GB1570875A - Combustion equipment - Google Patents
Combustion equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1570875A GB1570875A GB1107776A GB1107776A GB1570875A GB 1570875 A GB1570875 A GB 1570875A GB 1107776 A GB1107776 A GB 1107776A GB 1107776 A GB1107776 A GB 1107776A GB 1570875 A GB1570875 A GB 1570875A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- flame tube
- combustion equipment
- elements
- ceramic
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/60—Support structures; Attaching or mounting means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Description
(54) C()Ml3USTlON EQUIPMENT (71) We, I Ut AS INDUSTRIES LI Ml'El), a British ('clmpnny of Great King Street, Biningh'im, 1319 2XF, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent 1.17aV bC granted to us, and the method bv which it is to be performed, to be partictilirly described in and by the following statement::- This invention relates to combustion equipment including a flame tube and is more pirticularly. though not exclusively, concerned with combustion equipment for a gas turbine engine.
It has previously been proposed to form a flame tube ill combustion equipment from a ceramic material. In one form of such equipment. the flame tube is formed of a plurality of ceramic rings which are arranged in side-by-side relationship longi tudinallv of the flame tube. Such an arrangement accommodates for the adverse effect of temperature gradients lonitudinal- lv of the flame tube but does not compensate for the substantial radial temperature gradients which can occur within the flame tube wall.In order to overcome this latter problem. it has also been previously proposed to form a flame tube of a plurality of tiles which are arranged in side-by-side relationship longitudinally of the flame tube and also circumferentiallv of the flame tube.
However. such an arrangement has the disadvantage that a very large number of separate tiles are required, each of which needs to be separately located in position.
Such a tile construction of flame tube tends to be relatively complex. heavy and expensive in view of the supporting structure required for the tiles. A further disadvantage is that the tile supporting structure tends to obstruct the air flow in the annulus surrounding the flame tube.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide combustion equipment including a flam tube in which the hoop stresses that would arise in a fully cylindrical flame tube as a result of radial and longitudinal thermal gradients are eliminated without the accompanying disadvantages of a tiled form of flame tube.
According to the present invention, there is provided combustion equipment comprising a flame tube formed of a plurality of ceramic elements which are arranged circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the flame tube, a casing surrounding the flame tube, and means holding the elements in position in the casing against longitudinal and radially outward movement relative to the flame tube axis, each ceramic element being of substantially segmental form when viewed axially of the flame tube and extending for the whole length of the latter.
Preferably, a cage forms the means for holding the ceramic elements against radially outward movement, said cage being disposed between the casing and the flame tube and resiliently engaging each of the ceramic elements.
Advantageously, the cage is provided with resilient fingers by which it resiliently engages each of the ceramic elements.
Advantageously, abutments and resilient elements carried by the casing at one end thereof provide the means for holding the ceramic elements against longitudinal movement, each ceramic element being urged into engagement with a respective abutment by a respective resilient element.
The present invention is particularly applicable to combustion apparatus in which the flame tube is of annular form. In such a case, it is preferred to form each ceramic element with a first portion which defines part of an outer wall of the flame tube, a second portion which defines part of an inner wall of the flame tube, a third portion which interconnects the first and second portions at a combustion zone end of the flame tube, a fourth portion which is a continuation of the first portion and defines part of a radially inner wall of an annular combustion gas outlet of the flame tube, and a fifth portion which is a continuation of the second portion and defines a part of a radially outer wall of the annular combustion gas outlet.
Conveniently, the fourth portions of the ceramic elements have an alr seal member engaging the radially inner sides. The air seal member preferably of ceramic material is in the form of a ring with radial slot.
Preferably also, the fifth portions are curved and are in axial abutment with a ring, preferably of ceramic material, which has a correspondingly curved surface and which engages against the fifth portions radially outwardly of the annular combustion gas outlet.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of part of combustion equipment according to the present invention, Fi, re 2 is an end view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 1 of the flame tube in the combustion equipment. with portions of the flame tube being shown cut-away on the lines B-B and C-C of Figure 1, and Fi.,ezere 3 is a developed view of part of a cage forming part of the combustion equipment of Figures 1 and 2.
Referring to the drawings. the combustion equipment is intended for use in a gas turbine engine and comprises generally an annular flame tube 10, a casing 11 surrounding the flame tube 10 so as to define an air passage 12 externally of the flame tube 10, and means, including a cage 13, leaf springs 14 and an abutment ring 31. for holding the flame tube 1U within the casing 11 as will be described hereinafter in further detail.
More particularly. the flame tube 10 is formed of a pluralitv of. in this embodiment ten. silicon nitride 'elements 16. Each element 16 extends for the whole length of the flame tube and takes the form of the segment of a circle when viewed axially of the flame tube 10 (see Figure 2). As can be seen from Figure 2. the elements 16 are arranged in circumferentially side-by-side relationship about the longitudinal axis of the flame tube 10.Furthermore. each ceramic element 16 comprises a first portion 17 which defines part of an outer wall of the flame tube 10, a second portion 18 which defines part of an inner wall of the flame tube. a third portion 19 which interconnects the first and second portions 17 and 18 at a combustion zone end 20 of the flame tube 10. a fourth portion 21 which is longitudinal ly curved and is a continuation of the first portion 17 to define part of a radially inner wall of an annular combustion gas outlet 22 of the flame tube 10, and a fifth portion 23 which is also longitudinally curved and which is a continuation of the second portion 18 to define part of a radially outer wall of the annular combustion gas outlet 22.
