EP1276740A2 - Nouveaux derives d'epothilone, procede permettant de les preparer et leur utilisation pharmaceutique - Google Patents

Nouveaux derives d'epothilone, procede permettant de les preparer et leur utilisation pharmaceutique

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Publication number
EP1276740A2
EP1276740A2 EP01936262A EP01936262A EP1276740A2 EP 1276740 A2 EP1276740 A2 EP 1276740A2 EP 01936262 A EP01936262 A EP 01936262A EP 01936262 A EP01936262 A EP 01936262A EP 1276740 A2 EP1276740 A2 EP 1276740A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
methyl
dihydroxy
dione
chloro
ethenyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01936262A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Buchmann
Ulrich Klar
Werner Skuballa
Wolfgang Schwede
Rosemarie Lichtner
Jens Hoffmann
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Bayer Pharma AG
Original Assignee
Schering AG
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Publication of EP1276740A2 publication Critical patent/EP1276740A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • Epothilone A H
  • the aim of the structural changes is also to increase the therapeutic range. This can be achieved by improving the selectivity of the action and / or increasing the potency and / or reducing undesirable toxic side effects, as described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Be. USA 1998, 95, 9642-9647 are described.
  • Epothilone A The total synthesis of epothilone A is by Schinzer et al. in Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, No. 11, 1477-1482 and in Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, No. 5, pp. 543-544).
  • Epothilone derivatives have already been described by Höfle et al. described in WO 97/19086. These derivatives were made from natural epothilone A or B.
  • Epothilone derivatives partly also epothilones C and D are furthermore described in patent applications WO 99/07692, WO 99/02514, WO 99/01124, WO 99/67252, WO 98/25929, WO 97/19086, WO 98/38192, WO 99 / 22461 and WO 99/58534.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide new epothilone derivatives which are sufficiently stable both chemically and metabolically for drug development and which have a therapeutic breadth, their selectivity of action and / or undesirable toxic side effects and / or their Potency are superior to natural derivatives.
  • the present invention describes the new epothilone derivatives of the general formula I
  • Rla j Ri b are the same or different and are hydrogen, C ⁇
  • R 20 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -C-
  • R 3 is hydrogen, -CC-alkyl, aryl, C7-C20-aralkyl,
  • R 4 is hydrogen, C-
  • H -CH- HC * CH, C ⁇ C U / J ⁇ - * u CC CC CC
  • R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, -C-C20- lk l »aryl
  • Alkylene- ⁇ , ⁇ -dioxy group which can be straight-chain or branched, H / OR9 or a grouping CR ⁇ R 1 ' ', where
  • R10, R11 are the same or different and are for
  • Z is an oxygen atom or H / OR ⁇ 2 , where
  • R1 2 is hydrogen or a protective group PG Z mean.
  • the representation of the new epothilone derivatives is based on the linkage of two partial fragments A and B.
  • the interfaces are as indicated in the general formula I '.
  • A represents a C1-C6 fragment (epothilone counting) of the general formula
  • R 4 hydrogen, OR a , shark, OSO 2 R 14b ,
  • Rl3a hydrogen, S ⁇ 2-alkyl, S ⁇ 2-aryl, S ⁇ 2-aralkyl or together one
  • Rl5b are the same or different and are hydrogen, Ci-C ⁇ Q-alkyl, aryl,
  • C7-C20-aralkyl or together a - (CH2) q group, shark halogen, o 2 to 4, q 3 to 6, including all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof, and etherified free hydroxyl groups in R ⁇ 3 and R ⁇ 4 or esterified, free carbonyl groups in A and R1, converted to an enol ether or reduced, and free acid groups in A in whose salts can be converted with bases.
  • W is an oxygen atom, two alkoxy groups OR ⁇ , a C2-C ⁇ rj-alkylene, ⁇ -dioxy group, which can be straight-chain or branched or H OR ⁇ , Rl6 hydrogen or a protective group PG ⁇
  • R18 is a hydrogen atom or a protective group PG 2
  • U is an azide or the group OR 23 , where R 23 is a hydrogen or a
  • Protection group PG 10 mean.
  • Rl5a j Rl5b j R17 ; R19 and R22 can be perfluorinated or substituted by 1-5
  • Halogen atoms hydroxy groups, C-
  • R a , Rib R2a ; R 2b R 3 f R 4 f R 8 ; R 9 (R 10 j R 11 ; R 12 f R 13b R 14b ; R 15a and R ⁇ b come substituted and unsubstituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic radicals with one or more heteroatoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, Pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, thiazolyl, which can be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, OH, O-alkyl, CO2H, CO 2 -alkyl, -NH2, -NO2, -N3, -CN, C ⁇ -C- 20-alkyl.
  • R 15a and R 15b may contain up to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10, in the ring and 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 4, atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • suitable aralkyl radicals are benzyl, phenylethyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl, furylmethyl, thienylethyl and pyridylpropyl.
  • the rings can be substituted one or more times by halogen, OH, O-alkyl, CO 2 H, CO 2 alkyl, -NO 2 , -N 3 , -CN, C ⁇ n-alkyl, CiC ⁇ o-acyl, CjC-20-
  • substituted and unsubstituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic radicals with one or more heteroatoms such as e.g. Naphthyl, anthryl, benzothiazolyl,
  • Benzoxazolyl Benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoxazinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl,
  • alkoxy groups contained in X in general formula I are each intended to be 1 to 20
  • Representing the protective groups PG are alkyl- and / or aryl-substituted silyl, C-
  • -C20-acyl and aroyl to name a few.
  • alkyl, silyl and acyl radicals for the protective groups PG are the radicals known to the person skilled in the art. Preferred from the corresponding alkyl and
  • Tetrahydrofuranyl trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert.-butyldimethylsilyl, tert.
