EP1277828A2 - Fuel composition - Google Patents

Abstract

Fuel composition contains an Otto fuel and a small amount of an Otto fuel additive containing a hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue and a specified polar group. Fuel composition comprises an Otto fuel containing a maximum of 42 vol.% aromatics and a sulfur content of a maximum of 150 wt. ppm, and a small amount of an Otto fuel additive with effective detergency and valve seat antiwear properties. The additive comprises a hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue and a specified polar group selected from: (a) mono- and polyamino groups with up to 6 nitrogen atoms, (b) nitro groups optionally in combination with hydroxyl groups, (c) hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- and polyamino groups, (d) carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, (e) sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, (f) polyoxy 2-4C alkylene groups, (g) carboxylic acid ester groups, (h) groups derived from succinic acid anhydride with hydroxy and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups, and (i) groups obtained by Mannich conversion of phenolic hydroxyl groups with aldehydes and mono- and polyamines.

Description

The present invention relates to a fuel composition containing a special gasoline in large quantities and selected petrol additives in a smaller amount.

Carburetors and intake systems of gasoline engines, but also injection systems for fuel metering, are increasing contaminated by dust particles from the Air, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the crankcase ventilation gases led into the carburetor caused.

These residues shift the air-fuel ratio in the Idling and in the lower part-load range, so that the mixture lean, the combustion of incomplete and again the proportions of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas larger and gasoline consumption increases.

It is known that to avoid these disadvantages, fuel additives for keeping valves and carburetor or injection systems clean gasoline engines (see e.g. M.Rossenbeck in catalysts, surfactants, mineral oil additives, ed. J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt, p. 223, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978).

Furthermore, the problem of gasoline engines of older design arises Valve seat wear when operating with unleaded petrol on. Valve seat wear-inhibiting additives were used against this developed on the basis of alkali or alkaline earth metal compounds.

Modern gasoline engines require trouble-free use Fuels with a complex property profile that can only be found in Combination with appropriate petrol additives guaranteed can be. Such petrol generally exists from a complex mixture of chemical compounds and are characterized by physical quantities. The interaction between petrol and corresponding additives in the known fuel compositions in terms of cleaning or keeping clean and the valve seat wear-resistant Effect still in need of improvement.

The object of the present invention was therefore to create a more effective one Find gasoline-gasoline fuel additive composition.

(d) Carboxylgruppen oder deren Alkalimetall- oder Erdalkalimetallsalzen, und

(e) Sulfonsäuregruppen oder deren Alkalimetall- oder Erdalkalimetallsalzen,

aufweist, und das Additiv mit Detergenzwirkung mindestens eine polare Gruppierung ausgewählt aus

(a) Mono- oder Polyaminogruppen mit bis zu 6 Stickstoffatomen, wobei mindestens ein Stickstoffatom basische Eigenschaften hat,

(b) Nitrogruppen, ggf. in Kombination mit Hydroxylgruppen,

(c) Hydroxylgruppen in Kombination mit Mono- oder Polyaminogruppen, wobei mindestens ein Stickstoffatom basische Eigenschaften hat,

(f) Polyoxy-C₂- bis C₄-alkylengruppierungen, die durch Hydroxylgruppen, Mono- oder Polyaminogruppen, wobei mindestens ein Stickstoffatom basische Eigenschaften hat, oder durch Carbamatgruppen terminiert sind,

(g) Carbonsäureestergruppen,

(h) aus Bernsteinsäureanhydrid abgeleitete Gruppierungen mit Hydroxy- und/oder Amino- und/oder Amido- und/oder Imidogruppen und

(i) durch Mannich-Umsetzung von substituierten Phenolen mit Aldehyden und Mono- oder Polyaminen erzeugte Gruppierungen

aufweist.Accordingly, a fuel composition was found comprising a petrol fuel with an aromatic content of at most 42 vol.% And a sulfur content of at most 150 ppm by weight in a larger amount, and in a smaller amount at least one gasoline additive with valve seat wear-inhibiting effect, optionally in combination with an Gasoline fuel additive with detergent action, these gasoline fuel additives having at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue with a number average molecular weight (M _N ) of 85 to 20,000, the additive with valve seat anti-wear effect selected at least one polar grouping

(d) carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, and

(e) sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts,

has, and the additive with detergent action selected at least one polar grouping

(a) mono- or polyamino groups with up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties,

(b) nitro groups, optionally in combination with hydroxyl groups,

(c) hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- or polyamino groups, where at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties,

(f) polyoxy-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkylene groupings which are terminated by hydroxyl groups, mono- or polyamino groups, where at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties, or are terminated by carbamate groups,

(g) carboxylic ester groups,

(h) Groups derived from succinic anhydride with hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups and

(i) Groups generated by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines

having.

