Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
  • A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
  • A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with combinations of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor and an anti-tumor podophyllotoxin denvative for inhibiting the growth of tumor cells and useful in the treatment of cancer
• Oncogenes frequently encode protein components of signal transduction pathways which lead to stimulation of cell growth and mitogenesis
• Oncogene expression in cultured cells leads to cellular transformation, charactenzed by the ability of cells to grow in soft agar and the growth of cells as dense foci lacking the contact inhibition exhibited by non-transformed cells
• Mutation and/or overexpression of certain oncogenes is frequently associated with human cancer
• a particular group of oncogenes is known as ras which have been identified in mammals, birds, insects, mollusks, plants, fungi and yeasts
• the family of mammalian ras oncogenes consists of three major members ("isoforms") H-ras, K-ras and N-ras oncogenes
• These ras oncogenes code for highly related proteins genencally known as p21 ra5 Once attached to plasma membranes, the mutant or oncogenic forms of p21 r ⁇ s will provide
• farnesyl transferase inhibitors can be very useful as anticancer agents for tumors in which ras contnbutes to transformation
• R 9 is hydroxy, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, amino, Ci-8alkylamino or C ⁇ _8alkylamino substituted with Ci -6alkyloxycarbonyl;
• R4 and R ⁇ each independently are hydrogen, halo, Ar , C ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxyCi-galkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy, Ci-6alkylthio, amino, hydroxycarbonyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)Ci-6alkyl or Ci-6alkylS(O)2Ci-6alkyl; R6 and R ⁇ each independently are hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy, Arloxy, trihalomethyl, Ci-6alkylthio, di(C ⁇ _6alkyl)amino, or when on adjacent positions R ⁇ and R ⁇ taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula
• R8 is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl,
• RlO is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, Arl, Ar ⁇ Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonylC ⁇ _6alkyl, or a radical or formula -Alk2-ORl3 or -Alk 2 -NR 14 R 15 ;
• R 1 1 is hydrogen, Ci-i2alkyl, Ar* or Ar ⁇ Ci- ⁇ alkyl;
• Rl2 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-i6alkylcarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl,
• R!3 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy-
• Rl4 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Arl or Ar 2 C ⁇ _6alkyl
• Rl5 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, Ar or Ar 2 Ci-6alkyl
• Rl7 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Arl
• R !8 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy or halo
• Rl 9 is hydrogen or Ci-6alkyl
• Arl j s phenyl or phenyl substituted with Ci-6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or halo
• Ar 2 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with Ci-6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, Ci-6alkyloxy or halo.
• WO-97/16443 concerns the preparation, formulation and pharmaceutical properties of farnesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds of formula (IV), as well as intermediates of formula (V) and (VI) that are metabolized in vivo to the compounds of formula (IV).
• the compounds of formulas (IV), (V) and (VI) are represented by
• R 9 is hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-galkyloxy, amino, Ci-8alkylamino or Ci-8alkylamino substituted with C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl;
• R 2 and R 3 each independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, Ci-6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyloxy, Ci-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkyloxy, amino- C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, mono- or di(Ci-6alkyl)aminoCi-6alkyloxy, Arl, Ar Ci-6alkyl,
• Ar oxy, Ar 2 Ci-6alkyloxy, hydroxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethoxy, C2-6alkenyl; or when on adjacent positions R 2 and R 3 taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula - -OO--CCHH72--OO-- (a-1), -O-CH2-CH2-O- (a-2),
• R 4 and R , 5 5 each independently are hydrogen, Ar 1 , C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxyC]. 6 alkyl,
• R6 and R ⁇ each independently are hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or Ar 2 oxy;
• R8 IS hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyl- carbonylCi-6alkyl, cyanoCi-6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonylCi-6alkyl, hydroxy- carbonylCi-6alkyl, hydroxyCi -6alkyl, am ⁇ noC ⁇ _6alkyl, mono- or d ⁇ (Ci-6alkyl)- am ⁇ noCi-6alkyl, haloCi-6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxyCi-6alkyl, ammocarbonylCi-6alkyl, Arl, Ar 2 Ci-6alkyloxyCi-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylth ⁇ oCi-6alkyl;
• RIO IS hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy or halo
• Rl 1 is hydrogen or C ⁇ _6alkyl
• Arl 1S phenyl or phenyl substituted with Ci-6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, Ci-6alkyloxy or halo
• Ar 2 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with Ci-galkyl, hydroxy, ammo, -galkyloxy or halo.