  • Methoxybenzyl radical trityl, dimethoxytrityl and alkylsulfonyl and arylsulfonyl radicals.
  • Acyl residues come e.g. Formyl, acetyl, propionyl, isopropionyl, pivalyl, butyryl,
  • Trichloromethoxycarbonyl or benzoyl which can be substituted with amino and / or hydroxy groups, in question.
  • Examples include the Alloc, Boc, Z, Benzyl, f-Moc, Troc, Stabase or
  • the acyl groups PG X and PG Z in R 9 and R ⁇ 2 can contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, isopropionyl and pivalyl groups being preferred.
  • the index in the alkylene group formed from R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b is preferably 2, 3 or 4.
  • the C2-C ⁇ o-alkylene, ⁇ -dioxy group possible for X is preferably an ethylene ketal or neopentyl ketal group.
  • R ⁇ a , R " l each stand for a methyl group or together for an ethylene or trimethylene group.
  • Z primarily stands for an oxygen atom.
  • the two substituents R a and R 2b are selected such that one for a hydrogen atom and the other for a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, allyl, homoallyl, propargyl or homopropargyl group.
  • R 3 preferably represents a hydrogen atom.
  • R 4 represents a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or benzyl group.
  • D stands for an oxygen atom and E for a methylene group or D and E together for an ethylene group.
  • the substituent R 5 is preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, in particular a fluorine or chlorine atom.
  • G represents a bicyclic heteroaryl radical with at least one nitrogen atom; it is preferably a 2-methyl-5-benzothiazolyl radical or 2-methyl-5-benzoxazolyl radical.
  • the heteroaryl radical is primarily a 2-methyl-4-thiazolyl, 2-pyridyl or 2-methyl-4-oxazolyl radical.
  • L and Y can preferably be selected so that a lactone or lactam function is formed in the epothilone structure, ie L is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen function -NR 22 - with R 22 in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group and Y stands for an oxygen atom.
  • the partial fragments (synthesis building blocks) of the general formula A can easily be obtained from a) a pantolactone of the general formula Ila
  • R 1 a ', R ⁇ b' each represent a methyl group or b) a malonic acid dialkyl ester of the general formula XXVIII
  • Rl a ', R ⁇ * have the meaning given in the general formula A, and
  • Alkyl independently of one another is a C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, C-3 C 1 -cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 20
  • Alkylcycloalkylrest mean.
  • protective group PG 4 come the protective groups known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert.-butyldimethylsilyl, tert.-butyldiphenylsilylsilyl, tribenzylsilylsilyl, tribenzylsilylsilyl, tribenzylsilylsilyl, tribenzylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilylsilyl
  • Preferred protective groups are those which can be cleaved under acidic reaction conditions, such as e.g. the methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl,
  • the tetrahydropyranyl radical is particularly preferred.
  • the protected lactone A-Ill is reduced to lactol A-IV.
  • Reactivity modified aluminum hydrides such as e.g. Diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as e.g. Toluene, preferably at low temperatures.
  • Step c (A-IV ⁇ A /):
  • Lactol A-IV is opened with the addition of one carbon atom to the hydroxyolefin A-V.
  • the methods known to the person skilled in the art such as e.g. the olefination according to Tebbe, the Wittig or Wittig / Horner reaction, the addition of an organometallic compound with elimination of water.
  • the Wittig reaction using methyltriarylphosphonium halides such as e.g. Methyl triphenylphosphonium bromide with strong bases such as e.g. n-butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium ethanolate, sodium hexamethyldisilazane; n-butyllithium is preferred as the base.
  • the free hydroxyl group in AV is protected by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the protective groups PG ⁇ which are known to the person skilled in the art, as already mentioned above for PG 4 in step a (A-II -> A-III), are suitable.
  • Protective groups which can be cleaved under the action of fluoride such as e.g. the trimethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl radical.
  • Anti-Markovnikov water is added to the double bond in A-VI.
  • the methods known to the person skilled in the art such as the reaction with boranes, their subsequent oxidation to the corresponding boric acid esters and their saponification.
  • Preferred boranes are e.g. the borane-tetrahydrofuran complex, the borane-dimethyl sulfide complex, 9-borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane in an inert solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
  • Hydrogen peroxide is preferably used as the oxidizing agent, and alkali metal hydroxides such as e.g. Sodium hydroxide.
  • Step f (A-Vl ⁇ A-Vll):
  • the protective group PG 4 introduced under step a) is then cleaved by the processes known to the person skilled in the art. If it is an acidic cleavable protective group, then dilute mineral acids in aqueous alcoholic solutions are suitable, the use of catalytic amounts of acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphorsulfonic acid in alcoholic solutions, preferably in ethanol or isopropanol.
  • acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphorsulfonic acid in alcoholic solutions, preferably in ethanol or isopropanol.
  • a common protection of both alcohol functions of the mono-protected 1,3-diol in A-VII is by direct ketalization with a carbonyl compound of the general formula R 1 ⁇ a_c ⁇ -Rl5b j oc
  • each Rl 5a and Rl5b have the meanings given above, possible under acid catalysis.
  • Suitable acids are the acids already mentioned under step f), preference is given to the use of para-toluenesulfonic acid, optionally with the addition of copper (II) or cobalt (II) salts such as copper (II) sulfate.
  • the protective group PG ⁇ introduced under step d) is then cleaved by the processes known to the person skilled in the art. If it is a silyl ether, the reaction with fluorides such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, the hydrogen fluoride-pyridine complex, potassium fluoride or the use of dilute mineral acids, the use of catalytic amounts of acids such as e.g. para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphorsulfonic acid in alcoholic solutions, preferably in ethanol or isopropanol.
