Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/15—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C311/16—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to an acyclic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/15—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C311/16—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to an acyclic carbon atom
  • C07C311/19—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to an acyclic carbon atom to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/30—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/45—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups at least one of the singly-bound nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom, e.g. N-acylaminosulfonamides
  • C07C311/46—Y being a hydrogen or a carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
  • C07D295/185—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aliphatic carboxylic acids

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa or when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation (e.g. thrombin, fVTIa, fIXa) or the fibrinolytic cascades (e.g. plasminogen activators, plasmin).
• the present invention relates to novel ⁇ -amino acid-, aspartic acid- and diaminopropionic-based factor Xa-inhibiting compounds, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of blood coagulation in mammals.
• the invention relates to methods for using these inhibitors as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals characterized by undesired thrombosis or coagulation disorders.
• Hemostasis the control of bleeding, occurs by surgical means, or by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation.
• This invention is particularly concerned with blood coagulation and ways in which it assists in maintaining the integrity of mammalian circulation after injury, inflammation, disease, congenital defect, dysfunction or other disruption.
• platelets and blood coagulation are both involved in thrombus formation, certain components of the coagulation cascade are primarily responsible for the amplification or acceleration of the processes involved in platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition.
• Thrombin is a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade as well as in hemostasis.
• Thrombin plays a central role in thrombosis through its ability to catalyze the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and through its potent platelet activation activity.
• Direct or indirect inhibition of thrombin activity has been the focus of a variety of recent anticoagulant strategies as reviewed by Claeson, G., "Synthetic Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Substrates and Inhibitors of Thrombin and Other Proteases in the Blood Coagulation System", Blood Coag. Fibrinol. 5, 411-436 (1994).
• Several classes of anticoagulants currently used in the clinic directly or indirectly affect thrombin (i.e. heparins, low-molecular weight heparins, heparin-like compounds and coumarins).
• a prothrombinase complex including Factor Xa (a serine protease, the activated form of its Factor X precursor and a member of the calcium ion binding, gamma carboxyglutamyl (Gla)-containing, vitamin K dependent, blood coagulation glycoprotein family), converts the zymogen prothrombin into the active procoagulant thrombin.
• Factor Xa a serine protease, the activated form of its Factor X precursor and a member of the calcium ion binding, gamma carboxyglutamyl (Gla)-containing, vitamin K dependent, blood coagulation glycoprotein family
• Ga carboxyglutamyl
• Polypeptides derived from hematophagous organisms have been reported which are highly potent and specific inhibitors of factor Xa.
• United States Patent 4,588,587 describes anticoagulant activity in the saliva of the Mexican leech, Haementeria officinalis. A principal component of this saliva was shown to be the polypeptide factor Xa inhibitor, antistasin (ATS), by Nutt, E. et al, "The Amino Acid Sequence of Antistasin, a Potent Inhibitor of Factor Xa Reveals a Repeated Internal Structure", J. Biol. Chem., 263, 10162-10167 (1988).
• ATS antistasin
• tick anticoagulant peptide Another potent and highly specific inhibitor of Factor Xa, called tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP), has been isolated from the whole body extract of the soft tick Ornithidoros moubata, as reported by Waxman, L., et al, "Tick Anticoagulant Peptide (TAP) is a Novel Inhibitor of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa" Science, 248, 593-596 (1990).
• Factor Xa inhibitory compounds which are not large polypeptide-type inhibitors have also been reported including: Tidwell, R.R. et al, "Strategies for Anticoagulation With Synthetic Protease Inhibitors. Xa Inhibitors Versus Thrombin Inhibitors", Thromb. Res., 19, 339-349 (1980); Turner, A.D. et al, "p-Amidino Esters as Irreversible Inhibitors of Factor IXa and Xa and Thrombin", Biochemistry, 25, 4929-4935 (1986); Hitomi, Y.
• Factor Xa inhibitors which are small molecule organic compounds, such as nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds which have amidino substituent groups, wherein two functional groups of the compounds can bind to Factor Xa at two of its active sites.
