Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
  • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
  • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
  • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
  • B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
  • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
  • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
  • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
  • B60H2001/3285—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an expansion unit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2600/00—Control issues
  • F25B2600/19—Refrigerant outlet condenser temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2600/00—Control issues
  • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
  • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
  • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
  • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
  • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the field of the present invention is that of refrigerant fluid circuits for a vehicle, especially for a motor vehicle.
• Motor vehicles are commonly equipped with a refrigerant circuit used to heat or cool different areas or different components of the vehicle. It is in particular known to use this refrigerant circuit to thermally treat a flow of air into the passenger compartment of the vehicle equipped with such a circuit.
• the life of the electrical storage device depends on the homogeneity of the temperature that prevails within the electrical storage device. Indeed, it is necessary to limit the temperature difference of the heat transfer fluid between its input and its output of the electrical storage device to a maximum of, for example 5 ° C. Such a constraint imposes a minimum flow rate of the heat transfer fluid within the electrical storage device, within the refrigerant / heat transfer fluid heat exchanger, and more generally within the heat transfer fluid loop.
• the cooling requirement of the electrical storage device may vary, for example according to the energy requirement of the vehicle or according to the temperature outside the electrical storage device.
• the minimum flow of heat transfer fluid limits the possibilities of varying the cooling of the electrical storage device.
• adaptability of the need for cooling of the storage device and temperature homogeneity within the same electrical storage device are objectives that the prior art did not know how to combine correctly.
• the invention fits into this context and proposes a technical solution that contributes to the achievement of this dual objective, that is to say, to adapt the thermal power of the heat exchanger dedicated to the cooling of the electrical storage device. while limiting the temperature difference of the coolant within the electrical storage device to a maximum of 5 ° C, for example. It is thus possible to limit the overall consumption of the refrigerant circuit, avoiding the generation of a surplus of power finally useless compared to the cooling requirements of the electrical storage device.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a circuit for a motor vehicle, configured to be traversed by a refrigerant fluid, the circuit comprising at least one device for compressing the refrigerant fluid, the circuit comprising a first branch and a second branch that extend between a point of divergence and a point of convergence, the first branch comprising at least a first heat exchanger and a first expansion member, the second branch comprising at least a second expansion member, the circuit further comprising a first portion which extends between the compression device and the divergence point and which comprises a third heat exchanger, and a second portion which extends between the convergence point and the compression device, characterized in that it comprises a device for control configured to drive the first detent member so as to operate the first heat exchanger heat at a determined power lower than its maximum power.
• control device is configured to control the second expansion member so as to reach a subcooling value of the refrigerant strictly greater than o ° C, especially greater than 5 ° C.
• This control of the second detent member may be delayed or simultaneous to the control of the first detent member.
• the sub-cooling value is a target value which makes it possible to maintain proper operation of the refrigerant circuit, especially when it is equipped with a heat exchanger dedicated to the heat treatment of an electrical storage device of the vehicle.
• This sub-cooling value is equal to the difference between the condensing temperature of the refrigerant at the pressure considered and the temperature of the same fluid measured at the outlet of the third heat exchanger. More precisely, the temperature value is between 5 ° C and 22 ° C.
• the coolant is for example a subcritical fluid, such as that known under the reference R134A or 1234YF.
• the fluid can be supercritical, such as the carbon dioxide whose reference is R744.
• the refrigerant circuit according to the invention is a closed circuit which implements a thermodynamic cycle.
• the compression device is for example a compressor, and the invention finds a particular application when the compressor is an electric compressor with fixed displacement and variable speed. It is thus possible to control the thermal power of the circuit according to the invention.
• the first branch is in parallel with the second branch, as seen from the refrigerant fluid.
• the point of divergence is the area of the circuit where the first portion splits in two, forming the first branch and the second branch.
• the point of convergence is the area of the circuit where the first branch and the second branch form a single conduit, which here takes the form of the second portion of the circuit.
• the first heat exchanger exchanges heat between the refrigerant and a heat transfer fluid of a heat transfer fluid loop, the latter being intended to transport the calories from an electrical storage device to the first heat exchanger. It is understood here that the cooling of the electrical storage device is indirect. Alternatively, the first heat exchanger may be in contact with the electrical storage device. In such a case, the cooling of the electrical storage device is direct.
• the third heat exchanger can be installed on the front of the vehicle.
• This third heat exchanger can thus be used as a condenser or gas cooler in the case of a super-critical fluid.
• this third heat exchanger can be used as an evaporator.
• This third Heat exchanger can also be arranged in a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system of the vehicle. In such a case, the third heat exchanger is used as a condenser, or gas cooler in the case of a supercritical fluid.
