EP1318696A1 - Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke - Google Patents
Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1318696A1 EP1318696A1 EP01128278A EP01128278A EP1318696A1 EP 1318696 A1 EP1318696 A1 EP 1318696A1 EP 01128278 A EP01128278 A EP 01128278A EP 01128278 A EP01128278 A EP 01128278A EP 1318696 A1 EP1318696 A1 EP 1318696A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- phase
- connection
- star connection
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
- H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for electrical heating of furnaces for Heat treatment of metallic workpieces, in particular from Plasma carburizing or nitriding usable vacuum furnaces, in which the Heating elements of a furnace are supplied with a heating voltage on the Secondary side of one connected to a three-phase network Three-phase transformer is generated.
- phase-shifted alternating voltages caused by each other which is not a purely ohmic electrical consumer, i.e. electrical Consumers with circuit parts with inductive and / or capacitive Properties, one of the inductance and / or capacitance of the consumer dependent phase shift ( ⁇ ) between voltage and current.
- the power factor (cos ⁇ ) is only in a certain working point or in a range of predetermined Working points can be kept at acceptable values between 0.8 and 0.9.
- Already smallest deviations from the working point (s) of the transformers are with a high reduction in the power factor (cos ⁇ ) and thus with a Increase in the reactive current component and a correspondingly high reactive power (Q) connected.
- VRTs variably adjustable reactance transformers
- Q reactive power
- the invention has the object based on a process for the electrical heating of furnaces for the Heat treatment of metallic workpieces of the type mentioned at the beginning to further develop that in a simple and inexpensive manner relatively low reactive power share can be achieved.
- This task is in a method with the features mentioned above solved according to the invention in that the primary Coil windings of the three-phase transformer during a first heating phase in delta connection and during a second heating phase in star connection be switched, with the changeover time from delta connection to Star connection depending on the characteristic of the heating process Operating parameters is determined.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the heating process during electrical heating of furnaces for the heat treatment of metallic Workpieces include heating phases that require different heating powers. This is the case, for example, when the oven is heated to a certain temperature a higher heating output is required than for holding the oven on one the required heat treatment necessary treatment temperature.
- the invention by switching the primary side Coil windings of the three-phase transformer from delta connection Star connection depending on the characteristic of the heating process Operating parameters ensures that the three-phase transformer in one Working point or in a range of working points in which a high power factor (cos ⁇ ) is given.
- By switching from Delta connection to star connection becomes that of the three-phase transformer electrical power supplied on the primary side is reduced.
- the working point of the three-phase transformer despite the associated reduction in secondary-side electrical output power as well as that with the or Operating points associated power factor (cos ⁇ ) observed, so that a Restriction of the reactive power is achieved without complex compensation.
- the Switching point from delta connection to star connection depending on the oven temperature and / or the batch temperature and / or the Power factor (cos ⁇ ) as characteristic of the heating process Operating parameters determined.
- heating elements with a comparatively high-resistance used. This is in Difference to previous procedures also with plasma carburizing or Plasma nitriding possible because of the star connection both the current and also the heating power and thus the heating voltage during the second Heating phase is reduced, so that - as previously discussed - the risk of Ionization of the furnace atmosphere in the area of the heating elements is excluded can be.
- heating elements with a high resistance Resistance reduces the technical manufacturing effort, since the mass of the heating elements can be reduced and accordingly required heating power is lower. It can also be used in this way for different types of furnaces use the same heating elements, so that the previous decisive for furnaces for plasma carburizing or plasma nitriding There is no additional effort.
- Three-phase transformer a variably adjustable reactance transformer used.
- the heating voltage respectively Temperature in the furnace chamber instead of using a contactor by varying the Control variable of the reactance transformer is adjustable.
- the result of Change the manipulated variable of a reactance transformer in the direction of smaller ones Values usually resulting reduction in the power factor (cos ⁇ ) due to the high impedance of the resistance of the heating elements of minor importance.
- the heating voltage for the first and second heating phase - without prejudice to the switch from triangle to Star connection by means of a contactor - by varying the manipulated variable of the Reactance transformer is adapted.
- a heating voltage of less than 35 V, preferably about 30 V to the Heating elements created.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows current strands 1a, 1b, 1c, formed as flat copper lines with a cross section of 30 ⁇ 10 mm, of a three-phase network having a mains voltage of approximately 400 V.
