EP1250195B1 - Procede de realisation d'isolations de conducteurs electriques par recouvrement avec une poudre - Google Patents

Procede de realisation d'isolations de conducteurs electriques par recouvrement avec une poudre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1250195B1
EP1250195B1 EP00982814A EP00982814A EP1250195B1 EP 1250195 B1 EP1250195 B1 EP 1250195B1 EP 00982814 A EP00982814 A EP 00982814A EP 00982814 A EP00982814 A EP 00982814A EP 1250195 B1 EP1250195 B1 EP 1250195B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
insulation
individual layers
curing
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00982814A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1250195A2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Baumann
Johann Nienburg
Jörg Oesterheld
Jörg SOPKA
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the insulation of electrical conductors of apparatus in the low to medium voltage range (i.e., up to about 50 kV) by powder coating. Likewise, the insulation in the high voltage range is possible, provided the conductors are not subjected to the full potential drop.
  • the invention in particular relates to insulation of electrical conductors that are thermally and electrically loaded, such as insulation of electrical conductors or conductor bundles rotating electrical machines. Other examples of possible Applications are switchgear and transformers.
  • E E 0 ⁇ t t 0 - 1 n .
  • E the electric field in kV / mm
  • E 0 the electric field at the lifetime t 0
  • t the time in h
  • t 0 1 h
  • n the lifetime coefficient.
  • the extrusion process used to make cable insulation is a continuous process, which is particularly suitable for the production of quasi-infinite, geometrically simpler structures.
  • the use of polyethylene for many possible applications not suitable because such PE isolations are used only up to about 90 ° C. can.
  • the invention seeks to avoid all these disadvantages. Its the task a method for producing insulation of electrical conductors by means of To provide a powder coating, which compared to glass mica or Giessharzisoltechnik has improved aging behavior.
  • this is achieved by using a method according to the preamble of claim 1, the powder up to a total thickness of the insulation of ⁇ 10 mm successively, in the form of successive Single layers applied and each of the individual layers before applying the next single layer thermally cured.
  • a curing time which is 2-10 times the Gel time of the powder used corresponds. Completion is a final hardening the entire insulation.
  • a powder which contains at least one fusible and curable resin-hardener auxiliary system and at least one inorganic filler.
  • the content of inorganic filler 5 to 50 weight percent, based on a closed density of the filler of up to 4 g / cm 3 .
  • At least 3 percent by weight of the total mixture of the powder consist of fine filler with an average particle size d 50 ⁇ 3 microns.
  • the remaining filler consists of coarse filler with a mean particle size d 50 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m.
  • the course of the powder melting to a closed film is at least 25 mm and the gelation time of the melted powder is at least 40 s.
  • Suitable coating method for applying the powder to be coated electrical conductors are the spray or vortex sintering or the thermal spraying of powder in the molten state. It can by a selection of resin-hardener adjuvant systems having a glass transition temperature of the thermosetting plastic of at least 130 ° C guaranteed be that isolation for all applications of medium voltage range can be used.
  • either only single layers with a uniform Layer thickness or single layers of different layer thickness in any Order are applied to the electrical conductors to be insulated. moreover Can be used to apply single layers of powder of different composition be used. This makes it possible to produce an insulation which meets the expected requirements according to the conditions of use the insulated electrical conductor is fair.
  • the polymer-based powder according to the invention contains at least one non-crosslinked system consisting of resin, hardener and auxiliaries, as well as electrically insulating inorganic fillers.
  • the auxiliaries influence, for example, the curing time or the process, it being possible to use auxiliaries known from the prior art.
  • Electrically insulating inorganic fillers to about 50 weight percent in amounts of about 5 on fillers with a closed density contain up to 4 g / cm 3 of.
  • the filler is either entirely as a fine filler with a mean particle size d 50 ⁇ 3 microns, especially d 50 ⁇ 1 micron, more preferably d 50 between 0.01 and 0.3 microns, or as a mixture of fine filler and coarse filler with d 50 ⁇ 30 microns, in particular between 3 and 20 microns, before.
  • the proportion of fine filler in the total mixture of the powder should be at least 3%, in particular at least 5%, and the polymer to be formed from resin and hardener should be a thermoset having a glass transition temperature of at least 130 ° C. in the crosslinked state.
  • Preferred fine fillers have a mean diameter d 50 of about 0.2 microns, although finer fillers can be used, which has a positive effect on the corona resistance but negative effect on the flow properties (thixotropy) of the molten insulating material.
