EP1275931B1 - Dispositif d'allumage pour microcharges pyrotechniques - Google Patents

Dispositif d'allumage pour microcharges pyrotechniques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1275931B1
EP1275931B1 EP02291677A EP02291677A EP1275931B1 EP 1275931 B1 EP1275931 B1 EP 1275931B1 EP 02291677 A EP02291677 A EP 02291677A EP 02291677 A EP02291677 A EP 02291677A EP 1275931 B1 EP1275931 B1 EP 1275931B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic charge
ignition device
ink
charge
pyrotechnic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02291677A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1275931A1 (fr
Inventor
Denis Roller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
SNPE Materiaux Energetiques SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1275931A1 publication Critical patent/EP1275931A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/085—Primers for caseless ammunition

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of pyrotechnic charge ignition devices, and more especially those involving a heating device.
  • the ignition devices according to the invention are particularly suitable for small pyrotechnic charges such as, for example, those which are involved in microvalves or micropumps and which are described in patent FR 2 774 684. These small pyrotechnic charges can also be found in other areas of application such as micro-propulsion for positioning satellites, fuel cells, or micro-heaters.
  • the pyrotechnic charge ignition devices comprising a heating device already exist and have been the subject of numerous patents.
  • One of the most commonly used is the device involving a conventional heating resistive element, such as a hot wire powered by an electric current.
  • a conductive fluid directly on the pyrotechnic charge.
  • Conductive fluid means materials such as conductive ink, paint or varnish.
  • the ignition device according to the invention remains effective at low energy, without causing particular damage to parts or walls constituting the immediate environment of the load.
  • the object of the present invention relates to a device for igniting a solid pyrotechnic charge, comprising a conductive track consisting of a conductive fluid deposited at least partially on the pyrotechnic charge, so that the ignition device is closely related to the pyrotechnic charge and remains completely independent of the immediate environment of said charge.
  • the application contemplates a device according to the features of claim 1.
  • the conductive fluid is deposited by screen printing.
  • the conductive fluid is a conductive ink and the conductive track is made by jet of said ink.
  • the pyrotechnic charge is deposited on a solid support and the conductive track is in contact only with said charge.
  • the support comprises a cavity and the pyrotechnic charge, which is in the form of a film, covers said cavity.
  • the pyrotechnic charge is based on nitrocellulose.
  • the cavity constitutes a free space between the pyrotechnic charge and the support, further reducing any conductive heat exchange between these two elements.
  • This configuration is particularly adapted to objects of very small size not exceeding a few millimeters, since at these orders of magnitude, the pyrotechnic charge may be deposited on the cavity in the form of a drop which will spread out thanks to the film forming capacity of said charge.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a device for igniting a pyrotechnic charge, characterized in that the deposition of the conductive fluid is carried out directly on the pyrotechnic charge.
  • the deposit is made by screen printing.
  • the conductive fluid is a conductive ink and the deposit is made by jet of said ink.
  • the ignition devices according to the invention have the advantage of being able to be manufactured in large series thanks to their great simplicity of implementation. In addition, they grant a great flexibility of use depending on the characteristics of the pyrotechnic charge, whether in terms of its composition or its geometry. Indeed, depending on the texture of the load, the conductive fluid may be thicker or thicker and depending on the type of ignition desired, the conductive track may take a particular shape and be more or less spread. Finally, the pyrotechnic charge and the conductive track form a monobloc and autonomous assembly, which can be integrated as is in a pre-existing microcircuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an ignition device according to the invention for a support presenting a cavity.
  • FIG. 2 is a view from above of the ignition device of FIG. 1.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 1 which contains nitrocellulose is deposited on a cylindrical cavity 4 of 1.5mm in diameter, hollowed in a support 3 of polycarbonate.
  • the charge 1 is found in the form of a discoid film whose thickness of 5 .mu.m could be between 1 and 100 .mu.m.
  • the conductive track 2 results from the deposition of an ink jet conductive ink directly on the load 1 and, ideally, said load 1 which completely covers the cavity 4, is inserted between the support 3 and said track 2.
  • the track conductive 2 has the shape of a thin strip of a few microns thick, passing through the load 1 according to one of its diameters. Such a configuration makes it possible to minimize thermal losses by conduction through the support 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Description

  • Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des dispositifs d'allumage de charges pyrotechniques, et plus spécialement ceux faisant intervenir un dispositif chauffant. Les dispositifs d'allumage selon l'invention sont particulièrement adaptés aux charges pyrotechniques de petite taille comme, par exemple, celles qui sont impliquées dans les microvannes ou micropompes et qui sont décrites dans le brevet FR 2 774 684. Ces charges pyrotechniques de petite taille peuvent également se retrouver dans d'autres domaines d'application tels que la micro-propulsion pour le positionnement de satellites, les piles à combustibles, ou les micro-réchauffeurs.
  • Ces types de dispositifs d'allumage ont déjà fait l'objet de brevets. On peut citer le brevet US 4213392 qui décrit un obus pouvant être initié au moyen d'un dispositif d'allumage électrique faisant intervenir une couche semi conductrice déposée sur une couche de matériau pyrotechnique ce document couvre les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1. Le courant électrique chauffe la couche semi conductrice qui initie la couche pyrotechnique par transfert de chaleur. Le brevet EP 0949479, quant à lui, se rapporte à un initiateur comprenant une couche semi conductrice, un support et une couche d'isolation thermique, ladite couche d'isolation étant constituée par une cavité creusée dans le matériau support.
  • Les dispositifs d'allumage de charges pyrotechniques comprenant un dispositif chauffant existent déjà et ont fait l'objet de nombreux brevets. L'un des plus couramment utilisés est le dispositif impliquant un élément résistif chauffant conventionnel, comme un fil chaud alimenté par un courant électrique. Mais actuellement, il n'existe pas de dispositifs d'allumage réalisés à partir du dépôt d'un fluide conducteur directement sur la charge pyrotechnique. Il faut entendre par fluide conducteur des matériaux tels que encre conductrice, peinture ou vernis.
  • L'un des problèmes rencontrés lors de l'allumage de charges pyrotechniques de petite taille est celui lié aux pertes thermiques par conduction. En effet, les charges et le fil chaud sont généralement au contact d'un support solide et une partie de la chaleur dégagée par le fil, est dissipée dans le support, rendant difficile voire impossible l'allumage desdites charges. La fourniture d'un surcroît d'énergie est alors requise, avec pour conséquence, un réchauffement significatif du support, non systématiquement recherché.
  • Le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention reste efficace à faible énergie, sans entraîner de dommages particuliers aux pièces ou parois constituant l'environnement immédiat de la charge.
  • L'objet de la présente invention concerne un dispositif d'allumage d'une charge pyrotechnique solide, comprenant une piste conductrice constituée par un fluide conducteur déposé au moins partiellement sur la charge pyrotechnique, en sorte que le dispositif d'allumage est intimement lié à la charge pyrotechnique et demeure totalement indépendant de l'environnement immédiat de ladite charge.
  • La demande envisage un dispositif suivant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1.
  • Selon un premier mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention le fluide conducteur est déposé par sérigraphie.
  • Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le fluide conducteur est une encre conductrice et la piste conductrice est réalisée par jet de ladite encre. Ces deux techniques sont largement éprouvées dans le domaine de la microélectronique et notamment dans l'élaboration de microcircuits conducteurs. Avantageusement, la charge pyrotechnique est déposée sur un support solide et la piste conductrice n'est au contact que de ladite charge. Ainsi, toute l'énergie dissipée par effet joule est intégralement transmise à la charge pyrotechnique sans échanges thermiques avec le support. De façon préférentielle, le support comporte une cavité et la charge pyrotechnique, qui se présente sous la forme d'un film, recouvre ladite cavité. Préférentiellement, la charge pyrotechnique est à base de nitrocellulose. La cavité constitue un espace libre entre la charge pyrotechnique et le support, réduisant encore un peu plus tout échange thermique par conduction entre ces deux éléments. Cette configuration est particulièrement adaptée aux objets de très petite taille n'excédant pas quelques millimètres, puisqu'à ces ordres de grandeur, la charge pyrotechnique peut être déposée sur la cavité sous la forme d'une goutte qui va s'étaler grâce à la capacité filmogène de ladite charge.
  • L'invention porte également sur un procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif d'allumage d'une charge pyrotechnique, caractérisé en ce que le dépôt du fluide conducteur est réalisé directement sur la charge pyrotechnique. Selon un premier mode de réalisation préféré du procédé selon l'invention, le dépôt est réalisé par sérigraphie. Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préféré du procédé selon l'invention, le fluide conducteur est une encre conductrice et le dépôt est réalisé par jet de ladite encre.
  • Les dispositifs d'allumage selon l'invention présentent l'avantage de pouvoir être fabriqués en grande série grâce à leur grande simplicité de mise en oeuvre. De plus, ils octroient une grande souplesse d'utilisation en fonction des caractéristiques de la charge pyrotechnique, que ce soit au niveau de sa composition ou au niveau de sa géométrie. En effet, en fonction de la texture de la charge, le fluide conducteur peut être plus ou moins épais et suivant le type d'allumage recherché, la piste conductrice peut revêtir une forme particulière et être plus ou moins étalée. Enfin, la charge pyrotechnique et la piste conductrice forment un ensemble monobloc et autonome, qui peut être intégré tel quel dans un microcircuit préexistant.
  • On donne ci-après la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation préféré d'un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention en se référant aux figures 1 et 2.
  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention pour un support présentant une cavité.
  • La figure 2 est une vue du dessus du dispositif d'allumage de la figure 1.
  • En se référant aux figures 1 et 2, la charge pyrotechnique 1, qui contient de la nitrocellulose est déposée sur une cavité 4 cylindrique de 1,5mm de diamètre, creusée dans un support 3 en polycarbonate. La charge 1 se retrouve sous la forme d'un film discoïdal dont l'épaisseur de 5µm pourrait être comprise entre 1 et 100µm. La piste conductrice 2 résulte du dépôt d'une encre conductrice par jet d'encre directement sur la charge 1 et, idéalement, ladite charge 1 qui recouvre intégralement la cavité 4, s'insère entre le support 3 et ladite piste 2. La piste conductrice 2 a la forme d'une fine lamelle de quelques µm d'épaisseur, traversant la charge 1 selon l'un de ses diamètres. Une telle configuration permet de minimiser les pertes thermiques par conduction à travers le support 3.
  • Le mode de fonctionnement de ce type d'allumage reste conventionnel. Un courant électrique est délivré dans la piste conductrice 2 qui s'élève aussitôt en température. La chaleur ainsi libérée par effet joule est directement transmise à la charge 1 qui s'enflamme et génère des gaz pouvant actionner des micropyromécanismes.

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif d'allumage d'une charge pyrotechnique (1) solide, comprenant, une piste conductrice (2) constituée par un fluide conducteur déposé au moins partiellement sur la charge pyrotechnique (1), caractérisé en ce que ladite charge pyrotechnique (1) est déposée sur un support (3) solide et recouvre une cavité (4) de ce support (3).
  2. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fluide conducteur est déposé par sérigraphie.
  3. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fluide conducteur est une encre conductrice et la piste conductrice (2) est réalisée par jet de ladite encre.
  4. Dispositif d'allumage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la piste conductrice (2) n'est au contact que de la charge pyrotechnique (1).
  5. Dispositif d'allumage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la charge pyrotechnique (1) se présente sous la forme d'un film.
  6. Dispositif d'allumage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la charge pyrotechnique (1) est à base de nitrocellulose.
  7. Procédé de réalisation d'un dispositif d'allumage d'une charge pyrotechnique, conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dépôt du fluide conducteur est réalisé directement sur la charge pyrotechnique.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le dépôt est réalisé par sérigraphie.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le fluide conducteur est une encre conductrice et le dépôt est réalisé par jet de ladite encre.
EP02291677A 2001-07-13 2002-07-05 Dispositif d'allumage pour microcharges pyrotechniques Expired - Lifetime EP1275931B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0109376 2001-07-13
FR0109376A FR2827377B1 (fr) 2001-07-13 2001-07-13 Dispositif d'allumage pour microcharges pyrotechniques

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EP1275931A1 EP1275931A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
EP1275931B1 true EP1275931B1 (fr) 2006-07-05

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US (1) US6666140B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1275931B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3679386B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE332486T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60212905T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2266424T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2827377B1 (fr)

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FR2774684B1 (fr) 1998-02-10 2000-03-03 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Nouveaux materiaux pyrotechniques non detonables pour microsystemes
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2827377B1 (fr) 2003-12-05
JP3679386B2 (ja) 2005-08-03
ATE332486T1 (de) 2006-07-15
JP2003050100A (ja) 2003-02-21
US20030010243A1 (en) 2003-01-16
EP1275931A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
DE60212905D1 (de) 2006-08-17
ES2266424T3 (es) 2007-03-01
US6666140B2 (en) 2003-12-23
FR2827377A1 (fr) 2003-01-17
DE60212905T2 (de) 2007-01-25

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