EP1307599A1 - Procede mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructures - Google Patents
Procede mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructuresInfo
- Publication number
- EP1307599A1 EP1307599A1 EP01963035A EP01963035A EP1307599A1 EP 1307599 A1 EP1307599 A1 EP 1307599A1 EP 01963035 A EP01963035 A EP 01963035A EP 01963035 A EP01963035 A EP 01963035A EP 1307599 A1 EP1307599 A1 EP 1307599A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanostructures
- generating
- determined
- balls
- treated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanical process for generating nanostructures on metal parts and a mechanical device for generating nanostructures.
- Nanocrystalline materials are characterized by typically ultra fine grains of less than .100 nm in at least one dimension. These materials are produced by known methods such as, for example, IGC (inert gas condensation and consolidation) by condensation and consolidation in an inert gas, SPD (severe plastic deformation) intense plastic deformation, etc. These methods have the disadvantage to generate materials which are not without porosity, contamination and of sufficient size for industrial applications.
- the aim of the process of the invention is to create a layer of this same material on the surface of the material, having component grains of a few tens of nanometers forming what is commonly called a layer of nanoscale microstructures or nanostructures.
- Shot peening of the surface of a material for example metallic, consists in projecting on this surface projectiles, for example balls, of small dimension, at speeds of between 5 and 100 m / s.
- the balls are projected using a jet of compressed air.
- the balls are not immediately reused and pass through a recycling device before replenishing the jet lance or the absence of a process recycling device requires a large quantity of balls.
- each incident jet on the part is unidirectional at a determined angle for a given surface.
- continuous workpiece scanning is required during shot blasting to obtain a homogeneous surface.
- the results obtained show that the surface of the treated part comprises little or no nanostructures.
- the only advantage of the conventional shot-blasting process is that it is possible to obtain higher ball speeds than in the projection of balls by ultrasound. Indeed, the projection of balls by ultrasound makes it possible to obtain ball speeds between 5 and 20m / s, while shot peening by pneumatic gun makes it possible to obtain ball speeds between 10 and 100m / s.
- the displacement speeds envisaged in this patent application are only a few tens of centimeters per second and the amplitudes of the transmitter of 100 ⁇ m.
- the known operating mode does not allow a layer to be created without obtaining a nanometric structure over a significant depth.
- the present invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a process for generating nanostructures making it possible to obtain a layer of nanostructures over a determined thickness of the surface of a part to be treated by a mechanical device using a limited quantity of beads in a closed volume.
- This process is also called surface nanocrystallization by ball milling.
- This first object is achieved by a mechanical process of nanostructures to obtain on a surface of a metal part a layer of nanostructures of defined thickness characterized in that it comprises:
- the speed of the circular movement and the frequency and amplitude of the vibratory movement being determined as a function of the physical characteristics of the balls to communicate to them a kinetic energy sufficient for the creation of nanostructures on the material of the part to be treated.
- Another object of the invention consists in proposing a mechanical device for generating nanostructures making it possible to obtain a layer of nanostructures over a thickness determined by a mechanical device using a limited quantity of beads in a closed volume.
- This object is achieved thanks to the mechanical device for generating nanostructures on a metal part comprising at least one closed enclosure for the size of the beads containing a determined quantity of perfectly spherical beads of determined size, a means of connecting the enclosure to means generating a vibration communicated to the enclosure, the enclosure assembly, vibration means being mounted by damping means (31) on a turntable (30) with a determined speed.
- FIG. 2A shows in section an alternative embodiment of the invention with application of constraints
- FIG. 2B shows in section a top view of the wedge used in the alternative embodiment of the invention with application of constraints;
- FIG. 3A shows an elevational view of a second alternative embodiment of the invention with application of constraints
- - Figure 3B shows a top view of the lower plate of the second embodiment with constraints
- FIG. 4A and 4B show the curve representing the rate and penetration of nitrogen during a treatment by ionic nitriding in a part treated according to the mechanical process of generation of nanostrutures according to the invention, respectively for a temperature of 550 and 350 ° C.
- the principle of the invention is to carry out a treatment of the surface of a metal part in order, on the one hand to modify the mechanical characteristics of the metal part, and on the other hand to modify the properties of diffusion in the surface layer of the treated surface.