The aromatic content of the petrol is preferably at a maximum 40% by volume, in particular a maximum of 38% by volume. Preferred areas for the aromatic content are 20 to 42% by volume, in particular at 25 to 40 vol .-%.

The sulfur content of the petrol is preferably a maximum 100 ppm by weight, in particular a maximum of 50 ppm by weight. preferred The sulfur content ranges from 0.5 to 150 ppm by weight, especially at 1 to 100 ppm by weight.

In a preferred embodiment, the petrol has an olefin content of at most 21% by volume, preferably at most 18 % By volume, in particular a maximum of 10% by volume. Preferred areas for the olefin content are 6 to 21 vol .-%, in particular 7 to 18 vol%.

In a further preferred embodiment, the petrol has a maximum benzene content of 1.0% by volume, in particular maximum 0.9% by volume. Preferred areas for the Benzene content is 0.5 to 1.0% by volume, in particular 0.6 up to 0.9% by volume.

In a further preferred embodiment, the petrol has an oxygen content of at most 2.7% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2.7% by weight, especially from 1.0 to 2.7% by weight, in particular from 1.2 to 2.0% by weight.

A petrol fuel which is simultaneously preferred is particularly preferred an aromatic content of up to 38 vol.%, an olefin content of a maximum of 21% by volume, a maximum sulfur content of 50 ppm by weight, a maximum benzene content of 1.0% by volume and an oxygen content from 1.0 to 2.7% by weight.

The alcohol and ether content in petrol is usually relatively low. Typical maximum levels are for Methanol 3% by volume, for ethanol 5% by volume, for isopropanol 10 vol.%, For tert.-butanol 7 vol.%, For isobutanol 10 vol.% and for ethers with 5 or more carbon atoms in the molecule 15 vol .-%.

The summer vapor pressure of petrol is usually maximum 70 kPa, especially 60 kPa (each at 37 ° C).

The research octane number ("RON") of the petrol is in usually 90 to 100. A common range for the corresponding Motor octane number ("MOZ") is 80 to 90.

The specifications mentioned are determined using customary methods (DIN EN 228).

The hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue in the petrol additives, which ensures sufficient solubility in the fuel, has a number average molecular weight (M _N ) of 85 to 20,000, in particular 113 to 10,000, especially 300 to 5,000. As a typical hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue, in particular in combination with the polar groups (a), (c), (h) and (i), the polypropenyl, polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl radicals each have M _N = 300 to 5000, in particular 500 to 2500, especially 750 to 2250 , into consideration.

As individual gasoline fuel additives with detergent effect or with valve seat anti-wear effect, the following are mentioned.

Additives containing mono- or polyamino groups (a) are preferably polyalkene mono- or polyalkene polyamines based on polypropene or highly reactive (ie with predominantly terminal double bonds - mostly in the α- and β-position) or conventional (ie with predominantly central double bonds) polybutene or Polyisobutene with M _N = 300 to 5000. Such additives based on highly reactive polyisobutene, which from the polyisobutene, which can contain up to 20% by weight of n-butene units, by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as Dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine can be produced, are known in particular from EP-A 244 616. If one starts from the production of the additives of polybutene or polyisobutene with predominantly central double bonds (mostly in the β and γ position), the production route by chlorination and subsequent amination or by oxidation of the double bond with air or ozone to form carbonyl or Carboxyl compound and subsequent amination under reductive (hydrogenating) conditions. The same amines as above for the reductive amination of the hydroformylated, highly reactive polyisobutene can be used here for the amination. Corresponding additives based on polypropene are described in particular in WO-A 94/24231.

Further preferred additives containing monoamino groups (a) are the hydrogenation products of the reaction products from polyisobutenes with an average degree of polymerization P = 5 to 100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen as they are are described in particular in WO-A 97/03946.

Further preferred additives containing monoamino groups (a) are that of polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent ones Dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols available Compounds as described in particular in DE-A 196 20 262 are.

Nitro groups, optionally in combination with hydroxyl groups, containing (b) Additives are preferably reaction products made from polyisobutenes the average degree of polymerization P = 5 to 100 or 10 to 100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and Oxygen, as described in particular in WO-A 96/03367 and WO-A 96/03479 are described. These implementation products provide usually mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutanes (e.g. α, β-dinitropolyisobutane) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutanes (e.g. α-nitro-β-hydroxypolyisobutane).

Additives containing hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- or polyamino groups (c) are, in particular, reaction products of polyisobutene epoxides, obtainable from polyisobutene preferably having predominantly double bonds with M _N = 300 to 5000, with ammonia, mono- or polyamines, as described in particular in EP-A 476 485 are described.

