EP1292545A2 - Vorrichtung zum homogenen erwärmen von gläsern und/oder glaskeramiken - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum homogenen erwärmen von gläsern und/oder glaskeramikenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1292545A2 EP1292545A2 EP01960317A EP01960317A EP1292545A2 EP 1292545 A2 EP1292545 A2 EP 1292545A2 EP 01960317 A EP01960317 A EP 01960317A EP 01960317 A EP01960317 A EP 01960317A EP 1292545 A2 EP1292545 A2 EP 1292545A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- radiation
- heating
- filter
- wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0258—Gravity bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/0086—Heating devices specially adapted for re-forming shaped glass articles in general, e.g. burners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/0235—Re-forming glass sheets by bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/04—Re-forming tubes or rods
- C03B23/043—Heating devices specially adapted for re-forming tubes or rods in general, e.g. burners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
- C03B25/02—Annealing glass products in a discontinuous way
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
- C03B25/02—Annealing glass products in a discontinuous way
- C03B25/025—Glass sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/02—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a discontinuous way
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B29/00—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins
- C03B29/02—Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfaces; Fire-polishing; Fusing of margins in a discontinuous way
- C03B29/025—Glass sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B32/00—Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B19/00, C03B25/00 - C03B31/00 or C03B37/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities; Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B32/00—Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B19/00, C03B25/00 - C03B31/00 or C03B37/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities; Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products
- C03B32/02—Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/007—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by thermal treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for homogeneous heating of glass or glass ceramic and a method for heating with such
- the semi-transparent or transparent glass and / or the glass ceramic is processed to the point of processing (viscosity or warmed beyond.
- typical lower cooling points can be between 282 ° C and 790 ° C, and typically the processing point can be up to 1705 ° C.
- the heating of glass ceramics and / or glasses is currently preferably carried out by using high-performance surface heating, such as gas burners.
- Surface heaters are generally referred to as heaters in which at least 50% of the total heat output of the heating source is entered into the surface or layers near the surface of the object to be heated.
- a radiation source is black or gray and has a color temperature of 1500 K, the source emits 51% of the total radiation power in a wavelength range above 2.7 ⁇ m.
- the color temperature is less than 1500 K, like most electrical resistance heaters, much more than 51% of the total radiation power is emitted above 2.7 ⁇ m.
- a special type of surface heating is heating with a gas flame, typically with the flame temperatures at 1000 °
- Heating by means of a gas burner is largely carried out by transferring the thermal energy of the hot gas to the surface of the glass ceramic or glass. This can result in a temperature gradient, e.g. the shape e.g. can adversely affect due to viscosity gradients. This applies in particular to glass thicknesses> 5 mm.
- the surface or layers close to the surface are heated at the points of the glass or glass ceramic which are opposite the heating source. The rest
- Glass volume or glass ceramic volume must be heated accordingly by heat conduction within the glass or glass ceramic.
- thermal conductivity is in the range of 1 W / (mK)
- glass or glass ceramic must be heated up more and more slowly with increasing material thickness in order to keep stresses in the glass or glass ceramic low.
- Another way of heating and / or shaping is to heat a glass and / or a glass ceramic or a glass and / or glass ceramic blank using IR radiation, preferably short-wave IR radiation.
- DE 42 02 944 C2 has disclosed a method and a device comprising IR radiators for the rapid heating of materials which have a high absorption above 2500 nm.
- DE 42 02 944 C2 proposes the use of a radiation converter from which secondary radiation with a wavelength range is emitted which is shifted into the long-wave range with respect to the primary radiation.
- US-A-3620706 describes a homogeneous deep heating of transparent glass using short-wave IR radiators.
- the method according to US-A-3620706 is based on the fact that the absorption length of the radiation used is much longer than that
- a disadvantage of this method is that no radiation of the glass object homogeneous over the surface is guaranteed, so that the intensity distribution of the IR radiation source is imaged on the glass to be heated.
- only a small part of the electrical energy used is used to heat the glass in this process.
