EP1255077B1 - Dispositif pour la combustion d'un mélange gazeux de combustible et comburant - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la combustion d'un mélange gazeux de combustible et comburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1255077B1
EP1255077B1 EP02405325A EP02405325A EP1255077B1 EP 1255077 B1 EP1255077 B1 EP 1255077B1 EP 02405325 A EP02405325 A EP 02405325A EP 02405325 A EP02405325 A EP 02405325A EP 1255077 B1 EP1255077 B1 EP 1255077B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
swirl
generator arrangement
axis
respect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02405325A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1255077A2 (fr
EP1255077A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Carroni
Adnan Eroglu
Timothy Griffin
Verena Schmidt
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1255077A3 publication Critical patent/EP1255077A3/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/13002Catalytic combustion followed by a homogeneous combustion phase or stabilizing a homogeneous combustion phase
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/107Flame diffusing means coated with catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2210/00Noise abatement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning a gaseous fuel-oxidizer mixture, in particular for a power plant.
  • a premix burner in which an interior tapering conical inner body is arranged in the flow direction.
  • An outer casing of the inner space is pierced by tangentially arranged air-engaging passages through which a combustion air flow flows into the inner space. This can form a swirl flow in the interior, which is then enriched via at least one fuel nozzle with a fuel.
  • the mixing tube passes over a cross-sectional jump in a combustion chamber, forming in the region of the plane of the cross-sectional jump a return flow zone, which ensures the stability of the combustion.
  • the known premix burner requires a relatively large installation space. Leaving the mixing tube away reduces the stability and homogeneity of the flames in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, there is the danger of pressure pulsations.
  • US Pat. No. 6,109,018 is a catalyst structure with several parallel to the main flow direction channels, some of which are catalytically active, partly catalytically inactive.
  • US 5,729,967 discloses a catalyst swirler assembly disposed upstream of a cross-sectional enlargement at the entrance of a combustor.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, deals with the problem of providing for an apparatus of the type mentioned an embodiment which is particularly improved in terms of compactness of their construction and stability and homogeneity of the flames in the combustion chamber.
  • the invention is based on the general idea to generate a swirl flow from the fuel-oxidizer mixture and to increase the temperature of the mixture before entering the combustion chamber with a catalyst.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a flow-through catalyst swirl generator arrangement, in which part of the fuel-oxidizer mixture burns and creates a swirling flow.
  • the proposal according to the invention can increase the stability and homogeneity of the flames in the combustion chamber and reduce the risk of pulsation.
  • a catalyst swirler assembly can build relatively short in the flow direction, so that the apparatus as a whole has a compact structure.
  • the catalyst swirl generator arrangement in such a way that it has a catalyst and a swirl generator immediately downstream of it.
  • the catalyst swirl generator assembly comprises a catalyst which is designed as a swirl generator.
  • the catalyst or the catalyst body is formed so that the flow exiting therefrom has the desired twist.
  • the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement has a plurality of, substantially parallel to each other, ie in the same direction extending, Wegströmbare channels, of which one, in particular about half, catalytically active and the other are formed catalytically inactive.
  • the channels may be distributed around a longitudinal central axis of the catalyst swirler assembly, with this longitudinal central axis extending in the main flow direction of the catalyst swirler assembly.
  • the channels may be inclined relative to the longitudinal central axis, such that the longitudinal direction of the channels in each case extends inclined with respect to a straight line which extends parallel to the longitudinal central axis.
  • the inclination of the channels with respect to the longitudinal central axis in the flow direction in particular continuously or stepwise and continuously or progressively increase, wherein the inclination of the channels at the inlet may have the value zero that is, the channels then run at their entry parallel to the longitudinal central axis.
  • the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement can have a plurality of layers of a corrugated or folded first web material radially to the longitudinal center axis whose waves or folds form the catalytically active or inactive channels, wherein an intermediate layer of a smooth second radially between two adjacent layers Web material is arranged.
  • This construction ensures that radially adjacent waves or folds can not penetrate each other, so that the channels always have constant flow cross-sections.
  • a device 1 has a flow-through catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2, whose upstream side 3 is supplied with a gaseous fuel-oxidizer mixture 4, which in FIG Fig. 1 symbolized by arrows. It is expressly stated herein that neither the production of the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement nor the catalyst swirl generator arrangement alone is the subject of the present invention.
  • the device 1 forms a burner with an inflow line 30, in which the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 is arranged.