Additives containing carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (d) are preferably copolymers of C ₂ -C ₄₀ olefins with maleic anhydride with a total molar mass of 500 to 20,000, the carboxyl groups of which are wholly or partly to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining one The rest of the carboxyl groups are reacted with alcohols or amines. Such additives are known in particular from EP-A 307 815. Such additives mainly serve to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A 87/01126, can advantageously be used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.

Sulphonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts Additives containing (e) are preferably alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl sulfosuccinate, as described in particular in EP-A 639 632. such Additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used in combination with usual Fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyether amines be used.

Polyoxy-C ₂ - to C ₄ -alkylene (f) additives are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines which are obtainable by reaction of C ₂ - to C ₆₀ alkanols, C 6 to C ₃₀ alkanediols, mono- or di-C ₂ -C ₃₀ -alkylamines, C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkylcyclohexanols or C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol ethylene oxide and / or) propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia , Monoamines or polyamines are available. Products of this type are described in particular in EP-A 310 875, EP-A 356 725, EP-A 700 985 and US-A 4 877 416. In the case of polyethers, such products also have carrier oil properties. Typical examples of this are tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates as well as the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.

Additives containing carboxylic acid ester groups (g) are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those with a minimum viscosity of 2 mm ² / s at 100 ° C., as described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918 are. Aliphatic or aromatic acids can be used as mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids, and long-chain representatives with, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms are particularly suitable as ester alcohols or polyols. Typical representatives of the esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanols, iso-decanols and iso-tridecanol. Such products also have carrier oil properties.

Groups derived from succinic anhydride and containing hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups (h) are preferably corresponding derivatives of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, which are obtained by reacting conventional or highly reactive polyisobutene with M _N = 300 to 5000 with maleic anhydride on thermal Ways or through which chlorinated polyisobutene are available. Derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine or tetraethylene pentamine are of particular interest. Such gasoline fuel additives are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,849,572.

Additives containing groups (i) produced by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine. The polyisobutenyl-substituted phenols can be derived from conventional or highly reactive polyisobutene with M _N = 300 to 5000. Such "polyisobutene Mannich bases" are described in particular in EP-A 831 141.

For a more precise definition of the individual listed petrol additives is here on the revelations of the above Writings of the prior art expressly referenced.

The fuel composition according to the invention can also contain other conventional components and additives. Primarily carrier oils without a pronounced detergent effect are mentioned here, for example mineral carrier oils (base oils), in particular those of the viscosity class "Solvent Neutral (SN) 500 to 2000", and synthetic carrier oils based on olefin polymers with M _N = 400 to 1800 all based on polybutene or polyisobutene (hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated), of polyalphaolefins or polyinternal olefins.

As a solvent or diluent (when providing additive packages) come aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Solvent Naphtha.

Other common additives are corrosion inhibitors, for example based on organic ammonium salts that tend to form films Carboxylic acids or heterocyclic aromatics Non-ferrous metal corrosion protection, antioxidants or stabilizers, for example based on amines such as p-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine or derivatives thereof or of phenols such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, Demulsifiers, antistatic agents, metallocenes such as ferrocene or methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl, lubricity improver (Lubricity additives) such as certain fatty acids, Alkenyl succinic acid esters, bis (hydroxyalkyl) fatty amines, hydroxyacetamides or castor oil and dyes (markers). Sometimes amines were also added to lower the pH of the fuel.

For the fuel composition according to the invention continue to come in particular combinations of the gasoline described with a mixture of petrol additives with the polar Grouping (f) and corrosion inhibitors and / or lubricity improvers based on carboxylic acids or fatty acids, which can exist as monomeric and / or dimeric species, in Consideration. Typical mixtures of this type contain polyisobutenamines in combination with alkanol-started polyethers such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates or propoxylates, polyisobutenamines in combination with alkanol-started polyetheramines such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate-ammonia reaction products and alkanol-started polyetheramines such as tridecanol or isotridecaolbutoxylate-ammonia reaction products in combination with alkanol-started polyethers such as tridecanol or Isotridecanol butoxylates or propoxylates, each together with the corrosion inhibitors or lubricity improvers mentioned.

The aforementioned petrol additives with the polar groupings (a) to (i) and the other components mentioned metered into the petrol and develop their effect there. The Components or additives can be used individually or in petrol added as a previously prepared concentrate ("additive package") become.

The aforementioned petrol additives with the polar groupings (a) to (i) are usually in a gasoline Amount of 1 to 5000 ppm by weight, in particular 5 to 3000 ppm by weight, especially 10 to 1000 ppm by weight, added. The others mentioned Components and additives are used in this, if desired usual amounts added.