• WO-98/40383 concerns the preparation, formulation and pharmaceutical properties of farnesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds of formula (VII)
• the dotted line represents an optional bond
• X is oxygen or sulfur
• Rl and R 2 each independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, tnhalomethyl, tnhalomethoxy, C2-6alkenyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, hydroxyC ⁇ _6alkyloxy,
• R3 and R 4 each independently . ire hydrogen, halo, cyano, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy,
• Ar- ⁇ -oxy, Ci- ⁇ alkylthio, di(C ⁇ _6alkyl)amino, trihalomethyl, trihalomethoxy, or when on adjacent positions R3 and R 4 taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula
• R ⁇ is a radical of formula
• R 13 R- wherein Rl3 is hydrogen, halo, Ar 4 , Ci-6alkyl, hydroxyCi -6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy- C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, C ⁇ _6alkylthio, amino, Ci-6alkyloxy- carbonyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)Ci-6alkyl or Ci-6alkylS(O)2C ⁇ _6alkyl; Rl ⁇ is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl or di(Ci-4alkyl)aminosulfonyl; R6 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, C - ⁇ alkyl, cyano, haloCi-6alkyl, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyl, cyanoCi-6alkyl, aminoC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkylthioCi-6alkyl, aminocarbonylCi-6alkyl,
• R 7 is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkylcarbonyl,
• Ci-6alkyloxycarbonylC ⁇ _6alkyl or a radical of formula -Alk-OR 0 or -Alk-NRllRl 2 ;
• R8 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ar 7 or Ar " 7-C ⁇ _6alkyl;
• R 9 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkylaminocarbonyl, Ar ⁇ , Ar ⁇ -Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbony]- Ci-6alkyl, Ar°-carbonyl, Ar°-C ⁇ _6alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl- carbonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxyCi- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, Ci-galkyloxy, aminocarbonyl, di(Ci-6alkyl)aminoCi-6alkylcarbonyl, amino,
• Ci- ⁇ alkylamino Ci-galkylcarbonylamino, or a radical or formula -Alk-OR 10 or -Alk-NRURl 2 ; wherein Alk is Ci-galkanediyl;
• RIO is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, hydroxyCi -6alkyl, Ar 9 or Ar 9 -Ci-6alkyl;
• RU is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, ArlO or
• Rl 2 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _6alkyl, ArH or Arl l-Ci-6alkyl
• Arl t0 Aril are each independently selected from phenyl; or phenyl substituted with halo, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy or trifluoromethyl.
• WO-98/49157 concerns the preparation, formulation and pharmaceutical properties of farnesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds of formula (VHI)
• Rl and R 2 each independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethoxy, C2-6alkenyl, Ci-6alkyloxy, hydroxyCi -6alkyloxy,
• R3 and R 4 each independently are hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, Arloxy, C ⁇ _6alkylthio, di(Ci-6alkyl)amino, trihalomethyl or trihalomethoxy;
• R5 IS hydrogen, halo, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, cyano, haloCi-6alkyl, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyl, cyanoCi-6alkyl, ammoCi- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkyl, C i - ⁇ alkyl thioC i - ⁇ alkyl, amino
• ArlCi-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkyl or a radical of formula -O-RlO (a-1),
• Rl° IS hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, Ar , ArlCi-6alkyl,
• Ci-6alkyloxycarbonylCi-6alkyl or a radical of formula -Alk-ORl3 or -Alk-NRl 4 Rl 5 , RU IS hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Arl or ArlCi-6alkyl, Rl 2 IS hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkylammocarbonyl, Arl, ArlC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl-
• Ci-6alkyl Arlcarbonyl, ArlCi-6alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl- carbonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxyCi- ⁇ alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, Ci-6alkyloxy, aminocarbonyl, d ⁇ (Ci-6alkyl)am ⁇ noCi-6alkylcarbonyl, amino, Ci_6alkylamino, Ci-6alkylcarbonylam ⁇ no, or a radical or formula -Alk-ORl 3 or -Alk-NRl 4 Rl 5 , wherem Alk is Ci-6alkaned ⁇ yl,
• Rl3 IS hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy-
• R 1 6 R I 1177 wherein Rl ⁇ s hydrogen, halo, Arl, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy- Ci-6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxy, Ci-6alkylth ⁇ o, amino,
• Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl Ci-6alkylth ⁇ oCi-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)Ci-6alkyl or Ci-6alkylS(O)2Ci-6alkyl
• R 7 is hydrogen or C ⁇ _6alkyl provided that the dotted line does not represent a bond
• R 8 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl or Ar CH2 or HetlCH2
• R 9 is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl , Ci-6alkyloxy or halo; or
• Arl i s phenyl; or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each independently selected from halo, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or trifluoromethyl;
• Ar 2 is phenyl; or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each independently selected from halo, C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy or trifluoromethyl; and
• Hetl j s pyridinyl; pyridinyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents each independently selected from halo, Ci-6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or trifluoromethyl.