• WO 99/10316 describes compounds having a 4-phenyl-N-alkylamidino-piperidine and 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino-piperidine group connected to a 3-amidinophenyl group via a carboxamidealkyleneamino bridge
• EP 798295 describes compounds having a 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino- piperidine
• the present invention relates to novel compounds which inhibit factor Xa, their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which have particular biological properties and are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of undesired thrombosis or blood coagulation in mammals.
• the invention relates to methods of using these inhibitors as diagnostic reagents or as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals characterized by undesired thrombosis or coagulation disorders.
• compounds of the invention can be used in the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary or cerebrovascular syndrome, any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system, any coagulopathy, and any thrombotic complications associated with extraco ⁇ oreal circulation or instrumentation.
• Compounds of the invention may also be used to inhibit coagulation in biological samples.
• this invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation cascade (e.g.
• the present invention provides compounds comprising a bridging group which is a member selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -amino acids, aspartic acids and diaminopropionic acids.
• a bridging group which is a member selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -amino acids, aspartic acids and diaminopropionic acids.
• Particular embodiments of the compounds of the present invention are set forth below as preferred embodiments and include all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives thereof.
• the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention includes methods comprising using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention for preventing or treating disease states characterized by undesired thrombosis or disorders of the blood coagulation process in mammals, or for preventing coagulation in biological samples such as, for example, stored blood products and samples.
• the methods of this invention comprise administering the pharmaceutical composition in combination with an additional therapeutic agent such as an antithrombotic and or a thrombolytic agent and/or an anticoagulant.
• alkenyl refers to a trivalent straight chain or branched chain unsaturated aliphatic radical.
• alkynyl refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic radical that includes at least two carbons joined by a triple bond. If no number of carbons is specified alkenyl and alkynyl each refer to radicals having from 2-12 carbon atoms.
• alkyl refers to saturated aliphatic groups including straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic groups having the number of carbon atoms specified, or if no number is specified, having up to 12 carbon atoms.
• cycloalkyl refers to a mono-, bi-, or tricyclic aliphatic ring having 3 to 14 carbon atoms and preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
• the terms "carbocyclic ring structure " and " C - ⁇ 6 carbocyclic mono, bicyclic or tricyclic ring structure” or the like are each intended to mean stable ring structures having only carbon atoms as ring atoms wherein the ring structure is a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of: a stable monocyclic ring which is aromatic ring ("aryl") having six ring atoms; a stable monocyclic non-aromatic ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms in the ring; a stable bicyclic ring structure having a total of from 7 to 12 ring atoms in the two rings wherein the bicyclic ring structure is selected from the group consisting of ring structures in which both of the rings are aromatic, ring structures in which one of the rings is aromatic and ring structures in which both of the rings are non-aromatic; and a stable tricyclic ring structure having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings
• non-aromatic rings when present in the monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring structure may independently be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated.
• carbocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin), 2.2.2]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin).
• the ring structures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
• substituted as used in conjunction with carbocyclic ring structures means that hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms of ring structures described herein may be substituted by one or more of the substituents indicated for that structure if such substitution(s) would result in a stable compound.
• aryl which is included with the term “carbocyclic ring structure” refers to an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic ring, substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, hydroxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, nitro, thioalkoxy, carboxaldehyde, carboxyl, carboalkoxy and carboxamide, including but not limited to carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl, and biaryl groups and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted.
• Preferred aryl groups include phenyl, halophenyl, lower alkylphenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, phenanthrenyl and naphthacenyl.
• arylalkyl which is included with the term “carbocyclic aryl” refers to one, two, or three aryl groups having the number of carbon atoms designated, appended to an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms designated. Suitable arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, picolyl, naphthylmethyl, phenethyl, benzyhydryl, trityl, and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted.
• heterocyclic ring or “heterocyclic ring system” is intended to mean a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of stable monocyclic ring having from 5-7 members in the ring itself and having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; a stable bicyclic ring structure having a total of from 7 to 12 atoms in the two rings wherein at least one of the two rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O and S, including bicyclic ring structures wherein any of the described stable monocyclic heterocyclic rings is fused to a hexane or benzene ring; and a stable tricyclic heterocyclic ring structure having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings wherein at least one of the three rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.
