EP1255074B1 - Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer - Google Patents
Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1255074B1 EP1255074B1 EP01810429A EP01810429A EP1255074B1 EP 1255074 B1 EP1255074 B1 EP 1255074B1 EP 01810429 A EP01810429 A EP 01810429A EP 01810429 A EP01810429 A EP 01810429A EP 1255074 B1 EP1255074 B1 EP 1255074B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burners
- kgv
- combustion chamber
- modulatable
- modulated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of thermal turbomachinery. It refers to a combustion chamber and a method of reduction thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion chamber according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9. Such a combustion chamber and such a method is known from document EP-A-0 962 704 already known.
- thermoacoustic vibrations A known method for suppressing thermoacoustic vibrations is an installation of so-called Helmholtz resonators, as in “Technical Acoustics ", Ivar Veit, Vogel Buchverlag, 1996, page 84
- Helmholtz resonators have the disadvantage that they only for one given frequency are designed, and that at an advent of more Pulsations with other frequencies further, for these frequencies designed resonators must be installed.
- thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion chamber of to create the aforementioned type which has the above-mentioned disadvantages fixes.
- the inventive combustion chamber thus has a number b0 of annular arranged burners, of which a number k of modulable Burners have means for modulating a fuel mass flow, where k ⁇ b0 and the modulatable burners are arranged such that between each two modulatable burners each a1, a2, ... ak not modulatable Burner are arranged, and that the values a1 + 1, a2 + 1, ..., ak + 1 are not integer divisors of b0.
- a preferred embodiment of the subject invention is a maximum value of kgV (b0, a1 + 1), kgV (b0, a2 + 1), ... kgV (b0, ak + 1) maximum, where kgV denotes the least common multiple.
- the number k of modulated burners is at least three.
- the a1, a2, ... ak are different from each other.
- distances between modulatable burners are taken into account, between which exactly one modulatable burner is arranged:
- the modulated burners are thus arranged such that a maximum value of kgV (b0, a1 + 1), kgV (b0, a2 + 1), ... kgV (b0, ak + 1), kgV (b0, a1 + a2 + 2), kgV (b0, a2 + a3 + 2), ... kgV (b0, ak + a1 + 2) is maximum.
- the modulatable Burner designed such that it their fuel mass flow with frequencies modulating which of natural frequencies of Modes that arise due to the arrangement of the modulated burners, are different. All modulated burners have the property that their modulation frequencies from that by the geometric and thermo-physical conditions of the combustion chamber specific, natural Instability frequency of the combustion chamber are different.
- thermoacoustic vibrations in an annular combustion chamber with a plurality of annularly arranged Burners of which several modulated burners means of modulation a fuel mass flow, wherein the number of burners is b0, in a number k of the modulating burner is the Fuel mass flow modulated, these modulated burners such are arranged that between each two modulated burners each a1, a2, ... ak unmodulated burners are arranged, and the distances of the burners a1 + 1, a2 + 1, ..., ak + 1 are not integer divisors of b0.
- the inventive method allows, in a combustion chamber which with equipped with several modulatable burners, damping of combustion pulsations to effect.
- this is done by using constant modulation frequencies, so that during operation of the combustion chamber no measurement of pulsations and a complicated control are required.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an annular arrangement of burners Ring combustion chamber with 24 burners. Burners are schematic by circles shown, modulated burners 1,2,3 are by circles with a cross shown.
- the combustion chamber is part of a thermal turbomachine or Turbomachine, in particular an industrial gas turbine.
- the combustion chamber is preferably a ring or a ring tube combustion chamber that is, their firebox encloses a rotor of the gas turbine.
- a burner for introducing the fuel into a working medium, for mixing the fuel with the working medium and optionally for stabilizing a flame.
- a burner for example, a flame tube, an arrangement for swirl stabilization of the flame or a fuel lance.
- a modulatable burner 1,2,3 becomes a means for modulating the fuel mass flow also considered as part of the burner.
- a modulating burner 1,2,3 has, for example, a main valve and as Modulation means on a parallel switched to modulation valve, which supply the burner with the fuel mass flow.