• WO-00/39082 concerns the preparation, formulation and pharmaceutical properties of farnesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds of formula (IX)
• R , R and R are independently hydrogen, C ⁇ . alkyl, hydroxy, C 1- alkyloxy, aryloxy, C ⁇ _ alkyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyCi. 4 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 4 alkyloxyC ⁇ _ alkyl, mono- or di(C ⁇ . 4 alkyl)aminoC ⁇ . 4 alkyl, cyano, amino, thio, C ⁇ _ 4 alkylthio, arylthio or aryl; 1 7
• each R independently is hydrogen, halo, halocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, hydroxyCi_ 4 alkyl, cyano, carboxyl, C ⁇ _ alkyl, C ⁇ _ alkyloxy, C]. 4 alkyloxyC ⁇ . 4 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, mono- or di(C ⁇ _ alkyl)amino, mono- or di (C i .
• alkyl)aminoC i _ 4 alkyl , aryl ; r and s are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; t is 0, 1, 2 or 3; each R 1 and R 2 are independently hydroxy, halo, cyano, Ci-galkyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethoxy, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC ⁇ _ alkyloxy, C ⁇ _ 6 alkylthio, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxyC ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, aminoC].
• R 3 is hydrogen, halo, Cj. 6 alkyl, cyano, haloC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, hydroxyCi _ 6 alkyl, cyanoC]. alkyl, aminoC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, C]. 6 alkyloxyC ⁇ . 6 alkyl, C ⁇ . 6 alkylthioC]. 6 alkyl, aminocarbonylC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl , hydroxycarbonyl , hydroxycarbonylC i _ alkyl , C ⁇ . 6 alkyloxycarbonylC ⁇ . 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkylcarbonylC ⁇ . 6 alkyl, C ⁇ . 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, arylC ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxyCi-6alkyl, mono- or di(C]. 6 alkyl)aminoC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl; or a radical of formula
• R 10 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, C]. 6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl,
• R 11 is hydrogen, Ci 6 alkyl, aryl or arylCi 6 alkyl;
• R 12 is hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, amino, Ci 6 alkyloxy,
• alkyl 6 alkyl)am ⁇ nocarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from aryl or 3 alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonylcarbonyl, mono- or d ⁇ (C ⁇ 6 alkyl)am ⁇ noC] 6 alkylcarbonyl, or a radical or formula -Alk-OR 13 or -Alk-NR I4 R 15 ; wherein Alk is Ci 6 alkaned ⁇ yl,
• R 13 is hydrogen, C t 6 alkyl, Ci 6 alkylcarbonyl, hydroxyCi 6 alkyl, aryl or arylCi 6 alkyl;
• R 14 is hydrogen, Ci 6 alkyl, aryl or arylCi 6 alkyl;
• R 15 is hydrogen, Ci 6 alkyl, d 6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl or arylCi 6 alkyl;
• R 4 is a radical of formula R 16 (c-2),
• R 16 is hydrogen, halo, aryl, d 6 alkyl, hydroxyCi 6 alkyl, Ci 6 alkyloxyC] 6 alkyl, Ci 6 alkyloxy, Ci 6 alkylth ⁇ o, amino, mono- or d ⁇ (C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl)am ⁇ no, hydroxycarbonyl, C_ 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci ⁇ alkylthioC) 6 alkyl,
• R 16 may also be bound to one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole nng of formula (c-1) or (c-2), in which case the meaning of R when bound to the nitrogen is limited to hydrogen, aryl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, hydroxyCi 6 alkyl,
• Ci alkyloxyC ⁇ 6 alkyl C ⁇ . 6 alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci 6 alkylS(O)C ⁇ . 6 alkyl or
• R 17 is hydrogen, Q 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxyC ⁇ 6 alkyl, arylCi 6 alkyl, tnfluoromethyl or d ⁇ (C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl)am ⁇ nosulfonyl;
• R is Ci 6 alkyl , Ci 6 alkyloxy or halo;
• aryl is phenyl, naphthalenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 or more substituents each independently selected from halo, C] 6 alkyl, C] 6 alkyloxy or tnfluoromethyl.
