EP1265035B1 - Doppelbefestigung einer Turbinenbrennkammer aus keramischem Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff - Google Patents

Doppelbefestigung einer Turbinenbrennkammer aus keramischem Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1265035B1
EP1265035B1 EP02291364A EP02291364A EP1265035B1 EP 1265035 B1 EP1265035 B1 EP 1265035B1 EP 02291364 A EP02291364 A EP 02291364A EP 02291364 A EP02291364 A EP 02291364A EP 1265035 B1 EP1265035 B1 EP 1265035B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
combustion chamber
turbomachine according
tabs
composite material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02291364A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1265035A1 (de
Inventor
Didier Hernandez
Gwénaelle Calvez
Alexandre Forestier
Eric Conete
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of EP1265035A1 publication Critical patent/EP1265035A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1265035B1 publication Critical patent/EP1265035B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/60Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/007Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/604Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centering, e.g. pins
    • F05B2230/606Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centering, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the specific field of turbomachines and is more particularly concerned with the problem of mounting a combustion chamber made of a composite material of the CMC (ceramic matrix composite) type in the metal casing of a turbomachine.
  • CMC ceramic matrix composite
  • the high pressure turbine including its inlet nozzle (HPT nozzle), the combustion chamber and the casing (or envelope) of this chamber are made of the same material, generally of the type metallic.
  • HPT nozzle inlet nozzle
  • the combustion chamber and the casing (or envelope) of this chamber are made of the same material, generally of the type metallic.
  • the use of a metal chamber is from a thermal point of view totally inadequate and it must be resorted to a chamber based on CMC type high temperature composite materials.
  • the difficulties of implementation and the cost of these materials mean that their use is most often limited to the combustion chamber itself, the inlet valve of the high pressure turbine and the casing then remaining more conventionally achieved.
  • metallic materials metal materials and composite materials have very different coefficients of thermal expansion. This results in particularly acute problems of connection with the housing and the combustion chamber and sealing at the distributor at the inlet of the high pressure turbine.
  • the US Patent 6,131,384 shows a turbomachine according to this prior art.
  • the present invention overcomes these disadvantages by proposing a mounting of the combustion chamber in the casing having the capacity to absorb the displacements induced by the differences in the expansion coefficients of these parts.
  • a turbomachine comprising, in an envelope of metallic material and in a direction F of gas flow, a fuel injection system, a composite material combustion chamber having a longitudinal axis, and a metal material distributor forming the fixed blade inlet stage of a high pressure turbine, characterized in that said composite material combustion chamber is held in position in said metal casing by a plurality of flexible metal tabs having first and second ends, said first ends being interconnected by a metal flange crown fixed to said metal shell by first fixing means and said second ends being each fixed jointly by second fixing means on the one hand to said chamber of composite material combustion and secondly at one end of a composite material wall whose other end forms a support plane for a sealing element integral with said distributor and ensuring the sealing of the gas stream between said combustion chamber and said distributor, the flexibility of said fixing lugs permitting at high temperatures radial free expansion of said combustion chamber made of composite material with respect to said metal casing.
  • the first and second fastening means are preferably constituted by a plurality of bolts.
  • the second fixing means can also be constituted by crimping elements.
  • said sealing element is of the type "circular seal”. It may comprise a plurality of calibrated leakage orifices.
  • said metal ring interconnecting said first ends of said flexible metal tabs is mounted between connecting flanges of these two parts.
  • said metal ring may be fixed directly to said annular casing by conventional fastening means.
  • said first ends of the fixing lugs may either be fixed by brazing (or welding) to said metal flange ring or form a single piece with this metal ring.
  • the distributor is fixed on a downstream portion 14b of the inner annular envelope of the turbomachine by first removable fastening means preferably constituted by a plurality of bolts 50 while resting on support means 49 integral with the outer annular envelope of the turbomachine.
  • Through-holes 54, 56 formed in the outer metal 46 and inner 48 metal platforms of the distributor 42 are furthermore provided for cooling the vanes 44 of the distributor at the inlet of the rotor of the high-pressure turbine from the oxidant compressed available at the outlet of the diffusion duct 18 and flowing in two flows F1, F2 on either side of the combustion chamber 24.
  • These attachment tabs are mounted for a first part of them (see the tab referenced 58) between the outer annular casing 12a, 12b and the outer axial wall 26 of the combustion chamber and for a second part (such as the tab 60) between the inner annular envelope 14a, 14b and the inner axial wall 28 of the combustion chamber.
  • the number of legs may, for example, be in number equal to that of the injection nozzles or equal to a multiple of this number.
  • Each flexible fastening clip of metal material which can have a substantially triangular shape as illustrated Figure 1A , or consist of a single blade (not shown constant width or not), is welded or soldered by a first end 62; 64 to a metal ring 66a, 66b forming a flange and secured integrally by first fixing means 52; 68 to one or the other (depending on its location) of the outer or inner metal annular envelopes.
  • This attachment flange is intended to facilitate the maintenance of these legs on the metal shells.
  • these tabs and the metal ring together form a single piece of metal in one piece.
