EP1273743B1 - Pneumatic wall construction - Google Patents

Pneumatic wall construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1273743B1
EP1273743B1 EP01116311A EP01116311A EP1273743B1 EP 1273743 B1 EP1273743 B1 EP 1273743B1 EP 01116311 A EP01116311 A EP 01116311A EP 01116311 A EP01116311 A EP 01116311A EP 1273743 B1 EP1273743 B1 EP 1273743B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall construction
pneumatic
layer
tent
construction according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01116311A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1273743A1 (en
Inventor
Albert Fritzsche
Peter Geiselhart
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority to AT01116311T priority Critical patent/ATE373155T1/en
Priority to EP01116311A priority patent/EP1273743B1/en
Priority to DE50113005T priority patent/DE50113005D1/en
Priority to US09/910,947 priority patent/US6598613B2/en
Publication of EP1273743A1 publication Critical patent/EP1273743A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1273743B1 publication Critical patent/EP1273743B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/201—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable tubular framework, with or without tent cover
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/206—Details of inflation devices, e.g. valves, connections to fluid pressure source

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic wall construction, in particular for worldwide use, even under extreme climatic conditions, and with high demands on mobility.
  • a wall construction can be used in particular as an extension to existing shelters with solid walls. It is also possible, however, to construct a complete, multi-sided building from such a pneumatic wall construction.
  • Pneumatic air hoses which can additionally be secured by bracing, also serve as support structures for pneumatic structures.
  • FR-A-2 707 687 discloses (see Figure 2) a pneumatic wall construction with all features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the second outer layer of air between the middle and outer tarpaulin communicates with the ambient air both near the ground and in the ridge area by means of air inlet openings and air outlet openings (for example air inlet or air outlet grids).
  • air inlet openings and air outlet openings for example air inlet or air outlet grids.
  • redundant support structure act pressurized support tubes between the middle and outer tent panel.
  • the support tubes can be inflated individually.
  • the middle tent panel with its outwardly facing surface by a suitable metallic coating or vapor deposition in the wavelength range to reflect the heat radiation.
  • the heat transfer compared to the simple tarpaulin is significantly reduced. Even for sunlit areas, the cooling capacity is determined only by the difference between ambient and indoor temperature (and not from the difference between the surface and interior temperature!).
  • a further advantageous measure is to choose the base of the pneumatic building as square as possible and the shape of the building in the vertical cross-section elliptical or similarly curved, so that in the edge region, the interior height just enough and this in the middle not higher than for the sufficient standing height and the attachment of the air distribution is required.
  • the task of shortening the set-up time and reducing the need for personnel is achieved in that after manual unrolling of the building package by means of a preferably programmatically controlled air compressor first the inner bearing segmented air chambers of the inner layer and in the next step the support tubes (filled separately) for Lift off the outer tent panel to be pressurized.
  • the switching of the flow path is triggered by pressure sensors (or in manual mode by a pressure gauge). Likewise, the pressure maintenance or the increase in internal pressures in the case of occurring at high wind speeds side forces.
  • the degradation of the wall construction according to the invention is accelerated by sequential suction of the overpressure.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the pneumatic wall construction according to the invention.
  • the wall construction is here as on three sides (left, right, above) closed structure formed, which extends on the sides down to the ground.
  • the particularly important for extreme plus and minus temperatures of the environment lightweight insulation is inventively formed by a two-layer design of the wall structure (inner layer 5, outer layer 7), wherein the inner layer 5 is bounded by the inner tent panel 1 and the middle tent panel 2 , and the outer layer 7 is bounded by the middle tarpaulin 2 and the outer tarpaulin 3 (the tarpaulins are hereinafter also referred to as foil).
  • the shape of the wall structure above the floor 4 is preferably elliptical or similar to the part of an ellipse (in the vertical longitudinal and cross section), in order to ensure sufficient ground clearance in the edge region, on the other hand the smallest possible outer surface.
  • the chamber 5 with the inner air layer is once divided because of a possible bombardment, on the other hand because of the shape-keeping under pressure by webs 6.
  • the air connection is secured by check valves (not shown).
  • the film distance between film 1 and 2 is measured on the one hand from the required for a given room size pneumatic stiffness, on the other hand from the thermodynamic condition of an optimal for almost vertical air layers insulation, regardless of the temperature of about 50 mm.
  • the outer air layer 7 is connected via air inlet openings 8 near the bottom and outlet openings 9 in the region of the ridge with the environment in connection.
  • the air inlet openings are designed grid-shaped. Near the ground, they extend along at least a portion of the building circumference. The openings can be closed, especially in rain and in winter.
  • an upward convection When heating the outer film 3 is formed in the chamber 7 between the middle film 2 and outer film 3, an upward convection. This heats the rising air due to overheating of the outer film 3 the less, the greater the distance between the films 2 and 3 is selected.
  • the measure of the distance between the film 2 and the film 3 can be obtained from the diameter necessary for the rigidity of the support tubes 20, FIG. 2.
  • a size of 75 to 120 mm corresponds to the preferred range.
  • a bullet resistance for light weapons and against splinters may be desirable. This can be done by covering the outer film 3 with a kinetic energy absorbing fabric, eg Kevlar reinforced.
  • a kinetic energy absorbing fabric eg Kevlar reinforced.
  • the already mentioned pneumatic support tubes 20 are arranged, which serve as additional support structure and as a spacer between the middle film 2 and outer film 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows a wall construction 31 according to the invention connected to a container 30.
  • the wall structure 31 is to be entered through the opening 32 on the container longitudinal wall, preferably the door is designed as a flap 33 and at the same time as a ramp to compensate for the difference in ground heights and can serve as a pallet for packaging the wall construction.
  • the structure of the compressed air supply and control shown in block diagram in FIG. 4 consists of the air compressor 40 with motor 41, which sucks the air through the filter 42.
  • the compressed air passed through the 3/2-way solenoid valve 43 to the valve of the same type 44 and here sequentially to the main support structure, arrow 45, and to the support tubes, arrow 46, passed.
  • the check valves 47, 48 prevent the backflow.
  • the shut-off valve 49 is first opened, then the 3/2-way solenoid valve 43 according to arrow 50 set to blow off, finally with the 3/2 Solenoid 51, the discharge on the paths 46 and 45 initiated.
  • the power supply of the compressed air system takes place from the network of self-sufficient energy system by means of line 52.
  • the controller 53 z.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

