EP1310746B1 - Device and method for control of fluid heater - Google Patents
Device and method for control of fluid heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1310746B1 EP1310746B1 EP02023856A EP02023856A EP1310746B1 EP 1310746 B1 EP1310746 B1 EP 1310746B1 EP 02023856 A EP02023856 A EP 02023856A EP 02023856 A EP02023856 A EP 02023856A EP 1310746 B1 EP1310746 B1 EP 1310746B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- transfer medium
- temperature
- burner
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VUTGNDXEFRHDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-n-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide;2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)C2=C1.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(=O)CCl)C1C(=O)OCC1 VUTGNDXEFRHDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
- F23N1/082—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1069—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water regulation in function of the temperature of the domestic hot water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/184—Preventing harm to users from exposure to heated water, e.g. scalding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/238—Flow rate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/345—Control of fans, e.g. on-off control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
- F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for controlling Spas according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11, a preferred Use of the device and the method according to claim 25 and a Regulator for carrying out the method according to claim 26.
- the heat transfer medium either directly via a primary exchanger or indirectly by means of the heated water the heating is heated via a secondary exchanger and at suitable tapping points, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, taken.
- the regulation of the burner such spas takes place in the known prior art by the measurement of Outlet temperature at the outlet of the primary exchanger or the secondary exchanger, the compared with a predetermined target temperature and the controller, such as a PI controller, is supplied to the output of a manipulated variable, the manipulated variable, for example may be a signal to adjust the power of the burner.
- Such controlled baths are known, for example, from DE-A-37 16 798, JP-A-61 14 9761 or EP-A-0 226 246.
- the unmeasured amount of discharged heat transfer medium is a disturbance in the control circuit and has great influence on the dynamics of the control loop.
- the object of the present invention is to provide the known devices and methods for the control of spas to improve that temperature fluctuations avoided on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and a reliable Regulation of the burner of the spa for different principles can be achieved can.
- the aim of the invention is therefore, a constant outlet temperature at different To achieve disturbance variables.
- the volume flow on the outlet side of the heat exchanger but not measured by expensive volumetric flow meters, but the invention is based on the object here, the volume flow indirectly too in order to use it for a feedforward control.
- the present invention is intended not only for systems with direct heating be used in the primary heat exchanger of the heat transfer medium, but also in all other systems such as e.g. in systems with secondary heat exchanger, in all Usually only a small buffer (in the order of about 1 l), the must be kept ready to bridge the time needed enough energy to the secondary heat exchanger via a primary heat exchanger to provide, i. in addition to an outlet temperature control (primary heat exchanger) should the invention also in a comfort temperature control (with secondary exchanger) be usable.
- the invention solves the underlying task by the characterizing Features of the independent claims 1 and 11 and 26, wherein advantageous Embodiments and variants of the invention in the dependent claims are marked and described.
- An advantageous use of the method or the device is claimed in claim 25.
- One for an inventive Device or controller suitable for the method according to the invention is in the claims 26 and 27 characterized.
- the device according to the invention for regulating thermal baths has a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the Heat transfer medium, which has a certain inlet temperature at the inlet, a Outlet for the discharge of the heat transfer medium, which at the outlet a certain Outlet temperature has, and a regulator, the heating of the heat transfer medium by means of a primary exchanger or a secondary exchanger, at least in dependence a set temperature and the outlet temperature controls.
- the controller measures a rate of increase the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner capacity, based on the Rate of increase calculates the dissipated amount of heat transfer medium becomes.
- the mathematical basis for this calculation is the fact that the slew rate the outlet temperature at a constant burner power indirectly proportional to the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, that is, a larger amount of heat transfer medium removed to a lower rate of increase the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium leads and vice versa.
- the slew rate the outlet temperature in each case at a predeterminable, but at least be measured for the duration of the measurement constant burner power.
- the controller parameters i. for example the controller gain, based on the calculated amount of discharged Heat transfer medium can be changed accordingly. For example, set the controller determines that a large amount of heat transfer medium is removed, it does not have to - as in the prior art - to a corresponding decrease in the outlet temperature "wait", but can directly control the output of the burner to the to request the requested quantity of heat transfer medium.
- the controller has a memory for storing the smallest and largest Rise velocities of outlet temperature for each adjustable setpoint temperature on. Once the controller has the appropriate rate of increase of Outlet temperature has measured, he compares this with the stored smallest or highest slew rate and stores the measured slew rate then as minimum or maximum slew rate in memory, when the measured slew rate is less than the smallest saved one Rate of increase or if this is greater than the largest stored Slew rate. This ensures that so the smallest and largest discharged amounts of heat transfer medium (Zapfmengen) and can be adapted during operation.
- Zapfmengen heat transfer medium
- the regulation thus orders at a set desired temperature and at the predeterminable Burner output the smallest rate of increase of the outlet temperature the largest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed (largest dispensing quantity) and the largest rate of increase of the outlet temperature of the smallest dischargeable Quantity of heat transfer medium (smallest dispensing amount) too and calculated by the measured rising speeds, the discharged amount of heat transfer medium linear in relation to it.
- This can be done in the simplest case by laying down the two points (maximum bleed, minimum slew rate and minimum Tap quantity, highest rate of increase) in the x-y coordinate system, which are connected by a straight line, so that all other taps at a measured slew rate between the lowest and highest slew rates can be read directly.
- the controller selects for calculating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, i.e. for measuring the rate of increase, as predeterminable burner power about 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the required burner power at maximum dischargeable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set Target temperature off.
- predeterminable burner power for example, 80% of the required Burner capacity at maximum dispensing rate, in this case 80% of 77.8% of that burner power at a maximum setpoint temperature of, for example 60 ° C and at maximum dispensing volume would be necessary (maximum operation of the burner).
- the controller starts measuring the slew rate at a minimum outlet temperature and ends the measurement when the setpoint temperature is reached.
- This has the advantage that at modulating burners anyway the burner is started when falling below a minimum outlet temperature and subsequently at this burner start immediately with the measurement of the slew rate can be started to immediately measure the amount of discharged heat transfer medium to obtain.
- the controller starts the controller measures the rate of increase at a predeterminable temperature difference below the target temperature and ends this again when it reaches the target temperature. This is useful, for example, when the heat exchanger is heated from the cold state, since then a minimum outlet temperature does not exist yet and the heat exchangers are only heated up from below got to.
- the controller measures the rate of increase each time the desired temperature is changed the outlet temperature at one of these setpoint temperature associated and predeterminable burner performance.
- the assigned and predeterminable Burner power for measuring slew rate can also be used as identification burner power be designated.
- the inventive method for controlling thermals in particular for control a domestic water flow heater, according to the aforementioned principles.
- the heat transfer medium is at the inlet of the heat exchanger to the heat exchanger fed and discharged via the outlet.
- the outlet temperature detectable at the outlet is combined with a temperature set by the operator of the spa supplied to the controller, the corresponding control difference from these forms two temperatures.
- the controller in addition, the outlet temperature supplied. Based on the slew rate the outlet temperature can thus at a predeterminable burner power (identification burner power) the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium is calculated and the heating of the heat transfer medium can be controlled by this amount.
- the burner power is then at larger amounts of discharged heat transfer medium stronger and smaller amounts of the discharged heat transfer medium changed more weakly.
- the burner performance depending on the set target temperature to a predefinable Maximum value limited to a fraction of the burner output at maximum setpoint temperature equivalent.
- This limited burner power will be following the calculation the amount of discharged heat transfer medium as the upper limit for the used modulating control, for example, when using a Pl-controller to prevent overshoot of the outlet temperature and to the modulation of the burner closer to the currently required power.
- the limit of the setting range can be active both in the comfort mode and in the shutdown mode and if necessary, is set up by a certain burner output (for example 5%), to compensate for tolerances.
- the Control of the heating of the heat transfer medium not the user of the spa specifiable target temperature directly, but the sum of this target temperature and a desired correction temperature used.
- the exact target temperatures are obtained in the context of a calibration process at two different measuring points of the outlet and comfort temperature and calculates the target correction temperature at these at least two different ones Values of the setpoint temperature, while all other values are based on the setpoint temperature a line lying between these two different values of the target temperature be linearly interpolated.
- the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger be, without this, an inlet temperature sensor is necessary.
- the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger, so can be used as inlet temperature, the measured buffer medium temperature in the buffer medium storage (DHW tank or boiler) plus a correction temperature used when the sensor is mounted on the cold water side of the heat exchanger is and the time of discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.
- DHW tank or boiler buffer medium storage
- the buffer medium storage (DHW tank) is sufficient removed a lot of heat transfer medium, so that the temperature in the buffer medium storage corresponds approximately to the inlet temperature.
- a predeterminable criterion Time of discharge of heat transfer medium can be used.
- this measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature used only if they are within a predeterminable range (permissible) temperature range around a preferred average around. With Advantage is this in about 15 ° C with a fluctuation of about +/- 5 K.
- According to another preferred embodiment of the invention is in the heating the heat transfer medium in the clock mode, i. at very low levels of discharged heat transfer medium, after starting the burner of a firing performance as directly as possible to a predeterminable and storable clock power switched.
- a clock power is with advantage the last performance before the shutdown of the burner or the minimum adjustable power of the burner used.
- the problem is that after a renewed activation of the burner, the modulation controller, the burner output from a firing rate (starting power) down must, if the withdrawn Quantity of heat transfer medium is very low. If not fast enough takes place, then enters the state that the temperature in the heat exchanger quickly Burner switch-off reached and the burner is switched off again. This leads to to a large Brennerschaltphaseuftechnik.