• heterocyclic ring or “heterocyclic ring system” include aromatic rings, as well as non-aromatic rings which can be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated non-aromatic rings.
• heterocyclic ring system includes ring structures wherein all of the rings contain at least one hetero atom as well as structures having less than all of the rings in the ring structure containing at least one hetero atom, for example bicyclic ring structures wherein one ring is a benzene ring and one of the rings has one or more hetero atoms are included within the term "heterocyclic ring systems” as well as bicyclic ring structures wherein each of the two rings has at least one hetero atom.
• the ring structures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any hetero atom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
• substituted means that one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ring carbon atom(s) or nitrogen atom(s) of the each of the rings in the ring structures described herein may be replaced by one or more of the indicated substituents if such replacement(s) would result in a stable compound.
• Nitrogen atoms in a ring structure may be quaternized, but such compounds are specifically indicated or are included within the term "a pharmaceutically acceptable salt” for a particular compound. When the total number of O and S atoms in a single heterocyclic ring is greater than 1, it is preferred that such atoms not be adjacent to one another.
• ⁇ there are no more that 1 O or S ring atoms in the same ring of a given heterocyclic ring structure.
• monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic ring systems in alphabetical order, are acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalinyl, carbazolyl, 4aH- carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H-l,5,2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]tetrahydrofuran, furanyl, furazanyl, imid
• Preferred heterocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, lH-indazolyl, oxazolinyl, or isatinoyl. Also included are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocyclic ring structures.
• aromatic heterocyclic ring system has essentially the same definition as for the monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems except that at least one ring of the ring system is an aromatic heterocyclic ring or the bicyclic ring has an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring fused to an aromatic carbocyclic ring structure.
• halo or halogen as used herein refer to Cl, Br, F or I substituents.
• haloalkyl and the like, refer to an aliphatic carbon radicals having at least one hydrogen atom replaced by a Cl, Br, F or I atom, including mixtures of different halo atoms. Trihaloalkyl includes trifluoromethyl and the like as preferred radicals, for example.
• methylene refers to -CH2-.
• salts includes salts of compounds derived from the combination of a compound and an organic or inorganic acid. These compounds are useful in both free base and salt form. In practice, the use of the salt form amounts to use of the base form; both acid and base addition salts are within the scope of the present invention.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to salts retaining the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid and the like.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like
• organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid,
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts” include those derived from inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
• Particularly preferred organic nontoxic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
• Bio property for the pu ⁇ oses herein means an in vivo effector or antigenic function or activity that is directly or indirectly performed by a compound of this invention that are often shown by in vitro assays.
• Effector functions include receptor or ligand binding, any enzyme activity or enzyme modulatory activity, any carrier binding activity, any hormonal activity, any activity in promoting or inhibiting adhesion of cells to an extracellular matrix or cell surface molecules, or any structural role.
• Antigenic functions include possession of an epitope or antigenic site that is capable of reacting with antibodies raised against it.
• the compounds of this invention carbon atoms bonded to four non- identical substituents are asymmetric. Accordingly, the compounds may exist as diastereoisomers, enantiomers or mixtures thereof.
• the syntheses described herein may employ racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers as starting materials or intermediates. Diastereomeric products resulting from such syntheses may be separated by chromatographic or crystallization methods, or by other methods known in the art. Likewise, enantiomeric product mixtures may be separated using the same techniques or by other methods known in the art.
• Each of the asymmetric carbon atoms when present in the compounds of this invention, may be in one of two configurations (R or S) and both are within the scope of the present invention.
• the invention provides a compound of the formula:
• A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• an aromatic or non-aromatic 5-10 membered heterocyclic ring system which may be a monocyclic ring system or a fused bicyclic ring system, wherein the heterocyclic ring system contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and is substituted with 0-2 R 1 groups;
• R 1 is a member selected from the group consisting of: halo, -C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, C -8 cycloalkyl,
• R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from:
• n is an integer of 0-3;
• Q is a member selected from the group consisting of: a direct link; divalent C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl; divalent C 2 -C 4 alkynyl; divalent
• D is a member selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl substituted with 0-2 R la groups; and
• an aromatic or non-aromatic 5-10 membered heterocyclic ring system which may be a monocyclic ring system or a fused bicyclic ring system, wherein the heterocyclic ring system contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and the ring system is substituted with 0-2 R la groups;
• R la is a member selected from the group consisting of: halo, -C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 . 6 alkylC 3 .