The wall has a two-layer construction formed by three flexible tent fabrics (1-3). The inner layer (5), defined by the inner and middle tent fabric layers (1, 2), is inflatable and forms the main supporting structure of the wall. The outer layer (7), defined by the middle and outer tent fabric layers (2, 3) forms a convection space, through which air from the surroundings can flow in an upwards direction, in order to provide high thermal insulation or, in the event of the space inside the wall being cooled, maintain the increased temperature at the outer tent fabric. Inflatable support hoses between the middle and outer tent fabric layers can act as an alternative support structure and as spacer elements.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine pneumatische Wandkonstruktion, insbesondere für den weltweiten Einsatz, auch unter extremen Klimabedingungen, und bei hohen Anforderungen an die Mobilität. Eine derartige Wandkonstruktion kann insbesondere als Anbau an bestehende Shelter mit festen Wänden eingesetzt werden. Möglich ist jedoch auch, ein vollständiges, nach mehreren Seiten geschlossenes Gebäude aus einer solchen pneumatischen Wandkonstruktion zu errichten.The invention relates to a pneumatic wall construction, in particular for worldwide use, even under extreme climatic conditions, and with high demands on mobility. Such a wall construction can be used in particular as an extension to existing shelters with solid walls. It is also possible, however, to construct a complete, multi-sided building from such a pneumatic wall construction.