With the fuel composition according to the invention, Surprisingly, with significantly less detergent or valve seat wear-resistant Means the same cleansing or keeping clean achieve valve seat wear-resistant effect like in conventional fuel compositions of the prior art Technology. Furthermore, using the same amounts results in Detergent or valve seat anti-wear agent in the invention Fuel composition compared to conventional Fuel compositions surprisingly clearly better cleaning or keeping clean or valve seat wear-resistant Effect.

Furthermore, the fuel composition according to the invention shows additional advantages in that fewer deposits in Combustion chamber of the gasoline engine are formed and that less additive is entered into the engine oil via the fuel dilution.

The following examples are intended to explain the invention in more detail, but without limiting it.

Examples:

The petrol fuels listed in Table 1 with the specified specification were used, with OK 1 being a typical commercially available fuel. specification OK1 (for comparison) OK2 (according to the invention) aromatics
[Vol .-%] 48.4 41.8 benzene
[Vol .-%] 2.0 1.0 olefin
[Vol .-%] 22.6 7.8 oxygen content
[Wt .-%] 0.5 1.7 sulfur content
[Ppm] 245 90 Summer vapor pressure
(at 37 ° C) [kPa] 78.4 69.3

Manufacture of fuel compositions Example 1

700 mg of a polyisobutenamine, prepared by hydroformylation and subsequent reductive amination with ammonia of highly reactive polyisobutene with M _N = 1000 and dilution to the same parts by weight with C ₁₀ -C ₁₄ paraffin (Kerocom® PIBA from BASF Aktiengesellschaft) dissolved in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1.

Example 2

700 mg of the same polyisobutenamine as in Example 1 were in 1 kg OK2 solved according to table 1.

Example 3

600 mg of a commercially available additive composition for petrol, containing a detergent in a usual amount Carbamate groups according to grouping (f) were in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1 solved.

Example 4

600 mg of the same commercial additive composition for Petrol as in Example 3 was in 1 kg OK2 according to the table 1 solved.

Example 5

400 mg of a commercially available additive composition for petrol, containing a detergent, produced by chlorination and subsequent amination of polyisobutene with M _N = 950 with predominantly central double bonds, were dissolved in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1.

Example 6

400 mg of the same commercial additive composition for Gasoline fuels as in Example 5 were in 1 kg OK2 according to the table 1 solved.

Example 7

750 m of a commercially available additive composition for petrol, containing 50 wt .-% of the same polyisobutenamine as in Example 1 and mineral and synthetic carrier oils and Corrosion protection in the usual quantities (Keropur® 3222 from BASF Aktiengesellschaft), in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1 solved.

Example 8

350 mg of the same commercial additive composition for Petrol as in Example 7 were in 1 kg OK2 according to the table 1 solved.

Example 9

500 mg of a commercially available additive composition for petrol, containing 60% by weight of the same polyisobutenamine as in Example 1 as well as mineral carrier oil and corrosion protection each in the usual quantities for this (Keropur® 3233 from BASF Aktiengesellschaft), were in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1 solved.

Example 10

500 mg of the same commercial additive composition for Petrol as in Example 9 were in 1 kg OK2 according to the table 1 solved.

Example 11

700 mg of a mixture of 50% by weight of the same polyisobutenamine as in Example 1 and 50% by weight of a commercially available wear protection additive (Kerocom® 3280 from BASF Aktiengesellschaft) were dissolved in 1 kg OK1 according to Table 1.

Example 12

700 mg of the same additive composition for petrol As in Example 11, 1 kg of OK2 were dissolved in accordance with Table 1.

Application studies

Example 13

Gasoline according to Example 1 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine according to CEC F-05-A-93. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive base value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 14

Gasoline according to Example 2 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced. Surprisingly, it was found that in comparison for example 13 a complete with the same amount of fuel additive Keeping the inlet valves clean is achieved.

Example 15

Gasoline according to Example 3 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, 5, the intake valve deposits were not compared to additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 16

Petrol according to Example 4 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, 5, the intake valve deposits were not compared to additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced. Surprisingly, it was found that in comparison for example 15 with the same amount of fuel additive one practically complete cleanliness of the inlet valves is achieved.

Example 17

Gasoline according to Example 5 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 18

Gasoline according to Example 6 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced. Surprisingly, it was found that in comparison for example 17 with the same amount of fuel additive one practically complete cleanliness of the inlet valves is achieved.