- the mechanical properties of nanoscale microstructures or of nanostructure are well known.
- current research aims to develop manufacturing processes allowing parts to be obtained which consist solely of nanostructures.
- the object of the invention is quite different, it consists, by means of a process for generating nanostructures (described later) to produce a surface layer of nanostructures giving, the surface of the part, the properties, for example mechanical properties desired, this being sufficient to guarantee the properties targeted for the part (resistance to fatigue, wear, friction, corrosion).
- the size of the metal grains on the surface of the part must be reduced. Initially, for a part, for example made of pure iron, the grains have a dimension of the order of 100 ⁇ m. At the end of the treatment according to the invention, the size of the grains is no more than of the order of a few tens of nanometers.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of a mechanical device for generating nanostrutures by ball milling.
- the principle of generation of nanostructures by ball milling according to FIG. 1, is to put a determined quantity of perfectly spherical balls (22) in motion and determined speed to communicate kinetic energy to them allowing them to go and impact. at the same point on the surface to be treated at varying angles of incidence and sufficient energy to create nanostructures.
- the balls (22) chosen to strike the surface (10) to be treated are perfectly spherical and of high quality.
- the balls (22) chosen are ball bearing balls. Given their quality, their use is carried out in a determined quantity.
- the use of perfectly spherical steel, green or ceramic balls (22) avoids the localized accumulation of stresses which, upon impact of the ball, would damage the material. This perfect sphericity therefore makes it possible to generate plastic deformation of the surface of the material during the process of forming the layer of nanostructures. The repetition of multidirectional plastic deformations then leads to a fractionation of the grains of the metal or of the alloy of the part to be treated and therefore a reduction in their sizes.
- An embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 consists of an arm or tray (32) carrying at least one end a bowl, in this case in the figure two bowls are shown at two ends of the arm (32).
- This arm (32) is linked to a structure (35) comprising a non-visible motor driving an axis (33) on which is mounted an inertial part (34) consisting, for example, of a mass in the form of a circular sector (34 ).
- the motor driving the axis (33) gives this inertial mass a speed V which, taking into account the asymmetry, will generate within the structure (35) a vibration which is communicated by its connection with the arm (32). This vibration is transmitted by the arm (32) to each bowl (20a, 20b).
- This structure consisting of the arm of the inertial system and at least one bowl is mounted on one or more damping means (31a, 31b), in this case, in the exemplary embodiment, damping means are arranged below each of the bowls so as to give symmetry of movement and thus more easily control the vibrations generated.
- damping means (31a, 31b) are supported by a plate (30), which is actuated in a rotary movement in a direction by means of rotation drive not shown.
- the vibratory movement communicated by the inertial system (33, 34, 35) or bowls (20a, 20b) is of direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plate or in other words, parallel to the axis of rotation of the plate.
- the frequency of the vibrations as well as the amplitude of these vibrations are adapted as a function of the speed of rotation of the plate, so as to communicate to the balls a determined speed allowing them to acquire sufficient kinetic energy for the creation of nanostructures.
- the balls (22) derive their energy from the movement of the bowl and will strike the surface of the part (10) a large number of times according to variable and multiple angles of incidence, creating at each impact a plastic deformation of the grains formed, of an agglomerate of matter or alloy molecules.
- the ball having lost its energy in contact with the part (10) falls on the walls of the bowl (20) to acquire a new speed in a direction which, seen from the part, seems random but determined by physical laws.
- the bowl (20) can be closed, either by the part (10a) which then constitutes a cover for the bowl, or by a cover (203a, 203b) on which the part (10a) is fixed.
- This last variant allows to realize in the enclosure closed constituted by the bowl (20a respectively 20b) and its associated cover (203a respectively 203b) an orifice (204a respectively 204b) making it possible to create a vacuum inside this enclosure to promote the movement of the balls.
- the enclosure is perceived as closed for the sizes of the balls.
- the inertial system (33, 34, 35) can be replaced by a sonotrode communicating to the arm (32) a vibration of sufficient amplitude and frequency.
- a sonotrode communicating to the arm (32) a vibration of sufficient amplitude and frequency.
