EP1310746A1 - Device and method for control of fluid heater - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for regulating an instantaneous water heater has a burner (2) for heating a heat carrying medium, an inlet for supply of heat carrying medium, with a given inlet temperature and an outlet with an outlet temperature. A regulator (1) measures the rate of increase of the outlet temperature for a given burner capacity, which enables the flowrate of output carrying medium to be calculated. The regulator adjusts the heating of the medium based on the calculated flowrate. <??>Independent claims are made for a regulator and a method for controlling an instantaneous heater.

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for regulating Thermal baths according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11, a preferred one Use of the device and the method according to claim 25 and a Regulator for performing the method according to claim 26.

Such devices and methods for regulating thermal baths, in particular for Control of a hot water heater with a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, such as water, are already known, wherein there are basically two different principles here. This is the case with some manufacturers the process water or the heat transfer medium to be heated in a continuous flow principle directly heated by a burner via a heat exchanger, while at other manufacturers a second heat exchanger, i.e. a so-called secondary exchanger, for domestic water heating is used. Outline these two basic principles the representations in Figures 1 and 2, which are discussed in detail below.

In the known thermal baths or instantaneous water heaters, the heat transfer medium is used either directly via a primary exchanger or indirectly using the heated water the heating is heated via a secondary exchanger and at suitable tapping points, for example in the kitchen or in the bathroom. The regulation of the burner Such thermal baths are carried out in the known prior art by measuring the Outlet temperature at the outlet of the primary exchanger or the secondary exchanger, the compared with a predetermined target temperature and the controller, for example one PI controller, is supplied to output a manipulated variable, the manipulated variable being, for example can be a signal to adjust the power of the burner.

All these principles have in common that the outlet temperature for regulating the Brenners, i.e. is used to regulate the heating of the heat transfer medium, the amount of the heat transfer medium removed at the outlet of the heat exchanger, i.e. the flow (volume flow) on the domestic water side, but is not recorded and this results in considerable fluctuations in the regulations at the tapping points (such as in the kitchen or bathroom) to corresponding temperature fluctuations to lead.

The quantity of the heat transfer medium that is not measured represents a disturbance variable in the control loop and has a great influence on the dynamics of the control loop.

The object of the present invention is the known devices and methods to control thermal baths to improve that temperature fluctuations Avoided on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and a reliable one Regulation of the burner of the thermal baths can be achieved for different principles can.

The aim of the invention is therefore to maintain a constant outlet temperature at different To achieve disturbance variables. The volume flow should be on the outlet side of the heat exchanger but cannot be measured by expensive volumetric flow meters, but the invention is based on the object of indirectly increasing the volume flow record in order to be able to use this for a feedforward control.

The present invention is not only intended for systems with direct heating of the heat transfer medium can be used in the primary exchanger, but also for all other systems such as in systems with secondary heat exchangers, which in all Usually only have a small buffer (in the order of approx. 1 l) must be kept on standby to bridge the time required enough energy around the secondary heat exchanger via a primary heat exchanger to make available, i.e. in addition to an outlet temperature control (primary heat exchanger) the invention is also intended for comfort temperature control (with secondary exchanger) be applicable.

The invention solves the underlying problem by the characterizing Features of independent claims 1 and 11 and 26, being advantageous Refinements and application variants of the invention in the subclaims are marked and described. An advantageous use of the method or the device is claimed in claim 25. One for an invention Device or controller suitable for the method according to the invention is shown in characterized the claims 26 and 27.

The device according to the invention for regulating thermal baths has a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the Heat transfer medium that has a certain inlet temperature at the inlet, one Spout for removing the heat transfer medium that has a specific one at the spout Has outlet temperature, and a controller that heats the heat transfer medium by means of a primary exchanger or a secondary exchanger at least depending a target temperature and the outlet temperature. For calculating the amount of the heat transfer medium removed on the outlet side of the heat exchanger (e.g. primary exchanger or secondary exchanger), i.e. to determine the The controller measures the tapping amount of the heat transfer medium at a rate of increase the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner output, with the aid of Rise rate calculates the amount of heat transfer medium removed becomes.

The mathematical basis for this calculation is the fact that the slew rate the outlet temperature with a constant burner output indirectly is proportional to the amount of heat transfer medium discharged, i.e. that a greater amount of heat transfer medium discharged at a lower rate of increase the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium leads and vice versa. For this, the rate of increase can be achieved at a set target temperature the outlet temperature in each case at a predetermined, but at least constant burner output can be measured for the time of measurement.