  • fluorides such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, the hydrogen fluoride-pyridine complex, potassium fluoride or the use of dilute mineral acids
  • catalytic amounts of acids such as e.g. para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphors
  • Step k (A-X ⁇ A-Xl):
  • the oxidation of the primary alcohol in A-X to the aldehyde takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples include oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine complex, oxidation according to Swern or related methods, e.g. using oxalyl chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, using Dess-Martin periodinane, using nitrogen oxides such as e.g. N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide in the presence of suitable catalysts such as e.g. Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in inert solvents.
  • Oxidation according to Swern, with S ⁇ 3-pyridine complex and with N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide using is preferred
  • Step I (A-Xl ⁇ A-Xll):
  • R 2a 'in A-Xlll is hydrogen
  • R 2a ' which has the meanings mentioned above, except hydrogen
  • R 2a ' is hydrogen
  • R 2a ' is hydrogen
  • R 2a ' is hydrogen
  • X represents a halogen
  • Halogen X is preferably chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • Step o (AV - »A-XV): The oxidation of the primary alcohol in AV to the aldehyde A-XV takes place according to the conditions mentioned under step k). The oxidation method according to Swern is preferred.
  • organometallic compounds of the general formula M-CHR 2a 'R 2b ' in which M is an alkali metal, preferably lithium or a divalent metal MX, in which X represents a halogen and the radicals R 2a 'and R 2b ' each have the meanings given above.
  • M is an alkali metal, preferably lithium or a divalent metal
  • X represents a halogen
  • the radicals R 2a 'and R 2b ' each have the meanings given above.
  • Magnesium and zinc are preferred as divalent metal, and chlorine, bromine and iodine are preferred as halogen X.
  • Anti-Markovnikov water is added to the double bond in A-XVI.
  • the methods described under e) are suitable for this.
  • Reaction conditions can be split, e.g. Benzyl, para-nitrobenzyl,
  • Acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, benzoyl radical is Acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, benzoyl radical.
  • the benzoyl radical is particularly preferred.
  • the protection group PG ⁇ in XIX is now split selectively. If it is a hydrogenolytically cleavable protective group, it is preferably in the presence of palladium or platinum catalysts in inert solvents such as Hydrogenated ethyl acetate or ethanol.
  • saponification with carbonates in alcoholic solution such as, for example, potassium carbonate in methanol
  • saponification with aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides such as, for example, lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
  • organic, water-miscible solvents such as, for example, methanol , Ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane.
  • the alcohols in A-XVII are oxidized to ketoaldehyde A-XXI according to the conditions mentioned under step k). Oxidation with N-methylmorpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate and the Swern method are preferred.
  • Oxidation according to Jones the oxidation with potassium permanganate, for example in an aqueous system of tert-butanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the oxidation with potassium permanganate
  • Chlorine scavenger such as 2-methyl-2-butene.
  • Solvents such as e.g. Dimethylformamide take place.
  • Step k conditions mentioned. Oxidation with N-methylmorpholino is preferred. N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate and the Swern method.
  • the protective group PG ⁇ introduced under step d) is split as described under step i.
  • R ⁇ 3 'and Rl b ' can all have the meanings given in the general formula A, can furthermore be prepared from cheap or easily accessible dialkyl malonates in an efficient manner with high optical purity.
  • a free hydroxyl group in A-XXIX is selectively protected by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the protective groups PG 7 are the protective groups known to the person skilled in the art, as already mentioned above for PG 4 in step a (A-II ⁇ A-III). Protective groups containing silicon are preferred.
  • Step af (A-XXX ⁇ A-XXXI): The oxidation of the remaining primary hydroxyl group in A-XXX to the aldehyde A-XXXI takes place according to the conditions mentioned under step k). Oxidation with N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium per-ruthenate, the use of pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate and the Swern method are preferred.
  • the aldehydes A-XXXI are treated with an ester of acetic acid where chG ⁇ represents a chiral auxiliary group, implemented in the sense of an aldol reaction.
  • the compounds chG ' ' ⁇ C (O) CH3 are used in optically pure form in the aldol reaction.
  • the type of chiral auxiliary group determines whether the aldol reaction proceeds with high diastereoselectivity or results in a diastereomer mixture that can be separated by physical methods. An overview of comparable diastereoselective aldol reactions can be found in Angew. Chem. 99 (1987), 24-37.
  • Suitable chiral auxiliary groups chG ⁇ -OH are, for example, optically pure 2-phenylcyclohexanol, pulegol, 2-hydroxy-1, 2,2-triphenylethanol, 8-phenylmenthol.
  • the diastereomerically pure compounds A-XXXII can then be converted into enantiomerically pure compounds of the type A-XXXIII or ent-A-XXXIII by saponification of the ester unit with simultaneous release of the reusable chiral auxiliary component chG ⁇ -OH by processes known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Carbonates in alcoholic solution such as e.g. Potassium carbonate in methanol, aqueous solutions of alkali hydroxides such as Lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide using organic water-miscible solvents such as e.g. Methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane.
  • the chiral auxiliary group can also be removed reductively.
  • the enantiomerically pure compounds of type A-VI II or ent-A-VIII are obtained.
  • the reduction can be carried out according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • suitable reducing agents are diisobutyl aluminum hydride and complex metal hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride.
  • the compounds A-VIII or ent-A-VIII can, as described above, be converted into compounds of the type A-Xlll or ent-A-XIII.
  • compounds of type A-XXXIII or ent-A-XXIll can be converted into compounds of type A-XXII or ent-A-XXII according to the methods described above.
  • the sequence can also be carried out without using a chiral auxiliary group chG ' '.
  • racemic mixtures of compounds of the rac-A-VIII or rac-A-XXXIII type are then obtained via the corresponding racemic precursors.
  • These mixtures can in turn be separated by the processes known to those skilled in the art for resolving racemates, for example chromatography on chiral columns.
  • the synthesis can also be continued with the racemic mixtures.