- the surface to be treated can be put under mechanical stress, for example by clamping the part (10) with suitable gripping means (21).
- gripping means are, for example, constituted by a sole (21.2) on which are mounted clamps (21.1) to clamp the part against a protective wedge (21.3) interposed between the part (10) and the sole (21.2) ).
- a rod (21.4) passing through the holes (21.21 and 21.31) of the sole (21.2) and the shim (21.3) applies a force to the part (10) retained by the flanges (21.1).
- the pressure force can be obtained by threading the rod 21.4 and screwing it into a threaded hole (21.21) formed in the sole (21.2).
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described but includes any mode for applying mechanical stresses in one or more places in a part.
- several rods can be provided to apply different stresses in several places to obtain different thicknesses of nanostructures proportional to the value of the stresses applied at the respective points.
- traction means on each of the ends of the part make it possible to stress it.
- These means consist, for example, of an upper plate (31) and a lower plate (32) kept spaced apart by an adjustable distance by three tie rods (33) arranged at 120 ° and stressing the ends of the part in traction. made integral with each tray.
- the part can, for example, pass through each plate through orifices and come to bear against the surface of each plate facing outwards by means of rings forming shoulders and made integral with the ends of the part by a transverse locking screw. to the ring.
- the plates, in particular that (32) oriented towards the projectile emission zone, are provided, as shown in FIG.
- the applied stress may be thermal.
- the surface to be treated is heated, either entirely to obtain a uniform thickness of nanocrystalline structures over the entire surface of the part subjected to the bombardment of beads, or locally to obtain variations in thickness of nanocrystalline structures.
- radiant or conduction heating means are installed in the bowl or on the workpiece or in the machine's acoustic enclosure.
- Nanostructures are then obtained over a thickness of several hundred microns.
- the increase in the thickness of the nanostructure layer can be achieved by seeking a compromise between the value of the stress and the temperature rise.
- the choice of the different parameters involved in the process of generating nanostructures is important.
- experiments have shown that the larger the beads used, in a dimension range of the order of a few hundred microns to a few millimeters, the larger the layer of nanostructure obtained.
- the processing time is used to determine the thickness of the nanostructure.
- the general principle for choosing the parameters of the process for generating nanostructures according to the invention is that, the greater the kinetic energy of the beads, the greater the level of stress generated in the sublayer.
- the upper limit of the kinetic energy is defined, in particular by heating caused by the release of this kinetic energy during the impact on the surface to be treated and by the resistance mechanical of the balls and of the material constituting the part. This drawback can be reduced or eliminated by cooling the enclosure or the room with a cooling system. Indeed, as explained above, the rise in temperature tends to make the metal grains magnify, and the material must not crack.
- the hardness of the balls plays a role, in particular in the transfer of the kinetic energy from the ball to the surface of the part.
- the acoustic pressure generated by the sound waves also influences the process of generating the nanostructure.
- the generation of nanostructures by ultrasound or the projection of jets of balls can be carried out in a medium containing a specific gas modifying the mechanical behavior or the chemical composition of the surface of the material during impact of the balls .
- the surface to be treated must be exposed to a generation of nanostructures by ultrasound for 2 to 3 min with beads 3mm in diameter.
- the surface to be treated must be exposed to a generation of nanostructures by ultrasound for approximately 400 s with balls of 300 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the treatment time per generation of nanostructures is between 30 and 1300 s for conventional metallic materials (Fe, Ti, Ni, Al, Cu, etc.). The total time required can be extended or reduced depending on the material.
- the diameter of the beads used is between 300 ⁇ m and 3mm.
- the duration of generation of nanostructures is determined as a function of the thickness of nanostructures desired by the user.
- the whole mechanism can be placed inside an acoustic enclosure (25) allowing noise to be reduced so as to make it compatible with standards. acceptable for work.
- This enclosure (25) can be sealed and provided with means (26) for diffusion or vaporization (shown in dotted lines) allowing the performance of one or more of the chemical or thermochemical treatments described below.
- the bowl thanks to its circulation channel (204a, 204b), allows the penetration of chemical or thermochemical treatments.
- the part to be treated it may be useful to treat it, either initially under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere, for example to avoid oxidation, then in a second time with the diffusion of specific chemical compounds allowing to obtain the mechanical, physical or chemical properties interesting for the part.