• n is an integer of 0-2;
• R 2a and R 3a are independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, C 0-6 alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, and -C 0 . 6 alkyl-(carbocyclic aryl), wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the carbocyclic aryl moiety may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C . 8 cycloalkyl,
• E is selected from:
• q and x are independently an integer of 0-2;
• R and R are independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, C -8 cycloalkyl, C 0 . 6 alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, and -Co- 6 alkyl-(carbocyclic aryl), wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the carbocyclic aryl moiety may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C]. 4 alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C _ 8 cycloalkyl,
• Co- alkylC 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S( O) 2 -OH, -CN, -CF 3 and -NO 2 ;
• G is -CHR 6 - and -CHR 6 -CHR 7 -;
• R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• H, -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl, -Co ⁇ -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl; -C 0 - 4 -acyl; -C 0 . 4 -alkyl-heterocycle; and R 8 with R 9 and R 9 with R 10 , together with the N atom to which they are attached may each independently form a 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-2 R ld groups;
• t is an integer from 0-3;
• R 2d and R 3d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl and -C ⁇ . -alkyl-aryl;
• R 1 ' is a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ - 4 -alkyl and -C 0- -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl;
• X is a member selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl substituted with 0-3 R le groups;
• R le is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R 2e and R 3e are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl; -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl; -C ⁇ _ -alkyl-heterocyclic; and R 2e and R 3e together with the N atom to which they are attached can form 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S which can be substituted with 0-2 R lg groups;
• R 2g and R 3g are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H; C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl and -Co- 4 -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl;
• the invention provides a compound of the formula:
• A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ - -alkyl and -Co_ -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl; or R 2 and R 3 together with the
• N atom to which they are attached can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S;
• m is an integer of 0-2;
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl and -C 0-4 -alkyl-(carbocyclic aryl);
• D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• n is an integer from 0-2;
• R 2a and R 3a are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl and -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl-(carbocyclic aryl);
• R and R are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl, -Co ⁇ -alkyl-aryl; -C 0-4 -alkyl-heterocyclic group, and R 2b and R 3b together with the N atom to which they are attached can form a 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-2 R lc groups;
• R c is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 2c and R 3c are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ . 4 -alkyl; and
• G is -CHR 6 -CHR 7 -;
• R , R and R , ⁇ o are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R 9 with R 10 together with the N atom to which they are attached may each independently form a 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring may be substituted with 0-2 R ld groups;
• t is an integer from 0-2;
• R 2d and R 3d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H, -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl and -C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl-aryl;
• J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 1 ' is a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ - -alkyl and -Co_ 4 -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl;
• X is a member selected from the group consisting of: (a) phenyl substituted with 0-3 R le groups;
• R i l e e is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R 2e and R 3e are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl; -C ⁇ . 4 -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl; -C ⁇ -4 -alkyl-heterocyclic; and R 2e and R 3e together with the N atom to which they are attached can form 5-8 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S which can be substituted with 0-2 R lg groups;
• s is an integer from 0-2;
• R 2g and R 3g are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H; C ⁇ _ 4 -alkyl and -C 0 _ 4 -alkyl-carbocyclic aryl;
• the invention provides a compound of the formula:
• A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• G is -CHR 6 -CHR 7 -, wherein R 6 and R 7 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
• X is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R le is in each occurrence independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
• the present invention provides a compound of the following formulae:
• R la on the phenyl and pyridyl portions of the above formulae is independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R 6 for each of the above formulae is independently a member selected from the group consisting of: H; -Me; phenyl; benzyl; -COOH, -CH 2 -COOH;-(CH 2 -) 2 -COOH;
• R a when it occurs in a formula, is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 7 is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q in each formula is independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R la when it occurs in a formula, is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q for each of the formulae is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• the invention also provides in one embodiment a compound, which is a member selected from the following formulae: «
• R la is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 7 is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q for each of the formulae is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• the present invention provides a compound which is a member selected from the following formulae:
• R , 1a when the group occurs in a formula, is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R and R 7 are independently selected from:
• A-Q of each of the above formulae is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• the invention also provides in one embodiment a compound, which is a member selected from the following formulae:
• R la when it is present in a formula, is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 6 when it is present in a formula, is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 7 when it is present in a formula, is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q is selected from:
• the present invention provides a compound which is a member selected from the following formulae where X is substituted with 0-3 R le as illustrated:
• R lel when present, is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R le2 when present, is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R 6 is independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q for each of the above formula is independently a member selected from the group consisting of: CONH 2 C H 2 N
• the present invention provides a compound which is a member selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:
• R la is independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
• R 6 is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• A-Q is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• the present invention provides a compound of the following formula:
• A-Q is a member independently selected from the group consisting of:
• R >6 is a member selected from the group consisting of:
• the present invention provides compounds according llowing formulae of Table 1 :
• This invention also encompasses all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates, and prodrug derivatives of the compounds of the above formulae.