  • the catalyst swirl generator assembly 2 is formed so that it burns a portion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture 4 and that exits at a downstream side 5 a swirl flow, which is symbolized by an arrow 6.
  • the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2 is arranged immediately before an abrupt cross-sectional widening 7 (cross-sectional jump), which is formed at the inlet of a combustion chamber 8. As a result, the swirl flow can burst immediately.
  • a central recirculation zone 9 can thereby be formed in the combustion chamber 8.
  • Corresponding vortices 10 are indicated by closed arrow lines.
  • the recirculation zone 9 forms a kind of anchoring for a homogeneous flame front 11 in the combustion chamber 8.
  • a stabilization of the flame front 11 results from the fact that the central vortex 10 mixing between the products of homogeneous combustion in the combustion chamber 8 with the partially burned products of the catalytic Support combustion in the catalyst swirler assembly 2. This corresponds to an internal exhaust gas recirculation, which causes an intensive preheating of the total mixture and at the same time the local velocities to values reduced, which correspond to the flame speed.
  • a recirculation zone 12 which is generated by the sudden cross-sectional widening 7.
  • Corresponding vortices 13 are also indicated here by closed arrow lines.
  • the resulting flame stabilization additionally supports the complete combustion and reduces the emission of pollutants, such as CO and NO x , due to the improved mixing.
  • Such a device comes e.g. used in power plants and serves there to produce hot gases for operating a turbine, in particular a gas turbine.
  • part of the fuel-oxidizer mixture 4 burns as it flows through the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2, as a result of which the temperature of the introduced fuel-oxidizer mixture increases at the inlet of the combustion chamber 8.
  • These high temperatures additionally improve the flame stability and avoid the formation of pulsations.
  • the exact position of the flame front 11 in the combustion chamber 8 can be influenced by the geometry and / or the arrangement and / or the construction of the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2.
  • the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 preferably consists of a catalyst 14, which is designed as a swirl generator. It is also possible to form the swirl generator and the catalyst as separate components, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction. Such an embodiment is in Fig. 1 additionally indicated by a broken line which symbolizes the boundary 15 between an upstream catalyst 16 and a swirl generator 17 immediately adjacent to the catalyst 16.
  • the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 has a plurality of channels 18 and 19, which run essentially parallel to one another and can flow through them.
  • the one channels are formed as catalytically active channels 18, while the other channels are formed as catalytically inactive channels 19.
  • catalytically active channels 18 and catalytically inactive channels 19 alternate, whereby the cooling effect for the catalyst 14 or the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 is improved.
  • the channels 18, 19 are arranged distributed around a longitudinal central axis 20 of the here cylindrical, in particular circular cylindrical, catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2 in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction.
  • the longitudinal central axis 20 runs parallel to the main flow direction of the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2.
  • the channels 18, 19 are inclined relative to the longitudinal center axis 20, that is, the longitudinal directions of the channels 18, 19 are inclined relative to a straight line which is parallel to the longitudinal central axis 20.
  • This connection is in Fig. 2 by way of example with reference to a single channel 18, ie a longitudinal direction 21 of this channel 18 shown by a broken line is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to a straight line 22 which is also shown by a broken line and extends parallel to the longitudinal central axis 20.
  • This inclination angle ⁇ must be chosen large enough to ensure that the central recirculation zone 9 can form in the combustion chamber 8. In addition, the inclination angle ⁇ must not be too large to avoid an excessive pressure drop at the cross-sectional widening 7.
  • At least at radially outwardly disposed channels 18, 19 are suitable values for the angle ⁇ , for example, between 30 ° and 60 °, which may correspond, for example, swirl numbers ⁇ of 0.4 to 1.2. If the outflow side 5 of the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 is positioned immediately before the cross-sectional widening 7, the angle of inclination ⁇ and thus the pressure loss of the arrangement 2 can be reduced.
  • the inclination ⁇ of the channels 18, 19 with respect to the longitudinal central axis 20 in the flow direction of the catalyst swirl generator assembly 2 increase , This change in inclination can be done appropriately steadily and progressively.
  • the flow resistance of the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 can be optimized.
  • the inclination ⁇ of the channels 18, 19 may increase radially from inside to outside. This means that for channels 18, 19, which are arranged radially further inward, the inclination ⁇ may be smaller than in channels 18, 19, which are arranged radially further outward.
  • the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 may have a first longitudinal section 23 containing the inflow side 3 and a second longitudinal section 24 having the outflow side 5.