After calculating the amount of heat transfer medium removed changed the controller modulates the burner output, the controller parameters, i.e. for example the controller gain, based on the calculated amount of the discharged Heat transfer medium can be changed accordingly. For example, the controller sets determines that a large amount of heat transfer medium is removed, it does not have to - as in the prior art - on a corresponding drop in the outlet temperature "wait", but can directly control the control variable for the performance of the burner on the Coordinate the requested amount of heat transfer medium.

The controller advantageously has a memory for storing the smallest and largest Ramp rates of the outlet temperature for each adjustable target temperature on. As soon as the controller reaches the corresponding rate of increase Has measured outlet temperature, it compares this with the stored smallest or greatest rate of rise and stores the measured rate of rise then as the lowest or highest rate of increase in the memory, if the measured slew rate is less than the smallest stored one Rise rate or if this is greater than the largest stored Slew rate. This ensures that the smallest in each case and largest amounts of heat transfer medium (tapping quantities) removed and can be adapted during operation.

The control thus arranges at a set target temperature and at the predeterminable one Burner output the lowest rate of rise of the outlet temperature the largest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed (largest draw-off amount) and the greatest rate of increase of the outlet temperature of the smallest dissipatable Amount of heat transfer medium (smallest tap quantity) and calculated based on the measured rate of increase the amount of heat transfer medium removed linear in relation to it. In the simplest case, this can be done by specifying of the two points (maximum tapping quantity, lowest rate of rise and minimum Tapping amount, highest rate of rise) in the x-y coordinate system, which are connected by a straight line, so that all other taps at one measured slew rate between the smallest and largest slew rate can be read directly.

The controller advantageously chooses to calculate the amount of heat transfer medium removed, i.e. for measuring the slew rate, as a predeterminable burner output about 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the burner output required at the maximum removable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set Target temperature off. For a target temperature of 50 ° C, for example the controller as predeterminable burner output, for example 80% of the required Burner output at maximum draw-off quantity, in this case 80% from 77.8% from of the burner output, which at a maximum target temperature of, for example 60 ° C and would be necessary with the maximum draw-off quantity (maximum operation of the burner).

In principle, it is advisable to determine the maximum burner output at the maximum draw-off quantity and at the highest target temperature and to determine the corresponding burner outputs for measuring the rate of increase of the outlet temperature depending on the underlying target temperatures in a table. This could look like this, for example: Burner capacity at Setpoint temperature Drawing rate
maximum Drawing rate
medium Drawing rate
minimal 40 ° C 55.6% 37.0% 18.5% 50 ° C 77.8% 51.9% 25.9% 60 ° C 100% 66.6% 33.3%

The corresponding table values give an example of the burner output required (or 80% of it) to measure the slew rate again.

The controller advantageously starts measuring the slew rate at a minimum outlet temperature and ends the measurement when the target temperature is reached. This has the advantage that in the case of modulating burners the burner anyway if the outlet temperature falls below a minimum and then at this burner start immediately with the measurement of the slew rate can be started to immediately measure the amount of heat transfer medium removed to obtain.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention starts the controller measures the rate of rise at a predeterminable temperature difference below the target temperature and ends again when it is reached the target temperature. This is useful, for example, if the heat exchanger is heated from the cold state, since then a minimum outlet temperature does not yet exist and the heat exchanger can only be heated up from below got to.

If the target temperature is not reached with the predeterminable burner output, the amount of heat transfer medium removed is probably too high (i.e. "above" the power of the burner used for measurement), so that the controller at the predetermined Burner output and if the target temperature is not reached after expiration the burner output without taking into account a predeterminable period of time Amount of the heat transfer medium modulated changed. This represents a safety function of the controller properties.

The controller advantageously measures the rate of rise each time the set temperature changes the outlet temperature at a target temperature assigned to this and predeterminable burner output. The assigned and predeterminable Burner performance to measure the slew rate can also be used as an identification burner performance be designated.

The method according to the invention for regulating thermal baths, in particular for regulating a process water heater, is based on the aforementioned principles. The heat transfer medium becomes the heat exchanger at the inlet of the heat exchanger fed and discharged via the outlet. The outlet temperature detectable at the outlet together with a target temperature that can be determined by the operator of the thermal bath fed to the controller, the corresponding control difference from these forms two temperatures. According to the inventive method, the controller additionally the outlet temperature is supplied. Based on the rate of increase the outlet temperature can thus be determined at a predeterminable burner output (identification burner output) the amount of heat transfer medium removed is calculated and the heating of the heat transfer medium can be regulated based on this amount.