- the burner of the method according to the invention is not in the modulation mode "started", but first switched to the "remembered” burner power, at the same time for measuring the slew rate and thus for detection the tap quantity can be used.
- the blower the burner is not turned off, but preferably continue at an ignition speed operated. This makes it possible to start the burner faster, which is a "Sagging" of the outlet temperature reduced.
- the invention is in the regulation of a domestic hot water heater. This is explained in more detail in the following figures.
- a controller for carrying out a method according to the present invention Invention has at least one input for reading in or a processor for Calculation of the difference between an adjustable setpoint temperature and the outlet temperature a heatable by a burner heat transfer medium and at least one output for controlling the power of the burner, the regulator has at least one further input for reading in the outlet temperature, the controller then determines the rate of increase of the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner power and based on the rate of increase the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium calculated. With the help of the calculated Quantity of discharged heat transfer medium, the controller can then control the Optimize heating of the heat transfer medium.
- the controller changes the burner output following the calculation modulating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, wherein the controller parameters changeable on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium are.
- FIG 1 shows the schematic representation of a water heater with primary exchanger 7 (primary heat exchanger), that of a burner 2 (shown only schematically) is heated.
- the cold water KW is the primary exchanger via a cold water inlet 5 7 fed and heated there.
- the heated water is at a tapping point 6 as Hot water WW taken.
- Outlet temperature sensor B3 temperature sensor 9
- Via a pressure switch (flow switch) FS is the tap of hot water WW detected.
- the burner 2 is used at the same time for heating a heating medium, such as water, for example Heat supply of a house. Only schematically shown is a heat exchanger 8 with flow temperature sensor B2, return temperature sensor B7, flow pump or heating circuit pump Q1, consumer 3 (radiator) and water pipe 4.
- FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of a continuous flow heater with secondary heat exchanger, where the cold water KW is not directly from the burner 2, but over a Secondary exchanger 10 (secondary heat exchanger) is heated.
- the secondary exchanger 10 is supplied by the heating medium via a three-way valve UV with heat, the the cold water is heated.
- an outlet temperature sensor B3 is used for the measurement the outlet temperature ⁇ Off.
- An inlet temperature sensor B5 and a buffer medium temperature sensor B4 is also indicated schematically.
- a pressure switch FS is here on the output side at the tapping point 6 for measuring a tap of hot water WW arranged.
- the heating circuit pump Q1 is in this case on the return side of Boiler 8 in front of the return temperature sensor B7 and at the same time ensures circulation of the heating medium in the secondary exchanger 10.
- the three-way valve UV can also its own hot water circuit pump can be used.
- FIG 3 shows - greatly simplified - the control structure.
- the controller 1 controls the burner 2 by means of a manipulated variable, ie with advantage a signal for the performance of the burner.
- the burner 2 is in the control scheme of Figure 3 representative of the route to be controlled, of course, in addition to the burner 2 also includes the heat exchanger, the cold water to be heated and all other disturbances and parts of the route.
- the outlet temperature ⁇ out is - as known from the prior art - recycled and added to the target temperature ⁇ target with a negative sign, so that a temperature difference ⁇ can be supplied to the controller 1.
- the regulator 1 is also supplied with the outlet temperature ⁇ out .
- the basis for the detection of the extracted amount of heat transfer medium is now the fact that for each bleed a certain energy must be supplied to the heat exchanger in order to keep the outlet temperature ⁇ out at a certain inlet temperature ⁇ Ein a constant. If more energy is supplied, the outlet temperature ⁇ out increases at a certain rate of increase v A. Therefore, if more energy is supplied to the heat exchanger than is required on the basis of the tap quantity, the return or outlet temperature ⁇ Aus will increase.
- the rate of increase v A is determined by the unneeded energy (excess energy). The higher the rate of increase v A , the lower the amount of hot water WW withdrawn, that is, the rate of increase v A and the amount of tapping are indirectly inversely dependent on one another.
- the identification burner performance is thus always dependent on the performance at the maximum dispensing amount calculated. This ensures that you can with this burner performance after calculating the dispensing amount, i. after identification always in near the actual required power. At very low dispensing amount is on the other hand, you are too high in performance.
- SdBwAusMax stands for the upper limit of the switching difference for switching off the burner
- SdBwAusMin for the lower limit of the switching differential for switching off the burner
- SdOn stands for the lower switching differential for switching on the burner.
- the burner output for identification is activated when a hot water tap is detected and when the burner 2 is switched on.
- the outlet temperature ⁇ out (or the return temperature for eg heaters) will initially drop and then rise again (see FIG. The increase of the outlet temperature ⁇ out (waste or rising gradient) is detected and thus the minimum of the outlet temperature ⁇ minimum is determined. This minimum of the outlet temperature ⁇ Minimum is noted and from this time the time is detected (time t 0 ).
- the time is then measured until the discharge temperature ⁇ from the set temperature ⁇ has reached target (time t 1). Thereafter, the differential temperature ⁇ between the target temperature ⁇ target and the minimum temperature ⁇ minimum and the difference ⁇ t between the times t 1 and t 0 is formed.
- the ratio ⁇ to .DELTA.t is the rising gradient, the rising speed v A ie at the outlet temperature ⁇ off at a constant burner power and is thus an indirect measure of the amount corresponding pin.
- the measured slope gradient is compared with the stored minimum and maximum values. If the measured value is less than the stored minimum value (minimum slew rate v Amin ), then this value is stored as a new minimum value. Each measured slew rate v A that is greater than the stored value indicates a smaller bleed amount. Furthermore, the largest rising speed vAmax (smallest dispensing amount) is stored. If there are now smaller or greater slew rates than the previously stored values, these are then stored as minimum or maximum values.
- hot water DH is tapped after the initial start-up with maximum dispensing amount.
- the smallest slew rate can be determined.
- twice the smallest slew rate v Amin may be set as the new start value. During operation, these values are then further adapted.
- the ascertained gradient of gradient ie the measured rate of increase vA between the stored minimum value v Amin and the maximum value v Amax , is then converted between these limit values to the intermediate bleed amount. From this tap quantity can then be switched to the required burner power and the modulation controller with respect to the power adjustment are released (see time t 1 in Figure 4). Depending on the determined tap quantity then the controller parameters of the controller 1 can be switched accordingly.
- the modulation controller 1 must be released prematurely.
- the modulation controller is the following: If the outlet temperature ⁇ out below the temperature setpoint ⁇ target less a turn-on difference ⁇ and the run time is greater than, for example, 1 minute from this time t 0 , the modulation controller is enabled.
- Figure 5 shows the schematic representation of setting the starting power in the cyclic operation of the burner 2, ie at small bleed amounts. While it has been applied in the upper part of FIG 5 as shown in Fig. 4, the outlet temperature ⁇ from versus time, in the lower part of the figure 5 is shown the power of the burner 2 with respect to the time corresponding to the overlying outlet temperature ⁇ Aus. Once a clock mode has been detected, ie the tap particularly small amounts of hot water WW and the burner 2 turns off, the last related power of the burner 2 is stored in a memory of the controller 1.
- the burner 2 While the burner 2 remains switched off, it is possible to keep the fan of the burner running in order to get into the appropriate speed range as quickly as possible when the burner is switched on again. As soon as the outlet temperature ⁇ out crosses the lower limit of the switching difference SdIn, the burner 2 switches on again, in which case the previously "remembered” power, ie the power stored in the controller 1, is used, which can then also be used, for example, to measure the slew rate vA. if this has not been done before. After the identification phase (power constant), the modulation controller is enabled.
- the burner output becomes after switching on the burner according to FIG. 5 then set to minimum power when the last set burner power is smaller is the minimum burner output.
- Figures 6a and 6b show correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control, which can be used to correct the temperature setpoint ⁇ Soll to compensate for a deviation from the realistic temperature values.
- a hot water instantaneous water heater can be controlled much more accurately and reliably, without causing large fluctuations in the outlet temperature ⁇ out .
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Regelung von
Thermen nach den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 11, eine bevorzugte
Verwendung der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens nach Patentanspruch 25 sowie einen
Regler zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Patentanspruch 26.The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for controlling
Spas according to the preambles of
Derartige Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen, insbesondere zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers mit einem Brenner zur Erwärmung eines Wärmeträgermediums, wie beispielsweise Wasser, sind bereits bekannt, wobei hier grundsätzlich zwei verschiedene Prinzipien existieren. So wird bei einigen Herstellern das Brauchwasser bzw. das zu erwärmende Wärmeträgermedium im Durchlaufprinzip direkt über einen Wärmetauscher von einem Brenner erwärmt, während bei anderen Herstellern ein zweiter Wärmetauscher, d.h. ein sog. Sekundärtauscher, für die Brauchwassererwärmung eingesetzt wird. Diese zwei Grundprinzipien skizzieren die Darstellungen in den Figuren 1 und 2, die nachfolgend noch detailliert erörtert werden.Such devices and methods for controlling thermals, in particular for Control of a domestic hot water heater with a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, such as water, are already known, wherein Here basically two different principles exist. This is the case with some manufacturers the service water or the heat transfer medium to be heated in a continuous flow principle heated directly from a burner via a heat exchanger, while at other manufacturers a second heat exchanger, i. a so-called secondary exchanger, for the domestic water heating is used. Outline these two basic principles the illustrations in Figures 1 and 2, which will be discussed in more detail below.