  • These longitudinal sections 23, 24 are in Fig. 2 marked by curly brackets.
  • the longitudinal sections 23, 24 can - as here - be about the same size.
  • the channels 18 and 19 in the first longitudinal section 23 may extend parallel to the longitudinal central axis 20, while in the second longitudinal section 24 they have an inclination with respect to the longitudinal central axis 20, which may optionally increase in the flow direction.
  • the swirl generator 17 is formed in the rear longitudinal section 24 of the arrangement 2.
  • the second longitudinal section 24 extends over approximately one fifth, one quarter or one third of the total length of the arrangement 2.
  • the catalyst swirler assembly 2 may be conveniently constructed by placing a corrugated or folded first web material 25 on a flat or smooth second web material 26 becomes.
  • a layering thereby forms in the radial direction, wherein the layers formed by the first web material 25 are radially separated from one another by intermediate layers which are formed by the second web material 26.
  • the second web material 26 ensures that the undulations and folds of the first web material 25 of the one layer can not protrude into the undulations and folds of the first web material 25 of a radially adjacent layer. Rather, the intermediate layers of the second web material 26 ensure constant channel cross-sections.
  • the individual channels 18 and 19 are formed by the waves or folds of the first web material 25.
  • the catalytically active channels 18 may suitably one side of the first web material 25, according to Fig. 3 in each case the upper side, be coated with a catalytically active coating 27.
  • the opposite underside of the first web material 25 is then uncoated, whereby the catalytically inactive channels 19 arise.
  • the layers of the second web material 26 may also be coated on one side with the catalyst coating 27 in order to form the catalytically active channels 18.
  • the web materials 25, 26 consist of a metal sheet, which is preformed and optionally coated.
  • the sheet materials 25 and 26 may be stacked concentrically with respect to the longitudinal central axis 20. However, an embodiment in which the web materials 25 and 26 are spirally layered with respect to the longitudinal central axis 20 is preferred. This results in a particularly simple way to Hertelung the catalyst-swirler assembly 2:
  • the stacked sheet materials 25 and 26 are wound on a spindle 28, which forms the center of the catalyst-swirl generator assembly 2 after winding and extends concentrically to the longitudinal central axis 20.
  • the spindle 28 thus carries the web material 25, 26, wherein its diameter is chosen so large that the winding of the corrugated or folded first web material 25 is still feasible with reasonable effort.
  • the complete winding can be secured, for example, by tension wires 29, which circumferentially surround the winding and keep it in shape at least until the installation of the catalyst-swirl generator arrangement 2 in a burner or the like.
  • this spindle 28 is formed so that with their help, the central recirculation zone 9 and the flame front 11 in the combustion chamber 8 (see. Fig. 1 ) can be influenced in particular in terms of shape and position.
  • the spindle 28 is formed as a flow-through pipe, which allows a central flow through the catalyst-swirler assembly 2 with the fuel-oxidizer mixture 4.
  • the tube-shaped spindle 28 may have at its outlet end an outlet nozzle or an outlet aperture, wherein it may also be expedient to design the outlet end in such a way that it converges in the flow direction.
  • aerodynamic variables of the flow entering the combustion chamber 8 can be changed, which affect the position and extent of the flame front 11 and / or the central recirculation zone 9.
  • the spin-generating structure requires a minimum length L which results from dividing the channel diameter by the tangent of the angle of inclination ⁇ .
  • the thus determined length is relatively short, so that the top too Fig. 1 explained construction with separate catalyst 16 and separate swirl generator 17 in the flow direction still relatively short builds.
  • the axial length of the formed as a swirl generator catalyst 14, so the catalyst swirler assembly 2, according to the requirements of the catalytic conversion of the system can be addressed.
  • the integrated construction of the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 is also of particular advantage when the arrangement 2, as described above with reference to Fig. 1 explained, two or more longitudinal sections 23, 24 has, in which the channels 18, 19 differ from each other in terms of their inclination.
  • the channels 18, 19 in the upstream first longitudinal section 23 with respect to the longitudinal central axis 20 are not inclined so that they are parallel to the main flow direction, while they are inclined in the downstream longitudinal section 24 and thus form the swirl generator.
  • the one-piece design of the catalyst-swirl generator assembly 2 reduces pressure losses at the transition between the successive longitudinal sections 23, 24.