  • the compound B1 is alkylated with the enolate of a carbonyl compound of the general formula B-II, in which X is a hydrogen and chG 2 is a chiral auxiliary group, according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the enolate is produced by the action of strong bases such as lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazane at low temperatures.
  • Oxazolidinones are preferred, particularly preferred are the compounds of the formulas B1 to B-Illd.
  • the absolute stereochemistry of the ⁇ -carbonyl carbon of the compound of the general formula B-IV is determined by the choice of the respective antipode. In this way, the compounds of the general formulas B-IV to B-XV or their respective enantiomers ent-B-IV to ent-B-XV can be obtained enantiomerically pure. If an achiral alcohol such as ethanol is used as chG 2 -H (B-III), the racemic compounds rac-B-IV to rac-B-XV are obtained.
  • Protecting groups PG10 are the protective groups known to the person skilled in the art, as already mentioned above for PG4 in step a (A-II-A-III).
  • Protective groups containing silicon which can be cleaved under acidic reaction conditions or using fluoride, such as e.g. the trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl radical.
  • the tert-butyldiphenylsilyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl radical is particularly preferred.
  • the group chG 2 represents one of the chiral auxiliary groups mentioned under step a, this is recovered by transesterification of B-IV into an alkyl ester of the general formula BV.
  • the transesterification takes place according to those known to the person skilled in the art Methods. Transesterification with simple alcohols such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of corresponding titanium (IV) alcoholates is preferred.
  • Suitable reducing agents are the reducing agents known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. Aluminum hydrides such as Lithium aluminum hydride or diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • Aluminum hydrides such as Lithium aluminum hydride or diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as e.g. Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, toluene.
  • Step c) conditions are reduced directly to the alcohols of the general formula B-VI.
  • the chiral auxiliary component chG 2 -H can also be recovered here.
  • the oxidation of the primary alcohol in B-VI to the aldehyde of the general formula B-VII takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples include oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine complex, oxidation according to Swern or related methods, e.g. using S ⁇ 3-pyridine complex or oxalyl chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, the use of Dess-Martin periodinane, the use of nitrogen oxides such as e.g. N-methylmorpholino-N-oxide in the presence of suitable catalysts such as e.g. Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in inert solvents.
  • Oxidation according to Swern, S ⁇ 3-pyridine complex and with N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate is preferred.
  • the unsaturated esters of the general formula B-VIII are produced by the processes known to the person skilled in the art. Methods such as the Wittig or Wittig / Horner reaction or the Peterson olefination are suitable for this.
  • the Wittig / Horner reaction is preferred using phosphonates of the alkylOOC-CHR 5 '-P (O) (OAIkyl') 2 type, where alkyl and alkyl 'can be identical or different and preferably methyl, ethyl, i-propyl or trifluoroethyl mean and R ⁇ 'already has the meaning mentioned, with bases such as, for example, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, n-butyllithium, potassium tert-butanolate, sodium ethanolate, lithium hexamethyldisilazane, sodium hexamethyldisilazane, potassium hexamethyldisilazane and, if appropriate, with additions of, for example,
  • the E / Z diastereomers obtained can, for example, be separated at this or the next stage and can be converted individually into the corresponding E or Z olefin end products.
  • E-form is shown in the formula diagram. However, all of the following steps also apply to the corresponding Z isomer.
  • Suitable reducing agents are the reducing agents known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. Aluminum hydrides such as Lithium aluminum hydride or diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • Aluminum hydrides such as Lithium aluminum hydride or diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as e.g. Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, toluene.
  • the primary hydroxyl group in B-IX is converted into a leaving group X in BX, where X can be a group known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, mesylate, triflate nonaflate, chloride, bromide or iodide.
  • a basic solvent such as pyridine
  • a neutral solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or methylene chloride with base addition
  • base addition such as pyridine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide BX implemented.
  • the halides can be obtained either by means of a Finkelstein reaction from the corresponding sulfonates with alkali halides in acetone or by reaction of the alcohol B-IX with iodine or CCI4, CBr4 or else appropriately substituted ethanes or ethenes in the presence of triphenylphosphine or bis (diphenylphosphinoethane) and imidazole can be obtained in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or methylene chloride.
  • the alkylation of the compound BX is carried out either with the acetylene B-Xla using one equivalent of base or by the dibromoalkene B-Xlb using at least two equivalents of base in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether, optionally with the addition of DMPU or else HMPA at -80 ° to ⁇ O ° C.
  • Suitable bases are e.g. called butyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide or sodium amide.
  • alkylation would be a copper-catalyzed coupling reaction with the addition of a base such as e.g. Triethylamine or potassium or sodium carbonate in an inert solvent or a mixture of these solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • a base such as e.g. Triethylamine or potassium or sodium carbonate
  • an inert solvent or a mixture of these solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • a conventional phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium bromide, would then have to be added.
  • a further alternative to the synthesis of the compounds B-Xll would be the reaction of the compounds of the general formula BX with alkali metal or copper cyanide in a polar solvent such as, for example, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or also DMPU or NMP, followed by a reduction, for example with diisobutylaluminum hydride with subsequent hydrolysis to corresponding aldehyde and its reaction with the Wittig salt generated from the compound B-Xlll.
  • a polar solvent such as, for example, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or also DMPU or NMP
  • Step i (B-IX ⁇ B-Xll):
  • the primary alcohol B-IX is etherified with a sulfonate or halide of the general formula B-XIII.
  • the alcoholate of B-IX is generated using a base such as sodium hydride, butyllithium or lithium diisopropylamide and converted to B-XII in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dimethylformamide.
  • phase transfer-catalyzed etherification in a two-phase system such as, for example, toluene / sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, using a catalyst such as, for. B. Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate.