The burner output is then advantageously used for larger quantities of dissipated heat transfer medium stronger and with smaller amounts of the removed heat transfer medium changed less.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burner output depending on the set target temperature to a specifiable Maximum value limited, which is a fraction of the burner output at maximum target temperature equivalent. This limited burner output is calculated after the calculation the amount of heat transfer medium removed as an upper limit for the modulating control used, for example, when using a PI controller prevent overshoot of the outlet temperature and around the modulation to adjust the burner closer to the power currently required. The limitation the setting range can be active in both comfort and phase-out mode and may be increased by a certain burner output (e.g. 5%), to compensate for tolerances.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention Regulation of the heating of the heat transfer medium not that of the user of the thermal bath Predeterminable target temperature directly, but the sum of this target temperature and a target correction temperature is used.

The exact target temperatures are advantageously obtained as part of a calibration process at two different measuring points of the outlet or comfort temperature and calculates the target correction temperature on these at least two different ones Values of the target temperature, while all other values based on the target temperature a straight line between these two different values of the target temperature be linearly interpolated.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger is estimated without an inlet temperature sensor. For example the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger, so can measure the measured buffer medium temperature in the buffer medium storage as the inlet temperature (Domestic hot water tank or boiler) plus a correction temperature be used when the sensor is attached to the cold water side of the heat exchanger and the time of the discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.

In this case, the buffer medium storage (hot water storage) is sufficient much heat transfer medium withdrawn, so that the temperature in the buffer medium storage corresponds approximately to the inlet temperature. For this, a predeterminable criterion can be used Time of removal of the heat transfer medium can be used. Advantageously, as Inlet temperature this measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature however only used if this is within a predeterminable (permissible) temperature range lies around a preferred mean value. With This is advantageous at around 15 ° C with a fluctuation range of around +/- 5 K.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the heating of the heat transfer medium in cyclic operation, i.e. with very small amounts of dissipated heat transfer medium, after starting the burner from an ignition power as directly as possible to a predeterminable and storable clock power switched. The last power before switching off is advantageously used as the cycle power of the burner or the minimum adjustable output of the burner is used.

With small amounts of heat transfer medium removed there is the problem that after switching on the burner again the modulation controller the burner output from an ignition power (starting power) must reduce when the removed The amount of heat transfer medium is very small. If this is not fast enough takes place, the condition occurs that the temperature in the heat exchanger quickly Burner switch-off point reached and the burner is switched off again. this leads to to a high burner switching frequency. Using this preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, however, the burner is not in modulation mode "started", but first switched to the "noted" burner output, which at the same time also measures the slew rate and thus for detection of the tapping amount can be used.

The blower is switched on when the burner is switched off the burner is not switched off, but preferably continues at an ignition speed operated. This makes it possible to start the burner faster, what a "Sagging" of the outlet temperature reduced.

An advantageous use of the device or the method according to the present Invention lies in the control of a process water heater. This is explained in more detail in the following figures.

A controller according to the invention for performing a method according to the present The invention assigns at least one input for reading in or a processor Calculation of the difference between an adjustable target temperature and the outlet temperature a heat transfer medium that can be heated by a burner and at least one output for regulating the power of the burner, the controller has at least one further input for reading in the outlet temperature, the controller then the rate of rise of the outlet temperature at a Predeterminable burner power measures and based on the rate of increase discharged amount of the heat transfer medium is calculated. With the help of the calculated The controller can then regulate the amount of heat transfer medium removed Optimize heating of the heat transfer medium.

The controller advantageously changes the burner output after the calculation modulating the amount of heat transfer medium removed, the controller parameters changeable based on the calculated amount of the heat transfer medium are.

Figur 1

die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Primärwärmetauscher (Auslauftemperatur-Regelung);

Figur 2

die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Sekundärwärmetauscher (Auslauf- und Komforttemperatur-Regelung);

Figur 3

das Schema der Regelung der Auslauftemperatur nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 4

die graphische Darstellung der Zapfmengenerkennung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 5

die graphische Darstellung des Setzens der Startleistung im Taktbetrieb des Brenners; und

Figuren 6a u. 6b

die graphische Darstellung geeigneter Korrekturwerte für die Komforttemperatur-Regelung und die Auslauftemperatur-Regelung (beide Regelungen mittels der Auslauftemperatur am Wärmetauscher).