Bei den bekannten Thermen bzw. Durchlauferhitzern wird das Wärmeträgermedium entweder direkt über einen Primärtauscher oder indirekt mittels des erwärmten Wassers der Heizung über einen Sekundärtauscher erwärmt und an geeigneten Zapfstellen, beispielsweise in der Küche oder im Bad, entnommen. Die Regelung des Brenners solcher Thermen erfolgt beim bekannten Stand der Technik durch die Messung der Auslauftemperatur am Auslauf des Primärtauschers oder des Sekundärtauschers, die mit einer vorgebbaren Solltemperatur verglichen und dem Regler, beispielsweise einem PI-Regler, zur Ausgabe einer Stellgröße zugeführt wird, wobei die Stellgröße beispielsweise ein Signal zur Leistungseinstellung des Brenners sein kann.In the known baths or water heaters, the heat transfer medium either directly via a primary exchanger or indirectly by means of the heated water the heating is heated via a secondary exchanger and at suitable tapping points, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, taken. The regulation of the burner such spas takes place in the known prior art by the measurement of Outlet temperature at the outlet of the primary exchanger or the secondary exchanger, the compared with a predetermined target temperature and the controller, such as a PI controller, is supplied to the output of a manipulated variable, the manipulated variable, for example may be a signal to adjust the power of the burner.
Derartige geregelte Thermen sind beispielsweise aus DE-A-37 16 798, JP-A-61 14 9761 oder EP-A-0 226 246 bekannt.Such controlled baths are known, for example, from DE-A-37 16 798, JP-A-61 14 9761 or EP-A-0 226 246.
All diesen Prinzipien ist gemeinsam, daß zwar die Auslauftemperatur zur Regelung des Brenners, d.h. zur Regelung der Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums genutzt wird, die Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums am Auslauf des Wärmetauschers, d.h. der Durchfluß (Volumenstrom) auf der Brauchwasserseite, jedoch nicht erfaßt wird und sich dadurch erhebliche Regelungsschwankungen ergeben, die an den Zapfstellen (wie beispielsweise in der Küche oder im Bad) zu entsprechenden Temperaturschwankungen führen.All these principles have in common that although the outlet temperature to control the Burner, i. is used to control the heating of the heat transfer medium, the amount of discharged heat transfer medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger, i.e. the flow (volume flow) on the hot water side, but is not detected and thereby result in significant control fluctuations at the taps (such as in the kitchen or in the bathroom) to corresponding temperature fluctuations to lead.
Die nicht gemessene Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums stellt eine Störgröße im Regelungskreis dar und hat großen Einfluß auf die Dynamik des Regelkreises.The unmeasured amount of discharged heat transfer medium is a disturbance in the control circuit and has great influence on the dynamics of the control loop.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die bekannten Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen dahingehend zu verbessern, daß Temperaturschwankungen auf der Auslaufseite der Wärmetauscher vermieden und eine zuverlässige Regelung des Brenners der Therme für unterschiedliche Prinzipien erreicht werden kann.The object of the present invention is to provide the known devices and methods for the control of spas to improve that temperature fluctuations avoided on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and a reliable Regulation of the burner of the spa for different principles can be achieved can.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es daher, eine konstante Auslauftemperatur bei verschiedenen Störgrößen zu erreichen. Dabei soll der Volumenstrom auf der Auslaufseite der Wärmetauscher jedoch nicht durch teure Volumenstrommeßgeräte gemessen werden, sondern der Erfindung liegt hier die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Volumenstrom indirekt zu erfassen, um diesen für eine Störgrößenaufschaltung verwenden zu können.The aim of the invention is therefore, a constant outlet temperature at different To achieve disturbance variables. In this case, the volume flow on the outlet side of the heat exchanger but not measured by expensive volumetric flow meters, but the invention is based on the object here, the volume flow indirectly too in order to use it for a feedforward control.
Dabei soll die vorliegende Erfindung nicht nur bei Systemen mit direkter Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums im Primärtauscher einsetzbar sein, sondern auch bei allen anderen Systemen wie z.B. bei Systemen mit Sekundärwärmetauscher, die in aller Regel nur einen geringen Puffer (in einer Größenordnung von ca. 1 l) aufweisen, der auf Bereitschaft gehalten werden muß, um die Zeit zu überbrücken, die benötigt wird, um dem Sekundärwärmetauscher genügend Energie über einen Primärwärmetauscher zur Verfügung zu stellen, d.h. neben einer Auslauftemperatur-Regelung (Primärwärmetauscher) soll die Erfindung auch bei einer Komforttemperatur-Regelung (mit Sekundärtauscher) einsetzbar sein.The present invention is intended not only for systems with direct heating be used in the primary heat exchanger of the heat transfer medium, but also in all other systems such as e.g. in systems with secondary heat exchanger, in all Usually only a small buffer (in the order of about 1 l), the must be kept ready to bridge the time needed enough energy to the secondary heat exchanger via a primary heat exchanger to provide, i. in addition to an outlet temperature control (primary heat exchanger) should the invention also in a comfort temperature control (with secondary exchanger) be usable.
Die Erfindung löst die ihr zugrunde liegende Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden
Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1 und 11 sowie 26, wobei vorteilhafte
Ausgestaltungen und Anwendungsvarianten der Erfindung in den Unteransprüchen
gekennzeichnet und beschrieben sind. Eine vorteilhafte Verwendung des Verfahrens
bzw. der Vorrichtung ist in Patentanspruch 25 beansprucht. Ein für eine erfindungsgemäße
Vorrichtung bzw. für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren geeigneter Regler ist in
den Patentansprüchen 26 und 27 gekennzeichnet.The invention solves the underlying task by the characterizing
Features of the
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Regelung von Thermen weist einen Brenner zur Erwärmung eines Wärmeträgermediums auf, einen Einlauf zur Zuführung des Wärmeträgermediums, das am Einlauf eine bestimmte Einlauftemperatur hat, einen Auslauf zur Abführung des Wärmeträgermediums, das am Auslauf eine bestimmte Auslauftemperatur hat, und einen Regler, der die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums mittels eines Primärtauschers oder eines Sekundärtauschers zumindest in Abhängigkeit einer Soll-Temperatur und der Auslauftemperatur regelt. Zur Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums auf der Auslaufseite des Wärmetauschers (z.B. Primärtauscher oder Sekundärtauscher), d.h. zur Feststellung der Zapfmenge des Wärmeträgermediums mißt der Regler eine Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung, wobei anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet wird.The device according to the invention for regulating thermal baths has a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the Heat transfer medium, which has a certain inlet temperature at the inlet, a Outlet for the discharge of the heat transfer medium, which at the outlet a certain Outlet temperature has, and a regulator, the heating of the heat transfer medium by means of a primary exchanger or a secondary exchanger, at least in dependence a set temperature and the outlet temperature controls. For calculating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium on the outlet side of the heat exchanger (e.g., primary or secondary), i. for the determination of Tap quantity of the heat transfer medium, the controller measures a rate of increase the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner capacity, based on the Rate of increase calculates the dissipated amount of heat transfer medium becomes.
Die mathematische Grundlage für diese Berechnung ist die Tatsache, daß die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur bei einer konstanten Brennerleistung indirekt proportional zur Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums ist, d.h., daß eine größere Menge von abgeführtem Wärmeträgermedium zu einer geringeren Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur des Wärmeträgermediums führt und umgekehrt. Hierfür kann bei einer jeweils eingestellten Soll-Temperatur die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur jeweils bei einer vorbestimmbaren, jedoch zumindest für die Zeit der Messung konstanten Brennerleistung gemessen werden.The mathematical basis for this calculation is the fact that the slew rate the outlet temperature at a constant burner power indirectly proportional to the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, that is, a larger amount of heat transfer medium removed to a lower rate of increase the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium leads and vice versa. For this purpose, at a respectively set target temperature, the slew rate the outlet temperature in each case at a predeterminable, but at least be measured for the duration of the measurement constant burner power.
Nach der Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums verändert der Regler die Brennerleistung modulierend, wobei die Reglerparameter, d.h. beispielsweise die Reglerverstärkung, anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums entsprechend veränderbar sind. Stellt der Regler beispielsweise fest, daß eine große Menge von Wärmeträgermedium abgeführt wird, so muß er nicht - wie beim Stand der Technik - auf ein entsprechendes Absinken der Auslauftemperatur "warten", sondern kann unmittelbar die Stellgröße für die Leistung des Brenners auf die angeforderte Menge von Wärmeträgermedium abstimmen. After calculating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium changed the controller modulating the burner power, the controller parameters, i. for example the controller gain, based on the calculated amount of discharged Heat transfer medium can be changed accordingly. For example, set the controller determines that a large amount of heat transfer medium is removed, it does not have to - as in the prior art - to a corresponding decrease in the outlet temperature "wait", but can directly control the output of the burner to the to request the requested quantity of heat transfer medium.
