EP1296536A2 - Transducteur électroacoustique - Google Patents

Transducteur électroacoustique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1296536A2
EP1296536A2 EP02450170A EP02450170A EP1296536A2 EP 1296536 A2 EP1296536 A2 EP 1296536A2 EP 02450170 A EP02450170 A EP 02450170A EP 02450170 A EP02450170 A EP 02450170A EP 1296536 A2 EP1296536 A2 EP 1296536A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
membrane
electrostatic
principle
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02450170A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1296536A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Ing. Pribyl
Hugo Dipl.-Ing. Lenhard-Backhaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AKG Acoustics GmbH filed Critical AKG Acoustics GmbH
Publication of EP1296536A2 publication Critical patent/EP1296536A2/fr
Publication of EP1296536A3 publication Critical patent/EP1296536A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electro-acoustic transducers working on an electrostatic basis work as a sound pickup and are housed in a microphone capsule. Such Regardless of their physical mode of operation, transducers have a membrane, which is exposed to the sound field and is excited to vibrate by it.
  • the object of the invention is thus an electrostatic microphone.
  • the electrodes of the electrostatic converter are elastic, kept taut Membrane and a rigid electrode, which is usually only called the electrode. Together they form a capacitor, the electrical capacity of which changes due to pressure fluctuations Sound field, which cause a change in the geometry, is changed. Between an electric field is built up in the electrodes of the electrostatic converter, it is possible, the capacity changes of the converter with the help of a downstream amplifier convert into electrical voltage changes.
  • Electrostatic converters, or capsules can be used in relation to the type of Application of the electric field between their electrodes divided into two groups become:
  • Electrostatic converters in which the charges causing an electric field with the help of an externally applied voltage (polarization voltage): - Condenser capsules.
  • Electrostatic transducers where the electrical charge on the electrode or membrane is "frozen", making an externally applied voltage obsolete: - Electret.
  • the electroacoustic properties of the electrostatic microphone capsules (the sensitivity, the frequency response of the sensitivity and the directional characteristic) largely dependent on the vibration behavior of the membrane. Because the membrane at different frequencies experience different types of movement (vibration modes), and there the electrostatic converters convert the membrane movements into electrical Perform voltage, it is clear that the sensitivity of the microphone converter in Dependence on the frequency is a function that is difficult to keep smooth.
  • the intensity distribution of the electric field is on the one hand from the geometric distribution the charge carrier (electrons) on one of the electrodes, and on the other hand from The distance between the two electrodes depends, with a small change of the distance brings about a large change in the field intensity.
  • one of the electrodes is covered with a thin layer of electret.
  • the layer is in Usually made from a Teflon film, which has excellent electrical insulation properties has good storage properties for the electrical charge carriers.
  • the means that with such electrostatic capsules according to the electret principle, the distribution of the electric field between the electrodes from the distribution of the electrons is determined on the Teflon layer of the electrode.
  • the division was in the prior art the carrier of the electric charge - electrons - left to chance.
  • the electrical charge on the Teflon layer has been heavily dependent until now a targeted distribution of the electrons over the electrode surface is not feasible, yes distribution obtained was not even measurable.
  • electrostatic converters that work on the capacitor principle, one serves the Microphone capsule connected to external electrical voltage as a source for generating of the electric field between the electrodes of the capacitor. Because both electrodes The geometrical distribution is flat and smooth in the electrical sense of the electric field between the electrodes homogeneous and not controllable from the outside. This means that in electrostatic converters based on the capacitor principle uniform and practically unchangeable charge distribution was guaranteed.
  • WO 82/00745 A describes a concave or convex electrode which is made of metal and is used in electrostatic transducers based on the capacitor principle work, a different intensity of the electric field between different Placing the electrodes creates without affecting the effects of these changes is received.
  • the aim of the invention is a geometric distribution of the intensity of the electrical Field between the electrode and the membrane of electrostatic transducers, both those based on the electret principle as well as those based on the capacitor principle work, to create that can vary within wide limits, for example according to the wishes of the manufacturer or user.
  • this goal is achieved in that the electrode has at least two has different areas over a different charge carrier density feature.
  • the electrode in its edge area can be after the Electret principle and be built in their central area according to the capacitor principle. This makes it possible to "stick" the membrane in the edge area of the electrode there is no fear of applying a much higher charge density than in the central area of the electrode, which is sensitive to "sticking".
  • the membrane on the capacitor principle it is possible to use the membrane on the capacitor principle to build up, but at least two areas of the electrode, preferably one central circular area and at least one concentrically arranged ring area are electrically separated from each other and supplied with different voltages, so that different charge densities develop in the different areas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section normal to the plane of an electrode 1 with a teflon layer 2 coated base substrate 3.
  • the density of the applied to the Teflon layer 2 According to the invention, electrons are not uniform over the surface but in the edge area 5 higher than in the central area 4. Because of this distribution there is between the shown electrode and the (not shown) membrane with an electric field an intensity distribution as shown in FIG. 2: In the edge area 5 is the intensity significantly higher than in central area 4, so there is a risk of "sticking" in it sensitive area is significantly reduced. It also becomes the characteristic of the microphone, favorably influenced.
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the invention, in which the electrode 1 'of an electrostatic Microphone converter, a combination of two sub-electrodes 6, 7, wherein the partial electrode 6 according to the electret principle and the partial electrode 7 according to the capacitor principle is working.
  • the annular partial electrode 6 lying on the peripheral area is as usual for electret electrodes, coated with a Teflon layer, which is known Way is charged with carriers.
  • the central, circular partial electrode 7 is as usual for capacitor electrodes, designed as a metal electrode. 4 shows the associated intensity distribution of the electric field between the electrode according to Fig. 3 and the membrane of the microphone transducer, not shown.
  • Fig. 5 shows the electrode 1 "of an electrostatic microphone converter according to the The capacitor principle works, which consists of two electrically insulated sub-electrodes 8, 9 exists. These two sub-electrodes, separated by an electrically insulating ring-shaped one Area 10, can now be charged with different densities, simply by applying different voltages accordingly. It is clear that the Level of these voltages, if necessary, also by the user himself, if desired can be regulated, making a simple and subtle adjustment to the respective Desires and areas of application can be achieved.
  • 6 shows the associated intensity distribution of the electric field between 5 and the membrane, also not shown in this example of the microphone converter.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown, but rather can be modified in various ways. So the distribution of the cargo can well also be different than (circular) ring-shaped, if this distribution is also due to the additional Effect of reducing the risk of sticking is particularly preferred. Since the Vibration modes of the membrane also have shapes that are not rotationally symmetrical with regard to the center of the membrane, it can be quite favorable to be star-shaped or choose other distributions to match those associated with these modes Particularly emphasize or attenuate sound frequencies.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
EP02450170A 2001-09-20 2002-08-02 Transducteur électroacoustique Withdrawn EP1296536A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0150301A ATA15032001A (de) 2001-09-20 2001-09-20 Elektroakustischer wandler
AT20011503 2001-09-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1296536A2 true EP1296536A2 (fr) 2003-03-26
EP1296536A3 EP1296536A3 (fr) 2004-01-28