The cage 13 is of annular cross-section and is fabricated from metal strips as can best be seen in Figure 3 which is a developed view of part of the cage 13. The cage 13 consists of first, second and third annular hoops 24, 25 and 26 which are spaced apart longitudinally of the flame tube 10 and which are interconnected by spacing strips 27 extending longitudinally of the flame tube 10. The annular hoop 24 is provided with an upstanding lip 28 by which the cage 13 is supported in the casing 11, the lip 28 being trapped between two mating parts of the casing 11. Secured by means of pairs of rivets 29 to the hoops 25 and 26 are spring fingers 30. Each element 16 is engaged by one spring finger 30 on hoop 25 and one spring finger 30 on hoop 26.Thus, the cage 13 with the resilient fingers 30 retains the elements 16 against radially outward movement relative to the longitudinal axis of the flame tube 10.
The curved fifth portions 23 of the elements 16 are engaged around the abutment ring 31 which abuts against an internal part of the casing 11 and is formed of silicon nitride. The ring 31 lies radially outwardly of the annular outlet 22 and is disposed externally of the flame tube 10. The extreme end of the fourth portion 21 of each element 16 is in engagement on its radially inner side with a common silicon nitride ring 32 which is in the form of a piston ring with radial slot and slides between a pair of retaining plates 33 secured to the casing 11.
Each leaf spring 14 is fixed to the casing 11 and abuts against the external surfaces of the fourth portions 21 of the element 16.
Ten leaf springs 14 are provided, one for each element 16. Each element 16 is provided with the usual apertures 34 therein for admission of combustion and cooling air from the passage 12 and is also provided with semi-circular recesses 35 in the side edges of the third portion 19 thereof. The recesses 35 in adjacent elements 16 together define apertures for fuel sprayers (not shown).
The above described combustion equipment possesses the advantage that hoop stresses that would arise in a fully cylindrical flame tube as a result of radial and longitudinal thermal gradients are eliminated consequent upon the flame tube being circumferentially split into a series of segments.
However, the provision of elements 16 which extend for the full length of the flame tube 10 enables relatively easy location of the flame tube 10 within the casing 11 and enables a lighter construction to be obtained than in the case where flame tube is formed by a plurality of tiles which are arranged in rows and extending longitudinally of and circumferentially around the flame tube axis. The provision of the resilient spring arrangement, fingers 30 and leaf springs 14, ensures that the elements 16 are not unduly stressed or allowed to vibrate in service thereby leading to a relatively long service life for the flame tube.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. Combustion equipment comprising a flame tube formed of a plurality of ceramic elements which are arranged circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the flame tube a casing surrounding the flame tube, and means holding the elements in position in the casing against longitudinal and radially outward movement relative to the flame tube axis. each ceramic element being of substantially segmental form when viewed axiallv of the flame tube and extending for the whole length of the latter.
2. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cage forms the means for holding the ceramic elements against radially outward movement, said cage being disposed between the casing and the flame tube and resiliently engaging each of the ceramic elements.
3. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 2 wherein the cage is provided with resilient fingers by which it resiliently engages each of the ceramic elements.
4. Combustion equipment as claimed in any preceding claim wherein abutments and resilient elements carried by the casing at one end thereof provide the means for holding the ceramic elements against longitudinal movement, each ceramic element being urged into engagement with a respective abutment by a respective resilient element.
5. Combustion equipment as claimed in any preceding claim in which the flame tube is of annular form and each ceramic element has a first portion which defines part of an outer wall of the flame tube, a second portion which defines part of an inner wall of the flame tube, a third portion which inter-connects the first and second portions at a combustion zone end of the flame tube, a fourth portion which is a continuation of the first portion and defines part of a radially inner wall of an annular combustion gas outlet of the flame tube, and a fifth portion which is a continuation of the second portion and defines a part of a radially outer wall of the annular combustion gas outlet.
6. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fourth portions of the ceramic elements have an air seal member engaging the radially inner sides.
7. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 6 wherein the air seal member is in the form of a ring with a radial slot.
8. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7 wherein the fifth portions are curved and are in axial abutment with a ring which has a correspondingly curved surface and which engages against the fifth portions radially outwardly of the annular combustion gas outlet.
9. Combustion equipment substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (9)
1. Combustion equipment comprising a flame tube formed of a plurality of ceramic elements which are arranged circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the flame tube a casing surrounding the flame tube, and means holding the elements in position in the casing against longitudinal and radially outward movement relative to the flame tube axis. each ceramic element being of substantially segmental form when viewed axiallv of the flame tube and extending for the whole length of the latter.
2. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cage forms the means for holding the ceramic elements against radially outward movement, said cage being disposed between the casing and the flame tube and resiliently engaging each of the ceramic elements.
3. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 2 wherein the cage is provided with resilient fingers by which it resiliently engages each of the ceramic elements.
4. Combustion equipment as claimed in any preceding claim wherein abutments and resilient elements carried by the casing at one end thereof provide the means for holding the ceramic elements against longitudinal movement, each ceramic element being urged into engagement with a respective abutment by a respective resilient element.
5. Combustion equipment as claimed in any preceding claim in which the flame tube is of annular form and each ceramic element has a first portion which defines part of an outer wall of the flame tube, a second portion which defines part of an inner wall of the flame tube, a third portion which inter-connects the first and second portions at a combustion zone end of the flame tube, a fourth portion which is a continuation of the first portion and defines part of a radially inner wall of an annular combustion gas outlet of the flame tube, and a fifth portion which is a continuation of the second portion and defines a part of a radially outer wall of the annular combustion gas outlet.
6. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fourth portions of the ceramic elements have an air seal member engaging the radially inner sides.
7. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 6 wherein the air seal member is in the form of a ring with a radial slot.
8. Combustion equipment as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7 wherein the fifth portions are curved and are in axial abutment with a ring which has a correspondingly curved surface and which engages against the fifth portions radially outwardly of the annular combustion gas outlet.
9. Combustion equipment substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107776A GB1570875A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1977-03-16 | Combustion equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107776A GB1570875A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1977-03-16 | Combustion equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1570875A true GB1570875A (en) | 1980-07-09 |
Family
ID=9979602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1107776A Expired GB1570875A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1977-03-16 | Combustion equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1570875A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996004511A1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-15 | Yanovsky, Ilya Yakovlevich | Combustion chamber with a ceramic fire tube |
| EP1148300A1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2001-10-24 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ceramic member support structure for gas turbine |
| EP1265034A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Mounting of a turbine ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber with brazed mounting lungs |
| EP1265036A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Elastic mounting of a ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber inside a metallic casing |
| EP1265030A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Mounting of a metallic matrix composite combustion chamber with flexible linking shrouds |
| EP1265035A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Double mounting of a ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber |
| EP2107308A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-07 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | Sectorised CMC combustor for a gas turbine |
| US20100257864A1 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Reverse flow ceramic matrix composite combustor |
-
1977
- 1977-03-16 GB GB1107776A patent/GB1570875A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996004511A1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-15 | Yanovsky, Ilya Yakovlevich | Combustion chamber with a ceramic fire tube |
| EP1148300A1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2001-10-24 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ceramic member support structure for gas turbine |
| US6571560B2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2003-06-03 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ceramic member support structure for gas turbine |
| EP1265035A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Double mounting of a ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber |
| US6708495B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2004-03-23 | Snecma Moteurs | Fastening a CMC combustion chamber in a turbomachine using brazed tabs |
| EP1265036A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Elastic mounting of a ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber inside a metallic casing |
| FR2825781A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-13 | Snecma Moteurs | ELASTIC CHAMBER MOUNTING THIS COMBUSTION CMC OF TURBOMACHINE IN A METAL HOUSING |
| FR2825783A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-13 | Snecma Moteurs | HANGING OF CMC COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF TURBOMACHINE BY BRAZED LEGS |
| FR2825787A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-13 | Snecma Moteurs | FITTING OF CMC COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF TURBOMACHINE BY FLEXIBLE LINKS |
| FR2825785A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-13 | Snecma Moteurs | TWO-PART TURBOMACHINE CMC COMBUSTION CHAMBER LINKAGE |
| EP1265034A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Mounting of a turbine ceramic matrix composite combustion chamber with brazed mounting lungs |
| US6675585B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2004-01-13 | Snecma Moteurs | Connection for a two-part CMC chamber |
| EP1265030A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Mounting of a metallic matrix composite combustion chamber with flexible linking shrouds |
| US6732532B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2004-05-11 | Snecma Moteurs | Resilient mount for a CMC combustion chamber of a turbomachine in a metal casing |
| US6823676B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2004-11-30 | Snecma Moteurs | Mounting for a CMC combustion chamber of a turbomachine by means of flexible connecting sleeves |
| EP2107308A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-07 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | Sectorised CMC combustor for a gas turbine |
| FR2929690A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-09 | Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa | COMBUSTION CHAMBER SECTORIZED IN CMC FOR GAS TURBINE |
| US8141371B1 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2012-03-27 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | Gas turbine combustion chamber made of CMC material and subdivided into sectors |
| CN101551122B (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2012-10-17 | 斯奈克玛动力部件公司 | Sectorised cmc combustor for a gas turbine |
| US20100257864A1 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Reverse flow ceramic matrix composite combustor |
| US8745989B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2014-06-10 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Reverse flow ceramic matrix composite combustor |
| US20140311152A1 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2014-10-23 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Reverse flow ceramic matrix composite combustor |
| US9423130B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2016-08-23 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Reverse flow ceramic matrix composite combustor |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |