EP1309801A2 - Ventil - Google Patents
VentilInfo
- Publication number
- EP1309801A2 EP1309801A2 EP01974121A EP01974121A EP1309801A2 EP 1309801 A2 EP1309801 A2 EP 1309801A2 EP 01974121 A EP01974121 A EP 01974121A EP 01974121 A EP01974121 A EP 01974121A EP 1309801 A2 EP1309801 A2 EP 1309801A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- piston
- connection
- consumer
- control piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/05—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed specially adapted to maintain constant speed, e.g. pressure-compensated, load-responsive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/044—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the return line, i.e. "meter out"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/40—Flow control
- F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
- F15B2211/40515—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/40—Flow control
- F15B2211/455—Control of flow in the feed line, i.e. meter-in control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/40—Flow control
- F15B2211/46—Control of flow in the return line, i.e. meter-out control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50563—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure
- F15B2211/50572—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure using a pressure compensating valve for controlling the pressure difference across a flow control valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
- F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
- F15B2211/7052—Single-acting output members
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
- Y10T137/2574—Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
- Y10T137/2579—Flow rate responsive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
- Y10T137/2574—Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
- Y10T137/2579—Flow rate responsive
- Y10T137/2594—Choke
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
- Y10T137/7784—Responsive to change in rate of fluid flow
- Y10T137/7792—Movable deflector or choke
Definitions
- the invention relates to a valve with at least one pump, a tank and a consumer connection and with a movable valve piston within the valve housing, which separates the pump connection from the tank connection in at least one blocking position and which interacts with an energy accumulator, with a control device between the Consumer port and the tank port fluid flow is controllable.
- valves are regularly used in so-called hydraulic load-sensing systems or controls, where they function in the manner of a pressure compensator that directs an unneeded pump flow to the tank with little pressure loss.
- a pressure compensator that directs an unneeded pump flow to the tank with little pressure loss.
- the consumer connection to the tank must be relieved.
- the relief in this regard is nowadays implemented inexpensively by an orifice control, the orifice preferably being integrated directly into the pressure compensator or is used in a control block that is part of the load sensing control.
- the object of the invention is to further improve the known valves to the extent that they do not have the disadvantages described, in particular when used in so-called load-sensing systems. Furthermore, the valve should be inexpensive to implement and take up little space. A valve with the features of claim 1 solves this problem.
- the control device consists of a fluid flow controller, which is integrated in the valve piston, it is possible, in contrast to the known valve solutions with the orifice construction, to reduce the volume flow to the load regardless of the load by a constant value, so that a proportional load-independent control is implemented.
- the disadvantages described in the prior art, in particular in the form of a slowdown in the consumer, are thus definitely ruled out.
- the solution according to the invention with a fluid flow controller can be implemented inexpensively and by integrating the fluid flow controller in the valve housing, space-saving installation in the valve itself is possible. Since the valve according to the invention manages with only a few structural components, a functional guaranteed safe operation that benefits the entire load-sensing system.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the valve according to the invention
- FIG. 2 in the manner of a circuit diagram, the use of the valve according to FIG. 1 in a load-sensing system with a working cylinder as the hydraulic consumer.
- the valve shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 has a pump connection 10, specifically at the front end of a valve housing 12, which is designed in the manner of a screw-in cartridge, in order to do so in control blocks or the like. to be determined for later use.
- a pump connection 10 specifically at the front end of a valve housing 12, which is designed in the manner of a screw-in cartridge, in order to do so in control blocks or the like. to be determined for later use.
- the configuration in the form of an installation set or the like is also possible.
- the valve housing 12 has two diametrically opposite first tank connections 14.
- another separate tank connection 16 is arranged in the left half of the picture, the free opening cross section of which is smaller than the corresponding diameter. Measuring range of the first tank connections 14.
- a further transverse bore is made in the valve housing 12, which serves as a consumer connection 18.
- the tank connections 14 and 16 are likewise preferably formed from transverse bores in the valve housing 12.
- the mentioned connections 14, 16 and 18 run essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis 20 of the valve housing 12.
- the pump connection 10, on the other hand, is arranged on the front side along the longitudinal axis 20 of the valve housing 12.
- a longitudinally displaceable valve piston 22 is arranged in the valve housing 12 and is provided on the outer circumference side with pressure relief channels in the usual and therefore not described in detail. In one of its shown blocking positions as shown in FIG. 1, it in any case separates the pump connection 10 from the tank connection 14. Furthermore, the valve piston 22 interacts with an energy accumulator 24, a control device designated as a whole between the consumer connection 18 by means of a control device designated as 26 and the tank connection 14 can be controlled fluid flow.