Mit Vorteil weist der Regler einen Speicher zur Speicherung der kleinsten und größten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeiten der Auslauftemperatur für jede einstellbare Soll-Temperatur auf. Sobald der Regler die entsprechende Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur gemessen hat, vergleicht er diese mit der abgespeicherten kleinsten bzw. größten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit und speichert die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit dann als kleinste bzw. größte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit im Speicher ab, wenn die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit kleiner ist als die kleinste abgespeicherte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit bzw. wenn diese größer ist als die größte abgespeicherte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß so die jeweils kleinsten und größten abgeführten Mengen an Wärmeträgermedium (Zapfmengen) festgestellt und im laufenden Betrieb adaptiert werden können.Advantageously, the controller has a memory for storing the smallest and largest Rise velocities of outlet temperature for each adjustable setpoint temperature on. Once the controller has the appropriate rate of increase of Outlet temperature has measured, he compares this with the stored smallest or highest slew rate and stores the measured slew rate then as minimum or maximum slew rate in memory, when the measured slew rate is less than the smallest saved one Rate of increase or if this is greater than the largest stored Slew rate. This ensures that so the smallest and largest discharged amounts of heat transfer medium (Zapfmengen) and can be adapted during operation.
Die Regelung ordnet somit bei einer eingestellten Soll-Temperatur und bei der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur der größten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums (größte Zapfmenge) und die größte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur der kleinsten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums (kleinste Zapfmenge) zu und berechnet anhand der gemessenen Anstiegsgeschwindigkeiten die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums linear im Verhältnis dazu. Dies kann im einfachsten Fall durch die Festlegung der zwei Punkte (maximale Zapfmenge, kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit und minimale Zapfmenge, größte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit) im x-y-Koordinatensystem erfolgen, die durch eine Gerade verbunden werden, so daß alle anderen Zapfmengen bei einer gemessenen Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit zwischen der kleinsten und größten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit direkt abgelesen werden können.The regulation thus orders at a set desired temperature and at the predeterminable Burner output the smallest rate of increase of the outlet temperature the largest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed (largest dispensing quantity) and the largest rate of increase of the outlet temperature of the smallest dischargeable Quantity of heat transfer medium (smallest dispensing amount) too and calculated by the measured rising speeds, the discharged amount of heat transfer medium linear in relation to it. This can be done in the simplest case by laying down the two points (maximum bleed, minimum slew rate and minimum Tap quantity, highest rate of increase) in the x-y coordinate system, which are connected by a straight line, so that all other taps at a measured slew rate between the lowest and highest slew rates can be read directly.
Mit Vorteil wählt der Regler zur Berechnung der Menge an abgeführtem Wärmeträgermedium,
d.h. zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit, als vorbestimmbare Brennerleistung
etwa 60 % bis 100 %, vorzugsweise etwa 80 % der benötigten Brennerleistung
bei maximaler abführbarer Menge des Wärmeträgermediums bei einer eingestellten
Soll-Temperatur aus. Für eine Soll-Temperatur von beispielsweise 50°C stellt
der Regler als vorbestimmbare Brennerleistung beispielsweise 80 % der benötigten
Brennerleistung bei maximaler Zapfmenge ein, in diesem Fall 80 % von 77,8 % von
derjenigen Brennerleistung, die bei einer maximalen Soll-Temperatur von beispielsweise
60°C und bei maximaler Zapfmenge notwendig wäre (Maximalbetrieb des Brenners).Advantageously, the controller selects for calculating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium,
i.e. for measuring the rate of increase, as predeterminable burner power
about 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the required burner power
at maximum dischargeable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set
Target temperature off. For a target temperature of, for example, 50 ° C
the regulator as predeterminable burner power, for example, 80% of the required
Burner capacity at maximum dispensing rate, in this
Grundsätzlich empfiehlt es sich, die maximale Brennerleistung bei maximaler Zapfmenge
und bei größter Soll-Temperatur festzulegen und die entsprechenden Brennerleistungen
zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur in Abhängigkeit
von darunter liegenden Soll-Temperaturen in einer Tabelle festzulegen. Diese
könnte z.B. wie folgt aussehen:
maximal
mittel
minimal
maximum
medium
minimal
Die entsprechenden Tabellenwerte geben ein Beispiel für benötigte Brennerleistungen (bzw. 80 % davon) zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit wieder.The corresponding table values give an example of required burner capacities (or 80% of it) to measure the slew rate again.
Mit Vorteil beginnt der Regler mit der Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit bei einer minimalen Auslauftemperatur und beendet die Messung bei Erreichen der Soll-Temperatur. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß bei modulierenden Brennern ohnehin der Brenner bei Unterschreiten einer minimalen Auslauftemperatur gestartet wird und im Anschluß an diesen Brennerstart unmittelbar mit der Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit begonnen werden kann, um sofort ein Maß für die Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums zu erhalten.Advantageously, the controller starts measuring the slew rate at a minimum outlet temperature and ends the measurement when the setpoint temperature is reached. This has the advantage that at modulating burners anyway the burner is started when falling below a minimum outlet temperature and subsequently at this burner start immediately with the measurement of the slew rate can be started to immediately measure the amount of discharged heat transfer medium to obtain.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung startet der Regler die Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit bei einer vorbestimmbaren Temperaturdifferenz unterhalb der Soll-Temperatur und beendet diese wiederum bei Erreichen der Soll-Temperatur. Dies ist beispielsweise dann sinnvoll, wenn der Wärmetauscher aus dem kalten Zustand angeheizt wird, da dann eine minimale Auslauftemperatur noch gar nicht existiert und der Wärmetauscher erst von unten hochgeheizt werden muß.According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention starts the controller measures the rate of increase at a predeterminable temperature difference below the target temperature and ends this again when it reaches the target temperature. This is useful, for example, when the heat exchanger is heated from the cold state, since then a minimum outlet temperature does not exist yet and the heat exchangers are only heated up from below got to.
Falls mit der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung die Soll-Temperatur nicht erreicht wird, liegt die Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums vermutlich zu hoch (d.h. "über" der zur Messung verwendeten Leistung des Brenners), so daß der Regler bei der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung und bei Nichterreichen der Soll-Temperatur nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmbaren Zeitdauer die Brennerleistung ohne Berücksichtigung der Menge des Wärmeträgermediums modulierend verändert. Dies stellt eine Sicherheitsfunktion der Reglereigenschaften dar.If the setpoint temperature is not reached with the predeterminable burner output, the amount of discharged heat transfer medium is presumably too high (i.e. the power of the burner used for the measurement), so that the controller at the predeterminable Burner output and if the setpoint temperature is not reached after expiry a predeterminable time duration, the burner power without consideration of Quantity of the heat transfer medium changed modulating. This provides a security feature the controller properties dar.
Mit Vorteil mißt der Regler bei jeder Veränderung der Soll-Temperatur die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur bei einer dieser Soll-Temperatur zugeordneten und vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung neu. Die zugeordnete und vorbestimmbare Brennerleistung zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit kann auch als Identifikations-Brennerleistung bezeichnet werden.Advantageously, the controller measures the rate of increase each time the desired temperature is changed the outlet temperature at one of these setpoint temperature associated and predeterminable burner performance. The assigned and predeterminable Burner power for measuring slew rate can also be used as identification burner power be designated.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen, insbesondere zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers, erfolgt nach den vorerwähnten Prinzipien. Das Wärmeträgermedium wird am Einlauf des Wärmetauschers dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt und über den Auslauf abgeführt. Die am Auslauf detektierbare Auslauftemperatur wird zusammen mit einer vom Betreiber der Therme festlegbaren Soll-Temperatur dem Regler zugeführt, der eine entsprechende Regeldifferenz aus diesen zwei Temperaturen bildet. Gemäß des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird dem Regler zusätzlich die Auslauftemperatur zugeleitet. Anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur kann so bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung (Identifikations-Brennerleistung) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet und die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums anhand dieser Menge geregelt werden.The inventive method for controlling thermals, in particular for control a domestic water flow heater, according to the aforementioned principles. The heat transfer medium is at the inlet of the heat exchanger to the heat exchanger fed and discharged via the outlet. The outlet temperature detectable at the outlet is combined with a temperature set by the operator of the spa supplied to the controller, the corresponding control difference from these forms two temperatures. According to the method of the invention is the controller in addition, the outlet temperature supplied. Based on the slew rate the outlet temperature can thus at a predeterminable burner power (identification burner power) the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium is calculated and the heating of the heat transfer medium can be controlled by this amount.
Mit Vorteil wird die Brennerleistung dann bei größeren Mengen von abgeführtem Wärmeträgermedium stärker und bei kleineren Mengen von dem abgeführten Wärmeträgermedium schwächer verändert. Advantageously, the burner power is then at larger amounts of discharged heat transfer medium stronger and smaller amounts of the discharged heat transfer medium changed more weakly.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Brennerleistung in Abhängigkeit von der eingestellten Soll-Temperatur auf einen vorgebbaren Maximalwert begrenzt, der einem Bruchteil der Brennerleistung bei maximaler Soll-Temperatur entspricht. Diese begrenzte Brennerleistung wird im Anschluß an die Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums als Obergrenze für die modulierende Regelung verwendet, um beispielsweise bei Verwendung eines Pl-Reglers ein Überschwingen der Auslauftemperatur zu verhindern und um die Modulation des Brenners näher an die aktuell benötigte Leistung anzugleichen. Die Begrenzung des Stellbereichs kann sowohl im Komfort- als auch im Auslaufbetrieb aktiv sein und wird ggfs. um eine bestimmte Brennerleistung (beispielsweise 5 %) nach oben gesetzt, um Toleranzen auszugleichen.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burner performance depending on the set target temperature to a predefinable Maximum value limited to a fraction of the burner output at maximum setpoint temperature equivalent. This limited burner power will be following the calculation the amount of discharged heat transfer medium as the upper limit for the used modulating control, for example, when using a Pl-controller to prevent overshoot of the outlet temperature and to the modulation of the burner closer to the currently required power. The limit of the setting range can be active both in the comfort mode and in the shutdown mode and if necessary, is set up by a certain burner output (for example 5%), to compensate for tolerances.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird zur Regelung der Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums nicht die vom Nutzer der Therme vorgebbare Soll-Temperatur direkt, sondern die Summe dieser Soll-Temperatur und einer Soll-Korrekturtemperatur verwendet.According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Control of the heating of the heat transfer medium not the user of the spa specifiable target temperature directly, but the sum of this target temperature and a desired correction temperature used.