• the compounds of such formulae can exist in various isomeric and tautomeric forms, and all such forms are meant to be included in the invention, along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, and prodrug derivatives of such isomers and tautomers.
• the compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
• the free acid or free base form of a compound of one of the formulas above can be reacted with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying.
• the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
• prodrug refers to a pharmacologically inactive derivative of a parent drug molecule that requires biotransformation, either spontaneous or enzymatic, within the organism to release the active drug.
• Prodrugs are variations or derivatives of the compounds of this invention which have groups cleavable under metabolic conditions. Prodrugs become the compounds of the invention which are pharmaceutically active in vivo, when they undergo solvolysis under physiological conditions or undergo enzymatic degradation. Prodrug compounds of this invention may be called single, double, triple etc., depending on the number of biotransformation steps required to release the active drug within the organism, and indicating the number of functionalities present in a precursor-type form.
• Prodrug forms often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, Design of Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985 and Silverman, The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, pp. 352-401, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1992).
• Prodrugs commonly known in the art include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acids with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with an amine, or basic groups reacted to form an acylated base derivative.
• the prodrug derivatives of this invention may be combined with other features herein taught to enhance bioavailability.
• the compounds of this invention find utility as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals which have disorders of coagulation such as in the treatment or prevention of unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation including the treatment of septic shock, deep venous thrombosis in the prevention of pulmonary embolism or the treatment of reocclusion or restenosis of reperfused coronary arteries. Further, these compounds are useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of those diseases which involve the production and/or action of factor Xa/prothrombinase complex.
• thrombotic and prothrombotic states in which the coagulation cascade is activated which include but are not limited to, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolic complications of surgery and peripheral arterial occlusion.
• a method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention.
• diseases treatable or preventable by the administration of compounds of this invention include, without limitation, occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombus formation in the venous vasculature, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the microvasculature leading to widespread organ failure, hemorrhagic stroke, renal dialysis, blood oxygenation, and cardiac catheterization.
• the compounds of the invention also find utility in a method for inhibiting the coagulation biological samples, which comprises the administration of a compound of the invention.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
• the compounds of this invention may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin.
• the compounds of the present invention may act in a synergistic fashion to prevent reocclusion following a successful thrombolytic therapy and/or reduce the time to reperfusion. These compounds may also allow for reduced doses of the thrombolytic agents to be used and therefore minimize potential hemorrhagic side-effects.
• the compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, (e.g. humans), sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro.
• the biological properties of the compounds of the present invention can be readily characterized by methods that are well known in the art, for example by the in vitro protease activity assays and in vivo studies to evaluate antithrombotic efficacy, and effects on hemostasis and hematological parameters, such as are illustrated in the examples.
• Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations in the form of solutions or suspensions.
• the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or inco ⁇ orated into shaped articles.
• Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy.
• Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations.
• Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
• Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvmylpyrrolidinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
• buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts
• antioxidants such as as
• Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution.
