EP1281494A2 - Form für das Pressen von keramischen Fliesen, insbesondere grossformatige Platte - Google Patents

Form für das Pressen von keramischen Fliesen, insbesondere grossformatige Platte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1281494A2
EP1281494A2 EP02077662A EP02077662A EP1281494A2 EP 1281494 A2 EP1281494 A2 EP 1281494A2 EP 02077662 A EP02077662 A EP 02077662A EP 02077662 A EP02077662 A EP 02077662A EP 1281494 A2 EP1281494 A2 EP 1281494A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
layer
die
porous material
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02077662A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1281494A3 (de
Inventor
Claudio SACMI-COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA Ricci
Vasco SACMI-COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA Mazzanti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sacmi Imola SC
Original Assignee
Sacmi Imola SC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sacmi Imola SC filed Critical Sacmi Imola SC
Publication of EP1281494A2 publication Critical patent/EP1281494A2/de
Publication of EP1281494A3 publication Critical patent/EP1281494A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/021—Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
    • B30B15/0017—Deairing means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a pressing mould of the type used in ceramics in the pressing of ceramic tiles.
  • Moulds of known type comprise a lower die, rigid with the movable lower crosspiece of the press and partly inserted into a containing die plate, which can be of fixed or movable type according to the type of mould.
  • the inner lateral walls of said die plate and the surface of the lower die define the forming cavity in which the powders to be pressed are deposited.
  • the powders are pressed by an upper die fixed to the movable upper crosspiece of the press. Once the powders have been loaded into the mould cavity, the pressing cycle consists of pressing the powders with the press upper die until a pressure between 30 and 60 bar has been attained.
  • the pressing action has to be interrupted to enable the air to escape from the powder mass.
  • the pressing action is then recontinued until the final compacting pressure of the order of 300-500 bar is attained.
  • the interruption in pressing to enable the air contained in the pressed mass to escape from the mould cavity limits the productivity of such forming plants, in particular of plants for producing large-format tiles or slabs, in that the air quantity which has to escape from the mould can be of the order of tens of litres.
  • the air quantity which has to escape from the mould can be of the order of tens of litres.
  • the evacuation of such an air quantity, using moulds of known type makes the pressing stage very lengthy to the point of rendering the plant productivity inadequate.
  • mould manufacturers have sought to solve the problem by creating moulds provided on at least one of the active surfaces of the lower die with a plurality of discharge channels which enable the air contained in the powder mass to escape during pressing. Although these moulds partly solve the problem they present the drawback that the deaeration of the powder mass does not take place with uniform distribution over the entire tile surface because of the limited number of channels. This results in a low rate of air evacuation from the powder mass in particular during the final pressing stage.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the known art by a simple, rational and low cost solution.
  • a second object of the invention is to completely and rapidly deaerate the powder mass within the mould cavities in such a manner as to improve powder compaction, so providing a better quality final product.
  • a further object of the invention is to accelerate the powder pressing stage to increase the hourly productivity of plants of known type.
  • the invention attains said objects by virtue of a mould in which at least one of the two dies is provided, at least on its working surface, with a layer of porous material able to absorb, during pressing, practically all the air contained within the powders to be pressed. This air is then released on termination of pressing during die withdrawal.
  • Said layer of porous material can be formed from porous resins, sintered metals or sintered plastic, or from any other material presenting mechanical characteristics suitable for the purpose.
  • said layer is preferably formed from microporous resins and presents a plurality of mutually communicating pores having a mean diameter variable between 1 and 40 ⁇ m, and an open total porosity (in volume) of the order of 10-50%.
  • the thickness of the layer is a function of the dimensions of the mould cavity, i.e. of the quantity of air present in the powders to be pressed.
  • said layer is connected to the external environment by suitable air discharge channels.
  • said layer is connected to air suction means to facilitate air evacuation from the mould cavity.
  • Said layer can also be connected to pressurized fluid feed means which on termination of each pressing cycle, or after a predetermined number of cycles, feed a pressurized fluid, for example compressed air, through the pores of said layer to remove any powder particles clogging the pores.
  • pressurized fluid feed means which on termination of each pressing cycle, or after a predetermined number of cycles, feed a pressurized fluid, for example compressed air, through the pores of said layer to remove any powder particles clogging the pores.
  • the invention enables the powders to be pressed by a single pressing action without the need to interrupt pressing to enable air to escape from the mould cavity.
  • the use of the invention also enables the construction costs of the pressing plant to be reduced as it is no longer necessary to use devices for cleaning the die surface on termination of each pressing cycle, die cleaning being achieved by the actual air appropriated by the porous layer during powder deaeration.
  • the use of the invention also results in a reduction, if not elimination, of the air stream which during pressing passes through the interstices between the dies and die plate, with the advantage of increasing the average die life.
  • the air which passes through said interstices during pressing entrains powders containing abrasive ceramic particles which lead to premature die wear.
  • Figure 1 is as partly sectional view of the mould of the invention associated with a press.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a part of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a partly sectional view of a variant of the mould of the invention associated with a press.
  • Figure 1 shows a press 1, on which a mould 2 of the movable die plate type is installed.
  • the mould 2 comprises a movable lower die 3 rigid with the lower crosspiece of the press 1 and partly inserted into a laterally containing die plate 4.
  • Said die plate 4 rests on the bed of the press 1 via elastic elements 5.
  • the upper surface 30 of the die 3 and the inner walls 40 of the die plate define the mould forming cavity 6 in which the powders to be compacted are deposited by known means, not shown.
  • the press 1 supports the upper die 7, which is fixed to the movable upper crosspiece of the press 1.
  • the outer dimensions of the upper die 7 are virtually identical to those of the lower die and such as to enable it to be inserted into the die plate 4 to enable the material contained in the forming cavity 6 to be pressed.
  • the upper surface 30 of the die 3 is provided with a layer 8 of air-permeable porous material.
  • the layer 8 can be formed from sintered metals, sintered plastic or porous resins.
  • the layer 8 consists of rigid porous resins having 10-50% of open total porosity (by volume) and a thickness of 5-30 mm.
  • the mean pore diameter of the porous resin varies between 1 and 50 ⁇ m on the basis of the material with which the layer is constructed and the size of the atomized powder particles used in the forming process.
  • composition of a porous resin suitable for the purpose is fully described in patent applications EP 165952 and EP 516224 of the same applicant and comprises the following components:
  • the thickness of said layer 8 varies as a function of the open total porosity, and of the dimensions of the slab to be formed.
  • the mean pore diameter influences the tile surface quality, i.e. its roughness, in that a decrease in mean pore diameter of the layer 8 results in lesser tile surface roughness.
  • the perimetral edge of the layer can be provided with a perimetral frame not shown, of non-porous material.
  • said perimetral frame can be made from a suitable impermeable varnish, or by metal edging applied to the perimetral edge of the layer 8. In this latter case said metal edging can be rigid with the die to which the layer 8 is fixed.
  • said layer 8 is connected to suitable means for feeding a pressurized fluid, for example compressed air, these means feeding air through the pores of said layer on termination of the pressing cycle, to expel any powder particles which may be trapped within the pores.
  • a pressurized fluid for example compressed air
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the invention.
  • the description of this variant uses the same reference numerals to indicate components identical to those previously described.
  • FIG. 1 shows the press 1 on which a mould 20 of movable die plate type is installed.
  • the mould 20 comprises a lower die 21 partly inserted into a movable die plate 4.
  • the inner lateral walls of the die plate 4 and the surface of the lower die 21 define the mould cavity 6, in which the powder mass to be pressed is deposited.
  • the upper crosspiece of the press 1 supports the upper die 7 above the lower die 21.
  • both press dies are faced with a layer 8 of porous material, in particular resin, the purpose of which as previously described is to absorb, during the pressing action, the mass of air contained within the powders to be pressed.
  • the air-permeable layer 8 is connected to a plurality of air discharge channels 23 which are provided within the two dies 3 and 7 and have one end opening into the die surfaces, their other end being connected to a suitable air feed device 24' and a suitable air suction device 24", valve elements 240 being interposed between said devices and said layers.
  • said device 24" creates a vacuum within the layers 8 in order to accelerate air evacuation from the powder mass to be pressed.
  • the device 24' feeds compressed air through the layers 8 to eliminate any powder particles which have remained trapped within the layer pores.
  • said air-permeable porous material layer 8 can constitute a facing of the entire die surface or of only a portion thereof.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP02077662A 2001-07-30 2002-07-04 Form für das Pressen von keramischen Fliesen, insbesondere grossformatige Platte Withdrawn EP1281494A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE20010080 2001-07-30
IT2001RE000080A ITRE20010080A1 (it) 2001-07-30 2001-07-30 Stampo per la pressatura di piastrelle ceramiche, in particolare di lastre di grandi dimensioni

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1281494A2 true EP1281494A2 (de) 2003-02-05
EP1281494A3 EP1281494A3 (de) 2003-11-19

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EP02077662A Withdrawn EP1281494A3 (de) 2001-07-30 2002-07-04 Form für das Pressen von keramischen Fliesen, insbesondere grossformatige Platte

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EP (1) EP1281494A3 (de)
IT (1) ITRE20010080A1 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102441937A (zh) * 2011-12-01 2012-05-09 周文鹏 一种可防止排气孔堵塞的陶瓷砖成型模具
CN103434006A (zh) * 2013-08-13 2013-12-11 上海高诚艺术包装有限公司 一种用于大型陶瓷盘器皿坯体成型的装置及其使用方法
CN103753696A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 龚小乙 一种排气型均压瓷砖成型模具
CN105082328A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-25 上海斯米克控股股份有限公司 一种立体起伏面玻化砖成型装置
CN105108893A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2015-12-02 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模斜面排灰装置
CN105128140A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-09 佛山市新鹏工业服务有限公司 一种压制陶瓷砖用的抽气模具
CN105150368A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2015-12-16 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模螺杆排灰装置
CN105235251A (zh) * 2015-10-22 2016-01-13 昆山鸿志犀自动化机电设备有限公司 一种在线控制热压机
IT201700076893A1 (it) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-07 Sacmi Apparato e metodo per la realizzazione di prodotti ceramici
CN109822735A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-31 绵阳中正科技有限公司 轻质隔墙板及其制备方法
DE102022109855A1 (de) 2022-04-25 2023-10-26 Kobra Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57200502A (en) * 1981-06-02 1982-12-08 Yoshitsuka Seiki:Kk Vacuum powder molding method
US5928680A (en) * 1996-08-27 1999-07-27 Tadion; Jay Apparatus for making samples for infrared analysis
EP0999039A2 (de) * 1998-11-02 2000-05-10 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Pressen von Pulver

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57200502A (en) * 1981-06-02 1982-12-08 Yoshitsuka Seiki:Kk Vacuum powder molding method
US5928680A (en) * 1996-08-27 1999-07-27 Tadion; Jay Apparatus for making samples for infrared analysis
EP0999039A2 (de) * 1998-11-02 2000-05-10 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Pressen von Pulver

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 050 (M-197), 26 February 1983 (1983-02-26) & JP 57 200502 A (YOSHITSUKA SEIKI:KK), 8 December 1982 (1982-12-08) *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102441937A (zh) * 2011-12-01 2012-05-09 周文鹏 一种可防止排气孔堵塞的陶瓷砖成型模具
CN103434006A (zh) * 2013-08-13 2013-12-11 上海高诚艺术包装有限公司 一种用于大型陶瓷盘器皿坯体成型的装置及其使用方法
CN103753696A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 龚小乙 一种排气型均压瓷砖成型模具
CN105082328B (zh) * 2014-05-20 2017-12-01 上海悦心健康集团股份有限公司 一种立体起伏面玻化砖成型装置
CN105082328A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-25 上海斯米克控股股份有限公司 一种立体起伏面玻化砖成型装置
CN105108893A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2015-12-02 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模斜面排灰装置
CN105150368A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2015-12-16 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模螺杆排灰装置
CN105108893B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2018-05-08 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模斜面排灰装置
CN105150368B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2018-05-08 福建海源自动化机械股份有限公司 压砖机模具下模螺杆排灰装置
CN105128140A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-09 佛山市新鹏工业服务有限公司 一种压制陶瓷砖用的抽气模具
CN105235251A (zh) * 2015-10-22 2016-01-13 昆山鸿志犀自动化机电设备有限公司 一种在线控制热压机
IT201700076893A1 (it) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-07 Sacmi Apparato e metodo per la realizzazione di prodotti ceramici
EP3424659A1 (de) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-09 Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung von keramikprodukten
CN109822735A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-31 绵阳中正科技有限公司 轻质隔墙板及其制备方法
CN109822735B (zh) * 2019-03-27 2021-04-30 绵阳中正科技有限公司 轻质隔墙板及其制备方法
DE102022109855A1 (de) 2022-04-25 2023-10-26 Kobra Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Betonformsteinen
WO2023208857A1 (de) 2022-04-25 2023-11-02 Kobra Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur herstellung von betonformsteinen und verfahren zur herstellung von betonformsteinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE20010080A1 (it) 2003-01-30
ITRE20010080A0 (it) 2001-07-30
EP1281494A3 (de) 2003-11-19

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