Mit Vorteil erhält man die exakten Soll-Temperaturen im Rahmen eines Kalibrierprozesses an zwei verschiedenen Messpunkten der Auslauf- bzw. Komforttemperatur und berechnet die Soll-Korrekturtemperatur an diesen mindestens zwei verschiedenen Werten der Soll-Temperatur, während alle anderen Werte der Soll-Temperatur anhand einer zwischen diesen zwei verschiedenen Werten der Soll-Temperatur liegenden Geraden linear interpoliert werden.Advantageously, the exact target temperatures are obtained in the context of a calibration process at two different measuring points of the outlet and comfort temperature and calculates the target correction temperature at these at least two different ones Values of the setpoint temperature, while all other values are based on the setpoint temperature a line lying between these two different values of the target temperature be linearly interpolated.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Einlauftemperatur des Wärmeträgermediums am Einlauf des Wärmetauschers geschätzt werden, ohne daß hierfür ein Einlauftemperaturfühler notwendig ist. Wird beispielsweise das Wärmeträgermedium mittels eines Sekundärtauschers erwärmt, so kann als Einlauftemperatur die gemessene Puffermediumtemperatur im Puffermediumspeicher (Brauchwasserspeicher oder Kessel) zuzüglich einer Korrekturtemperatur verwendet werden, wenn der Fühler auf der Kaltwasserseite des Wärmetauschers angebracht ist und die Zeit der Abführung eine vorbestimmbare Maximalzeit überschreitet. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention can estimated the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger be, without this, an inlet temperature sensor is necessary. For example the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger, so can be used as inlet temperature, the measured buffer medium temperature in the buffer medium storage (DHW tank or boiler) plus a correction temperature used when the sensor is mounted on the cold water side of the heat exchanger is and the time of discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.
In diesem Fall wird dem Puffermediumspeicher (Brauchwasserspeicher) ausreichend viel Wärmeträgermedium entzogen, so daß die Temperatur im Puffermediumspeicher in etwa der Einlauftemperatur entspricht. Hierfür kann als Kriterium eine vorbestimmbare Zeit der Abführung von Wärmeträgermedium verwendet werden. Mit Vorteil wird als Einlauftemperatur diese gemessene Puffermediumtemperatur zuzüglich einer Korrekturtemperatur jedoch nur dann verwendet, wenn diese innerhalb eines vorbestimmbaren (zulässigen) Temperaturbereichs um einen bevorzugten Mittelwert herum liegt. Mit Vorteil ist dieser in etwa 15°C mit einer Schwankungsbreite von etwa +/- 5 K.In this case, the buffer medium storage (DHW tank) is sufficient removed a lot of heat transfer medium, so that the temperature in the buffer medium storage corresponds approximately to the inlet temperature. For this purpose, a predeterminable criterion Time of discharge of heat transfer medium can be used. Advantageously, as Inlet temperature, this measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature however, used only if they are within a predeterminable range (permissible) temperature range around a preferred average around. With Advantage is this in about 15 ° C with a fluctuation of about +/- 5 K.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird bei der Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums im Taktbetrieb, d.h. bei sehr geringen Mengen von abgeführtem Wärmeträgermedium, nach einem Starten des Brenners von einer Zündleistung möglichst unmittelbar auf eine vorbestimmbare und abspeicherbare Taktleistung umgeschaltet. Als Taktleistung wird mit Vorteil die letzte Leistung vor der Abschaltung des Brenners oder die minimale einstellbare Leistung des Brenners verwendet.According to another preferred embodiment of the invention is in the heating the heat transfer medium in the clock mode, i. at very low levels of discharged heat transfer medium, after starting the burner of a firing performance as directly as possible to a predeterminable and storable clock power switched. As a clock power is with advantage the last performance before the shutdown of the burner or the minimum adjustable power of the burner used.
Bei kleinen abgeführten Mengen von Wärmeträgermedium besteht das Problem, daß nach einer erneuten Einschaltung des Brenners der Modulationsregler die Brennerleistung von einer Zündleistung (Startleistung) herunterregeln muß, wenn die entnommene Menge an Wärmeträgermedium nur sehr gering ist. Wenn dies nicht schnell genug erfolgt, so tritt der Zustand ein, daß die Temperatur im Wärmetauscher schnell den Brennerausschaltpunkt erreicht und der Brenner wieder abgeschaltet wird. Dies führt zu einer großen Brennerschalthäufigkeit. Mit Hilfe dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Brenner jedoch nicht im Modulationsbetrieb "gestartet", sondern zunächst auf die "gemerkte" Brennerleistung umgeschaltet, die gleichzeitig auch zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit und somit zur Erkennung der Zapfmenge verwendet werden kann.For small discharged quantities of heat transfer medium, the problem is that after a renewed activation of the burner, the modulation controller, the burner output from a firing rate (starting power) down must, if the withdrawn Quantity of heat transfer medium is very low. If not fast enough takes place, then enters the state that the temperature in the heat exchanger quickly Burner switch-off reached and the burner is switched off again. this leads to to a large Brennerschalthäufigkeit. With the help of this preferred embodiment However, the burner of the method according to the invention is not in the modulation mode "started", but first switched to the "remembered" burner power, at the same time for measuring the slew rate and thus for detection the tap quantity can be used.
Während des abgeschalteten Zustands des Brenners im Taktbetrieb wird das Gebläse des Brenners nicht ausgeschaltet, sondern vorzugsweise mit einer Zünddrehzahl weiterhin betrieben. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Brenner schneller zu starten, was ein "Durchsacken" der Auslauftemperatur reduziert. During shutdown of the burner in clock mode, the blower the burner is not turned off, but preferably continue at an ignition speed operated. This makes it possible to start the burner faster, which is a "Sagging" of the outlet temperature reduced.
Eine vorteilhafte Verwendung der Vorrichtung bzw. des Verfahrens nach der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt in der Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers. Dieser wird in den nachfolgenden Figuren näher erläutert.An advantageous use of the device or the method according to the present invention The invention is in the regulation of a domestic hot water heater. This is explained in more detail in the following figures.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Regler zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach der vorliegenden Erfindung weist mindestens einen Eingang zum Einlesen oder einen Prozessor zur Berechnung der Differenz zwischen einer einstellbaren Soll-Temperatur und der Auslauftemperatur eines von einem Brenner erwärmbaren Wärmeträgermediums auf und mindestens einen Ausgang zur Regelung der Leistung des Brenners, wobei der Regler mindestens einen weiteren Eingang zum Einlesen der Auslauftemperatur aufweist, wobei der Regler dann die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit der Auslauftemperatur bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung mißt und anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet. Mit Hilfe der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums kann der Regler dann die Regelung zur Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums optimieren.A controller according to the invention for carrying out a method according to the present invention Invention has at least one input for reading in or a processor for Calculation of the difference between an adjustable setpoint temperature and the outlet temperature a heatable by a burner heat transfer medium and at least one output for controlling the power of the burner, the regulator has at least one further input for reading in the outlet temperature, the controller then determines the rate of increase of the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner power and based on the rate of increase the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium calculated. With the help of the calculated Quantity of discharged heat transfer medium, the controller can then control the Optimize heating of the heat transfer medium.
Mit Vorteil verändert der Regler die Brennerleistung im Anschluß an die Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums modulierend, wobei die Reglerparameter anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums veränderbar sind.Advantageously, the controller changes the burner output following the calculation modulating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, wherein the controller parameters changeable on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium are.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Zeichnungen für die zwei Prinzipien der Auslauftemperatur-Regelung (Figur 1) und der Komforttemperatur-Regelung (Figur 2) näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
Figur 1- die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Primärwärmetauscher (Auslauftemperatur-Regelung);
Figur 2- die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Sekundärwärmetauscher (Auslauf- und Komforttemperatur-Regelung);
Figur 3- das Schema der Regelung der Auslauftemperatur nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Figur 4- die graphische Darstellung der Zapfmengenerkennung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Figur 5- die graphische Darstellung des Setzens der Startleistung im Taktbetrieb des Brenners; und
- Figuren 6a u. 6b
- die graphische Darstellung geeigneter Korrekturwerte für die Komforttemperatur-Regelung und die Auslauftemperatur-Regelung (beide Regelungen mittels der Auslauftemperatur am Wärmetauscher).
- FIG. 1
- the schematic representation of a water heater with primary heat exchanger (outlet temperature control);
- FIG. 2
- the schematic representation of a water heater with secondary heat exchanger (outlet and comfort temperature control);
- FIG. 3
- the scheme of the regulation of the outlet temperature according to the present invention;
- FIG. 4
- the plot of the draft detection according to the present invention;
- FIG. 5
- the graph of setting the starting power in the cyclic operation of the burner; and
- FIGS. 6a and 6b
- the graphic representation of suitable correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control (both regulations by means of the outlet temperature at the heat exchanger).