• the pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be 3-11, more preferably 5-9 and most preferably 7-8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts.
• While the preferred route of administration is by injection, other methods of administration are also anticipated such as orally, intravenously (bolus and/or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally, transdermally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
• the compounds of this invention are desirably inco ⁇ orated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other polymers commercially available.
• the compounds of the invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
• the compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled.
• the compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidinone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• compounds of the invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
• Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
• Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required. The range of therapeutically effective dosages will be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the abso ⁇ tion efficiency must be individually determined for each compound by methods well known in pharmacology.
• the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
• the determination of effective dosage levels that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• applications of compound are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
• the compounds of the invention can be administered orally or parenterally in an effective amount within the dosage range of about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mg/kg and more preferably about 1 to 20 mg/kg on a regimen in a single or 2 to 4 divided daily doses and/or continuous infusion.
• a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• a physiologically acceptable vehicle carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc.
• the amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
• Typical adjuvants which may be inco ⁇ orated into tablets, capsules and the like are binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, and excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like corn starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
• binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin
• excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like corn starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
• lubricants such as magnesium stearate
• sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose
• flavoring agents such as sucrose or lactose
• flavoring agents such as sucrose or lactose
• a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain liquid carriers such as
• dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired.
• a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome
• Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be inco ⁇ orated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by standard organic chemical synthetic methods as described and referenced in standard textbooks. These methods are well known in the art. See, e.g., Morrison and Boyd, "Organic Chemistry", Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, 1959, et seq.
• the compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
• a number of methods are useful for the preparation of the salts described above and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, reaction of the free acid or free base form of a compound of the structures recited above with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying. Alternatively, the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
• Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations such as solution or suspension.
• the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or inco ⁇ orated into shaped articles.
• Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy.
• Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations.
• Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
• Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
• buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts
• antioxidants such as as
• Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution.
• the pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts.
• While the preferred route of administration is by injection, other methods of administration are also anticipated such as intravenously (bolus and/or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
• dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
• the compounds of this invention are desirably inco ⁇ orated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other polymers commercially available.
• the compounds of this invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
• the compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled.
• the compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• suitable polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• the factor Xa inhibitors of this invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
• Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
• Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required.
• the range of therapeutically effective dosages will naturally be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives, and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the abso ⁇ tion efficiency must be individually determined for each inhibitor by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
• the determination of effective dosage levels that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be within the ambit of one skilled in the art. Typically, applications of compound are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
• a typical dosage might range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg kg, and more preferably from about 0.10 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg.
• the compounds of this invention may be administered several times daily, and other dosage regimens may also be useful.
• a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• a physiologically acceptable vehicle carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc.
• the amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
• Typical adjuvants which may be inco ⁇ orated into tablets, capsules and the like are a binder such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, and excipient such as microcrystalline cellulose, a disintegrating agent like corn starch or alginic acid, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, a sweetening agent such as sucrose or lactose, or a flavoring agent.
• a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain a liquid carrier such as water, saline, a fatty oil.
• Other materials of various types may be used as coatings or as modifiers of the physical form of the dosage unit.
• Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice.
• dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired.
• a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome
• Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be inco ⁇ orated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• the compounds of this invention may be used alone or in combination, or in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
• the compounds of this inventions may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice, such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin.
• the compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, such as humans, sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro.
• the prefe ⁇ ed compounds of the present invention are characterized by their ability to inhibit thrombus formation with acceptable effects on classical measures of coagulation parameters, platelets and platelet function, and acceptable levels of bleeding complications associated with their use.
• Conditions characterized by undesired thrombosis would include those involving the arterial and venous vasculature.
• abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the rupture of an established atherosclerotic plaque which is the major cause of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, as well as also characterizing the occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
• PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
• abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the condition observed in patients undergoing major surgery in the lower extremities or the abdominal area who often suffer from thrombus formation in the venous vasculature resulting in reduced blood flow to the affected extremity and a predisposition to pulmonary embolism.
• Abnormal thrombus formation further characterizes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy commonly occurs within both vascular systems during septic shock, certain viral infections and cancer, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the micro vasculature leading to widespread organ failure.