Family

ID=3688290

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02450170A Withdrawn EP1296536A3 (fr) 2001-09-20 2002-08-02 Transducteur électroacoustique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20030053649A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1296536A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003153395A (fr)
CN (1) CN1409576A (fr)
AT (1) ATA15032001A (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1585359B1 (fr) * 2004-03-30 2017-10-04 AKG Acoustics GmbH Télécommande de microphones à alimentation fantôme
DE602007012600D1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2011-03-31 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung, die zwei druckgradientenwandler aufweist
WO2009062214A1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-22 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Procédé de synthétisation d'un signal de microphone
EP2208358B1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2011-02-16 AKG Acoustics GmbH Arrangement de microphone
WO2009105793A1 (fr) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Ensemble transducteur
US9167354B2 (en) * 2011-03-09 2015-10-20 Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Electroacoustic sound transducer
JP6293447B2 (ja) * 2013-10-03 2018-03-14 株式会社オーディオテクニカ 音響用静電型変換器、その固定極の製造方法およびコンデンサマイクロホン、コンデンサヘッドホン
JP6439158B2 (ja) * 2014-12-04 2018-12-19 株式会社オーディオテクニカ コンデンサ型トランスデューサ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982000745A1 (fr) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-04 Kishi K Contre-electrode pour microphone electrostatique et sa structure
DE4342169A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Sennheiser Electronic Elektromechanischer Wandler, wie Mikrofon
WO1997039464A1 (fr) * 1996-04-18 1997-10-23 California Institute Of Technology Microphone electret constitue d'un film mince

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982000745A1 (fr) * 1980-08-21 1982-03-04 Kishi K Contre-electrode pour microphone electrostatique et sa structure
DE4342169A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Sennheiser Electronic Elektromechanischer Wandler, wie Mikrofon
WO1997039464A1 (fr) * 1996-04-18 1997-10-23 California Institute Of Technology Microphone electret constitue d'un film mince

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GUTFELD VON R J: "SEGMENTED ELECTRODE ACOUSTIC GENERATOR USING ELECTROSTATIC EXCITATION" IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, IBM CORP. NEW YORK, US, Bd. 20, Nr. 11B, April 1978 (1978-04), Seiten 5047-5048, XP000795311 ISSN: 0018-8689 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030053649A1 (en) 2003-03-20
CN1409576A (zh) 2003-04-09
JP2003153395A (ja) 2003-05-23
EP1296536A3 (fr) 2004-01-28
ATA15032001A (de) 2005-10-15

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