EP1261859A2 - Verfahren zur röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur röntgenfluoreszenzanalyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1261859A2 EP1261859A2 EP01915237A EP01915237A EP1261859A2 EP 1261859 A2 EP1261859 A2 EP 1261859A2 EP 01915237 A EP01915237 A EP 01915237A EP 01915237 A EP01915237 A EP 01915237A EP 1261859 A2 EP1261859 A2 EP 1261859A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- analysis
- radiation
- ray fluorescence
- spectra
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000491 multivariate analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003891 environmental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002095 near-infrared Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003045 statistical classification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new methods for X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), in particular to new measurement and evaluation methods, and to the use of these methods in analysis methods for distinguishing and
- Quality management of process chains in the chemical industry requires ensuring the identity of the chemical substances in the process chain. This applies, for example, when packaging small packs.
- the risk of misclassification and the proportion of clearly identified samples must provide the necessary statistical certainty without the time required for measuring methods and evaluation being beyond practical order of magnitude.
- the procedure for substance identification with the help of an EDRFS is based on the calculation of the EDRFA spectra with multivariate methods [1].
- This identification procedure allows a rapid substance identification by comparing a recorded spectrum with a spectrum (classification) stored in the library with the help of the Regulatory discriminant analysis (RDA, method: determination of the minimum of discrimination by calculating the Mahalanobis distance and the variance-covariance matrix) [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8 ] and upstream main component analysis (PCA, method: NIPALS algorithm, previous centering) [9], [10], [11] or the identification program from BRUKER (OPUS®; method: distance determination based on the Euclidean distance) [12 ].
- the energy range from 5 to 18 keV is very well excited.
- the elastic and inelastic scattering range and the fluorescence lines up to 32 keV can be detected very well with this excitation condition.
- the narrow-band fluorescence lines are evaluated in particular.
- Primary beam filters are used to reduce background signals, in particular those of the brake continuum, and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
- the work to optimize the EDRFS for the automated identification of chemicals in a bottling plant shows that not all substances can be identified with sufficient certainty with a single excitation condition. Some substances with this excitation condition are incorrectly identified (increased risk of misclassification). A new excitation condition should now excite the spectral information of 2 - 5 keV in order to use it for chemometric identification of substances.
- the excitation conditions proposed according to the invention are compared in Table 1 with those previously used. task
- the aim is to reduce the risk of misclassification for substance identification with the EDRFA with little loss in the measurement time and in the measurement process.
- the invention relates to improved methods for X-ray fluorescence analysis, the X-ray fluorescence being unfiltered by an X-ray radiation which is generated with an acceleration voltage of 5 to 60 kV, ie without a primary beam filter being in the beam path.
- the angle between the primary and secondary beam (characteristic and scattered radiation) is usually between 60 and 120 ° in the X-ray fluorescence analysis.
- the evaluation of the measurement data is carried out according to methods known in principle, the area of the brake continuum and the X-ray diffraction maxima being included in the evaluation.
- the invention further relates to the use of the improved method for X-ray fluorescence analysis for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical substances.
- the invention further relates to a device for measuring the x-ray fluorescence comprising a primary radiation source with an x-ray tube and the associated voltage supply, the primary radiation source emitting an unfiltered primary radiation, further comprising a sample holder and a detection device for characteristic and scattered radiation (secondary radiation), the angle between primary and and secondary beam is typically between 60 and 120 °.
- said device comprises
- a preferably program-controlled evaluation device which allows the identity of the sample to be determined from the characteristic and scattered radiation measured on the sample by comparison with data sets for characteristic and scattered radiation measured on standard substances.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the structure of a typical measuring arrangement comprising an X-ray tube, the primary beam filter device containing no filter, the sample receiving device and the Si (Li) semiconductor detector.
- the beam path with primary radiation and the characteristic and scattered radiation (secondary radiation) are also indicated.
- Figure 2 shows the comparison of the different diffraction patterns in the EDRFA spectrum of the substances AI 2 O 3 , NaF, NH 4 F and NH 4 F + HF,
- Excitation voltage 12 kV
- no primary beam filter no primary beam filter
- detector current 30 ⁇ A
- measuring time 100 s.
- the example of the substances Al 2 O 3 , NaF, NH 4 F and NH 4 F + HF shows the different diffraction patterns, excited according to the invention with 12 kV and without a primary beam filter, in Figure 2.
- the spectra of the four substances differ based on their diffraction patterns.
- Figure 3 shows the plot "predefined / predicted value from the PLS forecast for ⁇ middle ⁇ from the excitation condition 12 kV (above) and for OZmittei from the excitation condition 35 kV (below) as well as R 2 and RMSEP as Y errors.
- X-ray tubes are known to the person skilled in the art; suitable x-ray tubes and measuring devices are also commercially available.
- Metals known to the person skilled in the art such as e.g. Ag, Co, Cu, Mo, Pd, Rh or W as anti-cathode material.
- an acceleration voltage which is customary for X-ray fluorescence analysis, typically from 5 to 60 kV, preferably from 8 to 15 kV, is used.
- no primary beam filter is provided in the beam path.
- the method according to the invention is equally applicable on the basis of energy-dispersive as well as for wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Accordingly, the notes in the description, which relate to the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA), are only to be understood as examples.
- EDRFA energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis
- the entire spectral range i.e. Scattering range and braking continuum, because the different diffraction patterns for the substances are also characteristic in an EDRFA spectrum.
- the method according to the invention also allows quantitative analyzes.