• the compounds of this present invention are believed to be useful for preventing or treating a condition characterized by undesired thrombosis, such as (a) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary syndrome including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post- thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, (b) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated cerebrovascular syndrome including embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, (c) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system including deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus occurring either spontaneously or in the setting of malignancy, surgery or trauma, (d) the treatment or prevention of any coagulopathy including disseminated intravascular coagulation (including the setting of septic shock or other infection, surgery, pregnancy, trauma or malignancy and whether associated with multi
• Anticoagulant therapy is also useful to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage.
• the compounds of this invention can be added to or contacted with any medium containing or suspected to contain factor Xa and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g., when contacting the mammal's blood with material such as vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prostheses, cardiac stents, valves and prostheses, extra co ⁇ oreal circulation systems and the like.
• Example 1 The synthesis of Example 1 is accomplished according to the following scheme.
• Step 1
• Step 1
• N-boc-D-asparic acid 500mg, 1.5mmol
• N-boc-L-asparic acid 500mg, 1.5mmol
• triethylamine 0.86ml, 6.2mmol
• dimethylaminepyridine 0.19g, 1.5mmol
• methyl chloroformate 0.29ml, 3.7mmol
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 oC and gradually to r.t. for lhr. Water (5ml) was added. The organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.
• the compounds of this invention are dissolved in buffer to give solutions containing concentrations such that assay concentrations range from 0 to 100 ⁇ M.
• concentrations such that assay concentrations range from 0 to 100 ⁇ M.
• a synthetic chromogenic substrate is added to a solution containing test compound and the enzyme of interest and the residual catalytic activity of that enzyme is determined spectrophotometrically.
• the IC50 of a compound is determined from the substrate turnover.
• the IC50 * me concentration of test compound giving 50% inhibition of the substrate turnover.
• the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than 500 nM in the factor Xa assay, preferably less than 200 nM, and more preferred compounds have an IC50 of about 100 nM or less in the factor Xa assay.
• the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than
• the prothrombinase assay preferably less than 200 nM, and more preferred compounds have an IC50 of about 10 nM or less in the prothrombinase assay.
• the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of greater than 1.0 ⁇ M in the thrombin assay, preferably greater than 10.0 ⁇ M, and more preferred compounds have an IC50 of greater than 100.0 ⁇ M in the thrombin assay.
• Amidolvtic Assays for determining protease inhibition activity The factor Xa and thrombin assays are performed at room temperature, in
• the activity of the prothrombinase complex is determined by measuring the time course of thrombin generation using the p- nitroanilide substrate Chromozym TH.
• the assay consists of preincubation ( 5 minutes) of selected compounds to be tested as inhibitors with the complex formed from factor Xa (0.5 nM), factor Va (2 nM), phosphatidyl serine :phosphatidyl choline (25:75, 20 ⁇ M) in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 % bovine serum albumin.
• Rabbits are anesthetized with I.M. injections of Ketamine, Xylazine, and Acepromazine cocktail.
• a standardized protocol consists of insertion of a thrombogenic cotton thread and copper wire apparatus into the abdominal vena cava of the anesthetized rabbit.
• a non-occlusive thrombus is allowed to develop in the central venous circulation and inhibition of thrombus growth is used as a measure of the antithrombotic activity of the studied compounds.
• Test agents or control saline are administered through a marginal ear vein catheter.
• a femoral vein catheter is used for blood sampling prior to and during steady state infusion of test compound.
• Initiation of thrombus formation begins immediately after advancement of the cotton thread apparatus into the central venous circulation.
• the rabbits are euthanized and the thrombus excised by surgical dissection and characterized by weight and histology. Blood samples are analyzed for changes in hematological and coagulation parameters.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
• Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22606529

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (15)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2000
  • 2000-11-17 EP EP00980439A patent/EP1235807A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-11-17 WO PCT/US2000/031520 patent/WO2001038309A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-11-17 CA CA002392576A patent/CA2392576A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-11-17 AU AU17700/01A patent/AU1770001A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-11-17 JP JP2001540072A patent/JP2003514897A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events