  • Step i (BX ⁇ B-XI. ⁇
  • D'-E has the meaning S-CH2, SO-CH2 or SO2-CH2
  • the compound general formula BX according to the methods known to those skilled in an Corresponding mercaptan, for example by reaction with NaHS or also thioacetate followed by saponification, is converted into a thioether of the formula B-XII in analogy to the methods described in step i, which can optionally be converted into the corresponding sulfoxides or Sulfones of the formula B-XII can be transferred at this or a later stage by oxidizing agents such as, for example, H2O2 / acetonitrile, manganese dioxide, osmium tetroxide, peracids or sodium periodate.
  • oxidizing agents such as, for example, H2O2 / acetonitrile, manganese dioxide, osmium tetroxide, peracids or sodium periodate.
  • Step j (B-Xll ⁇ B-XIV):
  • the protective group PG & is now split according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art. If it is an acidic cleavable protective group, then dilute mineral acids in aqueous alcoholic solutions are suitable, the use of catalytic amounts of acids such as e.g. para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphorsulfonic acid in alcoholic solutions, preferably in ethanol or isopropanol.
  • acids such as e.g. para-toluenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, camphorsulfonic acid in alcoholic solutions, preferably in ethanol or isopropanol.
  • the protective group PG10 is first selectively cleaved by the methods known to the person skilled in the art before the protective group PG ⁇ is split off (see also above).
  • the secondary alcohol thus obtained is converted into a sulfonate using a sulfonyl chloride or a sulfonic acid anhydride and, if appropriate, subsequently in a Finkelstein reaction with an alkali metal bromide or chloride, or by reacting the secondary alcohol with CBr4 in the presence of triphenylphosphine or bis (diphenylphosphinoethane) in a secondary halide.
  • halides or sulfonates thus obtained can then by a nucleophilic substitution with z.
  • B. sodium azide in a neutral polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide in a corresponding azide (L ' N3) are converted. This would be followed by the cleavage of the protective group PG ⁇ described above.
  • Step k (B-XIV - »B-XV):
  • the oxidation of the primary alcohol in B-XIV to the corresponding aldehyde takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples include oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine complex, oxidation according to Swern or related methods, e.g. using SO3-pyridine complex or oxalyl chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, using Dess-Martin periodinane, using nitrogen oxides such as e.g. N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide in the presence of suitable catalysts such as e.g. Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in inert solvents. Oxidation according to Swern and with N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate is preferred.
  • R3 ' ⁇ H can now by the methods known to those skilled in the art with organometallic compounds of the general formula MR 3 ', where M is an alkali metal, preferably lithium or a divalent metal MX, where X represents a halogen and the R 3 'has the meaning given above, the corresponding secondary alcohol can be prepared.
  • M is an alkali metal, preferably lithium or a divalent metal MX, where X represents a halogen and the R 3 'has the meaning given above
  • the corresponding secondary alcohol can be prepared.
  • Magnesium and zinc are preferred as divalent metal, and chlorine, bromine and iodine are preferred as halogen X.
  • the secondary alcohol obtained in this way is converted by oxidation into the ketone of the general formula B-XV with R3 'nach H according to the process mentioned under k) at the beginning. Oxidation with N-methylmorpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate is preferred
  • racemic starting materials are known or can easily be prepared from the corresponding substituted malonic esters by reduction and partial acetate formation.
  • the representation of the chiral starting materials of the general formula B-XVI are either known or can be such. B. in Tetrahedron Letters 27, ⁇ 707, starting from the corresponding prochiral diols by enzymatic acylation or starting from the prochiral diacetates by enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • Preferred protective groups are those which can be cleaved under acidic reaction conditions, such as e.g. the methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl,
  • the saponification of the acetate can be carried out by treatment with dilute sodium or potassium hydroxide solution or by transesterification with potassium carbonate in methanol.
  • An alternative would also be a reduction with modified aluminum hydrides such as diisobutyl aluminum hydride in an inert solvent such as. B. toluene at -80 ° to 0 ° C.
  • the oxidation of the primary alcohol in B-XVIII to the aldehyde B-XIX takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples include oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine complex, oxidation according to Swern or related methods, e.g. using SO3-pyridine complex or oxalyl chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, using Dess-Martin periodinane, using nitrogen oxides such as e.g. N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide in the presence of suitable catalysts such as e.g. Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in inert solvents. Oxidation according to Swern and with N-methyl-morpholino-N-oxide using tetrapropylammonium perruthenate is preferred.
  • the aldehyde B-XIX is converted to the alkene B-Xlb by the process known to the person skilled in the art using dibromomethylenephosphorane, generated from a mixture of tetrabromomethane in the presence of zinc powder and triphenylphosphine.
  • the dibromoalkene B-Xlb can be converted into the alkyne B-Xla by treatment with two equivalents of base such as butyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide or sodium amide in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
  • base such as butyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide or sodium amide
  • inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
  • B-Xlll Compounds of the general formula B-Xlll are prepared by converting the primary hydroxyl group in B-XVIII into a leaving group X in B-Xlll, where X is a group known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, mesylate, triflate nonaflate, chloride, bromide or can be iodide.
  • X is a group known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, mesylate, triflate nonaflate, chloride, bromide or can be iodide.
  • sulfonates alcohol B- XVIII with the corresponding sulfonyl chloride or the.
  • halides can be obtained either by means of a Finkelstein reaction from the corresponding sulfonates with alkali halides in acetone or by reaction with iodine or CCI4.
  • CBr4 or correspondingly substituted ethanes or ethenes in the presence of triphenylphosphine or else bis (diphenylphosphinoethane) and imidazole can be obtained in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or methylene chloride.
  • the corresponding building block B-XVIII can also be synthesized starting from the commercially available (S) - or (R) -3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid methyl ester.