- This is the Main valve set to a mass flow below a nominal mass flow the burner is located.
- the modulation valve is an additional, periodically modulated with an excitation frequency of 0.1 to 1000 Hz, Mass flow added so that the total mass flow of the burner periodically by an average value equal to the nominal mass flow fluctuates.
- This increases the combustion process in the combustion chamber a periodic fluctuation excited, which is harmless itself, however the caused by disturbing combustion fluctuations periodic Pressure fluctuations remove energy, so that they are damped.
- the fuel modulation can also by a single suitable fuel valve per modulated burner happen.
- the nominal mass flow of the fuel is controlled by a superimposed control the gas turbine predetermined, which, for example, power, speed and / or temperatures of the gas turbine regulates and monitors.
- a plurality of burners common main valve, and have individual modulating burner 1,2,3 each associated modulation valve for adding a modulated Mass flow on.
- only a part of the burners is modulatable, and the modulatable burners are arranged such that between each pair of adjacent modulatable burners each a1, a2, ... ak are non-modulatable Are arranged and that the values a1 + 1, a2 + 1, ..., ak + 1 are not integer divisors of b0.
- the sum a1 + a2 + ... + ak + k is always b0.
- the smallest common multiples of ⁇ b0, a1 + 1 ⁇ , ⁇ b0, a2 + 1 ⁇ , ⁇ b0, a3 + 1 ⁇ are here 120, 72 and 120. The largest of these values is 120.
- Azimuthale acoustic Vibrations always propagate in annular combustion chambers in such modes out that one or more pressure nodes set on such burners, the flow processes that can not be influenced because of one have a suitable flow field. The self-adjusting fashion will be there due to the mechanical engineering reasons usually symmetrical Arrangement of burners determined.
- the possible instability frequencies result extending from the combustion chamber azimuthalen, which is the length of a full wave corresponds, or their integer divisors and multiples. Usually turns a mode whose oscillations are completely azimuthal to 360 ° of the combustion chamber run.
- the acoustic-physical theory can be an azimuthal thermoacoustic oscillation in an annular combustion chamber also spread in a fashion that the pressure oscillation run around more than 360 ° around the azimuthal of the combustion chamber, until a pressure node has to set again.
- the smallest common multiple here a minimum run length, measured in a number of burner diameters, one adjusting Pressure oscillation, after the first time again a pressure node can adjust. Because large wavelengths naturally have a lower energy, here have a lower pressure amplitude, the sense of the invention, the lasting reduction of the pressure fluctuation amplitudes, so be better achieved, the greater the smallest common multiple.
- the invention works as follows: The first modulatable burner is excited at a frequency that is of a natural frequency of an azimuthal Vibration of the combustion chamber is different. This will create a vibration dampened with this natural frequency and damage is avoided which would be caused by this vibration. Is only a first modulierbarer Burner 1 present, so this presence means one Asymmetry of the combustion chamber with otherwise non-modulated burners. This asymmetry usually leads to an azimuthal pulsation with a spatial wavelength, which is equal to the circumference of the combustion chamber and which modulates a node at the location of the first one Burner 1 has. This vibration is also called (basic) mode of the oscillatory system. Higher-frequency modes have additional Vibration node on, and their wavelength is an integer divisor the combustion chamber azimuth.
- the second modulating burner 2 is placed according to the invention. As a result, he is not in a node of the basic mode or a the first higher frequency modes.
- the wavelength of the next mode, the influenced by the position of the first and second modulatable burner 1,2 is equal to twice the distance between the two modulatable Burners.
- This next mode is achieved by the placement of the invention third modulated burner 3 attenuated. Depending on the exact geometric and physical conditions in the combustion chamber remaining modes through the combustion chamber itself and without active Action dampened.
- Values of the parameters k, a1, a2,... Ak which fulfill one or more of the required conditions, are determined heuristically or by means of nonlinear or stochastic optimization methods.