Pneumatische Bauwerke sind eng mit dem Namen des Architekten Frei Otto verbunden. Eine Übersicht über dessen Wirken findet sich z.B. in M. Kawaguchi: Der umgekehrte Weg, arcus Architektur und Wissenschaft 10 (1990).Pneumatic structures are closely linked to the name of the architect Frei Otto. An overview of its activities can be found e.g. in M. Kawaguchi: The Inverse Path, arcus Architecture and Science 10 (1990).

Als Stützkonstruktion für pneumatische Bauwerke dienen auch druckluftbeaufschlagte Schläuche (Sparren), die zusätzlich durch Verstrebungen gesichert werden können.Pneumatic air hoses (rafters), which can additionally be secured by bracing, also serve as support structures for pneumatic structures.

FR-A-2 707 687 offenbart (siehe Fig.2) eine pneumatische Wandkonstruktion mit allen Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1. FR-A-2 707 687 discloses (see Figure 2) a pneumatic wall construction with all features of the preamble of claim 1.

Die Wärmedurchgangszahlen der genannten pneumatischen Konstruktionen können nur als mäßig bis schlecht bezeichnet werden. Sonnen- und ABC-Schutz würden zusätzlich Abdeckungen erfordern, die ihrerseits die Aufbauzeit verlängerten. Für den Sanitätseinsatz, der an Mobilität, Aufbauzeit und Packungsvolumen hohe Anforderungen stellt, wäre somit ein weiterer beträchtlicher Bedarf an Transportvolumen und -gewicht erforderlich. Als Operationsraum und Intensivstation eingerichtete pneumatische Gebäude müssen neben dem elektrischen Leistungsbedarf der medizinischen Geräte mit klimatisierter Frischluft und der notwendigen Raumtemperatur versorgt werden. Naturgemäß lassen sich die Inbetriebnahmezeiten um so mehr verkürzen, je geringer die Aufbauzeit der Gebäude selbst und der Einrichtung sowie die Inbetriebnahme von Energieversorgung und Klimatisierung sind.The heat transfer rates of said pneumatic structures can only be described as moderate to poor. Sun and ABC protection would also require covers, which in turn would increase the build time. For the medical service, which places high demands on mobility, set-up time and packaging volume, a further considerable need for transport volume and weight would thus be required. As operating room and intensive care unit equipped pneumatic buildings must be supplied in addition to the electrical power requirement of the medical devices with fresh air conditioned and the necessary room temperature. Naturally, the commissioning times can be shortened the more, the smaller the construction time of the building itself and the device and the commissioning of energy supply and air conditioning are.

Diesem Verbesserungsbedarf kann nur nachgekommen werden, wenn der Energiebedarf zur Klimatisierung verringert, also die Wärmedämmung verbessert und der Auf- und Abbauvorgang mindestens teilweise automatisiert wird. Die vorliegende Erfindung beschreibt Lösungsmöglichkeiten, um diese Ziele zu erreichen.This need for improvement can only be met if the energy required for air conditioning is reduced, thus improving the thermal insulation and the assembly and disassembly process is at least partially automated. The present invention describes possible solutions to achieve these goals.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind Gegenstand weiterer Ansprüche.The solution according to the invention is the subject of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of further claims.