• Podophyllotoxm which is extracted from the mandrake plant, is the parent compound from which two glycosides have been developed which show significant therapeutic activity in several human neoplasms, including pediatnc leukemia, small cell carcinomas of the lung, testicular tumors, Hodgkin's disease, and large cell lymphomas
• etoposide VP-16
• VM-26 teniposide
• R 9 is hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy, amino, Ci-8alkylamino or Ci-8alkylamino substituted with Ci- ⁇ alkyloxycarbonyl;
• R 2 , R3 and Rl6 each independently are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyloxy, Ci-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkyloxy, aminoCi - ⁇ alkyloxy, mono- or di(Ci-6alkyl)aminoCi-6alkyloxy, Arl,
• R4 and R ⁇ each independently are hydrogen, halo, Arl, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, hydroxyCi- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxyCi-6alkyl , Ci - ⁇ alkyloxy, Ci-6alkylthio, amino, hydroxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)Ci-6alkyl or Ci-6alkylS(O)2Ci-6alkyl; R" and R 7 each independently are hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy,
• Ar 2 oxy, trihalomethyl, Ci_6alkylthio, di(Ci-6alkyl)amino, or when on adjacent positions R" and R ' taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula -O-CH2-O- (c-1), or
• R 8 is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl- carbonylC ⁇ _6alkyl, cyanoCi- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonylCi-6alkyl, carboxy- Ci-6alkyl, hydroxyCi -6alkyl, aminoC ⁇ _6alkyl, mono- or di(Ci-6alkyl)amino- Ci-6alkyl, imidazolyl, haloC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxyCi-6alkyl, aminocarbonyl-
• Ci-6alkyl or a radical of formula
• R ⁇ is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Arl, Ar 2 C ⁇ _6alkyl,
• C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonylCi-6alkyl or a radical or formula -Alk 2 -ORl3 or -Alk -NRl4Rl5 ;
• RU is hydrogen, Ci-I2alkyl, Arl or Ar 2 Ci-6alkyl;
• Rl 2 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-i6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkyloxycarbonyl, C ⁇ _6alkylaminocarbonyl, Arl, Ar 2 C ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl-
• Ci-6alkyl a natural amino acid, Arlcarbonyl, Ar 2 Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonylcarbonyl, Ci-6alkyloxyCi-6alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, aminocarbonyl, di(Ci-6alkyl)aminoCi-6alkylcarbonyl, amino, Ci-6alkylamino, Ci-6alkylcarbonylamino, or a radical or formula - Alk 2 -OR 1 or - Alk 2 -NR 1 4 R 15 ; wherein Alk 2 is Ci-6alkanediyl;
• Rl3 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyl, Arl or Ar 2 Ci-6alkyl
• Rl4 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Arl or Ar 2 C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl
• Rl5 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, Arl or
• Ar 2 Ci-6alkyl; Rl 7 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxycarbonyl, Arl ; Rl ⁇ is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy or halo; Rl is hydrogen or Ci- 6 alkyl; Arl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with Ci-6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, Ci-6alkyloxy or halo; and Ar 2 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with C ⁇ _6alkyl, hydroxy, amino, Ci-6alkyloxy or halo
• combinations are hereinafter refened to as combinations according to the invention. These combinations may provide a synergistic effect whereby they demonstrate an advantageous therapeutic effect which is greater than that which would have been expected from the effects of the individual components of the combinations
• R4 or R ⁇ may also be bound to one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole nng In that case the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by R4 or R ⁇ and the meaning of R and R-> when bound to the nitrogen is limited to hydrogen, Arl, Ci-6alkyl, hydroxyCi -6alkyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxyCi- ⁇ alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylS(O)2Ci-6alkyl.