- the current strands 1a, 1b, 1c are connected to fuse switch disconnectors 2a, 2b of size NH2, which are secured with 315 A.
- the fuse switch disconnectors 2a, 2b are connected to a mains contactor 4a designed for 300 A and a triangular contactor 4b also designed for 300 A or a star contactor connected in parallel with the latter and designed for 160 A 4c connected.
- Flat copper lines 5a, 5b with a cross section of 6 x 120 mm 2 connect the contactors 4a to 4c to the primary-side coil windings of a variably adjustable reactance transformer 6.
- the secondary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 are flat -Copper lines 7a, 7b, 7c with a thickness of 2 x 120 x 10 mm are connected to heating elements 8a, 8b, 8c with a high-resistance resistor.
- the coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 on the primary side are dependent on Process state of a heat treatment carried out in the vacuum furnace linked either in a delta connection or in a star connection.
- By the contactors 4b, 4c can switch from delta to star connection can be switched.
- delta connection is on the primary side of the Reactance transformer 6 to a conductor voltage of about 400 V.
- the one through the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 flowing current has an amperage of about 464 A.
- the primary side of the reactance transformer 6 has a lower conductor voltage of about 230 V.
- the size of the primary current is also lower and is about 268 A.
- each Individual transformers 9a, 9b, 9c of the reactance transformer 6 is on the Primary side of the reactance transformer 6 each applied conductor voltage transformed down, in the case of star connection, for example, to one on the Secondary side of the reactance transformer dropping heating voltage of about 35 V. This results in a secondary current of 3057 A Active power of approximately 107 kW each for the heating elements 8a, 8b, 8c.
- the heating device based on the circuit diagram described above enables the furnace chamber of the vacuum furnace to be used, for example Plasma nitriding metallic workpieces during a first heating phase certain temperature, about 1080 ° C, heated up and during a second Heating phase on a corresponding to the respective purpose Nitriding temperature of, for example, 600 ° C to 850 ° C for a given one Duration is held.
- the first heating phase the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 in the Delta connection, so that due to the use of the heating elements 8a, 8b, 8c provided high heating power results in a short heating-up time.
- the specified temperature is reached at the end of the first heating phase using of the contactor 4c switched to star connection, whereby both the Secondary current as well as the heating voltage falling on the secondary side is reduced.
- Heating power is required, is due to the reduced heating voltage sufficient heating power provided.
- the reactance transformer 6 leaves however, use the fine adjustment of the heating output. This is not done there is no significant reduction in the power factor (cos ⁇ ). To this A small reactive current component is taken into account, the one elaborate reactive current compensation can be dispensed with and not least the energy costs.
- the high resistance of the Heating elements 8a, 8b, 8c support this.
- Figure 3 shows the time course of the power factor (cos ⁇ ) during a Heating process according to the prior art.
- Oven and batch are made by Room temperature (about 20 ° C) heated to a temperature of 900 ° C. Based The temperature profile of the furnace and the batch shows that the batch follows the temperature curve of the furnace with a time delay.
- the power factor cos Abfall drops, the Reactive current component and thus the reactive power Q in an undesirable manner.
- FIG. 4 shows the time profile of the power factor cos ⁇ for the heating process according to FIG. 3 when heating an oven and a batch from room temperature (approximately 20 ° C.) to a treatment temperature of 900 ° C.
- the changeover time becomes the primary side Coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 determined from delta connection to star connection depending on the power factor cos ⁇ .
- the switchover time t um is determined as a function of a predetermined power factor cos ⁇ of 0.80, which should not be undercut.
- the operating point of the reactance transformer 6 changes, as a result of which the power factor cos ⁇ , which has a value of 0.85 at the beginning of the heating process, gradually decreases.
- a power factor cos ⁇ of 0.80 is reached and / or fallen below, the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 are switched from delta connection to star connection.
- the reactance transformer consumes less electrical power from the three-phase network. Accordingly, the secondary-side electrical heating voltage and thus the heating power is reduced and the power factor cos ⁇ increases to a value of 0.95, corresponding to a reduced reactive power Q.
- the reactance transformer operates, apart from slight deviations, in its operating point.
- the reduced heating power on the secondary side is sufficient for the heating power required to maintain or lower the furnace or batch temperature for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces taking place in the second heating phase.
- the changeover time t around the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 from delta connection to star connection depending on the achievement of a predetermined power factor cos ⁇ accordingly represents a measure to reduce electricity costs.