- a library data set consisting of 19 substances (see example 1) and a sample data set consisting of 27 samples were analyzed using commercial identification programs (OPUS IDENT® from BRUKER; Euclidean distance, as well as SCAN for Windows®, from Minitab; combined PCA-RDA) analyzed.
- the results for the identification of the sample data set are shown in Table 2 as a risk of misclassification (in%) for the original spectra (I spectra) and the smoothed spectra (MW spectra) of the two excitation conditions (12 kV and 35 kV).
- the data set used for the classification was also used for the prediction with the "partial least square regression" (PLS) [9], [10], [11].
- PLS partial least square regression
- this can be done in the classification Take the created and applied model as a function in mathematics, with which a Y value (eg physical parameter) is calculated or predicted from a given X value (eg spectrum).
- a Y value eg physical parameter
- ⁇ m mei (Ag-L ⁇ ) mean mass attenuation coefficients
- additional crystallographic parameters edge lengths a, b and c of the unit cell, unit cell volume and the theoretical substance density [18] are used as prediction parameters in the PLS as Y values.
- the excitation condition (12 kV) increases the security of a clear identification of chemicals with the chemometric classification. This also enables a prediction of physical parameters and thus conclusions on pure substances with the PLS model.
- Example 1 Comparison of the two excitation conditions with an identical data set (library and samples) regarding substance identification with OPUS IDENT® and RDA (classification)
- a library data set consisting of 37 reference spectra of 19 different substances (see Table 4) and a sample data set consisting of 27 sample spectra were measured with the two excitation conditions described above.
- the spectra in binary format were converted on the one hand into the original spectra (I spectra) and on the other hand into the smoothed mean value spectra (MW spectra), in the present case as ASCII files.
- Table 5 shows the channel ranges for the respective conversion type for classification and later prediction.
- the library was first constructed with the mean spectra from the 37 reference spectra of various substances, then the internal validation and finally the identification of the 27 samples using the created method.
- the standard method Euclidean distance
- the standard method without vector normalization was created and applied as a method for all four data sets (12 kV, I spectra; 12 kV, MW spectra; 35 kV, I spectra; 35 kV, MW spectra).
- the significant major components were first determined using the PCA.
- the library and sample data set was then prepared on the basis of the significant HK for the RDA classification.
- an RDA classification was calculated based on the MW spectra for the excitation condition "12 kV".
- Example 2 Comparison of the two excitation conditions with an identical data set (library and samples) regarding correlation of substance-specific physical parameters with PLS (prediction)
- the data set used for the classification was also used for the prediction with PLS.
- additional crystallographic parameters edge lengths a, b and c of the unit cell, volume of the unit cell and the theoretical density of the substance were used as prediction parameters for the 2nd excitation condition (12 kV) the PLS used.
- Figure 2 x-axis: channel; y-axis: counting rate / pulses
- the Ag-L lines are labeled Ag-L.
- Figure 3 upper representation: x-axis: ⁇ m ⁇ tte ⁇ (Ag-La) / cm 2 / g (predicted); y-axis: ⁇ m ⁇ tte i (Ag-La) / cm 2 / g (given)
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10011115 | 2000-03-09 | ||
| DE10011115A DE10011115A1 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2000-03-09 | Verfahren zur Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse |
| PCT/EP2001/001580 WO2001067076A2 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-02-13 | Verfahren zur röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1261859A2 true EP1261859A2 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
Family
ID=7633855
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01915237A Withdrawn EP1261859A2 (de) | 2000-03-09 | 2001-02-13 | Verfahren zur röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030049859A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1261859A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003527585A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001242390A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10011115A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001067076A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7978820B2 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2011-07-12 | Panalytical B.V. | X-ray diffraction and fluorescence |
| CN103868941A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-18 | 南京第四分析仪器有限公司 | 一种能量色散x射线荧光分析快速判断方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3102952A (en) * | 1954-05-27 | 1963-09-03 | Philips Corp | X-ray fluorescence analysis of multi-component systems |
| US2897367A (en) * | 1956-04-25 | 1959-07-28 | Applied Res Lab Inc | Spectroscopy |
| US3562525A (en) * | 1967-06-29 | 1971-02-09 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | X-ray fludrescence gauging employing a single x-ray source and a reference sample for comparative measurements |
| JPS5139188A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-04-01 | Horiba Ltd | Hibunsangatakeikoxsenbunsekisochi |
| EP0108447A3 (de) * | 1982-11-04 | 1985-07-17 | North American Philips Corporation | Vorrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Aufnahme von Beugungs- und spektrographischen Daten |
| JP2853261B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-16 | 1999-02-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 金属分析方法および分析装置 |
| JP2821656B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-11 | 1998-11-05 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | 複数条件蛍光x線定性分析方法 |
| GB9317371D0 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1993-10-06 | Oxford Analytical Instr Ltd | X-ray fluorescence inspection apparatus |
-
2000
- 2000-03-09 DE DE10011115A patent/DE10011115A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-02-13 WO PCT/EP2001/001580 patent/WO2001067076A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-02-13 AU AU2001242390A patent/AU2001242390A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-13 US US10/220,857 patent/US20030049859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-13 EP EP01915237A patent/EP1261859A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-13 JP JP2001566000A patent/JP2003527585A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0167076A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003527585A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
| WO2001067076A2 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
| DE10011115A1 (de) | 2001-09-27 |
| US20030049859A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| AU2001242390A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 |
| WO2001067076A3 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BECKENKAMP, KONRAD Inventor name: HENRICH, ALEXANDER Inventor name: MANDAL, OLIVER Inventor name: OHM, MATTHIAS |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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