Example 19

Gasoline according to Example 7 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 20

Gasoline according to Example 8 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help ) of engine tests carried out in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced. Surprisingly, it was found that significantly less Fuel additive compared to example 19 for the order of magnitude the same cleanliness of the inlet valves is required becomes.

Example 21

Gasoline according to Example 9 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 22

Gasoline according to Example 10 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This happened with Help with engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced. Surprisingly, it was found that in comparison to Example 21 with the same amount of fuel additive significantly better cleanliness of the inlet valves is achieved.

Example 23

Gasoline according to Example 11 was in terms of its suitability examined for intake system cleanliness. This happened with Help with engine tests in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93 were carried out. As expected, the intake valve deposits were not compared to that additive basic value according to Table 2 below reduced.

Example 24

Gasoline according to Example 12 was tested for its suitability for intake system cleanliness. This was done with the help of engine tests that were carried out in test bench tests with a Mercedes-Benz engine CEC F-05-A-93. As expected, the intake valve deposits were significantly reduced compared to the non-additive base value according to Table 2 below. Surprisingly, it was found that, compared to Example 23, the intake valves were kept much cleaner with the same amount of fuel additive. additive Dosage [mg / kg] Intake valve deposits
[Mg / valve] Valve
1 Valve
2 Valve
3 Valve
4 in the
medium example
13 700 40 157 7 87 73
(547) example
14 700 0 0 0 0 0
(239) example
15 600 19 60 86 34 50
(274) example
16 600 0 1 0 2 1
(239) example
17 400 0 75 17 182 69
(402) example
18 400 0 2 2 0 1
(239) example
19 750 31 120 111 30 73
(592) example
20 350 46 68 38 67 55
(239) example
21 500 181 95 26 68 93
(475) example
22 500 27 33 14 77 38
(239) example
23 700 123 12 98 55 72
(558) example
24 700 82 12 23 22 35
(239) (in parentheses the basic value of the fuel not added)

Claims (14)

A fuel composition containing a petrol with a maximum aromatic content of 42% by volume and a maximum sulfur content of 150 ppm by weight in a larger amount, and at least one petrol additive with valve seat anti-wear effect in a smaller amount, optionally in combination with a gasoline additive with detergent effect, whereby these gasoline fuel additives have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue with a number-average molecular weight (M _N ) of 85 to 20,000, the additive with valve seat wear-inhibiting effect has at least one polar group selected from (d) carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, and (e) sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, has, and the additive with detergent action selected at least one polar grouping (a) mono- or polyamino groups with up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties, (b) nitro groups, optionally in combination with hydroxyl groups, (c) hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- or polyamino groups, where at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties, (f) polyoxy-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkylene groupings which are terminated by hydroxyl groups, mono- or polyamino groups, where at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties, or are terminated by carbamate groups, (g) carboxylic ester groups, (h) Groups derived from succinic anhydride with hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups and (i) Groups generated by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines having. Fuel composition according to Claim 1, comprising as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groupings (a) polyalkene mono- or polyalkene polyamines based on polypropene, polybutene or polyisobutene with M _N = 300 to 5000. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groupings (b) reaction products from medium-degree polyisobutenes P = 5 to 100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen. Fuel composition according to Claim 1, comprising as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groupings (c) reaction products of polyisobutene epoxides, obtainable from polyisobutene having predominantly terminal double bonds with M _N = 300 to 5000, with ammonia, mono- or polyamines. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groups (d) copolymers of C ₂ -C ₄₀ olefins with maleic anhydride with a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, their carboxyl groups wholly or partly to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining one The rest of the carboxyl groups are reacted with alcohols or amines. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groupings (e) alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl sulfosuccinic acid ester. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a petrol additive with polar groupings (f) polyethers or polyetheramines, obtainable by reaction of C ₂ -C ₃₀ alkanols, C ₆ -C ₆₀ alkanediols, mono- or di-C ₂ -C ₃₀ alkylamines , C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkylcyclohexanols or C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groups (g) esters Mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a petrol additive with polar groupings (h) derivatives of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, obtainable by reacting conventional or highly reactive polyisobutene with M _N = 300 to 5000 with maleic anhydride by thermal means or via the chlorinated polyisobutene. Fuel composition according to claim 1, containing as a gasoline fuel additive with polar groupings (i) reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines. A fuel composition according to claims 1 to 10 containing a petrol with a maximum olefin content 21 vol%. A fuel composition according to claims 1 to 11 containing a petrol with a maximum benzene content 1.0 vol%. A fuel composition according to claims 1 to 12 containing a petrol with an oxygen content of maximum 2.7% by weight. A fuel composition according to claims 1 to 13 containing the petrol additives with the polar groupings (a) to (i) in an amount of 1 to 5000 ppm by weight.