  • this tab is fixed jointly by second fixing means 74, 76 on the one hand at a downstream end 88; 90 of the external axial walls 26 and inner 28 of the combustion chamber made of ceramic composite material and secondly at one end of a ceramic composite wall 78a; 78b disposed in the extension of each of the outer and inner axial walls, forming a kind of a second chamber portion, and the other end forms a support plane for a sealing element integral with the distributor and sealing the gas stream between the combustion chamber 24 and the distributor 42.
  • connection of the second ends of the tabs 70, 72 with the downstream ends of the walls of the combustion chamber and the first ends of the ceramic composite walls forming the second chamber portion is carried out by a simple bolting, preferably of prison nut type to facilitate a possible assembly / disassembly and correlatively limit the dimensions of the legs.
  • the metal ring 66a, 66b interconnecting the first ends 62, 64 of the tabs is in turn preferably taken between existing connecting flanges between the upstream portions 12a, 14a and downstream 12b, 14b of the inner and outer annular envelopes and maintained fixedly by the first attachment means 52, 68 which are preferably also bolt type.
  • washers ceramic composite material 74a; 76a to allow to "drown" the conical heads of the screws of the bolts forming the second attachment means 74; 76.
  • the tightness of the gas stream between the combustion chamber 24 and the distributor 42 is provided by a "flap" circular seal 80, 82 mounted in a groove 84, 86 of each of the outer 46 and inner 48 platforms. dispenser and which bears directly on the second end portion of the ceramic composite wall 78a; 78b forming a support plane for this seal circular sealing.
  • the seal is held in abutment against this second end of the composite wall by means of a resilient element, leaf spring type 92, 94, fixed on the distributor.
  • an omega-type circular seal 96 mounted in a circular groove 98 of a flange of the inner annular casing 14 in direct contact with the inner circular platform 48 of the distributor and secondly by another "flap" circular seal 100 mounted in a circular groove 102 of the outer circular platform of the distributor 46 and one end is in direct contact with a circular spoiler 104 of the downstream portion 12b of the outer annular envelope.
  • Figure 1B illustrates a first variant of the previous embodiment in which the attachment of the tabs (only the case of the tab 60 is illustrated) at the downstream end 90 of the combustion chamber 24 is performed by a crimped connection, the bolts 76 being replaced by crimping elements 76b.
  • the cooling being able to take place through the crimping elements, it is no longer necessary to provide calibrated orifices at the lamellae joints 80, 82.
  • the metal ring 66a forming a flange interconnecting by brazing (or welding) the first ends 62 of the fastening tabs 58 of the outer axial wall of the combustion chamber 26 is no longer mounted between flanges but itself brazed (or welded) ) at a polarizer 106 centered and resting on the outer annular casing 12.
  • the metal ring 66b forming a flange interconnecting by brazing (or welding) the first ends 64 of the fixing lugs 60 of the inner axial wall of the combustion chamber 28 is no longer mounted between flanges but simply fixed directly to the inner annular casing 14 by conventional fastening means 108, for example of the bolt type.
  • the flexibility of the fixing lugs makes it possible to withstand the thermal expansion gap occurring at the temperatures elevated between the composite material combustion chamber and the metal annular envelopes while ensuring the maintenance and positioning of the chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Turbomaschine, die - in einer Hülle aus metallischem Werkstoff (12a, 12b; 14a, 14b) und entlang einer Strömungsrichtung F der Gase - eine Einheit zum Einspritzen eines Kraftstoffs (20, 22), eine Brennkammer aus Verbundwerkstoff (24) mit einer Längsachse (10) sowie einen Leitapparat aus metallischem Werkstoff (42), der die Eintrittsstufe mit Leitschaufeln (44) einer Hochdruckturbine bildet, umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Brennkammer aus Verbundwerkstoff durch eine Vielzahl von flexiblen Metallaschen (58, 60), die erste Enden (62, 64) und zweite Enden (70, 72) aufweisen, in der Metallhülle in Position gehalten wird, wobei die genannten ersten Enden durch einen einen Flansch bildenden Metallkranz (66a, 66b) untereinander verbunden sind, der an der Metallhülle durch erste Befestigungsmittel (52; 68, 108) befestigt ist, und wobei die genannten zweiten Enden jeweils gemeinsam durch zweite Befestigungsmittel (74, 76) einerseits an der Brennkammer aus Verbundwerkstoff (26, 28) und andererseits an einem Ende einer Wand aus Verbundwerkstoff (78a, 78b) befestigt sind, deren anderes Ende eine Stützebene für ein Dichtungselement (80, 82) bildet, das mit dem Leitapparat fest verbunden ist und das die Dichtigkeit des Gaskanals zwischen der Brennkammer und dem Leitapparat sicherstellt, wobei die Flexibilität der genannten Metallbefestigungslaschen bei hohen Temperaturen eine freie radiale Ausdehnung der Brennkammer aus Verbundwerkstoff gegenüber der Metallhülle ermöglicht.
  2. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten und zweiten Befestigungsmittel von einer Vielzahl von Bolzen gebildet sind.
  3. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - da die Metallhülle aus zwei Teilen (12a, 12b; 14a, 14b) gebildet ist - der Metallkranz, welcher die ersten Enden der flexiblen Metallaschen untereinander verbindet, zwischen Verbindungsflanschen dieser zwei Teile angebracht ist.
  4. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Metallkranz, welcher die ersten Enden der flexiblen Metallaschen untereinander verbindet, durch herkömmliche Befestigungsmittel (108) direkt an der ringförmigen Hülle befestigt ist.
  5. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Enden der flexiblen Metallaschen an dem einen Flansch bildenden Metallkranz festgelötet (oder festgeschweißt) sind.
  6. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Enden der flexiblen Metallaschen mit dem einen Flansch bildenden Metallkranz ein einziges Teil bilden.
  7. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Befestigungsmittel von Crimpelementen (76b) gebildet sind.
  8. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dichtungselement vom Typ "Lamellen"-Runddichtung (80, 82) ist.
  9. Turbomaschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die "Lamellen"-Dichtung eine Vielzahl von kalibrierten Entweichungsöffnungen (110) aufweist.
EP02291364A 2001-06-06 2002-06-04 Doppelbefestigung einer Turbinenbrennkammer aus keramischem Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff Expired - Lifetime EP1265035B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0107372 2001-06-06
FR0107372A FR2825785B1 (fr) 2001-06-06 2001-06-06 Liaison de chambre de combustion cmc de turbomachine en deux parties