• substituent Rl8 1S situated on the 5 or 7 position of the qumohnone moiety and substituent R IS situated on the 8 position when Rl8 IS on the 7 -position.
• Still another group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R 3 is hydrogen or halo; and R 2 is halo, Ci-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, Ci_6alkyloxy, trihalomethoxy or hydroxyCi -6alkyloxy.
• a further group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherem R 2 and R 3 are on adjacent positions and taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula (a-1), (a-2) or (a-3).
• a still further group of interesting compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R ⁇ IS hydrogen and R4 IS hydrogen or C -6alkyl
• a particular group of compounds are those compounds of formula (I) wherein R° is hydrogen, hydroxy, haloCi- ⁇ alkyl, hydroxyCi - ⁇ alkyl, cyanoC ⁇ _6alkyl, Ci-6alkyloxy- carbonylCi-6alkyl, lmidazolyl, or a radical of formula -NRI R 2 wherein R is hydrogen or Ci-i2alkyl and R 2 IS hydrogen, C -galkyl, C -6alkyloxy, hydroxy,
• Ci-6alkyloxyC -6alkylcarbonyl or a radical of formula -Alk 2 -ORl3 wherein Rl3 IS hydrogen or C -galkyl
• Prefened compounds are those compounds wherein R IS hydrogen, Ci-galkyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxyCi-6alkyl, d ⁇ (Ci-6alkyl)am ⁇ noCi-6alkyl, or a radical of formula
• Alkl 1S methylene and R 9 is Ci-8alkylam ⁇ no substituted with Ci-6alkyloxycarbonyl;
• R 2 is halo, C ⁇ _6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C ⁇ _6alkyloxy, tnhalomethoxy, hydroxyCi_6alkyloxy or Arl,
• R3 1S hydrogen, R4 IS methyl bound to the nitrogen in 3-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on of the imidazole;
• R 7 is hydrogen,
• Ci-6alkyloxyC ⁇ _6alkylcarbonyl or a radical of formula -Alk 2 -ORl3 wherein Rl3 1S
• X'-X 2 -X 3 is a tnvalent radical of formula (x-1), (x-2), (x-3), (x-4) or (x-9) wherein each R independently is hydrogen, C ⁇ -4 alkyl, Ci 4 alkyloxycarbonyl, amino or aryl and R 7 is hydrogen,
• R 1 is halo, Ci 6 alkyl or two R 1 substituents ortho to one another on the phenyl nng may independently form together a bivalent radical of formula (a-1),
• R 3 is halo or a radical of formula (b-1) or (b-3) wherem
• R 1 is hydrogen or a radical of formula -Alk-OR .
• R 11 is hydrogen;
• R 12 is hydrogen, Ci 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, Ci 6 alkyloxy or mono- or d ⁇ (C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)ammoC ⁇ . 6 alkylcarbonyl;
• Alk is C ⁇ . 6 alkaned ⁇ yl and
• R 13 is hydrogen;
• R 4 is a radical of formula (c-1) or (c-2) wherein
• R 16 is hydrogen, halo or mono- or d ⁇ (C ⁇ _ alkyl)am ⁇ no;
• R 17 is hydrogen or Ci 6 alkyl;
• aryl is phenyl
• R is hydrogen or hydroxy
• Ci- ⁇ alkyl defines straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like;
• C ⁇ _8alkyl encompasses the straight and branched chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals as defined in Ci-6alkyl as well as the higher homologues thereof containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms such as, for example heptyl or octyl;
• Ci-i2alkyl again encompasses Ci-8alkyl and the higher homologues thereof containing 9 to 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl;
• Ci-i6alkyl again encompasses C ⁇ _i2alkyl and the higher homologues thereof containing 13 to
• S(O) refers to a sulfoxide
• S(O)2 to a sulfon.