- the heating or heating of glass or glass ceramic by means of short-wave IR emitters takes place partly by radiation in a wavelength range in which the glass or glass ceramic is largely transparent, which is the case for most glasses in the ⁇ 2.7 ⁇ m range Case is.
- emitters with a color temperature of 3000 K for example, 86% of the emitted radiation is in this area.
- This short-wave portion of the radiation is only weakly absorbed by the glass, so that the energy input is largely homogeneous over the depth, as long as the dimensions of the glass part to be heated are significantly smaller than the absorption length of the radiation used in the glass.
- the heating can be carried out within an IR radiation cavity with well-reflecting or back-scattering boundary surfaces, as a result of which the mentioned disadvantage of that described in US-A-3620706 Procedure is overcome.
- the heating device comprises a filter which essentially only allows the short-wave part of the radiation to pass through, but at least partially filters the long-wave part, for example absorbs or reflects it, so that kqine or little long-wave radiation impinges on it glass to be heated or the glass ceramic hits.
- Such a filter can advantageously consist of a flat disk or a sheathing around the IR radiators. Is preferred as
- Material used for the filter is an OH-rich glass, which absorbs weaker in the short-wave range than the glass to be heated or the glass ceramic. This ensures that the absorption edge of the filter is just 2.7 microns and this is therefore only a minimum of deep radiation ( ⁇ 2.7 microns), but one Maximum of unwanted surface-effective radiation (> 2.7 ⁇ m) absorbed.
- the filter can be cooled, for example, air-cooled. It is particularly advantageous if the filter represents a jacket of the IR radiators. Then, for example, air cooling of the IR radiators can be used simultaneously to cool the casing and thus the filter.
- the filter can be made of quartz or another glass so that the radiation let through is diffusely scattered, so that the filter also takes on the function of a diffusing screen.
- imaging of the radiation sources on the glass or glass ceramic body to be heated can be avoided, which brings about an improvement in the lateral temperature homogeneity.
- IR radiation cavities are shown, for example, in US-A-4789771 and EP-A-0 133 847, the disclosure content of which is fully incorporated in the present application.
- the proportion of those reflected by the wall surfaces, the floor and / or the ceiling is preferably and / or scattered infrared radiation more than 50% of the radiation incident on these surfaces.
- Radiation is more than 90%, in particular more than 98%.
- a particular advantage of using an IR radiation cavity is that when using very strongly reflective and / or backscattering wall, floor and / or ceiling materials
- volume elements of the cavity reached at all angles. This prevents any shadowing effects in the case of complex-shaped glass ceramic parts and / or glass parts.
- Remitting wall material can be used, for example, ground quartz plates with a thickness of 30 mm, for example.
- Radiation cavity possible, for example one or more of the following materials:
- the IR radiators have a color temperature greater than 1500 K, particularly preferably greater than 2000 K, very preferably greater than 2400 K, in particular greater than 2700 K, particularly preferably greater than 3000 K.
- the IR emitters In order to prevent the IR emitters from overheating, they are advantageously cooled, in particular air or water-cooled.
- the IR emitters can be switched off individually, in particular their electrical output can be regulated.
- the invention also provides a method for heating glass ceramic and / or glass parts, in which the IR radiation is filtered so that no or only negligible long-wave IR radiation strikes the glass ceramic or glass part to be heated ,
- the heating of the glass ceramic and / or the glass is partly directly with IR
- Radiation from the IR emitters takes place and partly indirectly through IR radiation reflected or backscattered from the walls, the ceiling and / or the bottom of the IR radiation cavity.
- the proportion of indirect, ie. H. the backscattered or reflected radiation which acts on the glass or glass ceramic blank to be heated, more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, preferably more than 70%, particularly preferably more than 80%, particularly preferably more than 90%, especially more than 98% of the
- FIG. 2 shows the Planck curve of a possible IR radiator with a temperature of 2400 K.
- Figure 3A shows the basic structure of a heating device with radiation cavity.
- Figure 3B shows the structure of a heating device with a filter according to the invention.