Figur 1 zeigt die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Primärtauscher
7 (Primärwärmetauscher), der von einem Brenner 2 (lediglich schematisch dargestellt)
erhitzt wird. Das Kaltwasser KW wird über einen Kaltwassereinlauf 5 dem Primärtauscher
7 zugeführt und dort erhitzt. Das erhitzte Wasser wird an einer Zapfstelle 6 als
Warmwasser WW entnommen. Zur Messung der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus dient ein
Auslauftemperaturfühler B3 (Temperatursensor 9). Über einen Druckschalter (flowswitch)
FS wird die Zapfung von Warmwasser WW erkannt. Der Brenner 2 dient
gleichzeitig auch zur Erwärmung eines Heizmediums, wie beispielswasser Wasser, zur
Wärmeversorgung eines Hauses. Lediglich schematisch dargestellt ist ein Wärmetauscher
8 mit Vorlauftemperaturfühler B2, Rücklauftemperaturfühler B7, Vorlaufpumpe
oder Heizkreispumpe Q1, Verbraucher 3 (Heizkörper) und Wasserleitung 4.Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of a water heater with primary exchanger
7 (primary heat exchanger), that of a burner 2 (shown only schematically)
is heated. The cold water KW is the primary exchanger via a
Figur 2 zeigt die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Sekundärwärmetauscher,
wo das Kaltwasser KW nicht direkt vom Brenner 2, sondern über einen
Sekundärtauscher 10 (Sekundärwärmetauscher) erwärmt wird. Der Sekundärtauscher
10 wird von dem Heizmedium über ein Drei-Wege-Ventil UV mit Wärme versorgt, die
das Kaltwasser erwärmt. Auch hier dient ein Auslauftemperaturfühler B3 zur Messung
der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus. Ein Einlauftemperaturfühler B5 und ein Puffermediumtemperaturfühler
B4 ist ebenfalls schematisch angedeutet. Ein Druckschalter FS ist
hier ausgangsseitig an der Zapfstelle 6 zur Messung einer Zapfung von Warmwasser
WW angeordnet. Die Heizkreispumpe Q1 liegt in diesem Fall auf der Rücklaufseite des
Kessels 8 vor dem Rücklauftemperaturfühler B7 und sorgt gleichzeitig zur Umwälzung
des Heizmediums im Sekundärtauscher 10. Anstelle des Drei-Wege-Ventiles UV kann
auch eine eigene Brauchwasserkreispumpe eingesetzt werden. FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of a continuous flow heater with secondary heat exchanger,
where the cold water KW is not directly from the
Bei beiden Durchlauferhitzern nach Figur 1 und Figur 2 soll nun ein schnelles Nachregeln
der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus bei Volumenstromschwankungen ermöglicht werden,
indem man den Volumenstrom indirekt erfaßt und als Störgröße dem Regler 1 aufschaltet.
Als Störgrößenaufschaltung dient die Anpassung der Reglerparameter an die
veränderliche Streckendynamik.In both instantaneous water heaters of Figure 1 and Figure 2 is now a quick readjustment of the outlet temperature θ Aus are made possible with volumetric flow fluctuations by indirectly detecting the volume flow and turns on the
Figur 3 zeigt - stark vereinfacht - die Regelstruktur. Der Regler 1 regelt den Brenner 2
mittels einer Stellgröße, d.h. mit Vorteil einem Signal für die Leistung des Brenners.
Der Brenner 2 steht in dem Regelschema nach Figur 3 stellvertretend für die zu regelnde
Strecke, die natürlich neben dem Brenner 2 auch den Wärmetauscher, das zu
erwärmende Kaltwasser und sämtliche anderen Störgrößen und Streckenteile beinhaltet.
Die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus wird - wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt -
rückgeführt und mit der Soll-Temperatur ϑSoll mit negativem Vorzeichen addiert, so daß
eine Temperaturdifferenz Δϑ dem Regler 1 zugeführt werden kann. Gleichzeitig wird
dem Regler 1 auch die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus zugeführt.Figure 3 shows - greatly simplified - the control structure. The
Grundlage für die Erkennung der entnommenen Menge an Wärmeträgermedium ist nun die Tatsache, daß für jede Zapfmenge eine bestimmte Energie dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden muß, um die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus bei einer bestimmten Einlauftemperatur ϑEin konstant zu halten. Falls mehr Energie zugeführt wird, steigt die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus mit einer bestimmten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA an. Wird daher mehr Energie dem Wärmetauscher zugeführt als anhand der Zapfmenge benötigt wird, so wird die Rücklauf- bzw. Auslauftemperatur ϑAus ansteigen. Die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA wird von der nicht benötigten Energie (Überschußenergie) bestimmt. Je höher die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA ist, desto geringer ist die entnommene Menge an Warmwasser WW, d.h. Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA und Zapfmenge sind indirekt umgekehrt voneinander abhängig.The basis for the detection of the extracted amount of heat transfer medium is now the fact that for each bleed a certain energy must be supplied to the heat exchanger in order to keep the outlet temperature θ out at a certain inlet temperature θEin a constant. If more energy is supplied, the outlet temperature θ out increases at a certain rate of increase v A. Therefore, if more energy is supplied to the heat exchanger than is required on the basis of the tap quantity, the return or outlet temperature θ Aus will increase. The rate of increase v A is determined by the unneeded energy (excess energy). The higher the rate of increase v A , the lower the amount of hot water WW withdrawn, that is, the rate of increase v A and the amount of tapping are indirectly inversely dependent on one another.
Eine Zuordnung zur Zapfmenge kann nun dahingehend gemacht werden, als die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA, die gemessen wird (bei den unterschiedlichen Temperatur-Sollwerten ϑSoll), zu der größten Zapfmenge gehört. Dadurch ist es auch möglich, daß sich der entsprechende erfindungsgemäße Algorithmus an das jeweilige Durchlauferhitzer-System adaptieren kann. Damit der Anstiegsgradient, d.h. die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus immer bei der gleichen Brennerleistung ermittelt werden kann, muß bei Beginn der Zapfung immer die gleiche Identifikations-Brennerleistung aufgeschaltet werden. Diese kann beispielsweise 80 % der benötigten Brennerleistung bei der theoretischen maximalen Zapfmenge für die vorgegebene Solltemperatur ϑSoll sein.An assignment to the bleed amount can now be made to the effect that the smallest slew rate v A that is measured (at the different temperature setpoints θ target ) belongs to the largest bleed amount. As a result, it is also possible that the corresponding inventive algorithm can adapt to the respective instantaneous water heater system. So that the gradient of rise, ie the rate of increase v A of the outlet temperature θ out, can always be determined at the same burner output, the same identification burner output must always be switched on at the beginning of the tap. This may, for example, be 80% of the required burner output at the theoretical maximum dispensing quantity for the predefined setpoint temperature θ desired .
Die Identifikations-Brennerleistung wird somit immer abhängig von der Leistung bei der maximalen Zapfmenge berechnet. Damit wird sichergestellt, daß man mit dieser Brennerleistung nach der Berechnung der Zapfmenge, d.h. nach der Identifikation immer in der Nähe der tatsächlich benötigten Leistung liegt. Bei sehr geringer Zapfmenge wird man dagegen zu hoch in der Leistung liegen.The identification burner performance is thus always dependent on the performance at the maximum dispensing amount calculated. This ensures that you can with this burner performance after calculating the dispensing amount, i. after identification always in near the actual required power. At very low dispensing amount is on the other hand, you are too high in performance.
Die Identifikations-Brennerleistung (KidentBre z. B. = 80 %) für verschiedene Sollwert-Einstellungen
kann dabei wie folgt aussehen:
Identifikation
Unter Bezugnahme auf Figur 4 wird nun der Ablauf der Zapfmengenerkennung bei einem Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzer beschrieben. SdBwAusMax steht dabei für die obere Grenze der Schaltdifferenz zum Ausschalten des Brenners, SdBwAusMin steht für die untere Grenze der Schaltdifferenz für das Ausschalten des Brenners und SdEin steht für die untere Schaltdifferenz zum Einschalten des Brenners.With reference to FIG. 4, the flow of the bleed amount detection at a Hot water instantaneous water heater described. SdBwAusMax stands for the upper limit of the switching difference for switching off the burner, SdBwAusMin for the lower limit of the switching differential for switching off the burner and SdOn stands for the lower switching differential for switching on the burner.
Entsprechend dem eingestellten Temperatur-Sollwerts ϑSoll wird beim Erkennen einer
Warmwasserzapfung und bei Einschalten des Brenners 2 die Brennerleistung für Identifikation
nach obiger Tabelle aufgeschaltet. Nach Beginn einer Warmwasserzapfung
wird die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus (bzw. die Rücklauftemperatur bei z. B. Heizungen) zunächst
abfallen und danach wieder ansteigen (vgl. Figur 4). Der Anstieg der Auslauftemperatur
ϑAus (Abfall- oder Anstiegsgradient) wird detektiert und damit das Minimum
der Auslauftemperatur ϑMinimum bestimmt. Dieses Minimum der Auslauftemperatur ϑMinimum
wird gemerkt und ab diesem Zeitpunkt die Zeit erfaßt (Zeitpunkt t0).In accordance with the set temperature setpoint θ setpoint , the burner output for identification according to the above table is activated when a hot water tap is detected and when the
Die Zeit wird nun so lange gemessen, bis die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus die Soll-Temperatur ϑSoll erreicht hat (Zeitpunkt t1). Anschließend wird die Differenztemperatur Δϑ zwischen der Soll-Temperatur ϑSoll und der Minimum-Temperatur ϑMinimum und die Differenz Δt zwischen den Zeitpunkten t1 und t0 gebildet. Das Verhältnis Δϑ zu Δt gibt den Anstiegsgradienten, d.h. die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus bei konstanter Brennerleistung an und ist damit ein indirektes Maß für die entsprechende Zapfmenge.The time is then measured until the discharge temperature θ from the set temperature θ has reached target (time t 1). Thereafter, the differential temperature Δθ between the target temperature θ target and the minimum temperature θ minimum and the difference Δt between the times t 1 and t 0 is formed. The ratio Δθ to .DELTA.t is the rising gradient, the rising speed v A ie at the outlet temperature θ off at a constant burner power and is thus an indirect measure of the amount corresponding pin.