- the checking of the conditions is preferably done by first checking the first condition according to the above list. If several value combinations satisfy the first condition, those value combinations are selected which also fulfill the second condition. If several value combinations also satisfy the second condition, those value combinations are selected which also fulfill the third condition. The process continues analogously until only one optimal value combination is left over and / or all conditions are taken into account. In a variant of the invention, the fulfillment of the third condition is checked before the fulfillment of the second condition.
- Excitation frequencies for the modulated burners 1,2,3 are preferably different and chosen so that they are none of the present Stimulate vibration modes.
- the excitation frequencies are therefore of natural frequencies of modes, due to the arrangement of the modulated burner arise, different.
- Typical frequencies azimuthal thermoacoustic Combustion instabilities are present in current annular combustors at about 50 - 80 Hz.
- the modulation frequency can be significantly lower and should be about 20-30 Hz for the example mentioned. Practical experience shows that about 5% of the fuel mass flow must be modulated to effectively suppress instability.
- the excitation frequencies for example, due to calculations or measurements of natural frequencies during commissioning the turbine determines. These once determined excitation frequencies
- everyone will the modulable burner 1,2,3 in an "open-loop" or unregulated Operation excited with the respective excitation frequency. It is not a measurement Pulsations and / or a special control for controlling the modulable burner 1,2,3 required due to measurements.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an annular arrangement of burners Ring combustion chamber, wherein burner offset in the radial direction against each other are.
- the arrangement becomes the same as an arrangement treated without offset and become modulatable Burner 1,2,3 arranged as described above. If the radial Larger, the arrangement can be designed as two concentric annular Arrangements of burners are considered, as shown in Figure 4.
- distances between modulatable Burners 1,2,34,5 for each of the two concentric arrangements individually determined.
- the two concentric arrangements at least approximately the same Distances between modulated burners 1,2,34,5 on, the arrangements are twisted against each other.
- thermoacoustic Vibrations are arranged in a combustion chamber with several annular Burners, of which several modulated burners means of modulation a fuel mass flow, executed.
- several modulated burners become individual but not necessarily all modulated according to the invention. So it is differentiated between modulatable burners and actually modulated according to the invention Burners.
- this modulated burners are arranged such that between each two modulated Burners each a1, a2, ... ak unmodulated burners are arranged, and a least common multiple of ⁇ b0, a1 + 1, a2 + 1, ... ak + 1 ⁇ , respectively is maximum.
- the inventive method has the advantage that, for example, in a Gas turbine used with modulating burners to combat axial and / or helical combustion instabilities or for temperature control equipped, in a simple way also azimuthal vibrations can be damped.
- the modulation frequencies to combat the different instabilities are in similar frequency ranges, are for the individual case, however, different. It is advantageous if by the choice of as much as possible different frequencies the system Fuel / air supply combustion combustion chamber sustainably acoustic is detuned.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1)
maximal, wobei kgV das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache bezeichnet.
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1),
kgV(b0, a1+a2+2), kgV(b0, a2+a3+2), ... kgV(b0, ak+a1+2)
maximal ist.
- Figur 1
- schematisch eine ringförmige Anordnung von Brennern einer Ringbrennkammer mit 24 Brennern gemäss der Erfindung;
- Figur 2
- schematisch eine ringförmige Anordnung von Brennern einer Ringbrennkammer mit 20 Brennern gemäss der Erfindung;
- Figur 3
- schematisch eine ringförmige Anordnung von Brennern einer Ringbrennkammer gemäss der Erfindung, wobei Brenner in radialer Richtung gegeneinander versetzt sind; und
- Figur 4
- schematisch eine Anordnung von Brennern einer Ringbrennkammer gemäss der Erfindung, welche zwei konzentrische ringförmige Anordnungen bilden.
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1)
maximal, wobei kgV das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache bezeichnet. Die Summe a1+a2+ ... +ak+k beträgt immer b0.
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1)
ist maximal.