  • Preferred protective groups are those which can be cleaved under acidic reaction conditions, such as e.g. the methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl,
  • the tetrahydropyranyl radical is particularly preferred.
  • the ester in B-XXI is reduced to alcohol B-XXII.
  • Suitable reducing agents are the reducing agents known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, aluminum hydrides such as, for example, lithium aluminum hydride or diisobutyl aluminum hydride.
  • the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, toluene.
  • the substances of formula B-VI, where G is the group represents, can be produced from inexpensive, inexpensive available malic acid in an efficient manner with high optical purity (> 99, ⁇ % ee).
  • Preferred protective groups are those which can be cleaved under the action of fluoride, but are stable under weakly acidic reaction conditions, such as e.g. the tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl or triisopropylsilyl radical.
  • Step v (B-XXIV ⁇ B-XXV): Lactone B-XXIV is reduced to lactol B-XXV by the methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Reactivity modified aluminum hydrides such as diisobutylaluminum hydride are suitable as reducing agents.
  • the reaction takes place in an inert solvent such as toluene, preferably at low temperatures (-20 to -100 ° C).
  • the secondary hydroxy group is then optionally also protected by known methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Protecting groups PG are the protective groups known to the person skilled in the art, as already mentioned above for PG 4 in step a (A-II - »A-III).
  • Preferred protective groups are those which can be cleaved selectively in the presence of the protective group PG10 under weakly acidic reaction conditions, e.g. the
  • Trimethylsilyl triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl residue.
  • the tert-butyldimethylsilyl radical is particularly preferred.
  • the oxidation of the secondary alcohol in B-XXVII to the ketone B-XXVIII takes place according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples include oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, chromium trioxide-pyridine complex, oxidation by Swern or related methods, for example using oxalyl chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, the use of Dess-Martin periodinane, the use of nitrogen oxides such as N-methyl morpholino-N-oxide in the presence suitable catalysts such as tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in inert solvents. Swern oxidation is preferred.
  • the ketone is prepared according to methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example using an alcohol HOR19 or a C2-C-
  • the protective group PG introduced under x is now selectively cleaved in the presence of PG ' O by the processes known to the person skilled in the art. If the protective group can be split off with acid, the cleavage is preferably carried out under weakly acidic conditions, such as, for example, by reaction with dilute organic acids in inert solvents. Acetic acid is preferred.
  • Step a (A + B ⁇ AB):
  • the compound B is with the enolate of a carbonyl compound of the general formula
  • the enolate is formed by the action of strong bases such as e.g.
  • the compounds AB in which R ⁇ 3 represents a carboxylic acid CO2H and L 'represents a hydroxy group, are converted according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art for the formation of large macrolides to give compounds of the formula I in which Y has the meaning of an oxygen atom.
  • the method described in "Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Vol. 16, p 3 ⁇ 3" is preferred using 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid chloride and suitable bases such as, for example, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and sodium hydride.
  • the compounds AB in which RI 3 represents a group CH2OH and L 'represents a hydroxyl group, can preferably be used using triphenylphosphine and
  • R 13 represents a group CH2 ⁇ S ⁇ 2alkyl or CH2OSO2A17I or CH2 ⁇ S ⁇ 2Aralkyl and L 'represents a hydroxy group
  • the compounds AB in which RI 3 is a carboxylic acid CO2H and L 'is an azide, are first set according to the methods known to those skilled in the art for the formation of amines from azides, for example with triphenylphosphine in the presence or by later addition of water, or by others reductive methods such as tin (II) chloride in methanol.
  • R 22 is not hydrogen, the corresponding alkyl radical can optionally be introduced by reductive amination.
  • the cyclization to the large lactam ring of the formula I, in which L has the meaning NR 22 and Y has the meaning of an oxygen atom, can be carried out, for example, by reaction with diphenylphosphoryl azide while adding base an inert solvent such as the combination of sodium bicarbonate in dimethylformamide.
  • the compounds AB in which R ⁇ 3 represents a group CH2OH and U an azide, are first set according to the methods known to those skilled in the art for the formation of amines from azides, for example with triphenylphosphine in the presence of water, or by other reductive methods such as, for example Tin (II) chloride in methanol.
  • R 22 is not hydrogen
  • the corresponding alkyl radical can optionally be introduced by reductive amination.
  • the cyclization can take place after oxidation of the primary hydroxyl group to the corresponding aldehyde followed by a further reductive amination, which then gives compounds of the formula I in which L has the meaning NR 22 and Y has the meaning of two hydrogen atoms.
  • Free hydroxyl groups in I, A, B, AB can by etherification or esterification, free
  • Double bonds can be further functionally modified by hydrogenation or oxidation.
  • the invention relates to all stereoisomers of these compounds and also theirs
  • the invention further relates to all prodrug formulations of these compounds, i.e. all compounds which release a bioactive active ingredient component of the general formula I in vivo.
  • the new compounds of formula I are valuable pharmaceuticals. They interact with tubulin by stabilizing formed microtubules and are therefore able to influence cell division in a phase-specific manner. This especially affects fast growing, neoplastic cells, the growth of which is largely unaffected by intercellular control mechanisms.
  • active substances of this type are suitable for the treatment of malignant tumors. Areas of application include the therapy of ovarian, stomach, colon, adeno, breast, lung, head and neck carcinomas, malignant melanoma, acute lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia.
  • the compounds according to the invention are suitable in principle for anti-angiogenesis therapy and for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as, for example, psoriasis or arthritis.
  • chronic inflammatory diseases such as, for example, psoriasis or arthritis.
  • they can in principle be applied or incorporated into the polymeric materials used for this.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be used alone or to achieve additive or synergistic effects in combination with other principles and substance classes which can be used in tumor therapy. Examples include the combination with -> platinum complexes such as cisplatin, carboplatin, -> intercalating substances, for example from the class of anthracyclines, such as
  • Taxotere or from the macrolide class such as Rhizoxin or others
  • Analogs ⁇ DNA topoisomerase inhibitors such as e.g. Camptothecin, etoposide, topotecan,
  • Teniposide, ⁇ folate or pyrimidine antimetabolites such as e.g. Lometrexol, gemcitubin, -> DNA alkylating compounds such as Adozelesin, dystamycin A, ⁇ inhibitors of growth factors (e.g. PDGF, EGF, TGFb, EGF) such as e.g.
  • Somatostatin Somatostatin, suramin, bombesin antagonists, inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase or protein kinases A or C such as e.g.
  • Antiandrogens such as Cyproterone acetate, ⁇ metastasis inhibiting compounds e.g. from the class of eicosanoids such as PGI2, PGE-
  • Cicaprost, misoprostol ⁇ Inhibitors of oncogenic RAS proteins that influence mitotic signal transduction, such as inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase, natural or artificially produced antibodies that act against factors or their
  • Receptors that promote tumor growth are directed, such as the erbB2 antibody.
  • the invention also relates to pharmaceuticals based on the pharmaceutically acceptable, i.e. in the doses used, non-toxic compounds of the general formula I, if appropriate together with the customary auxiliaries and carriers.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be encapsulated with liposomes or enclosed in a -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin clathrate.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be processed into pharmaceutical preparations for enteral, percutaneous, parenteral or local application according to known galenical methods. They can be administered in the form of tablets, dragees, gel capsules, granules, suppositories, implants, injectable sterile aqueous or oily solutions, suspensions or emulsions, ointments, creams and gels.
  • the active ingredient (s) can be combined with the auxiliary agents commonly used in galenics, e.g. Gum arabic, talc, starch, mannitol, methyl cellulose, lactose, surfactants such as tweens or myrj, magnesium stearate, aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, paraffin derivatives, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, preserving agents and flavoring agents for flavor correction (e.g. essential oils).
  • auxiliary agents commonly used in galenics e.g. Gum arabic, talc, starch, mannitol, methyl cellulose, lactose, surfactants such as tweens or myrj, magnesium stearate, aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, paraffin derivatives, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, preserving agents and flavoring agents for flavor correction (e.g. essential oils).
  • the invention thus also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which contain at least one compound according to the invention as active ingredient.
  • One dose unit contains about 0.1-100 mg of active ingredient (s).
  • the dosage of the compounds according to the invention in humans is about 0.1-1000 mg per day.
  • Example 1f The solution of ⁇ 70 mg (1.55 mmol) of the compound shown in Example 1f is reacted analogously to Example 1e and, after workup and purification, 410 mg (1.06 mmol, 68%) of the title compound is isolated as a colorless oil.
  • Triethylamine is added, the mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration and removal of solvent, the residue is chromatographed on fine silica gel with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. ⁇ , ⁇ 2 g (12.9 mmol, 89%) of the title compound are isolated as a colorless oil.
  • Example 1i shown compound in ⁇ , 7 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane and stirred for 0, ⁇ hours. Then 0.6 ⁇ ml of triethylamine is added, the mixture is left to react at -30 ° C. for 1 hour and n-hexane and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution are added.
  • the organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted several times with n-hexane, the combined organic extracts are washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The after filtration and removal of the solvent residue, the reaction is continued without purification.
  • camphor-10-sulfonic acid 40 mg are added to a solution of 16 ⁇ mg of the title compound prepared under 1ac in 2.7 ml of a 1: 1 mixture of methylene chloride and methanol at 0 ° C., and the mixture is stirred for 3 ⁇ hours at this temperature. After adding 0, ⁇ ml of triethylamine, the mixture is stirred for ⁇ minutes and then added to 20 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture is extracted three times with 30 ml of methylene chloride and then the combined organic phases are washed twice with 10 ml of semi-saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated after filtration in vacuo.
  • 0.24 ml of HF / pyridine is added to a solution of 24 mg of the title compound prepared in 2, ⁇ ml of tetrahydrofuran at 23 ° C. and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at this temperature. After adding a further amount of 0.24 ml HF / pyridine, the mixture is then stirred for a further 18 hours at this temperature. This mixture is then added to 10 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and diluted with 30 ml of water. It is extracted three times with 30 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed once with 10 ml of semi-saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and, after filtration, concentrated in vacuo.
  • reaction mixture is poured onto ⁇ O ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted three times with 300 ml of ether each time.
  • the combined organic phases are washed twice with ⁇ O ml of semi-saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and, after filtration, concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue thus obtained is purified by column chromatography on silica gel.
  • Example 1ab 186 mg of the title compound are obtained as a colorless oil from 226 mg (0.336 mmol) of the compound prepared under 2e.
  • 1 H NMR (CDCI3): ⁇ 0.00 (3H), 0.06 (3H), 0.89 (9H), 0.97 (3H), 1.09 (3H), 1.12 (3H) ), 1, 24 (3H), 1.2-1.9 (3H), 1, 99 (3H), 2.38 (2H), 2.71 (3H), 2.86 (1H), 3.25 (1H ), 3.38 -3.70 (6H), 3.87 (2H), 3.97-4.25 (3H), ⁇ , 89 (1H), 6.47 (1H), 6.9 ⁇ (1H) ppm.
  • Example 1af 108 mg of the title compound is obtained as a colorless oil from 15 ⁇ mg (0.177 mmol) of the compound prepared under 2i.
  • 1 H NMR (CDCI3); ⁇ 0.00-0.12 (12H), 0.82-0.92 (18H), 0.99 (3H), 1, 07 (3H), 1, 17 (3H), 1, 20 (3H ), 2.00 (3H), 1, 2-2.52 (6H), 2.72 (3H), 3.18 (1H), 3.30 (1 H), 3, ⁇ 8 (1 H), 3.8 ⁇ (1H), 4.10 (1H), 4.10-4.23 (1H), 4.30 (1H), 4.42 (1H), ⁇ , 94 (1H), 6 , 69 (1H), 6.96 (1H) ppm.

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  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne de nouveaux dérivés d'épothilone de formule générale (I) dans laquelle R<5> désigne un atome d'halogène ou un groupe cyano et les autres substituants ont les significations mentionnées dans la description. Ces nouveaux composés entrent en interaction avec la tubuline, du fait qu'ils stabilisent les microtubules formés. Ces composés sont en mesure d'influer de manière spécifique aux phases, sur la séparation cellulaire et s'utilisent pour traiter des tumeurs, par exemple des carcinomes des ovaires, de l'estomac, du côlon, des adénocarcinomes, des carcinomes mammaires, pulmonaires, des carcinomes de la tête et de la nuque, le mélanome malin, la leucémie lymphocytaire et myélocytaire aiguë. Ces composés s'utilisent également en thérapie anti-angiogenèse, ainsi que pour traiter des affections inflammatoires chroniques (psoriasis, arthrite). Afin d'éviter des proliférations cellulaires incontrôlées sur des implants médicaux et de rendre lesdits implants mieux tolérés, ces composés peuvent être appliqués ou introduits sur/dans des matières polymères. Ces composés peuvent s'utiliser seuls ou en combinaison avec d'autres principes et catégories de substances utilisables en thérapie tumorale, afin d'obtenir des effets supplémentaires ou synergiques.
EP01936262A 2000-04-19 2001-04-19 Nouveaux derives d'epothilone, procede permettant de les preparer et leur utilisation pharmaceutique Withdrawn EP1276740A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10020517 2000-04-19
DE10020517A DE10020517A1 (de) 2000-04-19 2000-04-19 Neue Epothilon-Derivate, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre pharmazeutische Verwendung
PCT/EP2001/004552 WO2001081342A2 (fr) 2000-04-19 2001-04-19 Nouveaux derives d'epothilone, procede permettant de les preparer et leur utilisation pharmaceutique

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EP1276740A2 true EP1276740A2 (fr) 2003-01-22

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US (1) US20040058969A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1276740A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003531207A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001262221A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10020517A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20025029D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001081342A2 (fr)

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PL349863A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2002-09-23 Schering Ag 16-halogen-epothilone derivatives, method for producing them and their pharmaceutical use
US20020058286A1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2002-05-16 Danishefsky Samuel J. Synthesis of epothilones, intermediates thereto and analogues thereof
EP1340498A1 (fr) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-03 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'épothilones dans le traitement de maladies du cerveau associées aux processus de prolifération
AU2003218107A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-29 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company C12-cyano epothilone derivatives
CN101816792A (zh) * 2002-06-10 2010-09-01 诺瓦提斯公司 包含埃坡霉素的组合及其药学用途
US7649006B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2010-01-19 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Synthesis of epothilones, intermediates thereto and analogues thereof
ATE350383T1 (de) 2002-08-23 2007-01-15 Sloan Kettering Inst Cancer Synthese von epothilonen, zwischenprodukte dafür, analoga und deren verwendungen
MXPA05003513A (es) * 2002-10-04 2005-06-03 Pharmacia Corp Composiciones farmaceuticas para tratamiento de enfermedad de parkinson.
WO2006017761A2 (fr) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-16 Emory University Analogues d'epothilone en tant qu'agents therapeutiques
US20060121511A1 (en) 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Hyerim Lee Biomarkers and methods for determining sensitivity to microtubule-stabilizing agents
EP1674098A1 (fr) 2004-12-23 2006-06-28 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Formulations parenterales stables et tolérables des substances de haut réactivité ayant une solubilité basse ou inexistante dans l'eau
EP2634252B1 (fr) 2005-02-11 2018-12-19 University of Southern California Procédé d'expression de protéines avec des ponts disulfures
WO2007130501A2 (fr) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-15 University Of Southern California Polythérapie pour traiter le cancer
EP2065054A1 (fr) 2007-11-29 2009-06-03 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Combinaisons comprenant une prostaglandine et leurs utilisations
EP2070521A1 (fr) 2007-12-10 2009-06-17 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Nanoparticules à surface modifiée
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WO2010056901A2 (fr) 2008-11-13 2010-05-20 University Of Southern California Procédé d'expression de protéines avec ponts disulfure avec des rendements et une activité améliorés
EP2210584A1 (fr) 2009-01-27 2010-07-28 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Composition polymère stable comprenant un copolymère séquencé d'épothilone et amphiphile
CA2858806A1 (fr) 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Innate Pharma Conjugaison enzymatique de polypeptides
EP2872894B1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2019-04-17 Innate Pharma Criblage d'anticorps conjugués
EP3564259A3 (fr) 2012-11-09 2020-02-12 Innate Pharma Étiquettes de reconnaissance pour la conjugaison à médiation par la tgase
US10611824B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-04-07 Innate Pharma Solid phase TGase-mediated conjugation of antibodies
EP3010547B1 (fr) 2013-06-20 2021-04-21 Innate Pharma Conjugaison enzymatique de polypeptides
CA2914189C (fr) 2013-06-21 2023-03-14 Innate Pharma Conjugaison enzymatique de polypeptides
WO2019092148A1 (fr) 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Innate Pharma Anticorps avec des résidus de glutamine fonctionnalisés

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WO2001081342A2 (fr) 2001-11-01
JP2003531207A (ja) 2003-10-21
NO20025029L (no) 2002-10-18
DE10020517A1 (de) 2001-10-25
US20040058969A1 (en) 2004-03-25
NO20025029D0 (no) 2002-10-18
WO2001081342A3 (fr) 2002-05-10
AU2001262221A1 (en) 2001-11-07

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