- the generation of nanostructures on the treated surface of the part (10) causes a modification of the law of diffusion in the zone treated by multiplication of the number of borders between the grains, these borders then constituting as many nanometric channels allowing the diffusion of chemical compounds having a size of the order of a few atoms. This allows better penetration of chemical compounds.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B represent the curve representing the rate and the penetration of nitrogen during ionic nitriding for a temperature of 550 ° C. and 350 ° C.
- the curve shown in FIG. 4A corresponds to the measurement of the nitrogen content, as a function of the thickness of the surface treated, when the part has undergone nitriding for two hours at a temperature of 550 ° C.
- the solid line curve corresponds to the measurement produced for a surface previously treated according to the process for generating nanostructures according to the invention.
- the treatment for generating nanostructures on the surface made it possible to obtain a nanostructure over a thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m.
- the dashed line curve corresponds to the measurement made for an untreated surface by generation of nanostructures.
- the rate of nitrogen which has penetrated for the nitriding treatment at 550 ° C. is uniform in the thickness of the part and equal to 5%.
- the nitrogen level is much greater, that is to say five times higher than the rate of the untreated part, in the thickness in which the nanostructures have formed.
- the nitrogen content decreases rapidly to a rate corresponding to the rate obtained according to the nitriding process of the prior art.
- the curve shown in FIG. 4B corresponds to the measurement of the nitrogen content as a function of the thickness of the surface treated, when the part has undergone nitriding for two hours at a temperature of 350 ° C.
- the curve in solid lines corresponds to the measurement carried out for a surface previously treated according to the process for generating nanostructures according to the invention.
- the dashed line curve corresponds to the measurement made for an untreated surface by generation of nanostructures.
- the treatment for generating nanostructures on the surface made it possible to obtain a nanostructure over a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. It is found that according to the prior art, the nitrogen level is uniform in the thickness of the part and equal to 1%. This rate is too low to modify satisfactorily the mechanical properties of the surface of the part.
- the rate of nitrogen is 17 times higher than the rate of the piece not surface treated. Then, the nitrogen level decreases slowly in the thickness of the part comprising the nanostructure, in the end being equal to the rate obtained according to the nitriding process of the prior art when the layer of the part no longer comprises nanostructures. It should be noted that the nitriding process according to the prior art is carried out only from a certain temperature, close to 550 ° C., for a steel or carbon part.
- the pretreatment of the part makes it possible not only to obtain a good structure on the surface of a part, but also to lower the treatment temperature while retaining, in the case of treatment at 350 ° C., a nitrogen level higher than the rate obtained without treatment by generation of nanostructures according to the invention.
- nitriding must be carried out at a temperature of approximately 550 ° C., however at this temperature a metal part necessarily undergoes deformations. For parts whose geometric precision is essential, such deformations are not admissible, which consequently prohibits nitriding according to the method of the prior art.
- the process for generating nanostructures according to the invention it is therefore possible to lower the treatment temperature and therefore to reduce or eliminate the deformations of the part. Consequently, precision parts can undergo nitriding, which was impossible according to the prior art.
- the preliminary treatment according to the process for generating nanostructures of the invention also makes it possible to reduce the duration of the treatment.
- the presence of nanostructures and in particular nanometric diffusion channels allows faster diffusion of the compounds in the surface layer of the part.
- What has just been explained for nitriding is also true for any surface treatment or physicochemical surface process depending on the law of diffusion in the surface layer of a part.
- the methods of cementation, catalysis or storage of ions in a metallic structure are modified when the part undergoes beforehand the process for generating nanostructures according to the invention, that is to say when it comprises a layer nanoscale microstructures over a thickness of ten or a few tens of microns.
- the speed of the circular movement and the frequency and amplitude of the vibratory movement being determined as a function of the physical characteristics of the balls to communicate to them a kinetic energy sufficient for the creation of nanostructures on the material of the part to be treated.
- the method includes a step of mechanical and / or thermal stressing of the metal part (10) to be treated.
- the method comprises a step of treatment by diffusion of chemical compounds and by the formation of new phases of materials of different composition in the layer of nanostructures generated during the generation of the nanostructures or after the generation of these. this.