Diese Bedingung bewirkt auch, dass im Normalfall keine Achse existiert, zu welcher die Anordnung der modulierbaren Brenner spiegelsymmetrisch ist. Ist dies unvermeidbar, so muss die Modulationsfrequenz des mittleren Brenners so gewählt werden, dass sie kein ganzzahliger Teiler und auch kein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der natürlichen Instabilitätsfrequenz zwischen den Brennern ist.
a1+a2+ ... +ak+k = b0
ist. Dieser Schritt wird für verschiedene Werte von k wiederholt. Die Überprüfung der Bedingungen geschieht vorzugsweise, indem zuerst die erste Bedingung entsprechend der obigen Liste überprüft wird. Falls mehrere Wertekombinationen die erste Bedingung erfüllen, werden von diesen Wertekombinationen jene ausgewählt, welche auch die zweite Bedingung erfüllen. Falls mehrere Wertekombinationen auch die zweite Bedingung erfüllen, werden von diesen Wertekombinationen jene ausgewählt, welche auch die dritte Bedingung erfüllen. Das Verfahren wird analog fortgesetzt, bis nur eine somit optimale Wertekombination übrigbleibt und/oder alle Bedingungen berücksichtigt sind. In einer Variante der Erfindung wird die Erfüllung der dritten Bedingung vor der Erfüllung der zweiten Bedingung überprüft.
- 1
- erster modulierbarer Brenner
- 2
- zweiter modulierbarer Brenner
- 3
- dritter modulierbarer Brenner
- 4
- vierter modulierbarer Brenner
- 5
- fünfter modulierbarer Brenner
Claims (10)
- Brennkammer mit mehreren ringförmig angeordneten Brennern, von denen mehrere modulierbare Brenner (1,2,3,4,5) Mittel zur Modulation eines Brennstoffmassenstroms aufweisen, wobei die Anzahl von Brennern b0 beträgt und die Anzahl modulierbarer Brenner (1,2,34,5) k beträgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass k<b0 ist und die modulierbaren Brenner (1,2,3,4,5) derart angeordnet sind, dass zwischen je zwei modulierbaren Brennern (1,2,3,4,5) je a1, a2, ... ak nicht modulierbare Brenner angeordnet sind, und dass die Werte a1+1, a2+1, ..., ak+1 keine ganzzahligen Teiler von b0 sind.
- Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein grösster Wert von
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1)
maximal ist, wobei kgV das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache bezeichnet. - Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens drei der Brenner modulierbare Brenner (1,2,3,4,5) sind.
- Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die a1, a2, ... ak voneinander verschieden sind.
- Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein grösster Wert von
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1),
kgV(b0, a1+a2+2), kgV(b0, a2+a3+2), ... kgV(b0, ak+a1+2)
maximal ist, wobei kgV das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache bezeichnet. - Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die modulierten Brenner zur Modulation ihres Brennstoffmassenstroms mit Frequenzen ausgebildet sind, welche von Eigenfrequenzen von Modi, die aufgrund der Anordnung der modulierten Brenner entstehen, verschieden sind.
- Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass b0=24, k=3, a1=4, a2=9 und a3=10 ist.
- Brennkammer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass b0=20, k=3, a1=5, a2=8 und a3=7 ist.