- the addressed control device 26 consists in particular of a fluid flow controller which is integrated in the valve piston 12 and which will be explained in more detail below with regard to its structure and its function.
- the fluid flow controller mentioned has a flow control piston 28 which is guided so that it can move longitudinally in the valve piston 22, the inner circumference of the valve piston 22 encompassing the outer circumference of the flow control piston 28.
- the current regulator piston 28 is in turn supported on a further energy accumulator 30, the direction of action of which is directed against the first energy accumulator 24.
- Along the longitudinal axis 20 of the valve housing 12 and thus in the middle of the flow control piston 28 has a fluid channel 32 which 1 opens into a fluid channel 34 of the valve piston 22 at least in a displacement position of the flow control piston 28, which in turn produces a fluid-carrying connection with the separate tank connection 16 in the valve housing 12 in the displacement position shown in FIG. In each displacement position of the valve piston 22, it separates the first tank connections 14 from the further separate tank connection 16.
- the fluid channel 32 of the flow regulator piston 28 can be closed on its side facing the consumer connection 18 by a control piston 36 which is held in the direction of this closed position by the first energy accumulator 24.
- the fluid channel 32 has a constriction and, as the illustration according to FIG. 1 shows, opens out into the open at the end with a reduced cross section.
- the addressed control piston 36 has a spherical cap 38, which is designed in the manner of a hemisphere and is provided with its curved end face for fluid-carrying engagement in the fluid channel 32 of the flow control piston 28. In the illustration shown and in any other switching position, the calotte 38 leaves the addressed free end of the fluid channel 32 with its reduced cross section for one
- a flange-like ring widening 40 is arranged above the calotte 38, on which the compression spring, which forms the first energy accumulator 24, is supported with its one free end.
- the other free end of the compression spring as a power supply 24 is in contact with an end plug 42 which is screwed into the valve housing 12 at the end opposite the pump connection 10 and is fixed in this way.
- the control piston 36 has at its end facing the end plug 42 a stop surface 44, which, however, has an axial end in the normal operating state of the valve. stood seen in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal axis 20 to the end plug 42.
- the current regulator piston 28 Under the action of the energy accumulator 24 and the control piston 36, the current regulator piston 28 is held downward in the direction of a lower position, as viewed in FIG. 1.
- a further energy accumulator 30 designed as a pressure accumulator within the control network of flow regulator piston 28 and valve piston 22, which is supported with its lower end on the valve piston 22 and with its other end on the flow regulator piston 28 in such a way that it engages the fluid channel 32 of the flow control piston 28.
- the fluid channel 32 of the flow control piston 28 is widened in diameter toward its lower free end.
- the flow control piston 28 is guided in the interior of the valve piston 22, which has a cylindrical inner recess for this purpose, the upper front ends of the valve piston 22 and flow control piston 28 being essentially flat in the case of a fluid connection established between the separate tank connection 16, the fluid channel 34 and the fluid channel 32 complete with each other in a plane that runs transversely to the longitudinal axis 20.
- the lower free end of the flow control piston 28 is at an axial distance from the lower receiving base of the valve piston 22 in such a way that along a radial shoulder of the flow control piston 28 it is flush with the upper edge of that part of the fluid channel 34 which corresponds to that Interior of the valve piston 22 is facing.
- the opposite side of the fluid channel 34 widens in an annular recess 46, which is essentially flush with the upper edge in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 with the separate tank connection 16 terminates. Furthermore, the lower free end of the further energy accumulator 30 in the form of the compression spring is received in a bottom-side inner recess of the valve piston 22 and is supported in this manner.
- the consumer connection 18 opens into a valve chamber 48 of the valve housing 12, which is penetrated by the control piston 36 and the first energy accumulator 24.
- the valve housing 12 for the valve piston 22 has a stop surface 50 on its side facing the valve chamber 48, for example formed by the use of a snap ring, not shown. The valve piston 22 can thus be moved freely in the direction of the pump connection 10, as viewed in FIG. 1, and the travel path is limited in the opposite direction.
- the dome 38 is pushed back as a closing part and / or the flow regulator piston 28, viewed in the direction of view of FIG 22 move so that the fluid channel 32 is completely released.
- the arrangement mentioned can be regulated in such a way that the volume flow to the consumer can be reduced by a constant value regardless of the load, so that proportional load-independent control is also possible in the event of leaks.
- FIG. 2 shows a basic circuit concept of a so-called load-sensing system, a constant pump 52 being used as the hydraulic pump in the embodiment according to FIG.
- variable pumps (not shown) can be used accordingly.
- the load sensing mentioned is intended to achieve an optimized use of energy, the load pressure returned to a regulator in the form of the valve being used for this, the hydraulically offered power, for example via the constant pump 52 and that of a consumer, here in the form of a hydraulic working cylinder 54, to coordinate the required power.