- the processing time is between several seconds and 10 hours.
- the size of the beads varies from 3 to 10 mm.
- the treatment step is a nitriding comprising placing the part (10) to be treated under a nitrogen atmosphere, at a determined temperature between 350 and 550 ° C., for a determined period of between 30 min and 10h.
- the treatment step is case hardening or catalysis or storage of ions in the metal structure of the part.
- the vibratory movement step is carried out by means of an electronic vibrator whose waves cause the movement of the speakers in the desired direction.
- the vibrator is an ultrasonic generator.
- the diameter of the perfectly spherical balls (22) is between 300 ⁇ m and 3 mm depending on the desired thickness of the layer of nanostructures.
- the projection time is determined as a function of the thickness of nanostructures desired by the user.
- the duration of projection of the balls (22) is between 30 and 1300s.
- the method comprises a step of cooling the part to be treated.
- the speed of the balls is between 5 and 100 m / s
- the mechanical device for generating nanostructures over a determined thickness of a metal part (10) comprising at least one closed enclosure for the size of the beads containing a determined quantity of perfectly spherical beads of determined size, a means of connecting the enclosure to means for generating a vibration communicated to the enclosure, the enclosure assembly, vibration means being mounted by damping means (31) on a turntable (30) with a determined speed.
- the device comprises means for adjusting the speed of rotation of the plate and means for adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the vibration generation means.
- the vibration generating means is an ultrasonic generator.
- the vibration generating means consists of an inertial assembly (34) driven in rotation about an axis (33) perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the plate, the inertial assembly being mechanically connected to the connecting means (32) with the enclosure (20a, 20b).
- the device comprises means for stressing the metal part (10) and / or means for heating the part (10).
- the device comprises means for adjusting the distance (d) between the source of emission of the balls and the part to be treated.
- the distance is of the order of 4 to 40 mm.
- the device comprises means for adjusting the duration of emission of the balls and their speed.
- the balls are in a quantity such that they occupy, when the means for setting in motion by ultrasound are inactive, an area greater than 30% of the area of the sonotrode
- the speed of the balls is between 5 and 10Om / s.
- the device includes means for locally cooling the treated area of the part.
- the device comprises means for treatment by diffusion of chemical compounds in the layer of nanostructures generated during the generation of the nanostructures or after the generation of these.
- the device comprises means for placing the room area (10) to be treated under a nitrogen atmosphere, at a determined temperature between 350 and 550 ° C., for a determined period of between 30 min. and 10 a.m.
- the device comprises means for carburizing, carbonitriding and other thermochemical treatments.
- the device is enclosed in an acoustic insulation enclosure (25).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US99490000A | 2000-07-28 | 2000-07-28 | |
US9949 | 2000-07-28 | ||
PCT/FR2001/002483 WO2002010463A1 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-27 | Procede mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1307599A1 true EP1307599A1 (fr) | 2003-05-07 |
EP1307599B1 EP1307599B1 (fr) | 2004-04-21 |
Family
ID=25541194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01963035A Expired - Lifetime EP1307599B1 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-27 | Procede mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructures |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7147726B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1307599B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001284087A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60102932T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002010463A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2812285B1 (fr) * | 2000-07-28 | 2003-02-07 | Univ Troyes Technologie | Procede de traitement de nanostructures et dispositif de traitement de nanostructures |
AU2003292784A1 (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2004-07-22 | Sintokogio, Ltd. | Method of refining metal surface and metal product by the method |
US20060065333A1 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-03-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Generation of high strength metal through formation of nanocrystalline structure by laser peening |
DE102006036519A1 (de) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Deckelelement für eine Sonotrode und Strahlkammeranordnung zum Oberflächenstrahlen von Bauteilen |
FR2925522B1 (fr) | 2007-12-21 | 2010-08-20 | Areva Np | Procede de traitement superficiel d'un alliage de zirconium ou de hafnium, et piece ainsi traitee |
FR2970006B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-07-05 | Wheelabrator Allevard | Traitement de surface d'une piece metallique |
FR2976589B1 (fr) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-09-12 | Wheelabrator Allevard | Traitement de surface d'une piece metallique |
US9517545B2 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2016-12-13 | Nano And Advanced Materials Institute Limited | Nanostructured-lattices produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment method |
US10253383B2 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2019-04-09 | City University Of Hong Kong | Nanostructured-lattices produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment method |