An advantageous embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following drawings for the two principles of outlet temperature control (FIG. 1) and comfort temperature control (FIG. 2). Show:

Figure 1

the schematic representation of a water heater with primary heat exchanger (outlet temperature control);

Figure 2

the schematic representation of a water heater with a secondary heat exchanger (outlet and comfort temperature control);

Figure 3

the scheme of regulating the outlet temperature according to the present invention;

Figure 4

the graphical representation of the tap detection according to the present invention;

Figure 5

the graphical representation of the setting of the starting power in the cyclic operation of the burner; and

Figures 6a u. 6b

the graphic representation of suitable correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control (both controls by means of the outlet temperature at the heat exchanger).

Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of a continuous flow heater with primary exchanger 7 (primary heat exchanger) by a burner 2 (only shown schematically) is heated. The cold water KW is the primary exchanger via a cold water inlet 5 7 fed and heated there. The heated water is at a tap 6 as Hot water taken from WW. A is used to measure the outlet temperature ϑOff Outlet temperature sensor B3 (temperature sensor 9). Via a pressure switch (flowswitch) FS the hot water tap is recognized. The burner 2 serves at the same time for heating a heating medium, such as water, for Heat supply to a house. A heat exchanger is shown only schematically 8 with flow temperature sensor B2, return temperature sensor B7, flow pump or heating circuit pump Q1, consumer 3 (radiator) and water pipe 4.

FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of a continuous flow heater with a secondary heat exchanger, where the cold water KW is not directly from burner 2, but via one Secondary exchanger 10 (secondary heat exchanger) is heated. The secondary exchanger 10 is supplied with heat from the heating medium via a three-way valve UV the cold water warms up. Here too, a discharge temperature sensor B3 is used for the measurement the outlet temperature ϑOff. An inlet temperature sensor B5 and a buffer medium temperature sensor B4 is also indicated schematically. A pressure switch is FS here on the outlet side at the tap 6 for measuring a tap of hot water WW arranged. The heating circuit pump Q1 is in this case on the return side of the Boiler 8 in front of the return temperature sensor B7 and at the same time ensures circulation of the heating medium in the secondary exchanger 10. Instead of the three-way valve UV an own domestic water circuit pump can also be used.

In both instantaneous water heaters according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a rapid readjustment of the outlet temperature ϑ _off in the case of fluctuations in the volume flow is to be made possible by indirectly detecting the volume flow and activating the controller 1 as a disturbance. The adjustment of the controller parameters to the changing path dynamics serves as a feedforward control.

Figure 3 shows - greatly simplified - the control structure. The controller 1 controls the burner 2 by means of a manipulated variable, ie advantageously a signal for the burner's output. In the control diagram according to FIG. 3, the burner 2 represents the path to be controlled, which of course includes the heat exchanger, the cold water to be heated and all other disturbance variables and parts of the path in addition to the burner 2. The outlet temperature ϑ _from is - as is known from the prior art - fed back and added to the set temperature ϑ _set with a negative sign, so that a temperature difference Δϑ can be supplied to the controller 1. At the same time, controller 1 is also supplied with the outlet temperature ϑ _off .

The basis for the detection of the amount of heat transfer medium removed is now the fact that a certain amount of energy must be supplied to the heat exchanger for each tapping amount in order to keep the outlet temperature ϑ _off constant at a specific inlet temperature ϑon. If more energy is supplied, the outlet temperature ϑ _{off increases} with a certain rate of increase v _A. Therefore, if more energy is supplied to the heat exchanger than is required based on the tapping quantity, the return or outlet temperature ϑ _{Off will} increase. The rate of increase v _A is determined by the energy not required (excess energy). The higher the rate of rise v _A , the lower the amount of hot water WW drawn, ie rate of rise v _A and tap quantity are indirectly dependent on one another.

An assignment to the tap quantity can now be made in such a way that the lowest rate of rise v _A , which is measured (with the different temperature setpoints ϑ _target ), belongs to the largest tap quantity. This also makes it possible for the corresponding algorithm according to the invention to adapt to the respective instantaneous water heater system. So that the gradient of rise, ie the rate of rise v _{A of} the outlet temperature ϑ _{Off can} always be determined with the same burner output, the same identification burner output must always be switched on at the start of the tap. This can be, for example, 80% of the burner output required for the theoretical maximum draw-off quantity for the specified target temperature ϑ _target .