  • a significant advantage of the catalyst swirl generator arrangement 2 presented here is seen in the fact that in the arrangement 2 according to the invention, the ignition of a homogeneous combustion reaction within the channels 18 can be avoided, whereby at the same time the risk of flashbacks is reduced.
  • the channels 18 with sufficiently small flow cross-sections which may for example be between 1 mm to 5 mm, are equipped. This has the consequence that form very large surfaces, which counteracts flame formation (thermodynamic flame extinction). In this way, along the length of the channels 18, the homogeneous ignition can be avoided.
  • a catalytically active surface within the swirl generator promotes the adsorption of radicals of the homogeneous phase, thereby avoiding the ignition and flashback (chemical flame extinction).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif pour la combustion d'un mélange gazeux de combustible et de comburant, notamment pour une centrale,
    - comprenant un agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) pouvant être parcouru par un écoulement, dans lequel une partie du mélange de combustible et de comburant est brûlée et qui produit un écoulement tourbillonnaire (6),
    - l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) étant disposé directement en amont d'un élargissement soudain de section transversale (7) à l'entrée d'une chambre de combustion (8),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) présente plusieurs canaux (18, 19) pouvant être parcourus par le courant, dont l'un est catalytiquement actif et l'autre est catalytiquement inactif,
    - en ce que les canaux (18, 19) sont répartis autour d'un axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) qui s'étend dans la direction d'écoulement principal à travers l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2), et en ce que les canaux (18, 19) sont inclinés par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2), de telle sorte que les directions longitudinales (21) des canaux (18, 19) s'étendent à chaque fois de manière inclinée par rapport à une droite (22) qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) présente un catalyseur (16) et un générateur de tourbillon (17) s'y raccordant directement en aval.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) présente un catalyseur (14) qui est réalisé sous forme de générateur de tourbillon.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'inclinaison des canaux (18, 19) par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) augmente dans la direction d'écoulement.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'inclinaison des canaux (18, 19) par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) augmente radialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les canaux (18, 19) s'étendent dans une première portion longitudinale (23) contenant le côté d'afflux (3) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2), parallèlement à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2), et sont seulement inclinés par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal (20) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) dans une deuxième portion longitudinale (24) contenant le côté de sortie (5) de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) présente, radialement à un axe médian longitudinal (20) s'étendant parallèlement à la direction d'écoulement principale à travers l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2), plusieurs couches constituées d'un premier matériau en bande (25) ondulé ou plié, dont les ondulations ou les plis forment les canaux (18, 19), une couche intermédiaire constituée d'un deuxième matériau en bande (26) plat ou lisse étant disposée radialement entre deux couches adjacentes.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les matériaux en bande (25, 26) sont revêtus de manière concentrique ou en spirale par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal (20).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2) présente une broche centrale (28), qui s'étend concentriquement par rapport à l'axe médian longitudinal et qui porte les matériaux en bande (25, 26).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la broche (28) est réalisée de telle sorte qu'elle influence de manière aérodynamique une zone de recirculation (9) et/ou un front de flamme (11) dans une chambre de combustion (8) disposée en aval de l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que la broche (28) est réalisée sous forme de tube pouvant être parcouru par un écoulement, par le biais duquel une partie du mélange de combustible et de comburant traverse centralement l'agencement de catalyseur et de générateur de tourbillon (2).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la broche tubulaire (28) converge à son extrémité de sortie et/ou présente un diaphragme de sortie et/ou une buse de sortie.
EP02405325A 2001-04-30 2002-04-22 Dispositif pour la combustion d'un mélange gazeux de combustible et comburant Expired - Lifetime EP1255077B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28699501P 2001-04-30 2001-04-30
US286995P 2001-04-30
CH20012298 2001-12-14
CH22982001 2001-12-14

Publications (3)

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EP1255077A2 EP1255077A2 (fr) 2002-11-06
EP1255077A3 EP1255077A3 (fr) 2004-01-07
EP1255077B1 true EP1255077B1 (fr) 2008-06-11

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US (1) US6638055B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1255077B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50212351D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO328378B1 (fr)

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DE50212351D1 (de) 2008-07-24
EP1255077A2 (fr) 2002-11-06
NO20022034D0 (no) 2002-04-29
US20020197580A1 (en) 2002-12-26
NO20022034L (no) 2002-10-31
US6638055B2 (en) 2003-10-28
NO328378B1 (no) 2010-02-08
EP1255077A3 (fr) 2004-01-07

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