Unter Beibehaltung der pneumatischen Konstruktionsprinzipien "luftgestützte Konstruktion" und "aufblasbare Konstruktion (Stützschlauch-Konstruktion)" (Definition siehe M. Kawaguchi a.a.O.) entsteht eine zweischichtiges Wandstruktur aus 3 Zeltbahnen (innere, äußere, mittlere Zeltbahn). Die innere Schicht, vorzugsweise mit einem gegenüber Atmosphärendruck auf etwa 300 Pa erhöhten Druck, bildet die Haupttragstruktur der Wandkonstruktion. Vorteilhaft sind die begrenzenden Zeltbahnen (innere und mittlere Zeltbahn) zur Stabilisierung, Abstandshaltung und Unterdrückung der Konvektionsströmung durch flexible Stege verbunden, die perforiert, mit Löchern versehen oder nur teilweise den Querschnitt versperrend ausgebildet sind. Der mit der Frischluftzufuhr der Klimaanlage gegebene leichte Überdruck im Innenraum unterstützt die Stabilität.While maintaining the pneumatic construction principles "air-supported construction" and "inflatable construction (support hose construction)" (definition see M. Kawaguchi a.a.O.) creates a two-layered wall structure of 3 tent panels (inner, outer, middle tent panel). The inner layer, preferably with a pressure elevated from about atmospheric pressure to about 300 Pa, forms the main support structure of the wall construction. Advantageously, the limiting tent webs (inner and middle tarpaulin) for stabilization, spacing and suppression of the convection flow are connected by flexible webs which are perforated, provided with holes or formed only partially obstructing the cross-section. The slight overpressure in the interior given by the fresh air supply of the air conditioning system promotes stability.

Die zweite, äußere Luftschicht zwischen mittlerer und äußerer Zeltbahn steht sowohl in Bodennähe als auch im Firstbereich durch Lufteintrittsöffnungen und Luftaustrittsöffnungen (z.B. Lufteintritts- oder Luftaustrittsgitter) mit der Umgebungsluft in Verbindung. Erwärmt sich die äußere Zeltbahn aufgrund von Sonneneinstrahlung gegenüber der Umgebungstemperatur, springt eine aufsteigende Konvektionsströmung innerhalb dieser an allen Außenwänden des Gebäudes befindlichen Kammern an.The second outer layer of air between the middle and outer tarpaulin communicates with the ambient air both near the ground and in the ridge area by means of air inlet openings and air outlet openings (for example air inlet or air outlet grids). When the outer tarpaulin warms up from the ambient temperature due to solar radiation, an ascending convection flow will start up within these chambers located on all outer walls of the building.

Als Abstandshalter und gleichzeitig als zweite, redundante Tragstruktur wirken druckbeaufschlagte Stützschläuche zwischen der mittleren und äußeren Zeltbahn. Die Stützschläuche können einzeln aufgeblasen werden.As a spacer and at the same time as a second, redundant support structure act pressurized support tubes between the middle and outer tent panel. The support tubes can be inflated individually.

Um im Falle erwarteter hoher Sonneneinstrahlung die Wärmeübertragung von der bestrahlten äußeren Zeltbahn, olivgrün für den militärischen Einsatz, in den Innenraum deutlich zu begrenzen, kann es zweckmäßig sein, die mittlere Zeltbahn mit ihrer nach außen gewandten Oberfläche durch eine geeignete metallische Beschichtung oder Bedampfung im Wellenlängenbereich der Wärmestrahlung zu verspiegeln.In order to significantly limit the heat transfer from the irradiated outer tent panel, olive green for military use, in the interior in the case of expected high solar radiation, it may be expedient, the middle tent panel with its outwardly facing surface by a suitable metallic coating or vapor deposition in the wavelength range to reflect the heat radiation.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion der zweifachen Luftschichten wird der Wärmedurchgang gegenüber der einfachen Zeltbahn deutlich verringert. Auch für sonnenbestrahlte Flächen bestimmt sich die Kühlleistung nur aus der Differenz von Umgebungs- und Innenraumtemperatur (und nicht aus der Differenz von Oberflächen- und Innenraumtemperatur!).With the construction according to the invention of the double air layers, the heat transfer compared to the simple tarpaulin is significantly reduced. Even for sunlit areas, the cooling capacity is determined only by the difference between ambient and indoor temperature (and not from the difference between the surface and interior temperature!).

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme ist, die Grundfläche des pneumatischen Gebäudes möglichst quadratisch und die Form des Gebäudes im senkrechten Querschnitt elliptisch oder in ähnlicher Weise gekrümmt zu wählen, so dass im Randbereich die Innenraumhöhe gerade ausreichend und diese in der Mitte nicht höher als für die ausreichende Stehhöhe und die Befestigung der Luftverteilung erforderlich ist.A further advantageous measure is to choose the base of the pneumatic building as square as possible and the shape of the building in the vertical cross-section elliptical or similarly curved, so that in the edge region, the interior height just enough and this in the middle not higher than for the sufficient standing height and the attachment of the air distribution is required.

Die Aufgabe, die Aufbauzeit zu verkürzen und den Personalbedarf zu verringern, wird dadurch gelöst, dass nach dem manuellen Ausrollen des Gebäudepakets mittels eines vorzugsweise programmgesteuerten Luftverdichters zunächst die inneren tragenden, segmentierten Luftkammern der inneren Schicht und im nächsten Schritt die Stützschläuche (getrennt befüllt) zum Abheben der äußeren Zeltbahn unter Druck gesetzt werden. Die Umschaltung des Strömungsweges wird durch Drucksensoren (oder im Handbetrieb durch eine Druckanzeige) ausgelöst. Ebenso verläuft die Druckhaltung oder die Erhöhung der Innendrücke im Falle von bei hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten auftretenden Seitenkräften.The task of shortening the set-up time and reducing the need for personnel is achieved in that after manual unrolling of the building package by means of a preferably programmatically controlled air compressor first the inner bearing segmented air chambers of the inner layer and in the next step the support tubes (filled separately) for Lift off the outer tent panel to be pressurized. The switching of the flow path is triggered by pressure sensors (or in manual mode by a pressure gauge). Likewise, the pressure maintenance or the increase in internal pressures in the case of occurring at high wind speeds side forces.

Der Abbau der erfindungsgemäßen Wandkonstruktion wird durch sequentielles Absaugen des Überdrucks beschleunigt.The degradation of the wall construction according to the invention is accelerated by sequential suction of the overpressure.

In den folgenden Figuren werden konkrete Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Wandkonstruktion gemäß der Erfindung im Querschnitt,
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt der Wandkonstruktion gemäß der Erfindung im Längsschnitt,
Fig. 3
ein erfindungsgemäße Wandkonstruktion in Verbindung mit einem Shelter,
Fig. 4
das Blockschaltbild der Druckluftversorgung mit den Ventilen zur Umschaltung der Strömungswege.
In the following figures, concrete embodiments of the invention will be described. Show it:
Fig. 1
a wall construction according to the invention in cross-section,
Fig. 2
a section of the wall construction according to the invention in longitudinal section,
Fig. 3
a wall construction according to the invention in connection with a shelter,
Fig. 4
the block diagram of the compressed air supply with the valves for switching the flow paths.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen pneumatischen Wandkonstruktion. Die Wandkonstruktion ist hier als nach drei Seiten (links, rechts, oben) geschlossene Struktur ausgebildet, die sich an den Seiten bis auf den Erdboden erstreckt. Die besonders für extreme Plus- und Minustemperaturen der Umgebung wichtige Leichtbau-Wärmedämmung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine zweischichtige Ausbildung der Wandstruktur gebildet (innere Schicht 5, äußere Schicht 7), wobei die innere Schicht 5 von der inneren Zeltbahn 1 und der mittleren Zeltbahn 2 begrenzt wird, und die äußere Schicht 7 von der mittleren Zeltbahn 2 und der äußeren Zeltbahn 3 begrenzt wird (die Zeltbahnen werden im Folgenden auch als Folie bezeichnet). Die Form der Wandkonstruktion über dem Boden 4 ist vorzugsweise elliptisch oder ähnlich dem Teil einer Ellipse (im vertikalen Längs- und Querschnitt), um im Randbereich ausreichenden Bodenabstand, bei andererseits möglichst geringer Außenoberfläche zu gewährleisten. Die Kammer 5 mit der inneren Luftschicht ist einmal wegen eines möglichen Beschusses, andererseits wegen der Formhaltung unter Überdruck durch Stege 6 aufgeteilt. Die Luftverbindung ist durch Rückschlagventile gesichert (nicht dargestellt). Der Folienabstand zwischen Folie 1 und 2 bemisst sich einerseits aus der bei gegebener Raumgröße erforderlichen pneumatischen Steifigkeit, andererseits aus der thermodynamischen Gegebenheit einer für nahezu senkrechte Luftschichten optimalen Dämmung, unabhängig von der Temperatur, von etwa 50 mm.Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the pneumatic wall construction according to the invention. The wall construction is here as on three sides (left, right, above) closed structure formed, which extends on the sides down to the ground. The particularly important for extreme plus and minus temperatures of the environment lightweight insulation is inventively formed by a two-layer design of the wall structure (inner layer 5, outer layer 7), wherein the inner layer 5 is bounded by the inner tent panel 1 and the middle tent panel 2 , and the outer layer 7 is bounded by the middle tarpaulin 2 and the outer tarpaulin 3 (the tarpaulins are hereinafter also referred to as foil). The shape of the wall structure above the floor 4 is preferably elliptical or similar to the part of an ellipse (in the vertical longitudinal and cross section), in order to ensure sufficient ground clearance in the edge region, on the other hand the smallest possible outer surface. The chamber 5 with the inner air layer is once divided because of a possible bombardment, on the other hand because of the shape-keeping under pressure by webs 6. The air connection is secured by check valves (not shown). The film distance between film 1 and 2 is measured on the one hand from the required for a given room size pneumatic stiffness, on the other hand from the thermodynamic condition of an optimal for almost vertical air layers insulation, regardless of the temperature of about 50 mm.

Die äußere Luftschicht 7 steht über Lufteintrittsöffnungen 8 in Bodennähe und Austrittsöffnungen 9 im Bereich des Firsts mit der Umgebung in Verbindung. Die Lufteintrittsöffnungen sind gitterförmig ausgeführt. In Bodennähe erstrecken sie sich entlang mindestens eines Teilbereichs des Gebäudeumfangs. Die Öffnungen können, insbesondere bei Regen und im Winter, verschlossen werden. Bei Erwärmung der äußeren Folie 3 entsteht in der Kammer 7 zwischen mittlerer Folie 2 und äußerer Folie 3 eine nach oben gerichtete Konvektionsströmung. Diese erwärmt die aufsteigende Luft infolge einer Überhitzung der Außenfolie 3 um so weniger, je größer der Abstand zwischen den Folien 2 und 3 gewählt wird. Damit kann sich das Maß für den Abstand Folie 2 - Folie 3 aus dem für die Steifigkeit der Stützschläuche 20, Fig. 2, notwendigen Durchmesser ergeben. Eine Größe von 75 bis 120 mm entspricht dem bevorzugten Bereich. Für den militärischen Einsatz kann eine Beschussfestigkeit für leichte Waffen und gegen Splitter wünschenswert sein. Dies kann durch Belegen der äußeren Folie 3 mit einem kinetische Energie absorbierenden Gewebe, z.B. mit Kevlar verstärkt, erfolgen. Innerhalb der äußeren Schicht 7 sind die bereits erwähnten pneumatischen Stützschläuche 20 angeordnet, die als zusätzliche Tragestruktur und als Abstandshalter zwischen mittlerer Folie 2 und äußerer Folie 3 dienen.The outer air layer 7 is connected via air inlet openings 8 near the bottom and outlet openings 9 in the region of the ridge with the environment in connection. The air inlet openings are designed grid-shaped. Near the ground, they extend along at least a portion of the building circumference. The openings can be closed, especially in rain and in winter. When heating the outer film 3 is formed in the chamber 7 between the middle film 2 and outer film 3, an upward convection. This heats the rising air due to overheating of the outer film 3 the less, the greater the distance between the films 2 and 3 is selected. Thus, the measure of the distance between the film 2 and the film 3 can be obtained from the diameter necessary for the rigidity of the support tubes 20, FIG. 2. A size of 75 to 120 mm corresponds to the preferred range. For military use, a bullet resistance for light weapons and against splinters may be desirable. This can be done by covering the outer film 3 with a kinetic energy absorbing fabric, eg Kevlar reinforced. Within the outer layer 7, the already mentioned pneumatic support tubes 20 are arranged, which serve as additional support structure and as a spacer between the middle film 2 and outer film 3.

In Fig. 3 ist ein mit einem Container 30 verbundene erfindungsgemäße Wandkonstruktion 31 dargestellt. Die Wandkonstruktion 31 ist durch die Öffnung 32 an der Container-Längswand zu betreten, wobei vorzugsweise die Tür als Klappe 33 und gleichzeitig als Rampe zum Ausgleich des Unterschieds der Bodenhöhen ausgebildet ist und als Palette zum Verpacken der Wandkonstruktion dienen kann.FIG. 3 shows a wall construction 31 according to the invention connected to a container 30. The wall structure 31 is to be entered through the opening 32 on the container longitudinal wall, preferably the door is designed as a flap 33 and at the same time as a ramp to compensate for the difference in ground heights and can serve as a pallet for packaging the wall construction.

Sollte die Wandkonstruktion als Durchgang oder Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Containern vorgesehen sein, so ist auch eine rein zylindrische Konstruktion mit zwei senkrechten Stirnwänden möglich.Should the wall construction be provided as a passage or space between two containers, then a purely cylindrical construction with two vertical end walls is possible.

Um im Falle einer ABC-Bedrohung und im allgemeinen aus hygienischen Gründen den Eintritt evtl. schadstoffbelasteter Außenluft durch Undichtigkeiten des Gebäudes auszuschließen, bilden die innere Folie 1 der Tragstruktur und die mit Bodenplatten 34 abgedeckte Bodenfolie 4 eine durchgehende Hülle des Innenraums 35.In order to exclude the occurrence of pollutant-laden outside air through leaks in the building in the event of an ABC threat and generally for reasons of hygiene, form the inner film 1 of the support structure and covered with bottom plates 34 bottom sheet 4 a continuous shell of the interior 35th

Der in Fig. 4 als Blockschaltbild dargestellte Aufbau der Druckluftversorgung und Ansteuerung besteht aus dem Luftverdichter 40 mit Motor 41, der die Luft durch den Filter 42 ansaugt. Zum Aufblasen der Druckluftkammern wird die verdichtete Luft durch das 3/2-Magnetventil 43 zum Ventil gleicher Bauart 44 geleitet und hier sequentiell zur Haupttragstruktur, Pfeil 45, bzw. zu den Stützschläuchen, Pfeil 46, geleitet. Die Rückschlagventile 47, 48 verhindern die Rückströmung.The structure of the compressed air supply and control shown in block diagram in FIG. 4 consists of the air compressor 40 with motor 41, which sucks the air through the filter 42. To inflate the compressed air chambers, the compressed air passed through the 3/2-way solenoid valve 43 to the valve of the same type 44 and here sequentially to the main support structure, arrow 45, and to the support tubes, arrow 46, passed. The check valves 47, 48 prevent the backflow.

Zum Abbau der pneumatischen Wandstruktion, also zum durch das Absaugen des Luftverdichters 40 beschleunigten Abblasen des Überdrucks und Entleeren der Luftkammern wird zunächst das Absperrventil 49 geöffnet, dann das 3/2-Magnetventil 43 gemäß Pfeil 50 auf Abblasen gestellt, schließlich mit dem 3/2-Magnetventil 51 die Entleerung auf den Wegen 46 und 45 eingeleitet.To reduce the pneumatic wall structure, so accelerated by the suction of the air compressor 40 blowing off the pressure and emptying the air chambers, the shut-off valve 49 is first opened, then the 3/2-way solenoid valve 43 according to arrow 50 set to blow off, finally with the 3/2 Solenoid 51, the discharge on the paths 46 and 45 initiated.