- FIG. 3C shows the reflectance curve over the wavelength of Al 2 O 3 Sintox AL from Morgan Matroc, Troisdorf, with a reflectance> 95%, over a wide spectral range>
- Figure 4A shows the temperature distribution on the top and bottom of a heated glass sheet after heating with a device according to the invention with a high-pass filter.
- FIG. 4B shows the temperature distribution on the top and bottom of a heated glass sheet after heating with a device without a high-pass filter.
- FIG. 1 shows the transmission curve over the wavelength of an exemplary glass.
- the glass has a thickness of 10 mm.
- the typical absorption edge at 2.7 ⁇ m, above which glass or glass ceramics are opaque, can be clearly seen, so that all of the incident radiation is absorbed on the surface or in the layers near the surface.
- FIG. 2 shows the intensity distribution of an IR radiation source, as can be used for heating a glass or glass ceramic part according to the invention.
- the IR emitters used can be linear halogen IR quartz tube emitters with a nominal output of
- the intensity distribution of the IR radiation source accordingly results from the Planck function of a black body with a temperature of 2400 K. It follows that a significant intensity, that is to say greater than 5% of the radiation maximum, is emitted in the wavelength range from 500 to 5000 nm and a total of 75% of the total radiation power is in the range above 1210 nm.
- the annealing material is heated while the environment remains cold.
- the radiation passing the annealing material is directed onto the annealing material by reflectors or diffuse spreaders or diffuse backscatterers.
- the reflectors are water-cooled, since the reflector material would otherwise tarnish. This danger exists particularly with aluminum, which due to its good reflective properties in the short-wave IR range is popular for
- Emitter of particularly large radiation power is used.
- metallic reflectors diffusely backscattering ceramic diffusers or partially reflecting and partially backscattering glazed ceramic reflectors, for example Al 2 O 3 , can be used.
- a structure in which only the annealed material can be heated can only be used if slow cooling is not required after the heating, which can only be achieved with constant reheating and only with great effort and with an acceptable temperature homogeneity without insulating space.
- the advantage of such a structure is the easy accessibility, for example for a gripper, which is of particular interest in hot forming.
- the heating device and the annealing material or the glass to be heated or the glass ceramic can be located in an IR radiation cavity equipped with IR radiators.
- the quartz glass emitters themselves are sufficiently temperature-resistant or cooled accordingly.
- the IR radiators consisting of a heating coil and typically a quartz glass tube can comprise an additional jacket through which a coolant flows, for example a further quartz glass tube. It is preferred to design the quartz glass tubes considerably longer than the heating coil and to lead them out of the hot area so that the connections are in the cold area so as not to overheat the electrical connections.
- the quartz glass tubes can be designed with and without a coating.
- FIG. 3A shows a first embodiment of a heating device with a shaping method with an IR radiation cavity.
- the heating device shown in FIG. 3A comprises a plurality of IR radiators 1, which are arranged below a reflector 3 made of highly reflective or highly backscattering material.
- the reflector 3 ensures that the power emitted by the IR emitter is directed onto the glass in other directions. The one emitted by the IR emitters
- IR radiation partially penetrates the glass 5, which is semitransparent in this wavelength range, and strikes a carrier plate 7 made of highly reflective or strongly scattering material. Quartzal is particularly suitable for this purpose, which also reflects about 90% of the driving radiation in the infrared.
- a carrier plate 7 made of highly reflective or strongly scattering material. Quartzal is particularly suitable for this purpose, which also reflects about 90% of the driving radiation in the infrared.
- Al 2 O 3 is particularly suitable for this purpose, which also reflects about 90% of the driving radiation in the infrared.
- the reflectance curve of an Al 2 O 3 material over the wavelength is shown in FIG. 2C.
- the glass 5 is placed on the carrier plate 7 with the aid of, for example, quartzal or Al 2 O 3 strips 9.
- the temperature of the bottom can be through a hole 11 in the
- Carrier plate can be measured using a pyrometer.
- FIG. 3B shows a device for heating glass and / or glass ceramic with a high-pass filter according to the invention.
- the walls 10 and the bottom or the carrier plate 7 of the device shown in FIG. 3B consist of quartz.