• the first expansion member and the second expansion member may be electrically actuated expansion members, driven for example by electronic means.
• the first detent member and / or the second detent member are therefore controlled electrically or electronically.
• the control device may for example take the form of an electronic unit capable of acting on an opening or closing of the first detent member and / or the second detent member.
• Such an electronic unit drives the first detent member so as to operate the first heat exchanger at a determined power lower than its maximum power.
• the power determined is a reflection of a request for cooling of the electrical storage device which is less than a maximum cooling demand, the latter corresponding to the maximum power that the first heat exchanger is capable of delivering. To do this, the first detent member tends to close, limiting the flow of refrigerant flowing therethrough.
• the electronic unit controls or acts on the second expansion member so as to reach a subcooling value of the refrigerant strictly greater than o ° C, in particular equal to or greater than 5 ° C, and for example at most equal to 22 ° C.
• a subcooling value of the refrigerant strictly greater than o ° C, in particular equal to or greater than 5 ° C, and for example at most equal to 22 ° C.
• the subcooling of the refrigerant is to lower the temperature of this fluid below its condensation temperature, for the case of a subcritical fluid for example.
• the temperature value that is the subject of the invention is therefore a difference between the condensing temperature of the refrigerant, at a temperature of given pressure, and the temperature of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state measured in situ, at any point of the circuit between an output of the third heat exchanger and the point of divergence, this difference must be strictly greater than o ° C but may be be between 5 ° C and 22 ° C as mentioned above.
• the first heat exchanger is configured to heat-treat an electrical storage device of the vehicle. It is thus specifically dedicated to this electrical storage device and does not have the function of cooling another component.
• the circuit according to the invention may comprise a refrigerant storage device arranged in the second portion of the circuit.
• the refrigerant storage device may be disposed in the first portion of the circuit.
• the circuit may further comprise a device for detecting the temperature of the coolant disposed in the first portion of the circuit, the detection device communicating information to the control device and from which the control device controls the second expansion member.
• the circuit may also include a refrigerant temperature sensing element disposed in the second portion of the circuit.
• this detection element is upstream of the accumulation device, when the latter is disposed upstream of the compression device.
• the sensing element may also be between the accumulation device and the compression device. In both cases, this detection element communicates information to the control device relating to the temperature of the refrigerant which is directed towards the accumulation device.
• the sensing element measures the overheating of the refrigerant at the outlet of the first heat exchanger and / or the second heat exchanger.
• the second branch comprises a second heat exchanger.
• This second heat exchanger is used as an evaporator and is housed in the ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning of the motor vehicle.
• the invention also relates to a thermal treatment system for a motor vehicle, comprising an electrical storage device of the motor vehicle and a circuit according to any one of the embodiments described herein, where the first heat exchanger co-operates. with the electrical storage device so as to ensure its cooling.
• Such a system may include a ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
• the second branch of the circuit then comprises a second heat exchanger disposed in, that is to say within, the ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning.
• the invention also covers a method for controlling the thermal power delivered to an electrical storage device of a motor vehicle, implementing a circuit traversed by a refrigerant fluid, the circuit comprising at least one device for compressing the refrigerant fluid, the circuit comprising a first branch and a second branch which extend between a point of divergence and a point of convergence, the first branch comprising at least a first heat exchanger associated with the electrical storage device and a first expansion member, the second branch comprising at least a second expansion member, the circuit further comprising a first portion extending between the compression device and the point of divergence and which comprises a third heat exchanger, and a second portion extending between the point of convergence and the compression device, in which process a uses the thermal power of the first heat exchanger at a determined thermal power lower than its maximum power by driving the first expansion member.
• the second expansion member is controlled so as to reach a sub-cooling temperature value of the cooling fluid. strictly greater than o ° C, especially greater than 5 ° C.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the circuit according to the invention, in a first embodiment
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the circuit according to the invention, in a second embodiment
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thermal system incorporating a circuit according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• the circuit according to the invention mainly comprises a device for compressing the refrigerant fluid, heat exchangers, expansion members, pipes connecting each of these components, and optionally valves or valves.
• the circuit also includes a control device that acts on some of these components.
• upstream and downstream employed in the description which follows refer to the flow direction of the fluid in question, that is to say the coolant, an interior air flow sent to a passenger compartment of the vehicle or an air flow. outside the vehicle cabin.
• FIG. 1 thus shows a circuit 1 inside which a refrigerating fluid FR circulates.
• This circuit 1 is a closed loop where the coolant is circulated by a compression device 2, which takes for example the form of an electric compressor.
• the refrigerant FR begins its circuit at an output 3 of the compression device 2 and returns to an inlet 4 of the same compression device 2.
• the circuit 1 comprises a first portion 5, at least two parallel branches 6, 7 and a second portion 8.
• the first portion 5 extends from the outlet 3 of the compression device 2 at a point of divergence 9, where a first branch 6 and a second branch 7 separate.
• the first portion 5 of the circuit 1 comprises at least one heat exchanger, hereinafter called third heat exchanger 10, which is installed directly downstream of the outlet 3 of the compression device 2, in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant when it go through the first portion 5.
• a refrigerant accumulator device 11 is disposed in the first portion 5 of the circuit 1, immediately downstream of the third heat exchanger 10.
• the accumulator device 11 is a desiccant bottle which can advantageously be integrated in the third heat exchanger 10.
• the third heat exchanger 10 can be installed opposite the front face of the vehicle equipped with the circuit 1 according to the invention and it is in this situation traversed by a outside air flow 31 to the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the first branch 6 and the second branch 7 start at the point of divergence 9 and meet at a point of convergence 12.
• the first branch 6 comprises at least one expansion member, hereinafter called first expansion member 13, a first heat exchanger 14 and pipes between these components.
• the first expansion member 13 acts on a thermal power implemented by the first exchanger 14, being able to vary this thermal power of the maximum power of the first heat exchanger 14 at all thermal power below this maximum power, in particular by reducing the passage section of the coolant in the first expansion member 13.
• the second branch 7 may consist of a single pipe which joins the point of divergence 9 to the convergence point 12, such a pipe nevertheless comprising an expansion member, hereinafter called the second expansion member 15.
• the second branch 7 can comprise another heat exchanger, called second heat exchanger 16, installed between the second expansion member 15 and the convergence point 12.
• the second expansion member 15 can thus control the flow of refrigerant flowing through the second branch 7, in particular within the second heat exchanger 16, such a flow being a function of the thermal power of the first heat exchanger 14 when it is limited.
• the second heat exchanger 16 can be installed inside a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system which cooperates with the circuit 1, to form a heat treatment system for the motor vehicle. This second heat exchanger 16 can then be used as an evaporator to cool an interior air flow 32 which is sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the refrigerant circuit 1 FR terminates in the second portion 8, the latter portion extending between the convergence point 12 and the inlet 4 of the compression device 2.
• the circuit 1 described above is intended to thermally treat an electrical storage device 17 which equips the motor vehicle.
• an electrical storage device accumulates or restores electrical energy in order to set the motor vehicle in motion, via a dedicated electric motor.
• This is for example a battery pack containing several electric cells that store the electric current.
• the first heat exchanger 14 is thermally associated with the electrical storage device 17. According to a first alternative, the first heat exchanger 14 directly exchanges calories with the electrical storage device 7, by convection or conduction. This is a direct thermal treatment of the electrical storage device 17.
• the first heat exchanger 14 is thermally associated with the electrical storage device 17 via a loop 18 of heat transfer fluid FC, the latter being set in motion by a pump 19. indirect heat treatment of the electrical storage device 17.
• the heat transfer fluid FC thus captures the calories at the electrical storage device 17 and transports them to the first heat exchanger 14.
• the refrigerant circuit 1 FR further comprises means for acquiring information relating to the circuit 1 or the electrical storage device 17, and means for acting on the components of this circuit 1 so as to reach fixed instructions, especially temperatures. of refrigerant at the outlet of the third heat exchanger 10 and a temperature of This storage circuit 17 is controlled by a control device 20 which may take the form of a housing or an electronic unit.
• the control device 20 is electrically connected to the first expansion element 13 as well as to the second expansion element 15, and it is connected to the vehicle electrical network by a power supply 28 and by control signals 29.
• control device 20 acts, by a first control 24, on the first expansion member 13 so as to adapt the cooling power of the first heat exchanger 14 to the cooling requirements 26 required by the electrical storage device 17.
• the control device 20 acts, by a first control 24, on the first expansion member 13 so as to adapt the cooling power of the first heat exchanger 14 to the cooling requirements 26 required by the electrical storage device 17.
• the 20 acts, by a second control 25, on the second expansion member 15, so as to maintain a sub-cooling temperature value of the refrigerant FR at a level compatible with the cooling of the thermal storage device 17.
• This value of temperature is determined by measuring the temperature of the refrigerant FR between an outlet 21 of the third heat exchanger 10 and an inlet 22, 23 of one or the other of the expansion members 13, 15, and subtracting this measurement from the condensation temperature of the refrigerant.
• a device 33 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant fluid is inserted into the circuit 1 so as to measure the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR in situ.