Die Stromversorgung der Druckluftanlage erfolgt aus dem Netz des energieautarken Systems mittels der Leitung 52. Die Steuerung 53, z. B. eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung, erhält manuell den Befehl zur Einleitung des Aufblas- bzw. Abblasvorgangs, die Aufrechterhaltung des Luftdrucks in den Kammern wird durch nicht dargestellte Sensoren überwacht, die mittels der Signalleitungen 54 mit dem Steuergerät 53 in Verbindung stehen.The power supply of the compressed air system takes place from the network of self-sufficient energy system by means of line 52. The controller 53, z. As a programmable logic controller, manually receives the command to initiate the inflation or Abblasvorgangs, the maintenance of the air pressure in the chambers is monitored by sensors, not shown, which are connected by means of the signal lines 54 to the controller 53.

Claims (7)

  1. Pneumatic wall construction with a two-layer wall structure consisting of three flexible tent sheets (1, 2, 3), with the inner layer (5), bounded by the inner (1) and centre (2) tent sheets, being an inflatable layer, characterized in that this inner layer (5) forms the main load-bearing structure of the wall construction, and the outer layer (7), bounded by the centre tent sheet (2) and the outer tent sheet (3), forms a convection space, through which the ambient air can flow in an upwards direction, in order therefore to keep away a high thermal insulation, and if the inner space is cooled, to keep away the elevated temperatures on the outer tent sheet (3), and in that inflatable supporting tubes (20) are present between the centre (2) and outer (3) tent sheets as redundancy for the main load-bearing structure and as spacers.
  2. Pneumatic wall construction according to Claim 1, characterized in that, for the suppression of convection, the inner layer (5) is subdivided by webs (6), which are perforated, provided with holes or are formed to only partially block the cross-section.
  3. Pneumatic wall construction according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the centre tent sheet (2) is provided with a radiant-heat reflecting coating on its outwards-facing side.
  4. Pneumatic wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tent sheet (3) is provided, at least in part, with sealable air inlet openings (8) close to the ground.
  5. Pneumatic wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tent sheet is provided with sealable air outlet openings (9) in the ridge area, so that the air rising within the outer layer (7) can escape.
  6. Pneumatic wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its erection and taking down operations can take place with the sequence of inflation and deflation of the pneumatic elements being carried out under programmed control.
  7. Pneumatic wall construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tent sheet (3) is covered by an energy-absorbing fabric mesh, preferably of Kevlar or Kevlar-reinforced material, as a protection against small-arms fire or fragments or in that the energy-absorbing fabric mesh itself forms the outer tent sheet.
EP01116311A 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Pneumatic wall construction Expired - Lifetime EP1273743B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT01116311T ATE373155T1 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 PNEUMATIC WALL CONSTRUCTION
EP01116311A EP1273743B1 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Pneumatic wall construction
DE50113005T DE50113005D1 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Pneumatic wall construction
US09/910,947 US6598613B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-24 Pneumatic wall structure and a method of making and erecting same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01116311A EP1273743B1 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Pneumatic wall construction
US09/910,947 US6598613B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-24 Pneumatic wall structure and a method of making and erecting same

Publications (2)

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EP1273743A1 EP1273743A1 (en) 2003-01-08
EP1273743B1 true EP1273743B1 (en) 2007-09-12

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US (1) US6598613B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1273743B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE373155T1 (en)

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DE202018000567U1 (en) 2018-02-05 2018-08-13 Bieeri Tenta AG Heat-insulating dropstitch material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030019515A1 (en) 2003-01-30
US6598613B2 (en) 2003-07-29
ATE373155T1 (en) 2007-09-15
EP1273743A1 (en) 2003-01-08

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