- This plate 12 serves as a filter for long-wave IR radiation emitted by the IR radiators 1.
- the filter plate 12 which acts as a high-pass filter, the radiation emitted by the IR emitters 1 is filtered in such a way that no or only negligibly long-wave IR radiation strikes the glass 14 to be heated.
- the glass 14 is a 4 mm thick pane of glass arranged within the quartz furnace at a height of 60 mm above the floor
- Lithium aluminosilicate glass which is fixed in the edge area by magnesium oxide rods.
- the heating is carried out by an IR surface heating module located 200 mm above the floor, consisting of six IR radiators 1 arranged in a gold-plated reflector 3, comprising a heating coil 18 and a quartz glass tube 20, which are described in the present document
- Embodiment have a color temperature of 3000 K with a maximum power density of 600 kW / m 2 .
- the structure described is located in an additional quartz radiation cavity, formed by walls 10 and floor 7, in order to avoid energy losses.
- a Eurotherm PC3000 system is used for regulation, the temperature is measured by means of a 5 ⁇ pyrometer through a hole 11 in the floor plate 7.
- the heating devices could comprise IR radiators with a sheathing, the sheathing being made of a material which is used as
- the quartz glass tubes of the embodiment according to FIG. 3A which enclose the heating coil, could themselves consist of an OH-rich, synthetic quartz glass or be encased by an additional quartz glass tube of this type.
- the advantage of such a configuration can be seen, for example, in the fact that it is the same
- Cooling medium that is used to cool the IR radiators for cooling of the filter medium, which is heated by the absorption of the long-wave radiation, can be used.
- the heating process or the heat treatment can be carried out as described below:
- the heating of glass or glass ceramic takes place first in an IR radiation cavity enclosed with quartzal in accordance with FIG. 3A, the ceiling of which is formed by an aluminum reflector with IR radiators underneath, or in a device in accordance with FIG. 3B.
- the samples are stored in a suitable manner.
- the glass or glass ceramic is directly illuminated by several halogen IR emitters.
- the heating of the respective glass or the glass ceramic takes place by controlling the IR radiator via a thyristor controller based on absorption, reflection and scattering processes, as described in detail below:
- the IR radiators and the glass ceramic or glass to be heated are located in a radiation cavity, the walls, floor and / or ceiling of which are made of a material with a surface with high reflectivity, with at least part of the wall, floor and / or ceiling surface, the incident radiation mainly diffuses back.
- heating by means of short-wave IR emitters is also to be used for processes in which the product quality is sensitive to temperature homogeneity, deep-effective heating of the glass by short-wave IR radiation must be achieved without the Long-wave (ie> 2.7 ⁇ m) component inevitably contained in the spectrum of the radiators leads to impermissible temperature gradients within the glass. Such a temperature gradient can be avoided if, for example, as in the device according to FIG.
- a filter 12 is arranged between the IR emitters 1 and the piece of glass to be heated, which only allows the short-wave (ie ⁇ 2.7 ⁇ m) part of the radiation to pass through, the long-wave part, however, absorbs or reflects, so that no or only negligible long-wave radiation strikes the piece of glass to be heated.
- FIG. 4A shows the temperature distribution on the top and bottom of a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass after heating for 20 s, starting from the room temperature. It can be seen that by using the OH-rich quartz glass as a high-pass filter, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the LAS glass pane is only about 2 K on average.
- the structure of the heating device corresponds to that shown in FIG. 3B.
- FIG. 4B shows the temperature distribution which does not occur under the same test conditions in a device according to FIG. 3B
- the maximum deviation between the top and bottom temperature is 15 K.
- Heating of glasses or glass ceramics is specified, which enables homogeneous heating without the formation of a temperature gradient, has high energy utilization and avoids imaging of the radiation source on the object to be heated.