US9809893B2 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2017-11-07 | City University Of Hong Kong | Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) methods and systems for modifying nanostructures |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2460657A (en) * | 1944-12-22 | 1949-02-01 | Lancaster Processes Inc | Method and apparatus for peening the inside of tubes and other hollow bodies |
GB1130839A (en) * | 1967-06-29 | 1968-10-16 | Sergei Valentinovich Ochagov | A method of work-hardening metal surfaces |
US4628834A (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1986-12-16 | Mckelvie Alastair H | Vibratory fluidized bed reactor |
FR2689431B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-06 | 1995-10-20 | Teknoson | Procede et dispositif notamment de durcissement par ultrasons de pieces metalliques. |
US5532495A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1996-07-02 | Sandia Corporation | Methods and apparatus for altering material using ion beams |
FR2715884B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-04 | 1996-04-12 | Gec Alsthom Electromec | Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement de surface et la mise en précontrainte de la paroi intérieure d'une cavité. |
GB9404268D0 (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1994-04-20 | Univ Nottingham | Surface treatment of shape memory alloys |
-
2001
- 2001-07-27 EP EP01963035A patent/EP1307599B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-27 US US10/343,012 patent/US7147726B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-27 DE DE60102932T patent/DE60102932T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-27 WO PCT/FR2001/002483 patent/WO2002010463A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-27 AU AU2001284087A patent/AU2001284087A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0210463A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1307599B1 (fr) | 2004-04-21 |
DE60102932T2 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
US7147726B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
AU2001284087A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
WO2002010463A1 (fr) | 2002-02-07 |
US20040038626A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
DE60102932D1 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1307598B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de generation de nanostructures | |
WO2002010461A1 (fr) | Procede de generation de nanostructures et dispositif de generation de nanostructures | |
CA2837821C (fr) | Traitement de surface d'une piece metallique | |
EP1307599B1 (fr) | Procede mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructures | |
FR2812284A1 (fr) | Procede de mecanique de generation de nanostructures et dispositif mecanique de generation de nanostructures | |
CA2721642C (fr) | Procede de grenaillage par ultrasons de pieces de turbomachines | |
CA2554921A1 (fr) | Dispositif de nitruration par implantation ionique d'une piece en alliage d'aluminium et procede mettant en oeuvre un tel dispositif | |
EP2659010B1 (fr) | Traitement de surface d'une piece métallique par grenaillage oblique | |
WO1995017994A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'ebavurage de pieces mecaniques | |
JP2009509771A (ja) | レーザーピーニング中の孔食を防ぐよう除去層を使用するレーザーピーニング方法及び装置 | |
WO2008050071A2 (fr) | Couche d ' alliage de nickel-titane comprenant des atomes d ' azote inseres, procede d ' implantation | |
WO2021170962A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en acier nitrure | |
JP4087349B2 (ja) | パルスレーザ表面処理方法 | |
FR2939150A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement d'une partie metallique par un faisceau d'ions | |
EP1448805A2 (fr) | Procede perfectionne de revetement d un support par un mater iau | |
Autric | Thermomechanical effects in laser-matter interaction | |
Faydh et al. | Effect of the laser shock processing on wear resistance of brass alloy | |
EP1186683A1 (fr) | Procédé de durcissement de la surface d'un substrat | |
FR2999607A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement d'acier comprenant un pretraitement d'affinage du grain | |
Marasescu et al. | Laser surface alloying of a chromium-molybdenum steel: mechanical behaviour improvement by melting of boron coatings | |
CH712923B1 (fr) | Procédé de traitement de surface de particules d'une poudre métallique et particules de poudre métallique obtenues grâce à ce procédé. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030217 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB LI |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60102932 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20040527 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20040805 |
|
LTIE | Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension |
Effective date: 20040421 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050124 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20130715 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20150821 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20150803 Year of fee payment: 15 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20150728 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20150730 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 60102932 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20160727 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160731 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160731 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160801 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20170331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160727 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140731 |