- proportional control elements are already used to control the consumer, here in the form of the hydraulic working cylinder 54, because of the desired ease of use; solely for the sake of simplicity of illustration, instead of the proportional control valves, an adjustable throttle 56 is used as the control part for the hydraulic working cylinder 54.
- the consumer volume flow can be varied and the working cylinder 54 can thus be actuated via the relevant control throttle or control orifice 56.
- the consumer volume flow results from the free throttle opening cross section Q and a pressure difference ⁇ p at the throttle 56, measured at the tapping points 58 upstream and downstream of the throttle 56.
- the valve piston 22 has the function of a type of pressure compensator, the flow regulator piston 28, as part of the control device 26, reducing the volume flow to the consumer 54 by a constant value in the event of leakages in the hydraulic consumer circuit 62, regardless of the load.
- the difference ⁇ p, measured between the two tapping points 58, is therefore predetermined by the spring force of the energy accumulator 24, which acts on the pressure compensator in the form of the valve piston 22, and is kept constant via the pressure compensator control.
- the load signaling lines must be linked in order to be able to carry out a corresponding load-sensing control via the valve arrangement described. If there are leaks in the hydraulic circuit 62 to which the consumer 54 is connected, or at the consumer 54 itself, care is taken via the control device designated as a whole by 26 that the consumer pressure is not inadvertently raised to the pump level, which results that load sensing may have been disabled. This is avoided by the control device 26, which relieves the consumer connection 18 to the tank 16.
- the current regulator Through the use of the current regulator, the volume flow to the consumer is reduced by a constant value, regardless of the load, so that proportional load-independent control is provided. A slowing down of the work process at the consumer 54 with increasing load pressure is thus avoided with certainty.
- the integration of the current regulator in the pressure compensator realizes a compact structure with few components, which benefits functional reliability and improves the maintenance situation for the valve according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10039936 | 2000-08-16 | ||
DE10039936A DE10039936A1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2000-08-16 | Ventil |
PCT/EP2001/009083 WO2002014696A2 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-07 | Ventil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1309801A2 true EP1309801A2 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1309801B1 EP1309801B1 (de) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=7652555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01974121A Expired - Lifetime EP1309801B1 (de) | 2000-08-16 | 2001-08-07 | Ventil |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6799599B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1309801B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004506852A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE260415T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10039936A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002014696A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009049548A1 (de) | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Ventilanordnung |
DE102012015354A1 (de) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-05-15 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Ventil, insbesondere vorgesteuertes Proportional-Wegesitzventil |
DE102012015356A1 (de) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-05-15 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Ventil, insbesondere vorgesteuertes Proportional-Wegesitzventil |
EP2711560B1 (de) * | 2012-09-21 | 2019-06-12 | HAWE Hydraulik SE | Hydraulikantrieb für ein hydraulisch betätigbares Werkzeug |
CN103912536B (zh) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-03-02 | 嘉善海力达工具有限公司 | 一种反馈补偿式液压卸荷阀 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1108996B (de) * | 1959-03-03 | 1961-06-15 | Teves Kg Alfred | Steuerung fuer Druckmittelverbraucher |
DE2500863A1 (de) * | 1975-01-10 | 1976-07-15 | Eaton Gmbh | Hydraulische servoanlage fuer mobile arbeitsmaschinen, insbesondere hublader |
US4240457A (en) * | 1978-03-15 | 1980-12-23 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Variable flow control valve for steering systems of articulated vehicles |
US4921547A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1990-05-01 | Vickers Incorporated | Proportional priority flow regulator |
JPH09142319A (ja) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-06-03 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | 動力舵取装置における流量制御装置 |
DE29713293U1 (de) | 1997-07-25 | 1997-10-23 | Heilmeier & Weinlein Fabrik für Oel-Hydraulik GmbH & Co KG, 81673 München | Magnetbetätigtes Ablaßventil |
DE19851553B4 (de) * | 1998-03-19 | 2008-03-20 | Linde Material Handling Gmbh | Steuerventil |
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 DE DE10039936A patent/DE10039936A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-08-07 EP EP01974121A patent/EP1309801B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-07 JP JP2002519802A patent/JP2004506852A/ja active Pending
- 2001-08-07 AT AT01974121T patent/ATE260415T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-07 US US10/344,551 patent/US6799599B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-07 DE DE50101569T patent/DE50101569D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-07 WO PCT/EP2001/009083 patent/WO2002014696A2/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0214696A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004506852A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1309801B1 (de) | 2004-02-25 |
ATE260415T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
WO2002014696A2 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
DE10039936A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
DE50101569D1 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
US6799599B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
WO2002014696A3 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
US20030178060A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
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