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1265035A1 EP1265035A1 (de) 2002-12-11
EP1265035B1 true EP1265035B1 (de) 2008-02-13

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EP02291364A Expired - Lifetime EP1265035B1 (de) 2001-06-06 2002-06-04 Doppelbefestigung einer Turbinenbrennkammer aus keramischem Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6675585B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1265035B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4097994B2 (de)
DE (1) DE60224956T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2825785B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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CN110822482A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-21 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种中低热值气体和液体双燃料喷嘴及燃料切换方法

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EP1381811A1 (de) * 2001-04-27 2004-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennkammer, insbesondere einer gasturbine
FR2840974B1 (fr) * 2002-06-13 2005-12-30 Snecma Propulsion Solide Anneau d'etancheite pour cahmbre de combustion et chambre de combustion comportant un tel anneau
US6895761B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2005-05-24 General Electric Company Mounting assembly for the aft end of a ceramic matrix composite liner in a gas turbine engine combustor
FR2855249B1 (fr) * 2003-05-20 2005-07-08 Snecma Moteurs Chambre de combustion ayant une liaison souple entre un fond de chambre et une paroi de chambre
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US10550725B2 (en) * 2016-10-19 2020-02-04 United Technologies Corporation Engine cases and associated flange
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CN114413285B (zh) * 2022-01-29 2023-03-21 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 一种大弯管密封结构
CN115405370B (zh) * 2022-11-03 2023-03-10 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 一种半弹性涡轮外环结构
CN115717568B (zh) * 2022-12-27 2024-08-30 西安鑫垚陶瓷复合材料股份有限公司 一种陶瓷基复合材料混合器的安装装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110822482A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-21 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种中低热值气体和液体双燃料喷嘴及燃料切换方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020184888A1 (en) 2002-12-12
DE60224956D1 (de) 2008-03-27
JP4097994B2 (ja) 2008-06-11
DE60224956T2 (de) 2009-02-05
FR2825785B1 (fr) 2004-08-27
FR2825785A1 (fr) 2002-12-13
US6675585B2 (en) 2004-01-13
EP1265035A1 (de) 2002-12-11
JP2003035418A (ja) 2003-02-07

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