- the device can be used in a variety of areas of glass processing be used. The following uses are only given as examples and are not exhaustive:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10029522A DE10029522B4 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2000-06-21 | Vorrichtung zum homogenen Erwärmen von Gläsern und/oder Glaskeramiken, Verfahren und Verwendungen |
DE10029522 | 2000-06-21 | ||
PCT/EP2001/006804 WO2002000559A2 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-15 | Vorrichtung zum homogenen erwärmen von gläsern und/oder glaskeramiken |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1292545A2 true EP1292545A2 (de) | 2003-03-19 |
Family
ID=7645844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01960317A Withdrawn EP1292545A2 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-15 | Vorrichtung zum homogenen erwärmen von gläsern und/oder glaskeramiken |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030182966A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1292545A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1452601A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001281841A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10029522B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002000559A2 (de) |
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CN1254448C (zh) * | 1999-03-23 | 2006-05-03 | 肖特股份公司 | 使用红外辐射均匀加热玻璃和/或玻璃陶瓷的方法和装置 |
DE10104728C5 (de) * | 2001-02-02 | 2012-04-05 | Adphos Innovative Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Flachglasproduktes |
US6983104B2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2006-01-03 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Apparatus and method for bending and/or tempering glass |
US7231787B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2007-06-19 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Apparatus and method for bending and/or tempering glass |
DE10226238A1 (de) * | 2002-06-13 | 2004-01-08 | Schott Glas | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Vorspannung in einem Körper aus Glas |
US7140204B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2006-11-28 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Apparatus and method for bending glass using microwaves |
DE10233356B4 (de) * | 2002-07-23 | 2005-11-10 | Schott Ag | Verwendung von Strahlungs-Einrichtungen zur Bortenrückerwärmung eines Glasbandes bei der Herstellung von Flachglas |
US7832234B2 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2010-11-16 | Schott Ag | Hot formed articles and method and apparatus for hot-forming |
DE102010025965A1 (de) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur spannungsarmen Herstellung von gelochten Werkstücken |
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US9822580B2 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2017-11-21 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Localized heating techniques incorporating tunable infrared element(s) for vacuum insulating glass units, and/or apparatuses for same |
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US8893527B1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-11-25 | WD Media, LLC | Single surface annealing of glass disks |
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FR2606866B1 (fr) * | 1986-11-17 | 1990-05-18 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et four pour le chauffage d'un materiau et application au chauffage d'une preforme en vue de realiser son etirage sous la forme d'une fibre |
US5176733A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for directed energy glass heating |
US4983202A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-01-08 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Glass sheet heating furnace and method of using |
DE4202944C2 (de) * | 1992-02-01 | 1994-07-14 | Heraeus Quarzglas | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen eines Materials |
US5740314A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1998-04-14 | Edison Welding Institute | IR heating lamp array with reflectors modified by removal of segments thereof |
EP0761614B1 (de) * | 1995-09-07 | 2000-06-07 | Ford Motor Company | Verfahren zum Erhitzen, Formen und Härten einer Glasscheibe |
GB2320021B (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1999-03-31 | Design A Glass Ltd | Methods and apparatus for making glass |
AU7724498A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 1999-01-04 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Glass sheet heating furnace |
JP2003517405A (ja) * | 1998-07-01 | 2003-05-27 | インテバック・インコーポレイテッド | 高速熱処理システム用基板輸送組立体 |
DE29905385U1 (de) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-08-03 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung zum homogenen Erwärmen von Gläsern und/oder Glaskeramiken mit Hilfe von Infrarot-Strahlung |
JP2001155637A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-06-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 陰極線管の加熱装置及び加熱方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 DE DE10029522A patent/DE10029522B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-15 WO PCT/EP2001/006804 patent/WO2002000559A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-15 EP EP01960317A patent/EP1292545A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-15 AU AU2001281841A patent/AU2001281841A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-15 US US10/312,060 patent/US20030182966A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-15 CN CN01811556A patent/CN1452601A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0200559A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10029522B4 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2002000559A8 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
WO2002000559A3 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
DE10029522A1 (de) | 2002-01-10 |
WO2002000559A2 (de) | 2002-01-03 |
US20030182966A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
CN1452601A (zh) | 2003-10-29 |
AU2001281841A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
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