- Figure 5 shows the time profile of the power factor cos ⁇ for the Heating process of an oven or a batch of room temperature (approx. 20 ° C) to a treatment temperature of around 900 ° C primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 from Delta connection to star connection is dependent on one Predeterminable temporal change in the furnace temperature is determined. The temporal change in the furnace temperature is determined and when a Predefinable temperature change from delta connection to Star connection switched. At the time of changeover, the temperature rises when a value dropped from 0.85 to a value below 0.80 Power factor cos ⁇ to a value of 0.95 and stabilizes during the second heating phase to a value of 0.83.
- FIG. 6 shows the time profile of the power factor cos ⁇ for the corresponding heating process of a furnace or a batch from room temperature (approximately 20 ° C.) to a temperature of 900 ° C.
- the changeover time t is around the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 determined from delta connection to star connection depending on the temporal change in the batch temperature.
- the primary-side coil windings of the reactance transformer 6 are switched from delta connection to star connection.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung des Stromlaufplans einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung für einen Vakuumofen;
- Figur 2
- eine detaillierte Darstellung des Stromlaufplans gemäß Figur 1;
- Figur 3
- in einem Diagramm den zeitlichen Verlauf des Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ) beim Heizvorgang gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
- Figur 4
- in einem Diagramm den zeitlichen Verlauf des Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ) eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorgangs mit einer Umschaltung der primärseitigen Spulenwicklungen von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit des Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ);
- Figur 5
- in einem Diagramm den zeitlichen Verlauf des Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ) eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorgangs mit einer Umschaltung der primärseitigen Spulenwicklungen von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit von der Ofentemperatur und
- Figur 6
- in einem Diagramm den zeitlichen Verlauf des Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ) eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorgangs mit einer Umschaltung der primärseitigen Spulenwicklungen von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit von der Chargentemperatur.
- 1a
- Stromstrang
- 1b
- Stromstrang
- 1c
- Stromstrang
- 2a
- Sicherungslasttrenner
- 2b
- Sicherungslasttrenner
- 3a
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 3b
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 4a
- Netzschütz
- 4b
- Dreieckschütz
- 4c
- Sternschütz
- 5a
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 5b
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 6
- Reaktanztransformator
- 7a
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 7b
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 7c
- Flach-Kupferleitung
- 8a
- Heizelement
- 8b
- Heizelement
- 8c
- Heizelement
- 9a
- Einzeltransformator
- 9b
- Einzeltransformator
- 9c
- Einzeltransformator
- S
- Scheinleistung
- P
- Wirkleistung
- Q
- Blindleistung
- RT
- Raumtemperatur
- tum
- Umschaltpunkt
- T
- Temperatur
Claims (15)
- Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke, insbesondere von zum Plasmaaufkohlen odernitrieren einsetzbaren Vakuumöfen, bei dem die Heizelemente (8a, 8b, 8c) eines Ofens mit einer Heizspannung versorgt werden, die auf der Sekundärseite eines an ein Drehstromnetzwerk angeschlossenen Drehstromtransformators (6) erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die primärseitigen Spulenwicklungen des Drehstromtransformators (6) während einer ersten Heizphase in Dreieckschaltung und während einer zweiten Heizphase in Sternschaltung geschaltet werden, wobei der Umschaltzeitpunkt (tum) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit von für den Heizvorgang charakteristischen Betriebsparametern bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschaltzeitpunkt (tum) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit einer vorgebbaren Stellgröße bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschaltzeitpunkt (tum) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit eines vorgebbaren Leistungsfaktors (cos ϕ) bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Erreichen oder Unterschreiten eines Leistungsfaktors cos ϕ von 0,80 von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung umgeschaltet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschaltzeitpunkt (tum) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit von der Ofentemperatur bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Abhängigkeit einer zeitlichen Temperaturänderung der Ofentemperatur von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung umgeschaltet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Umschaltzeitpunkt (tum) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung in Abhängigkeit von der Chargentemperatur bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anpruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Abhängigkeit einer zeitlichen Temperaturänderung die Chargentemperatur von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung umgestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ofen während der ersten Heizphase auf eine bestimmte Temperatur aufgeheizt und während der zweiten Heizphase auf einer für die geforderte Wärmebehandlung notwendigen Behandlungstemperatur gehalten wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels eines Schütz (4b, 4c) von Dreieckschaltung auf Sternschaltung umgeschaltet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von Heizelementen (8a, 8b, 8c) mit einem vergleichsweise hochohmigen Widerstand Gebrauch gemacht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Drehstromtransformator ein variabel einstellbarer Reaktanztransformator (6) eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizspannung für die erste und zweite Heizphase durch Variieren der Stellgröße des Reaktanztransformators (6) angepaßt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der ersten Heizphase eine Heizspannung von weniger als 60 Volt V, vorzugsweise etwa 50 Volt V, und während der zweiten Heizphase eine Heizspannung von weniger als 35 Volt V, vorzugsweise etwa 30 Volt V, an die Heizelemente (8a, 8b, 8c) angelegt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, gekennzeichnet durch ein Drehstromnetzwerk mit einer Spannung von etwa 400 Volt V.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50106538T DE50106538D1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
ES01128278T ES2242699T3 (es) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Procedimiento para el calentamiento electrico de hornos para el tratamiento termico de piezas de trabajo metalicas. |
EP01128278A EP1318696B1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
AT01128278T ATE298185T1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Verfahren zum elektrischen beheizen von öfen für die wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke |
US10/293,008 US6794618B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2002-11-13 | Method for electrical heating of furnaces for heat treatment of metallic workpieces |
CNB021527466A CN1242089C (zh) | 2001-11-28 | 2002-11-27 | 用于金属工件热处理炉的电加热方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01128278A EP1318696B1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1318696A1 true EP1318696A1 (de) | 2003-06-11 |
EP1318696B1 EP1318696B1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
Family
ID=8179385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01128278A Expired - Lifetime EP1318696B1 (de) | 2001-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6794618B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1318696B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1242089C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE298185T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50106538D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2242699T3 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10352517A1 (de) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-06-09 | Siemens Ag | Heizeinrichtung zur Beheizung eines elektrischen Schaltgerätes |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101034420B1 (ko) | 2004-09-10 | 2011-05-12 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 가열로 전열계수 자동 조정장치 |
AU2007207383A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Pyrophase, Inc. | Radio frequency technology heater for unconventional resources |
EP2610570B1 (de) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-11-23 | Ipsen, Inc. | Heizelementanordnung für einen Vakuumwärmebehandlungsofen |
BR112015018038A2 (pt) * | 2013-02-14 | 2017-07-11 | Ammann Schweiz Ag | Método para aquecer uma mesa de pavimentadora de uma pavimentadora de asfalto |
CN104236314B (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2015-10-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | 一种用于氮化铝烧结的高温烧结炉加热系统 |
US20170074589A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Ipsen Inc. | System and Method for Facilitating the Maintenance of an Industrial Furnace |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB925238A (en) * | 1959-10-31 | 1963-05-01 | Umberto Barera | Change-over device for automatic switching over from star to delta connections and vice versa depending upon load in electric motors |
EP0535319A1 (de) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-04-07 | Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung | Vakuumofen zur Plasmaaufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke |
US5251231A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-10-05 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh | Vacuum furnace |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4425539A (en) * | 1980-03-13 | 1984-01-10 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Control system for AC induction motor |
DE3106827A1 (de) * | 1981-02-24 | 1982-09-09 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | "elektroden- und leiteranordnung eines dreiphasigen lichtbogenofens" |
US4677643A (en) * | 1984-03-09 | 1987-06-30 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Device for feeding one or a plurality of electrodes in an electrothermal furnace |
JP2915951B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-09 | 1999-07-05 | 津田駒工業株式会社 | 織機の起動方法と、その装置 |
DE4310779C2 (de) * | 1993-03-26 | 1996-08-14 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von Filterstoffen |
-
2001
- 2001-11-28 ES ES01128278T patent/ES2242699T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-28 DE DE50106538T patent/DE50106538D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-28 AT AT01128278T patent/ATE298185T1/de active
- 2001-11-28 EP EP01128278A patent/EP1318696B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-11-13 US US10/293,008 patent/US6794618B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-27 CN CNB021527466A patent/CN1242089C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB925238A (en) * | 1959-10-31 | 1963-05-01 | Umberto Barera | Change-over device for automatic switching over from star to delta connections and vice versa depending upon load in electric motors |
US5251231A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-10-05 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh | Vacuum furnace |
EP0535319A1 (de) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-04-07 | Ipsen Industries International Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung | Vakuumofen zur Plasmaaufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10352517A1 (de) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-06-09 | Siemens Ag | Heizeinrichtung zur Beheizung eines elektrischen Schaltgerätes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030098301A1 (en) | 2003-05-29 |
EP1318696B1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
CN1242089C (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
DE50106538D1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