• natural ammo acid refers to a natural ammo acid that is bound via a covalent amide linkage formed by loss of a molecule of water between the carboxyl group of the amino acid and the amino group of the remainder of the molecule.
• Examples of natural amino acids are glycine, alanine, vahne, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, prohne, phenylana ne, tryptophan, senne, threomne, cysteine, tyrosme, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysme, arginme, histidine.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to compnse the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and non-toxic base addition salt forms which the compounds of formulas (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) are able to form
• the compounds of formulas (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) which have basic properties can be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treating said base form with an appropnate acid Appropnate acids compnse, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohahc acids, e.g hydrochlonc or hydrobromic acid, sulfunc, nitnc; phosphonc and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succmic (I e
• butanedioic acid maleic, fumanc, malic, tartanc, citnc, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfomc, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, p-aminosalicyhc, pamoic and the like acids
• the compounds of formulae (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) which have acidic properties may be converted in their pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts by treating said acid form with a suitable organic or inorganic base.
• Appropnate base salt forms compnse, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamme, hydrabamme salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginme, lysme and the like.
• acid or base addition salt also compnse the hydrates and the solvent addition forms which the compounds of formulae (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) are able to form. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
• stereochemically isomenc forms of compounds of formulae (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VEH) or (IX), as used hereinbefore, defines all possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which the compounds of formulae (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) may possess. Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomenc forms which said compound may possess.
• Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound All stereochemically isomenc forms of the compounds of formulae (I), (H), (HI), (IV), (V), (VI), (VH), (VHI) or (IX) both in pure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
• Prefened anti-tumor anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivatives for use in accordance with the invention include etoposide and teniposide refened to above.
• Etoposide is commercially available for example from Bristol-Myers Squibb under the trade name VePesid, and may be prepared for example as described in European patent specification No. 111058, or by processes analogous thereto.
• Teniposide is commercially available for example from Bristol-Myers Squibb under the trade name Vumon and may be prepared for example as described in PCT patent specification No. WO 93/02094, or by processes analogous thereto.
• Other anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivatives may be prepared in conventional manner for example by processes analogous to those described above for etoposide and teniposide.
• the present invention also relates to combinations according to the invention for use in medical therapy for example for inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.
• the present invention also relates to the use of combinations according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.
• the present invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in a human subject which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a combination according to the invention.
• This invention further provides a method for inhibiting the abnormal growth of cells, including transformed cells, by administering an effective amount of a combination according to the invention.
• Abnormal growth of cells refers to cell growth independent of normal regulatory mechanisms (e.g. loss of contact inhibition) This includes the abnormal growth of .
• tumor cells tumor cells (tumors) expressing an activated ras oncogene
• tumor cells tumor cells in which the ras protein is activated as a result of oncogenic mutation of another gene
• ras oncogenes not only contnbute to the growth of of tumors in vivo by a direct effect on tumor cell growth but also indirectly, i.e. by facilitating tumor-mduced angiogenesis (Rak. J. et al, Cancer Research, 55, 4575-4580, 1995).
• pharmacologically targetting mutant ras oncogenes could conceivably suppress solid tumor growth in vivo, in part, by inhibiting tumor-mduced angiogenesis
• This invention also provides a method for inhibiting tumor growth by admimstenng an effective amount of a combination according to the present invention, to a subject, e g a mammal (and more particularly a human) in need of such treatment.
• this invention provides a method for inhibiting the growth of tumors expressing an activated ras oncogene by the administration of an effective amount of combination according to the present invention.
• tumors which may be inhibited include, but are not limited to, lung cancer (e.g adenocarcinoma and including non- small cell lung cancer), pancreatic cancers (e.g. pancreatic carcinoma such as, for example exocnne pancreatic carcinoma), colon cancers (e.g.
• colorectal carcinomas such as, for example, colon adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma), hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage (e g. acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma), myeloid leukemias (for example, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)), thyroid folhcular cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), tumors of mesenchymal ongin (e.g. fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas), melanomas, teratocarcinomas, neuroblastomas, ghomas, benign tumor of the skin (e.g. keratoacanthomas), breast carcinoma (e.g. advanced breast cancer), kidney carninoma, ovary carcinoma, bladder carcinoma and epidermal carcinoma.