• This detection device 33 which may take the form of a pressure / temperature sensor, sends what it measures to the control device 20 via the information 27.
• control device 20 is advantageously able to drive the compression device 2, via a third control 30.
• control 20 thus acts on the speed of rotation of the compression device 2, especially when it is a compressor with an integrated electric motor and fixed displacement.
• the refrigerant circuit 1 FR which has just been described in detail is as follows. By way of example, this operation is described for a cooling mode of the passenger compartment simultaneously with a cooling mode of the electric storage device 17, for a subcritical refrigerant fluid.
• a circuit 1 can also be used in heat pump or dehumidification mode of the indoor airflow 32, as is the case of the third embodiment illustrated in FIG.
• the compression device 2 raises the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR, which through the third heat exchanger 10 gives up its calories to the outside air flow 31. In doing so, the cooling fluid FR condenses, and a liquid phase of it accumulates in the accumulation device 11, in the situation of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
• the coolant FR in the liquid state reaches the point of divergence 9 and separates into a first portion which supplies the first expansion member 13, and a second portion which supplies the second expansion member 15.
• the electrical storage device 17 discloses its need for cooling 26 to the control device 20. According to the invention, it then drives the first expansion member 13 and adjusts the refrigerant flow rate so as to achieve without exceeding the cooling requirement of the device of In a situation where the need is lower than the maximum thermal power that can be generated by the first heat exchanger 14, the control device 20 limits the amount of coolant sent to this heat exchanger, reducing the cross-section of the heat exchanger. passage of the first expansion member 13. The thermal power of the first heat exchanger 14 is then reduced for metr e in adequacy with the need of the electrical storage device 17.
• the control device 20 anticipates this situation by guaranteeing that the refrigerating fluid FR downstream of the third heat exchanger 10 is undercooled, that is to say with a temperature difference between measured temperature and condensation temperature at least greater than 0 ° C, and for example greater than or equal to 5 ° C. This objective is achieved by controlling a circulation of refrigerant fluid FR in the second branch 7, by opening in a controlled manner the second expansion member 15.
• the first heat exchanger 14 then behaves like an evaporator.
• the second heat exchanger 16 can also be used as an evaporator to cool the interior air flow 32 sent into the passenger compartment.
• FIG. 1 shows the circuit 1 according to a second embodiment.
• This circuit 1 is identical to the circuit 1 presented in connection with Figure 1 except for the position and type of storage device, and by the addition of a refrigerant temperature sensing element.
• the accumulation device 11 is disposed in the second portion 8, between the convergence point 12 and the inlet 4 of the compression device 2.
• the accumulation device 11 takes the form of an accumulator, in which the liquid phase contained in the refrigerant FR accumulates in the accumulator, and in which the gaseous phase of this same refrigerant FR is sucked by the compression device 2.
• the control device 20 controls the refrigerant circulation in the second branch 7 by opening the second expansion member 15 , thus allowing a part of the refrigerant fluid in the two-phase state to reach the point of convergence 12.
• the control of the opening of the second expansion member 15 makes it possible to ensure a mixture between the superheated refrigerant from the first branch 6 and the two-phase refrigerant from the second branch 7, so that the refrigerant admitted to the inlet of the accumulation device 11 and then to the suction of the compressor is in a state biphasic.
• a detection element 46 which can take the form of a pressure / temperature sensor, is disposed either in the second portion 8 of the refrigerant circuit, for example between the convergence point 12 and a inlet 35 of the accumulation device 11, or between an outlet 34 of the first heat exchanger 14 and the convergence point 12.
• the presence of the subcooling of the refrigerant FR is detected by the detection device 33, while the presence an overheating of the refrigerant FR between the point of convergence 12 and the inlet 35 of the accumulation device 11 is detected by the detection element 46 and sent via the information 47 to the control device 20.
• the detected superheat is quantified precisely by virtue of the temperature information measured by the detection element 46.
• the control device 20 can act ur the second expansion member 15, opening it so as to allow a passage of the refrigerant fluid in the two-phase state in the second branch 7, to join the superheated refrigerant FR from the first heat exchanger 14. It can thus checking the value of the enthalpy of the coolant resulting from the mixing of the fluid coming from the second branch 7 and the fluid coming from the first branch 6. In other words, it is possible to control the enthalpy of the refrigerant mixture. It is thus possible to control the title of the mixture. This overheating is thus corrected so as to bring the title of the coolant to a value close to 0.95.
• FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the refrigerant circuit 1, incorporated in a motor vehicle heat treatment system, the system comprising an electrical storage device 17 of the motor vehicle and a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation. 36 shown schematically. This heating and / or air-conditioning ventilation system 36 channels the interior air flow 32 to send it heat-treated into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• FIG. 3 shows the circuit 1 according to the third embodiment.
• This circuit 1 is identical to the circuit 1 presented in connection with FIG. 2, reference will be made to the description of FIG. 2 to find the means of implementing the components and the architecture of the circuit 1 of FIG. 3.
• This third embodiment of the circuit 1 offers additional functionalities such as a heat pump mode for heating the interior air flow 32, with recovery of the calories on the third heat exchanger 10 and / or on the first heat exchanger 14 and / or on the second heat exchanger 16, while cooling the electric storage device 17 via an adaptation of the power delivered by the first heat exchanger 14.
• the circuit 1 of this third embodiment comprises a fourth heat exchanger 37 disposed in the first portion 5 of the circuit 1. View of the refrigerant, this fourth exchanger is disposed between the outlet 3 of the compression device 2 and an inlet 38 of the third heat exchanger 10. Physically, this fourth heat exchanger 37 is positioned inside the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning unit 36 and is used as an evaporator to transmit the calories to the heat flow. indoor air 32, when the circuit 1 operates in heat pump mode.
• a third expansion member 39 is also part of this circuit 1, and it is disposed in the first portion 5 of the circuit 1, in particular between the fourth heat exchanger 37 and the inlet 38 of the third heat exchanger 10. detent 39 is controlled by a signal 45 and is placed under the control device 20.
• This third expansion member 39 allows the third heat exchanger 10 to operate as an evaporator, when the circuit 1 is in heat pump mode.
• the third embodiment of the circuit 1 is further distinguished from the second embodiment by the presence of a bypass channel 40 which connects an outlet 41 of the fourth heat exchanger 37 and the point of divergence 9.
• the circulation of the refrigerant in this bypass channel 40 is placed under the control of a first stop valve 42.
• This bypass channel 40 and this first stop valve 42 are operated in two modes that may be exclusive or complementary: a dehumidification mode of the flow indoor air 32, where it is necessary to heat the air flow while drying through the second heat exchanger 16 which operates in evaporator mode; a heat recovery mode on the electric storage device 17, where the hot point of the thermodynamic cycle is carried out simultaneously by the first heat exchanger 14 and by the third heat exchanger 10.
• the circuit 1 shown in FIG. 3 also comprises a non-return valve
• this nonreturn valve 43 which prohibits any circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR from the point of divergence 9 to the third heat exchanger 10. On the contrary, this nonreturn valve allows the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR from the outlet 21 of the third heat exchanger 10. This non-return valve 43 is of interest in the operating modes where the bypass channel 40 is used.
• a second stop valve 44 is also included in this circuit 1. This is arranged in the first portion 5 of the circuit 1, between the outlet 21 of the third heat exchanger 10 and the point of convergence 12. This second valve 'stop
• This stop valve 44 is closed when the third heat exchanger 10 is used as a condenser, that is to say in cooling mode of the passenger compartment and / or the electrical storage device 17. This stop valve 44 is also open when the third heat exchanger 10 is used as an evaporator, i.e. in heat pump mode for heating the inner air flow 32 by heat exchange with the fourth heat exchanger 37.
• the control device 20 adjusts the heat capacity of the first heat exchanger 14 to the requirements of cooling requested by the electrical storage device 17, controlling the first expansion member 13.
• a sub-cooling temperature value at least greater than o ° C, and in particular equal to or greater than 5 ° C, is also referred to by acting on the second expansion member 15. If the sub-cooling temperature value of the refrigerant FR is greater than a set subcooling value, the second expansion member 15 tends to increase the circulation of refrigerant fluid FR in the second branch 7. In the opposite case, the second expansion member 15 tends to limit the circulation of refrigerant fluid FR in the second branch 7.
• the present invention thus makes it possible to simply provide, at optimized costs and without unnecessary excess of power, the heat treatment of an electrical storage device, such as a battery or a battery pack, configured for supplying electric power to an electric drive motor of the vehicle.
• an electrical storage device such as a battery or a battery pack
• the invention can not, however, be limited to the means and configurations described and illustrated here, and it also extends to any equivalent means or configurations and any technically operating combination of such means.
• the architecture of the refrigerant circuit can be modified without harming the invention insofar as it fulfills the functionalities described in this document.

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-11-21 FR FR1761020A patent/FR3073935B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2018
  • 2018-11-20 WO PCT/EP2018/081914 patent/WO2019101735A1/fr unknown
  • 2018-11-20 EP EP18803997.8A patent/EP3714221A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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