The identification burner output is therefore always dependent on the output of the maximum draw-off quantity calculated. This ensures that with this burner performance after calculating the tap quantity, i.e. after identification always in is close to the power actually required. With a very small tap quantity you, on the other hand, are too high in performance.

The identification burner output (KidentBre e.g. = 80%) for various setpoint settings can look like this: Setpoint temperature Burner capacity for
ID 40 ° C KidentBre x 55.6% 50 ° C KidentBre x 77.8% 60 ° C KidentBre x 100.0%

Referring now to FIG. 4, the process of tapping quantity detection at one Process water heater described. SdBwAusMax stands for upper limit of the switching difference for switching off the burner, SdBwAusMin stands for the lower limit of the switching difference for switching off the burner and SdOn stands for the lower switching differential for switching on the burner.

According to the set temperature setpoint ϑ _set , the burner output is activated for identification according to the table above when a hot water tap is detected and when burner 2 is switched on. After a hot water tap has started, the outlet temperature ϑ _Off (or the return temperature for e.g. heating systems) will initially drop and then rise again (see Figure 4). The rise in the outlet temperature ϑ _off (drop or rise gradient) is detected and the minimum of the outlet temperature ϑ _{minimum is} thus determined. This minimum of the outlet temperature ϑMinimum is noted and the time is recorded from this point in time (time t ₀ ).

The time is then measured until the discharge temperature θ _from the set temperature θ has reached _target (time t _1). The difference temperature Δ Differenz between the set temperature _{Soll setpoint} and the minimum temperature ϑ _minimum and the difference Δt between the times t ₁ and t _{0 are then} formed. The ratio Δϑ to Δt indicates the gradient of rise, ie the speed of rise v _{A of} the outlet temperature ϑ _Aus at constant burner output and is therefore an indirect measure of the corresponding draw-off quantity.

The measured gradient of rise is compared with the stored minimum and maximum values. If the measured value is less than the stored minimum value (lowest rate of rise v _Amin ), this value is then saved as the new minimum value. Each measured slew rate v _A , which is greater than the stored value, indicates a smaller tap quantity. Furthermore, the highest rate of rise vAmax (smallest tap quantity) is saved. If there are now smaller or larger rates of increase than the previously stored values, these are then stored as minimum or maximum values.

It is particularly advantageous here if hot water WW is drawn off after the initial start-up with a maximum draw-off quantity. This allows the lowest rate of rise to be determined. For the greatest rate of rise, for example, twice the smallest rate of rise v _amine can then be set as the new starting value. These values are then further adapted during operation.

If the ascertained gradient of rise, ie the measured rate of rise vA, lies between the stored minimum value v _Amin and maximum value v _Amax , then between these limiting values the conversion quantity tapped in between is calculated. From this tapping quantity, it is then possible to switch over to the required burner output and the modulation controller with regard to the output adjustment can be enabled (see time t ₁ in FIG. 4). The controller parameters of controller 1 can then be switched over depending on the determined tapping quantity.

If, for example, tapping is carried out from a cold state in which the secondary exchanger 10 has to be heated up from below, there is no minimun, as shown in FIG. In this case, time recording must begin at a specified Δ festgelegten below the temperature setpoint ϑ _target . As Δϑ z. B. 5K specified.

If the identification burner output is not sufficient, ie the outlet temperature ϑOff never reaches the temperature setpoint ϑ _Soll , the modulation controller 1 must be released prematurely. The following applies to the release of the modulation controller: If the outlet temperature ϑ _{off is} below the temperature setpoint ϑ _set minus a switch-on difference Δϑ and the runtime from this point in time t _{0 is} greater than 1 minute, for example, the modulation controller is released.

FIG. 5 shows the schematic representation of the setting of the starting power in the cyclical operation of the burner 2, that is to say with small tapping quantities. While the outlet temperature ϑ _off versus time was plotted in the upper part of FIG. 5, as in FIG. 4, the output of the burner 2 versus time is shown in accordance with the outlet temperature emperaturout off above. As soon as a cycle operation has been recognized, ie the tapping of particularly small amounts of hot water WW and the burner 2 have been switched off, the last-used output of the burner 2 is stored in a memory of the controller 1.