• lymphoid lineage e g. acute lymphocytic leukemia
• This invention also provides a method for inhibiting prohferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherem ras proteins are abenantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in genes, i.e. the ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic mutation to an oncogenic form, with said inhibition being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount of a combination according to the invention, to a subject in need of such a treatment.
• the benign prohferative disorder neurofibromatosis, or tumors in which ras is activated due to mutation or overexpression of tyrosine kinase oncogenes may be inhibited by the combinations according to the invention.
• the anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivative and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor may be administered simultaneously (e.g. in separate or unitary compositions) or sequentially in either order. In the latter case, the two compounds will be administered within a period and in an amount and manner that is sufficient to ensure that an advantageous or synergistic effect is achieved.
• the prefened method and order of administration and the respective dosage amounts and regimes for each component of the combination will depend on the particular anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivative and farnesyl transferase inhibitor being administered, their route of administration, the particular tumor being treated and the particular host being treated.
• the optimum method and order of administration and the dosage amounts and regime can be readily determined by those skilled in the art using conventional methods and in view of the information set out herein.
• the farnesyl transferase inhibitor is advantageously administered in an effective amount of from 0.0001 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg body weight, and in particular from 0.001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg body weight. More particularly, for an adult patient, the dosage is conveniently in the range of 50 to 500mg bid, advantageously 100 to 400 mg bid and particularly 300mg bid.
• the anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivative is advantageously administered in a dosage of 30 to 300 mg per square meter (mg/m 2 ) of body surface area, for example 50 to 250mg/m 2 , particularly for etoposide in a dosage of about 35 to 100 mg/m 2 and for teniposide in about 50 to 250 mg/m 2 per course of treatment.
• These dosages may be administered for example once, twice or more per course of treatment, which may be repeated for example every 7,14,21 or 28 days.
• the components of the combinations according to the invention i.e. the anti-tumor podophyllotoxin derivative and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
• the components may formulated separately in individual pharmaceutical compositions or in a unitary pharmaceutical composition containing both components
• Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors can be prepared and formulated into pharmaceutical compositions by methods known in the art and in particular according to the methods descnbed in the published patent specifications mentioned herein and incorporated by reference, for the compounds of formulae (I), (H) and (HI) suitable examples can be found in WO-97/21701.
• the present invention therefore also relates to a pharmaceutical composition compnsmg an anti-tumor podophyllotoxm denvative and a farnesyl tranferase inhibitor of formula (I) together with one or more pharmaceutical earners.
• a pharmaceutical composition compnsmg an anti-tumor podophyllotoxm denvative and a farnesyl tranferase inhibitor of formula (I) together with one or more pharmaceutical earners.
• an effective amount of a particular compound, in base or acid addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable earner, which earner may take a wide vanety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
• These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection.
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs and solutions; or solid earners such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubncants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical earners are obviously employed. For parenteral compositions, the earner will usually compnse stenle water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, to aid solubility for example, may be included.
• Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the earner compnses saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropnate liquid earners, suspending agents and the like may be employed.
• the earner optionally compnses a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not cause a significant deletenous effect to the skm. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for prepanng the desired compositions.
• These compositions may be administered in vanous ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot-on, as an ointment
• Dosage unit form as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical earner.
• dosage unit forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
• each component of the combination may be appropnate to administer the required dose of each component of the combination as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropnate intervals throughout the course of treatment
• Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, in each case containing independently 0.01 to 500 mg, for example 0.1 to 200 mg and in particular 1 to lOOmg of each active ingredient per unit dosage form.
• the combinations according to the invention may be tested for their efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth using conventional assays descnbed in the literature for example the HTB177 lung carcinoma descnbed by Liu M et al, Cancer Research, Vol 58, No.21, 1 November 1998, pages 4947-4956, and the anti-mitotic assay descnbed by Moasser M et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 95, pages 1369-1374, February 1998.
• Other in vitro and in vivo models for determining ant-tumor effects of combinations and possible synergy of the combinations according to the invention are descnbed in WO 98/54966 and WO 98/32114.

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• 2001
  • 2001-02-26 JP JP2001563095A patent/JP2003525238A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-02-26 AU AU2001239275A patent/AU2001239275A1/en not_active Abandoned
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