  • the total filler content is about 40%. If the filler has an average closed density greater than 4 g / cm 3 , the limit and preferred values given hereinabove and below may be higher.
  • the fine filler and coarse filler may be different materials have different hardness. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the fine filler or the coarse filler or the fine filler and the coarse filler Mixtures of fillers of equal or different hardness are.
  • the coarse filler In order to prevent abrasion during the production of the insulating material or its processing for insulation, which is essential in particular in today's conventional use of steel or carbide equipment in the compounding and milling of the insulating material, the coarse filler must have a Mohs hardness, preferably at least one hardness unit below that of steel and hard metal (Mohs hardness of about 6).
  • Mohs hardness preferably at least one hardness unit below that of steel and hard metal
  • the processing leads to metallic abrasion, preferably in the form of chips in the sub-mm range. These are incorporated into the insulation and, due to their needle-like geometry, lead to points with a locally very greatly increased electric field strength, from which experience has shown that electrical breakdown can be triggered. Microscopic investigations revealed a surface density of such metallic particles of 1-3 / 100 mm 2 when using SiO 2 as coarse filler.
  • the abrasion is avoided by using "soft" fillers (Mohs hardness ⁇ 4) such as chalk meal and / or by using finer fillers with d 50 ⁇ 1 .mu.m.
  • Such fine fillers moreover have the advantage that they can prevent or at least greatly retard the electrical breakdown even in the presence of defects such as cavities or metallic inclusions (see in this regard US Pat. No. 4,760,296, DE 40 37 972 A1).
  • the life-prolonging effect is achieved by complete or partial replacement of the coarse filler by fillers with particle sizes in the nanometer range (0.005 to 0.1 microns maximum grain size).
  • Nanofillers however, have the unpleasant property of greatly increasing the melt toughness of the powder mixture (thixotropic effect).
  • TiO 2 powder with average grain sizes of about 0.2 microns as a complete or partial replacement for coarse filler does not lead to an adverse increase in melt viscosity and still has the life-prolonging effects in the nature of nano-fillers. In this way, insulation with low electrical aging could be realized.
  • the electrically insulating inorganic fillers are preferably selected from carbonates, silicates and metal oxides, which may also be present in the form of minced minerals.
  • examples of such fillers are, for example, TiO 2 , CaCO 3 , ZnO, wollastonite, clay and talc, with TiO 2 , ZnO and clay especially as fine filler and CaCO 3 , wollastonite and talc having particle sizes of about 10 ⁇ m (average particle size d 50 ) being especially specific are suitable as coarse filler.
  • Fillers of the desired grain size can be obtained in various ways be, e.g. by special precipitation methods, combustion processes, etc. but also by mechanical comminution, all of these methods being optional can be coupled with a fractionation or sieving process.
  • the presence of at least 5 weight percent filler and at least 3 weight percent, preferably at least 5 weight percent filler is essential because the filler is electrically insulating, increases mechanical strength, improves thermal conductivity, lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion, increases UV resistance and contributes to viscosity adjustment ,
  • the fines filler is also essential for increasing corona resistance, while the coarse filler allows for an increase in filler content with less increase in viscosity than would be the case with fines.
  • Filler contents above 50 percent by weight based on fillers with a closed density of up to 4 g / cm 3 and a maximum grain size of 20 microns and too high Feinglallergehalte are critical, since problems occur due to excessive viscosity both in the production of the insulating material and in its processing ,
  • thermosets for the matrix of insulating materials of the present invention in the cured state have a glass transition temperature of 130 ° C - 200 ° C, preferably 150 ° C - 180 ° C.
  • thermoset Since the inventive insulating material for a good insulation, as they are for the preferred applications is required, bubble-free or at least as much as possible should be bubble-free, should the resin-hardener excipient system of thermoset be such that it hardens without release of volatile substances.
  • the resin-hardener adjuvant system has a gel time, which at best in it or at the to be coated Surface adsorbed water or other volatile substances allows to escape from the insulating layer before this too much solidified, so that at best emerged pores at this exit respectively Can close bubbles.
  • the mixture of resin, hardener and organic additives should have a melting point have a maximum of 200 ° C, in which it is essential that the Melting point is below the activation temperature of the curing reaction, or that the curing reaction proceeds very slowly at the melting temperature, and can be stopped substantially when cooled. This is necessary to to prevent a far-reaching hardening already in the production of the insulating material.
  • the curing properties can be adjusted by adding suitable substances It must be ensured that such substances are nonvolatile or completely outgassed within the gel time.