- Verfahren zur Reduktion thermoakustischer Schwingungen in einer Brennkammer mit mehreren ringförmig angeordneten Brennern, von denen mehrere modulierbare Brenner Mittel zur Modulation eines Brennstoffmassenstroms aufweisen, wobei die Anzahl von Brennern b0 beträgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer Anzahl k der modulierbaren Brenner der Brennstoffmassenstrom moduliert wird, wobei diese modulierten Brenner derart angeordnet sind, dass zwischen je zwei modulierten Brennern je a1, a2, ... ak nichtmodulierte Brenner angeordnet sind, und dass die Werte a1+1, a2+1, ..., ak+1 keine ganzzahligen Teiler von b0 sind.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein grösster Wert von
kgV(b0, a1+1), kgV(b0, a2+1), ... kgV(b0, ak+1)
maximal ist, wobei kgV das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache bezeichnet.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50108163T DE50108163D1 (de) | 2001-05-01 | 2001-05-01 | Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer |
EP01810429A EP1255074B1 (de) | 2001-05-01 | 2001-05-01 | Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer |
US10/132,152 US6595002B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2002-04-26 | Vibration reduction in a combustion chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01810429A EP1255074B1 (de) | 2001-05-01 | 2001-05-01 | Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1255074A1 EP1255074A1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
EP1255074B1 true EP1255074B1 (de) | 2005-11-23 |
Family
ID=8183886
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01810429A Expired - Lifetime EP1255074B1 (de) | 2001-05-01 | 2001-05-01 | Schwingungsreduktion in einer Brennkammer |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6595002B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1255074B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50108163D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6986254B2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2006-01-17 | Power Systems Mfg, Llc | Method of operating a flamesheet combustor |
DE10325455A1 (de) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-30 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer ringförmigen Brenneranordnung in einer Zwischenerhitzungsstufe einer mehrstufigen Verbrennungseinrichtung einer Gasturbine |
DE102004015186A1 (de) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-20 | Alstom Technology Ltd Baden | Gasturbinen-Brennkammer und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren |
US7568349B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-08-04 | General Electric Company | Method for controlling combustion device dynamics |
DE102006051286A1 (de) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-04-30 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Brennervorrichtung |
EP1930569A1 (de) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-06-11 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | System zur Regelung eines Verbrennungsprozesses für eine Gasturbine |
US8028512B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2011-10-04 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Active combustion control for a turbine engine |
US8631656B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2014-01-21 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine combustor circumferential acoustic reduction using flame temperature nonuniformities |
US20100192578A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | General Electric Company | System and method for suppressing combustion instability in a turbomachine |
US8650880B1 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2014-02-18 | Jansen's Aircraft Systems Controls, Inc. | Active combustion control for turbine engine |
US8408004B2 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2013-04-02 | General Electric Company | Resonator assembly for mitigating dynamics in gas turbines |
US20110067377A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustion dynamics control system |
US9719685B2 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2017-08-01 | General Electric Company | System and method for flame stabilization |
US20150167980A1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-18 | Jared M. Pent | Axial stage injection dual frequency resonator for a combustor of a gas turbine engine |
US9709279B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2017-07-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for control of combustion dynamics in combustion system |
US9845956B2 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2017-12-19 | General Electric Company | System and method for control of combustion dynamics in combustion system |
CN106796032B (zh) * | 2014-10-06 | 2019-07-09 | 西门子公司 | 用于阻抑高频燃烧动力状态下的振动模式的燃烧室和方法 |
DE102017201771A1 (de) | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Umfangsstufungskonzept für eine Brenneranordnung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ114994A3 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1994-08-17 | Siemens Ag | Device for suppressing vibrations induced by combustion within a combustion chamber |
DE19615910B4 (de) * | 1996-04-22 | 2006-09-14 | Alstom | Brenneranordnung |
DE19636093B4 (de) * | 1996-09-05 | 2004-07-29 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur akustischen Modulation einer von einem Hybridbrenner erzeugten Flamme |
DE19704540C1 (de) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-07-23 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur aktiven Dämpfung einer Verbrennungsschwingung und Verbrennungsvorrichtung |
US6560967B1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2003-05-13 | Jeffrey Mark Cohen | Method and apparatus for use with a gas fueled combustor |
SE9802707L (sv) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-02-12 | Abb Ab | Brännkammaranordning och förfarande för att reducera inverkan av akustiska trycksvängningar i en brännkammaranordning |
DE19849300A1 (de) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-04-20 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Reduzierung der akustischen Energie benachbarter Brennquellen in Verbrennungsanlagen |
US20020157400A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-10-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas turbine with combined can-type and annular combustor and method of operating a gas turbine |
-
2001
- 2001-05-01 EP EP01810429A patent/EP1255074B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-01 DE DE50108163T patent/DE50108163D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-26 US US10/132,152 patent/US6595002B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50108163D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
US6595002B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
EP1255074A1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
US20020162336A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
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