Der gemessene Anstiegsgradient wird mit den gespeicherten Minimal- und Maximalwerten verglichen. Ist der gemessene Wert kleiner als der gespeicherte Minimalwert (kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vAmin), so wird dieser Wert dann als neuer Minimalwert gespeichert. Jede gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA, die größer als der gespeicherte Wert ist, deutet auf eine kleinere Zapfmenge hin. Weiterhin wird die größte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vAmax (kleinste Zapfmenge) gespeichert. Ergeben sich nun kleinere bzw. größere Anstiegsgeschwindigkeiten als die vorher abgespeicherten Werte, so werden diese dann als Minimal- bzw. Maximalwerte gespeichert.The measured slope gradient is compared with the stored minimum and maximum values. If the measured value is less than the stored minimum value (minimum slew rate v Amin ), then this value is stored as a new minimum value. Each measured slew rate v A that is greater than the stored value indicates a smaller bleed amount. Furthermore, the largest rising speed vAmax (smallest dispensing amount) is stored. If there are now smaller or greater slew rates than the previously stored values, these are then stored as minimum or maximum values.
Hierbei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn nach der Erst-Inbetriebnahme mit maximaler Zapfmenge Warmwasser WW gezapft wird. Damit kann die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit ermittelt werden. Für die größte Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit kann dann beispielsweise die doppelte kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vAmin als neuer Startwert gesetzt werden. Im laufenden Betrieb werden diese Werte dann weiter adaptiert.It is particularly advantageous if hot water DH is tapped after the initial start-up with maximum dispensing amount. Thus, the smallest slew rate can be determined. For the highest slew rate, for example, twice the smallest slew rate v Amin may be set as the new start value. During operation, these values are then further adapted.
Liegt der ermittelte Anstiegsgradient, d.h. die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA
zwischen dem gespeicherten Minimalwert vAmin und Maximalwert vAmax, so wird dann
zwischen diesen Begrenzungswerten auf die dazwischen liegende Zapfmenge umgerechnet.
Aus dieser Zapfmenge kann dann auf die benötigte Brennerleistung umgeschaltet
und der Modulationsregler bezüglich der Leistungsverstellung freigegeben
werden (siehe Zeitpunkt t1 in Figur 4). In Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Zapfmenge können
dann die Reglerparameter des Reglers 1 entsprechend umgeschaltet werden.If the ascertained gradient of gradient, ie the measured rate of increase vA between the stored minimum value v Amin and the maximum value v Amax , is then converted between these limit values to the intermediate bleed amount. From this tap quantity can then be switched to the required burner power and the modulation controller with respect to the power adjustment are released (see time t 1 in Figure 4). Depending on the determined tap quantity then the controller parameters of the
Wird beispielsweise aus einem kalten Zustand gezapft, in dem der Sekundärtauscher
10 von unten hoch geheizt werden muß, gibt es kein Minimun, wie in Figur 4 dargestellt.
In diesem Fall muß bei einem festgelegten Δϑ unterhalb des Temperatur-Sollwertes
ϑSoll mit der Zeiterfassung begonnen werden. Als Δϑ wird dabei z. B. 5K
vorgegeben.For example, when tapping from a cold condition in which the
Reicht die Identifikations-Brennerleistung nicht aus, d.h. die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus
erreicht nie den Temperatur-Sollwert ϑSoll, so muß der Modulationsregler 1 vorzeitig
freigegeben werden. Für die Freigabe des Modulationsreglers gilt hierbei Folgendes:
Liegt die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus unterhalb des Temperatur-Sollwerts ϑSoll abzüglich
einer Einschaltdifferenz Δϑ und ist die Laufzeit ab diesem Zeitpunkt t0 größer als beispielsweise
1 Minute, so wird der Modulationsregler freigegeben.If the identification burner output is insufficient, ie the outlet temperature θout never reaches the temperature setpoint θ setpoint , the
Figur 5 zeigt die schematische Darstellung des Setzens der Startleistung im Taktbetrieb
des Brenners 2, d.h. bei kleinen Zapfmengen. Während im oberen Teil der Figur 5
wie in Fig. 4 die Auslauftemperatur ϑAus gegenüber der Zeit aufgetragen wurde, ist im
unteren Teil der Figur 5 die Leistung des Brenners 2 gegenüber der Zeit entsprechend
der darüber liegenden Auslauftemperatur ϑAus dargestellt. Sobald ein Taktbetrieb erkannt
wurde, d.h. die Zapfung besonders kleiner Mengen von Warmwasser WW und
der Brenner 2 ausschaltet, wird die zuletzt verwandte Leistung des Brenners 2 in einem
Speicher des Reglers 1 abgespeichert.Figure 5 shows the schematic representation of setting the starting power in the cyclic operation of the
Während der Brenner 2 ausgeschaltet bleibt, ist es möglich, das Gebläse des Brenners
weiterlaufen zu lassen, um beim Wiederanschalten des Brenners möglichst
schnell in den geeigneten Drehzahlbereich zu kommen. Sobald die Auslauftemperatur
ϑAus die untere Grenze der Schaltdifferenz SdEin kreuzt, schaltet der Brenner 2 wieder
ein, wobei hier die zuvor "gemerkte", d.h. im Regler 1 abgespeicherte Leistung verwandt
wird, die dann auch beispielsweise zur Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit vA
verwendet werden kann, falls dies zuvor noch nicht erfolgt ist. Nach der ldentifikationsphase
(Leistung konstant) wird der Modulationsregler freigegeben. While the
Die Brennerleistung wird nach dem Wiedereinschalten des Brenners gemäß Figur 5 dann auf minimale Leistung gesetzt, wenn die zuletzt eingestellte Brennerleistung kleiner ist als die minimale Brennerleistung.The burner output becomes after switching on the burner according to FIG. 5 then set to minimum power when the last set burner power is smaller is the minimum burner output.
Figuren 6a und 6b zeigen Korrekturwerte für die Komforttemperatur-Regelung und die Auslauftemperatur-Regelung, die zur Korrektur des Temperatur-Sollwerts ϑSoll verwandt werden können, um eine Abweichung von den realistischen Temperaturwerten zu kompensieren.Figures 6a and 6b show correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control, which can be used to correct the temperature setpoint θ Soll to compensate for a deviation from the realistic temperature values.
Durch die Art des Wärmetauscher, durch die Rohrleitunsverluste oder durch die Art der verwendeten Sensoren (z.B. Anlegesensor) stimmt die gemessene Auslauftemperatur ϑAus sowohl bei der Auslauftemperatur-Regelung als auch bei der Komforttemperatur-Regelung mit dem vorgegebenen Temperatur-Sollwert nicht exakt überein, d.h. es kommt zu einer Offset-Verschiebung, die zudem vom eingestellten Temperatur-Sollwert ϑSoll abhängt. Dieses Verhalten lässt sich durch die Offset-Verschiebung korrigieren.Due to the type of heat exchanger, through the Rohrleitunverluste or by the type of sensors used (eg application sensor) is the measured outlet temperature θOus both at the outlet temperature control and the comfort temperature control with the predetermined temperature setpoint not exactly match, ie comes to an offset shift, which also depends on the set temperature setpoint θ target . This behavior can be corrected by the offset shift.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann beispielsweise ein Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzer weitaus genauer und zuverlässiger geregelt werden, ohne daß es zu großen Schwankungen der Auslauftemperatur ϑAus kommt.By the method according to the invention or by the device according to the invention, for example, a hot water instantaneous water heater can be controlled much more accurately and reliably, without causing large fluctuations in the outlet temperature θ out .
Claims (26)
- Device for controlling fluid heaters, in particular for controlling a service water through-flow heater, with a burner (2) for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the heat transfer medium, which has a specific inlet temperature (in) at the inlet, an outlet for discharging the heat transfer medium, which has a specific outlet temperature (out) at the outlet, and a controller (1), which controls the heating of the heat transfer medium at least in dependence on a setpoint temperature (set) and the outlet temperature (out), characterized in that the controller (1) measures a rate of rise (vA) of the outlet temperature (out) for a predeterminable burner power output, the discharged amount of heat transfer medium being calculated on the basis of the rate of rise (vA), and in that the controller (1) controls the heating of the heat transfer medium also on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium.
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that, after the calculation of the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, the controller (1) changes the burner power output in a modulating manner, it being possible for the controller parameters to be changed on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium.
- Device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the controller (1) has a memory for storing the smallest and greatest rates of rise (vAmin; vAmax) of the outlet temperature (out) for each setpoint temperature (set) that can be set, in that the controller (1) compares the measured rate of rise (vA) with the smallest and greatest rates of rise (vAmin; vAmax), and in that, if the measured rate of rise (vA) is less than the smallest rate of rise (vAmin) or if it is greater than the greatest rate of rise (vAmax), the controller (1) stores the measured rate of rise (vA) in the memory as the smallest or greatest rate of rise (vAmin; vAmax).
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for a set setpoint temperature (set) and for the predeterminable burner power output, the controller (1) assigns the smallest rate of rise (vAmin) to the greatest dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium and assigns the greatest rate of rise (vAmax) to the smallest dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium and calculates on the basis of the measured rate of rise (vA) the discharged amount of heat transfer medium linearly in relation thereto.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) sets as the predeterminable burner power output 60% to 100%, preferably approximately 80%, of the required burner power output for the maximum dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium for a set setpoint temperature (set).
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) starts the measurement of the rate of rise (vA) for a minimum outlet temperature (outmin) and ends it when the setpoint temperature (set) is reached.
- Device according to one of Claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the controller (1) starts the measurement of the rate of rise (vA) for a predeterminable temperature difference below the setpoint temperature (set) and ends it when the setpoint temperature (set) is reached.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with the predeterminable burner power output and with the setpoint temperature (set) not reached, after a predeterminable time period has elapsed the controller (1) changes the burner power output in a modulating manner without taking into account the amount of heat transfer medium.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with every change in the setpoint temperature (set), the controller (1) newly measures the rate of rise (vA) of the outlet temperature (out) for a burner power output which is assigned to the setpoint temperature and can be predetermined.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a secondary exchanger (10) can used for heating the heat transfer medium, in that the controller (1) uses the buffer medium temperature, measured on the basis of a buffer-medium temperature sensor (B4), plus a correction temperature as the inlet temperature (in) if there is no inlet temperature sensor (B5) and if the discharged amount of heat transfer medium exceeds a predeterminable maximum amount and/or the time of the discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.
- Method for controlling fluid heaters, in particular for controlling a service water through-flow heater, for heating a heat transfer medium by means of a burner (2), the heat transfer medium being supplied to a heat exchanger (7, 10) via an inlet and discharged again via an outlet, the heat transfer medium having a specific inlet temperature (in) at the inlet and a specific outlet temperature (out) at the outlet, and the heating of the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger (7, 10) being controlled at least in dependence on a setpoint temperature (set) and the outlet temperature (out), characterized in that a rate of rise (vA) of the outlet temperature (out) is measured for a predeterminable burner power output, in that the discharged amount of heat transfer medium is calculated on the basis of the rate of rise (vA), and in that the heating of the heat transfer medium is also controlled on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium.
- Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that, for a set setpoint temperature (set) and for the predeterminable burner power output, the smallest rate of rise (vAmin) is assigned to the greatest dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium and the greatest rate of rise (vAmax) is assigned to the smallest dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium and on the basis of the measured rate of rise (vA) the discharged amount of heat transfer medium is assigned linearly in relation thereto, and in that the control parameters are changed on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium in such a way that the burner power output is changed in such a way that it is stronger for greater amounts of discharged heat transfer medium and weaker for smaller amounts of discharged heat transfer medium.
- Method according to either of Claims 11 and 12, characterized in that 60% to 100%, preferably approximately 80%, of the required burner power output for the maximum dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium for a set setpoint temperature (set) is chosen as the predeterminable burner power output.
- Method according to one of Claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the burner power output is limited, in dependence on the setpoint temperature (set) that has been set, to a maximum value, which corresponds to a fraction of the burner power output for the maximum setpoint temperature (setmax) and for the greatest dischargeable amount of heat transfer medium.
- Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the limited burner power output is used after the calculation of the amount of discharged heat transfer medium for the modulating control.
- Method according to either of Claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the limitation of the burner power output is based on the maximum value if the controller (1) is at the power output limit for longer than a predeterminable time period and/or if the outlet temperature (out) does not reach the setpoint temperature (set) less a temperature difference and/or if the rate of rise (vA) of the outlet temperature (out) lies below a predeterminable limit.
- Method according to one of Claims 11 - 16, characterized in that the sum of the setpoint temperature (set) and a setpoint correction temperature (corr) is used for controlling the heating of the heat transfer medium.
- Method according to Claim 17, characterized in that the setpoint correction temperature (corr) is calculated at at least two different values of the setpoint temperature (set) by measuring the exact setpoint temperatures and for all the other values of the setpoint temperature (set) is linearly interpolated on the basis of a straight line lying between the two different values of the setpoint temperature (set).
- Method according to one of Claims 11 - 18, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger (10), in that the measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature is used as the inlet temperature (in) if there is no inlet temperature sensor (B5) and if the discharged amount of heat transfer medium exceeds a predeterminable maximum amount and/or the time of the discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.
- Method according to Claim 19, characterized in that the measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature is only used as the inlet temperature (in) if it lies within a predeterminable temperature range about a preferred mean value.
- Method according to one of Claims 11 - 20, characterized in that, after starting the burner (2), a changeover is made from an igniting power output to a predeterminable and storable pulsed power output of the burner.
- Method according to Claim 21, characterized in that the pulsed power output of the burner is the last power output before the burner (2) is switched off or the minimum power output of the burner (2) that can be set.
- Method according to either of Claims 21 and 22, characterized in that, in pulsed operation, i.e. for small discharged amounts of the heat transfer medium, the blower of the burner (2) is not switched off and preferably operated at an igniting speed.
- Use of the device according to one of Claims 1 to 10 and/or a method according to one of Claims 11 to 23 for controlling a service water through-flow heater.
- Controller (1) for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 11 to 23, in particular for controlling a service water through-flow heater, with at least one input for reading in or a processor for calculating the difference between a setpoint temperature (set) which can be set and the outlet temperature (out) of a heat transfer medium which can be heated by a burner (2), and at least one output for controlling the power output of the burner (2), characterized in that the controller (1) has at least one input for reading in the outlet temperature (out), in that the controller (1) measures a rate of rise (vA) of the outlet temperature (out) for a predeterminable burner power output, the discharged amount of heat transfer medium being calculated on the basis of the rate of rise (vA), and in that the controller (1) also controls the heating of the heat transfer medium on the basis of the calculated amount of a discharged heat transfer medium.
- Controller according to Claim 25, characterized in that, after the calculation of the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, the controller (1) changes the burner power output in a modulating manner, it being possible for the controller parameters to be changed on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10154198A DE10154198A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Device and method for regulating thermal baths |
DE10154198 | 2001-11-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1310746A1 EP1310746A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1310746B1 true EP1310746B1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=7704623
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02023856A Expired - Lifetime EP1310746B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-10-24 | Device and method for control of fluid heater |
EP02023855A Expired - Lifetime EP1310736B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-10-24 | Controller and control method for a burner |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02023855A Expired - Lifetime EP1310736B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-10-24 | Controller and control method for a burner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1310746B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE335169T1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE10154198A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021037311A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for operating a heating device |
WO2023235393A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Laars Heating Systems Company | System and method for determining heat transfer capacity of an indirect water heater |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0413304D0 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-07-14 | Taran Systems Ltd | Heating control system |
IT1393216B1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2012-04-11 | Eberle | DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY BALANCE, PARTICULARLY FOR HEATING BOILERS. |
DE102021108035A1 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Water heater and method of controlling the water heater |
CN114251831B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-04-11 | 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 | Instant heating type heating device, regulation and control method and device thereof, water utilization equipment and medium |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH667516A5 (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1988-10-14 | Vaillant Gmbh | Two-point regulation system for gas fired central heating boiler |
JPS61149761A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Gas-burning tap-controlled water heater |
NL8503345A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-07-01 | Nefit Nv | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A HOT WATER SUPPLY. |
IT1188694B (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1988-01-20 | Nuovo Pignone Ind Meccaniche & | DOMESTIC WATER TEMPERATURE REGULATION SYSTEM IN GAS MIXED WALL-MOUNTED BOILERS |
CH682185A5 (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-07-30 | Landis & Gyr Business Support | |
GB2265027A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-15 | Worcester Heat Systems Ltd | Controlling operation of a gas boiler |
DE4305870C2 (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1997-07-03 | Sandler Energietechnik | Process water temperature control |
DE4438881A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-02 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Procedure for demand conforming operation of heating and user water circuit |
DE19512025C2 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-01-28 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas heater |
DE19804565C2 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 2000-01-27 | Christoph Kummerer | Self-learning control procedure |
DE19841256C2 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-10-26 | Viessmann Werke Kg | Method and device for heating or cooling a fluid in a heat exchanger or cold exchanger and control therefor |
DE19844856C1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-05-18 | Honeywell Bv | Hot water heater |
-
2001
- 2001-11-07 DE DE10154198A patent/DE10154198A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-10-24 DE DE50207704T patent/DE50207704D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 DE DE50202701T patent/DE50202701D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 AT AT02023855T patent/ATE335169T1/en active
- 2002-10-24 EP EP02023856A patent/EP1310746B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 EP EP02023855A patent/EP1310736B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021037311A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for operating a heating device |
DE102019123030A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Method of operating a heater |
WO2023235393A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Laars Heating Systems Company | System and method for determining heat transfer capacity of an indirect water heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10154198A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
DE50202701D1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1310736B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
EP1310736A2 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1310746A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
DE50207704D1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
ATE335169T1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
EP1310736A3 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
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