  • the mixture has made of resin, hardener and organic auxiliaries a melting point of at least 50 ° C, in particular from 70 ° C - 120 ° C.
  • the Melting point of resin and / or hardener at up to about 200 ° C.
  • Such a high one Melting point is because of the activation of the curing reaction, which is usually in a similar, if not deeper, area is problematic.
  • Curing is usually carried out in a temperature range from 70 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably in a range of 130 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • thermoset is highly cross-linked, respectively has a high crosslink density.
  • a preferred thermoset is a Epoxy resin. Epoxy resin is i.a. preferred because both the carboxylic acid anhydride as well as the amine curing without release of volatile substances from the Resin resp. the hardener takes place. Furthermore, epoxy resin is usually crosslinking and the crosslink density can be increased by using di- or polyanhydrides as curing agents or polyamines and / or as a resin multifunctional, branched-chain Epoxy resins are used. To lower the volatility of the components and to increase the glass transition point are aromatic group-containing Resins and / or hardener preferred.
  • inventive insulating material additives contain auxiliaries, such as activators, accelerators, pigments etc., such substances are preferably low volatility.
  • the glass transition temperature (T g ) should be in this temperature range, preferably between 130 ° C and 200 ° C. Glass transition temperatures significantly higher than 200 ° C on the one hand difficult to realize and on the other hand lead to a material that is quite brittle in the room temperature.
  • the filler content is important, which should be> 10% by volume with such high requirements, which is about 23% by weight at a closed density of 4 g / cm 3 equivalent.
  • An insulation for the medium voltage and lower high voltage range thermally and electrically highly loaded electrical conductor is preferably characterized manufactured, that the electrical conductors to be coated at least partially be covered with an inventive insulating material, whereupon the Insulating material to a temperature above the melting and activation temperature for the curing of the resin-hardener excipient system of thermosetting and brought held there until gelation.
  • inventive insulating material e.g. a temperature above the melting and activation temperature for the curing of the resin-hardener excipient system of thermosetting and brought held there until gelation.
  • the above-mentioned freedom from bubbles is due both to the choice of process control as well as determined by different material properties. It's important, that the insulating material has a sufficiently low viscosity in the liquid state, to go well, and that the gel time is long enough for all the bubble-forming Admixtures (e.g., adsorbed water) may evaporate. This requirement after long gel times, the trend of powder coating is opposite, which to achieve high throughput times in thin-film painting the gel times deliberately set low by adding accelerators (typically 15 seconds (s)). By reducing the proportion of accelerators, however, can be the gel times of commercial powders without difficulty at times of ⁇ 60s, preferably 80-160s, which are sufficient for the present application are long.
  • accelerators typically 15 seconds (s)
  • the viscosity of spray powders is usually not considered separate Size measured and specified; but instead the so-called process, which results from viscosity and gel time, specified. bubble-free Layers are achieved when the drain> 25 mm, preferably 30-50 mm, is.
  • the thickness of a single layer being 0.05-0.3 mm, preferably 0.2 mm.
  • the powder was not optimized for slow gel times and therefore contained bubbles with diameters up to 0.3 mm in diameter. Electrodes of 80 mm diameter were applied to the plates. Subsequently, the samples were aged at 16 kV / mm under oil. Due to the bubbles, the samples were partially discharged (TE) during the test. After 2600 hours (h), the tests were stopped without a breakdown being observed.
  • Cu profiles with lxbxh 600 x 15 x 50 mm and edge radius 2.5 mm were coated with epoxy powder (with TiO 2 filler 35%) and a drain of 50 mm.
  • the layer thickness was 0.5-1 mm. Except for a few and very small bubbles ( ⁇ 50 microns), the insulation is completely void-free, as revealed by microscopic examinations on sections.
  • the tan ⁇ of the material remained below 10% in the range from room temperature to 200 ° C, so that only small electrical losses occurred.
  • the test pieces manufactured in 2 and 3 were subjected to an electrical life test subjected.
  • the result of the test is shown in the single figure. It exists no significant difference with regard to the two types of fillers.
  • a big part The data points shown correspond to samples that have not yet been broken through are; the final achievable life curve is even flatter than that shown in the figure.
  • This was usually at the edge of the profile, where the specified field strength by a factor of 1.7 compared to the homogenous field strength (related stress U / d with d layer thickness) is excessive (in the characteristic shown is this Field elevation factor not yet included).
  • the lifetime characteristic is extremely flat, which means that the material has a low electrical Aging undergoes and the permanent field strength, the expected lifetime of 20 years, not significantly lower than those in the short-term test measured breakdown field strength.
