1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2001-10-09 Dispositif de climatisation de vehicule utilisant un cycle supercritique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1325269A1 true EP1325269A1 (de) 2003-07-09
EP1325269B1 EP1325269B1 (de) 2006-04-05

Family

ID=8855277

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01980592A Expired - Lifetime EP1325269B1 (de) 2000-10-12 2001-10-09 Fahrzeugklimaanlage unter verwendung eines überkritischen kreislaufes

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6786057B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1325269B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004511747A (de)
AU (1) AU2002212405A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60118588T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2261492T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2815397B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002031416A1 (de)

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US6505475B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2003-01-14 Hudson Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring and improving efficiency in refrigeration systems
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US6694763B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-02-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Method for operating a transcritical refrigeration system
CH695464A5 (de) * 2002-06-12 2006-05-31 Felix Kalberer Wärmepumpe.
EP1369648A3 (de) * 2002-06-04 2004-02-04 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Kreislaufanlage mit überkritischem Kältemittel
JP4114471B2 (ja) * 2002-12-06 2008-07-09 株式会社デンソー 冷凍サイクル装置
US7665321B2 (en) * 2002-12-11 2010-02-23 Bms-Energietechnik Ag Evaporation process control used in refrigeration
JP4143434B2 (ja) * 2003-02-03 2008-09-03 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 超臨界冷媒を用いた車両用空調装置
US7089760B2 (en) * 2003-05-27 2006-08-15 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Air-conditioner
FR2862573B1 (fr) * 2003-11-25 2006-01-13 Valeo Climatisation Installation de climatisation de vehicule
JP2006183950A (ja) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍装置及び冷蔵庫
KR101261046B1 (ko) * 2005-09-21 2013-05-06 한라비스테온공조 주식회사 공조장치용 초임계 냉매 시스템의 제어구조 및 방법
FR2913102B1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2012-11-16 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Installation de climatisation equipee d'une vanne de detente electrique
DE102007035110A1 (de) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-22 Visteon Global Technologies Inc., Van Buren Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
WO2009065233A1 (de) * 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Remo Meister Anlage für die kälte-, heiz- oder klimatechnik, insbesondere kälteanlagen
US9696074B2 (en) * 2014-01-03 2017-07-04 Woodward, Inc. Controlling refrigeration compression systems
DE102020115274A1 (de) 2020-06-09 2021-12-09 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kompressionskälteanlage

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002212405A1 (en) 2002-04-22
DE60118588D1 (de) 2006-05-18
US20030159452A1 (en) 2003-08-28
WO2002031416A1 (fr) 2002-04-18
FR2815397B1 (fr) 2004-06-25
FR2815397A1 (fr) 2002-04-19
EP1325269B1 (de) 2006-04-05
JP2004511747A (ja) 2004-04-15
ES2261492T3 (es) 2006-11-16
DE60118588T2 (de) 2007-04-26
US6786057B2 (en) 2004-09-07

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