While the burner 2 remains switched off, it is possible to let the burner fan continue to run in order to get into the suitable speed range as quickly as possible when the burner is switched on again. As soon as the outlet temperature ϑ _Out crosses the lower limit of the switching difference SdEin, the burner 2 switches on again, using the previously “noted” power, ie the power stored in the controller 1, which can then also be used, for example, to measure the rate of increase vA if this has not been done before. After the identification phase (power constant), the modulation controller is released.

The burner output is shown in FIG. 5 after the burner is switched on again then set to minimum output if the burner output set last is lower than the minimum burner output.

FIGS. 6a and 6b show correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control, which can be used to correct the temperature setpoint ϑ _{setpoint in} order to compensate for a deviation from the realistic temperature values.

Due to the type of heat exchanger, the pipe losses or the type of sensors used (e.g. contact sensor), the measured outlet temperature ϑOff does not exactly match the specified temperature setpoint, both in outlet temperature control and in comfort temperature control, i.e. it there is an offset shift, which also depends on the set temperature setpoint ϑ _setpoint . This behavior can be corrected by the offset shift.

By the inventive method and the inventive device can, for example, a domestic water heater far more accurate and controlled more reliably, without causing large fluctuations of the outlet temperature θ _off.

Claims (26)

1. A device for regulating heaters, in particular for controlling a service water continuous flow heater, with a burner (2) for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the heat transfer medium, having at the inlet a particular inlet temperature (θ _A), an outlet for discharging of the heat transfer medium, which has a certain outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) at the outlet, and a controller (1), which regulates the heating of the heat transfer medium at least as a function of a set temperature (ϑ _set ) and the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ), characterized in that the Controller (1) measures a rate of increase (v _A ) of the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) at a predeterminable burner output, the rate of removal of the heat transfer medium being calculated on the basis of the rate of rise (v _A ), and that the controller (1) also heats up the heat transfer medium regulates based on the calculated amount of the heat transfer medium removed , 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller (1) modulates the burner output after the calculation of the amount of the removed heat transfer medium, the controller parameters being changeable on the basis of the calculated amount of the removed heat transfer medium. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the controller (1) has a memory for storing the smallest and largest rate of rise (v _Amin ; v _Amax ) of the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) for each adjustable target temperature (ϑset) that the controller (1) compares the measured slew rate (v _A ) with the lowest and greatest slew rate (v _Amin ; v _Amax ), and that the controller (1) compares the measured slew rate (v _A ) as the lowest and highest slew rate ( v _Amine ; v _Amax ) is stored in the memory if the measured rate of rise (v _A ) is less than the lowest rate of rise (v _Amin ) or greater than the greatest rate of rise (v _Amax ). 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) at a set target temperature (ϑ _target ) and at the predeterminable burner output, the lowest rate of rise (v _amine ), the largest removable amount of the heat transfer medium and the largest rate of rise (v _Amax ) is assigned to the smallest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed and, based on the measured rate of increase (v _A ), the amount of heat transfer medium removed is calculated linearly in relation to this. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) sets as a predeterminable burner output 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the required burner output with a maximum removable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set target temperature (ϑ _target ). 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) starts the measurement of the rate of rise (v _A ) at a minimum outlet temperature (ϑ _Ausmin ) and ends when the target temperature (ϑ _target ) is reached. 7. Device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the controller (1) starts the measurement of the rate of rise (v _A ) at a predeterminable temperature difference below the target temperature (ϑ _target ) and ends when the target temperature (ϑ _target ) is reached , 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller (1) modulates the burner output without taking into account the amount of heat transfer medium when the predetermined burner output and when the target temperature (ϑ _target ) is not reached after a predetermined period of time. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regulator (1) with each change in the setpoint temperature (θ _Soll) the rate of rise (v _A) of the outlet temperature (θ _Aus) at the target temperature associated and predeterminable burner power again measures. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a secondary exchanger (10) can be used to heat the heat transfer medium, that the controller (1) uses the buffer medium temperature measured using a buffer medium temperature sensor (B4) plus a correction temperature as the inlet temperature (ϑ _On ) , if there is no inlet temperature sensor (B5) and if the quantity of heat transfer medium discharged exceeds a predeterminable maximum quantity and / or the time of the discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time. 11. A method for regulating thermal baths, in particular for regulating a process water heater, for heating a heat transfer medium by means of a burner (2), the heat transfer medium being supplied to a heat exchanger (7, 10) via an inlet and discharged again via an outlet, whereby the heat transfer medium at the inlet of a particular inlet temperature (θ _a) and at the outlet of a particular outlet temperature (θ _Aus), and wherein the heating of the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger (7, 10) at least in dependence on a setpoint temperature (θ _Soll) and the outlet temperature (θ _Aus ) is regulated, characterized in that a rate of increase (v _A ) of the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) is measured at a predeterminable burner output, that the quantity of heat transfer medium removed is calculated on the basis of the rate of increase (v _A ), and that the heating of the heat transfer medium also based on the calculated quantity de s dissipated heat transfer medium is regulated. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that at a set target temperature (ϑ _target ) and at the predeterminable burner output, the smallest rate of increase (v _amine ) of the largest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed and the greatest rate of increase (v _Amax ) of the smallest amount of amount that can be removed Heat transfer medium and on the basis of the measured rate of increase (v _A ) the discharged amount of the heat transfer medium is assigned linearly in relation to it, and that the controller parameters are changed based on the calculated amount of the removed heat transfer medium in such a way that the burner output is greater with larger amounts of discharged heat transfer medium and smaller ones Amounts of dissipated heat transfer medium is changed less. 13. The method according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the required burner output with a maximum removable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set target temperature (ϑ _target ) is selected as the predeterminable burner output. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the burner _output is limited as a function of the set target temperature (ϑ _target ) to a maximum value which is a fraction of the burner _output at the maximum target temperature (ϑ _{target max} ) and with the largest amount that can be removed corresponds to the heat transfer medium. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the limited burner output is used for the modulating control after the calculation of the amount of heat transfer medium removed. 16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the limitation of the burner output to the maximum value is turned off when the controller (1) is at the power limit for longer than a predetermined period of time and / or when the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) the target temperature (ϑ _target ) minus a temperature difference has not been reached and / or if the rate of increase (v _A ) of the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) is below a predeterminable limit. 17. The method according to any one of claims 11 - 16, characterized in that the sum of the target temperature (ϑset) and a target correction temperature (ϑ _corr ) is used to control the heating of the heat transfer medium. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the setpoint correction temperature (θ _corr) is calculated and at least two different values of the setpoint temperature (θ _set) by measuring the exact setpoint temperatures for all other values of the setpoint temperature (θ _Soll) using a between the two different values of the set temperature (ϑ _set ) straight line is interpolated. 19. The method according to any one of claims 11 - 18, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger (10), that the measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature is used as the inlet temperature (ϑ _On ) if no inlet temperature sensor (B5) is available and if the amount of heat transfer medium discharged exceeds a predeterminable maximum amount and / or the time of the removal exceeds a predeterminable maximum time. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature is used as the inlet temperature (ϑ _On ) only if this is within a predeterminable temperature range around a preferred mean value. 22. The method according to any one of claims 11 - 20, characterized in that after starting the burner (2) is switched from an ignition power to a predeterminable and storable clock power of the burner. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the cycle power of the burner is the last power before the burner (2) is switched off or the minimum adjustable power of the burner (2). 24. The method according to any one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the fan of the burner (2) is not switched off in cyclical operation, that is to say when small amounts of the heat transfer medium are removed, and is preferably operated at an ignition speed. 25. Use of the device according to one of claims 1 to 10 and / or a method according to any one of claims 11 to 24 for controlling a process water heater. 26. Controller (1) for performing a method according to one of claims 11 to 24, in particular for controlling a process water heater, with at least one input for reading or a processor for calculating the difference between an adjustable target temperature (ϑ _target ) and the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) of a heat transfer medium which can be heated by a burner (2), and at least one output for regulating the output of the burner (2), characterized in that the controller (1) has at least one input for reading in the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ), that the controller (1) measures a rate of rise (v _A ) of the outlet temperature (ϑ _off ) at a predeterminable burner capacity, the rate of removal of the heat transfer medium being calculated on the basis of the rate of rise (v _A ), and that the controller (1) measures the heating of the Heat transfer medium also regulates based on the calculated amount of the removed heat transfer medium. 27. Controller according to claim 26, characterized in that the controller (1) modulates the burner output after the calculation of the amount of the heat transfer medium removed, the controller parameters being changeable on the basis of the calculated amount of the heat transfer medium removed.

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