ATE298185T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
US6794618B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
ES2242699T3 (es) | 2005-11-16 |
CN1424426A (zh) | 2003-06-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2155205A1 (de) | Elektrischer Schaltkreis | |
DE3539581A1 (de) | Verfahren zum steuern mehrerer elektrischer lasten | |
EP3168708B1 (de) | Stufenlos regelbare sättigungs-kompensationsdrosselspule | |
DE2317565A1 (de) | Anordnung zur erhitzung eines elektrisch leitenden kochgeraets durch magnetische induktion | |
DE102009021403B4 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Versorgung eines Reaktors mit elektrischer Leistung zum Erzeugen von Siliziumstäben aus Silizium-Dünnstäben nach dem Siemens-Verfahren | |
EP3513625B1 (de) | Umrichtergespeister lichtbogenofen mit kondensatoranordnung im sekundärkreis | |
EP0152002A1 (de) | Phasenschieber | |
DE19623540C1 (de) | Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Wechselstromnetzes gegen Blindleistungsschwankungen und Blindleistungskompensationseinrichtung | |
EP1318696B1 (de) | Verfahren zum elektrischen Beheizen von Öfen für die Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke | |
DE102005020690B4 (de) | Magnetanordnung mit Vorrichtung zum Dämpfen von Spannungsspitzen einer Speisung | |
DE3540830A1 (de) | Verfahren zum stufenweisen einstellen einer an einem an spannung ueber einen schalter liegenden widerstand anfallenden elektrischen leistung und schaltungsanordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens | |
EP1398867B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Spannungserhaltung eines elektrischen Wechselspannungsnetzes sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Vorrichtung | |
EP2084940B1 (de) | Reaktanzvorschalteinrichtung | |
EP0037087B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum überschwingungsfreien Ein- und Abschalten eines Kondensators zwischen zwei Leitern eines Wechselspannungsnetzes | |
EP0036414B1 (de) | Elektronische stell- und regeleinrichtung | |
EP1126591A2 (de) | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von niederohmigen Heizwiderständen | |
EP0562471B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung der Stromrichterventile von zwei oder mehr aus einer gemeinsamen Gleichstromquelle gespeisten Parallelschwingkreiswechselrichtern mit jeweils einem Induktionsofen und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
DE19514537B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung der Stromrichterventile von gleichstromseitig in Reihe geschalteten Parallelschwingkreiswechselrichtern | |
DE4014302A1 (de) | Einrichtung zur versorgung eines verbraucherzweipols mit einem eingepraegten, jedoch in einer anzahl von stufen einstellbaren gleichstrom | |
DE102016115999B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Steuern einer Koronazündeinrichtung | |
DE102021127745A1 (de) | Wandler und Verfahren zum Angleichen eines Ist-Übersetzungsverhältnisses an ein Soll-Übersetzungsverhältnis | |
DE10160912B4 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung des von mindestens zwei elektrischen Verbrauchern gleicher Leistungsaufnahme, insbesondere Heizkörpern, aufgenommenen Wechselstroms | |
DE2315240C3 (de) | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Regelung des Laststromes eines Drehstrom-Wechselstrom-Direktumrichters | |
DE756104C (de) | Einrichtung zur Speisung von Hochfrequenzinduktionsoefen | |
AT402463B (de) | Verfahren zum feinstufigen einstellen der leistung eines widerstandes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20020524 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20031008 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050615 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050615 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050615 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050615 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: E. BLUM & CO. PATENTANWAELTE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50106538 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050721 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20050721 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050915 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050915 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20050915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2242699 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051124 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20051128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051130 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051130 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051130 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20060316 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Owner name: IPSEN INTERNATIONAL GMBH Free format text: IPSEN INTERNATIONAL GMBH#FLUTSTRASSE 78#47533 KLEVE (DE) -TRANSFER TO- IPSEN INTERNATIONAL GMBH#FLUTSTRASSE 78#47533 KLEVE (DE) |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: IPSEN INTERNATIONAL G.M.B.H. Effective date: 20051130 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20131113 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20131121 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20131120 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20131121 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20131120 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20131128 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20131125 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50106538 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 298185 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20141128 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20141128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141130 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141130 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20150731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141128 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150602 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20151230 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20141129 |