  • the lifetime coefficient n was about 33.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'isolations de conducteurs électriques par revêtement par poudre à base de matières synthétiques duroplastiques, caractérisé en ce que :
    a) la poudre est appliquée successivement et plusieurs fois sous la forme de couches individuelles successives jusqu'à obtenir une isolation d'une épaisseur totale ≤ 10 mm,
    b) chacune des couches individuelles subit un durcissement thermique intermédiaire avant l'application de la couche individuelle suivante,
    c) lors du durcissement intermédiaire de chaque couche individuelle, on respecte un temps de durcissement qui correspond à 2 à 10 fois la durée de gélification de la poudre utilisée et
    d) on réalise enfin un durcissement final de l'ensemble de l'isolation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le durcissement thermique intermédiaire est réalisé pendant une durée qui correspond à 3 à 5 fois la durée de gélification de la poudre utilisée.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les couches individuelles sont appliquées en couches d'une épaisseur ≤ 0,5 mm.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les couches individuelles sont appliquées en couches d'une épaisseur ≤ 0,3 mm et en particulier en couches d'une épaisseur de 0,2 mm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique uniquement des couches individuelles de même épaisseur.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique des couches individuelles de différentes épaisseurs.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour appliquer les couches individuelles, on utilise des poudres de différentes compositions.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la poudre est appliquée par frittage par pulvérisation ou en lit fluidisé.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la poudre est appliquée à l'état fondu par pulvérisation thermique.
EP00982814A 1999-12-28 2000-12-21 Procede de realisation d'isolations de conducteurs electriques par recouvrement avec une poudre Expired - Lifetime EP1250195B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19963378 1999-12-28
DE19963378A DE19963378A1 (de) 1999-12-28 1999-12-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isolierungen elektrischer Leiter mittels Pulverbeschichtung
PCT/CH2000/000683 WO2001048763A2 (fr) 1999-12-28 2000-12-21 Procede de realisation d'isolations de conducteurs electriques par recouvrement avec une poudre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1250195A2 EP1250195A2 (fr) 2002-10-23
EP1250195B1 true EP1250195B1 (fr) 2005-09-07

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EP00982814A Expired - Lifetime EP1250195B1 (fr) 1999-12-28 2000-12-21 Procede de realisation d'isolations de conducteurs electriques par recouvrement avec une poudre

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Country Link
US (1) US6942900B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1250195B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003520664A (fr)
KR (1) KR20020075387A (fr)
CN (1) CN1321749C (fr)
AT (1) ATE303871T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1980301A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20022253A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE19963378A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2002120489A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001048763A2 (fr)

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EP1769511B1 (fr) * 2004-07-13 2011-02-02 Areva T&D Sas Procede de fabrication d'un isolateur pour une utilisation en haute tension
US7579397B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2009-08-25 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Nanostructured dielectric composite materials
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CN102974517B (zh) * 2012-11-29 2014-04-16 陕西电力科学研究院 一种超高压输电线路防噪音涂层的制备方法
US10060851B2 (en) 2013-03-05 2018-08-28 Plexense, Inc. Surface plasmon detection apparatuses and methods
KR101592241B1 (ko) 2013-04-15 2016-02-05 (주)플렉센스 나노 입자 어레이의 제조 방법, 표면 플라즈몬 공명 기반의 센서, 및 이를 이용한 분석 방법
KR102451355B1 (ko) * 2015-02-02 2022-10-07 폭스바겐 악티엔 게젤샤프트 절연층을 도포하기 위한 방법 및 전기 부품
TWI587346B (zh) * 2015-07-22 2017-06-11 松川精密股份有限公司 具陶瓷複合材料之繼電器開關元件

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1980301A (en) 2001-07-09
JP2003520664A (ja) 2003-07-08
KR20020075387A (ko) 2002-10-04
CN1321749C (zh) 2007-06-20
EP1250195A2 (fr) 2002-10-23
ATE303871T1 (de) 2005-09-15
US6942900B2 (en) 2005-09-13
RU2002120489A (ru) 2004-02-20
WO2001048763A2 (fr) 2001-07-05
WO2001048763A3 (fr) 2001-12-20
CZ20022253A3 (cs) 2003-03-12
DE50011136D1 (de) 2005-10-13
US20030113539A1 (en) 2003-06-19
CN1437512A (zh) 2003-08-20
DE19963378A1 (de) 2001-07-12

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