EP1234355B1 - Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten gruppenantenne in funk-kommunikationssystemen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten gruppenantenne in funk-kommunikationssystemen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1234355B1
EP1234355B1 EP00983055A EP00983055A EP1234355B1 EP 1234355 B1 EP1234355 B1 EP 1234355B1 EP 00983055 A EP00983055 A EP 00983055A EP 00983055 A EP00983055 A EP 00983055A EP 1234355 B1 EP1234355 B1 EP 1234355B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
calibration
signal
signals
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00983055A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1234355A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes Schlee
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for calibrating a electronically phased array using a common reference point for all reference signals in radio communication systems and an arrangement therefor.
  • Intelligent antennas form by means of corresponding phase-correct Control of the individual antenna elements of the antenna array a directional characteristic.
  • the beam shaping can therefore used to receive a message from a base station to a subscriber station targeted in their direction too transfer.
  • the sensitivity to Interference in the current radio cell of the base station On the other hand, co-channel interference can be reduced be reduced in adjacent radio cells.
  • due to the spatial separation physical channels within a reused by a base station powered radio cell and the so-called antenna lobes of the directional diagram be moved adaptively during movement of subscriber stations.
  • the original transmission signal via several antenna elements usually with different but defined phase angles, sent.
  • EP 0 881 704 A2 describes a CDMA communication system with a calibration.
  • so-called “processing sections” for baseband signal generation and “transmit radio circuits” for their processing are arranged in a transmitter.
  • processing sections for baseband signal generation and “transmit radio circuits” for their processing are arranged in a transmitter.
  • codes distinguishable signals from the "transmit radio circuits” carrier frequency on the one hand via “transmit terminals” for emission to antennas and on the other hand wired via cable to an addition device.
  • a summed signal formed there passes via another cable and via another "transmit terminal” to a so-called “transmit radio circuit characteristic measuring section", which divides the sum signal into individual signals and evaluates them.
  • the Direction is determined by the evaluation of different phase angles the Emptangssignals to each antenna element of the antenna array detected. That is why an antenna calibration in the base station not just for the downlink to the subscriber station (downlink), but also for the uplink from the subscriber station to the base station (Uplink) necessary.
  • a so-called reference antenna In a TD-SCDMA system (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access System) using intelligent Antennas will be an extra for antenna calibration Antenna used, a so-called reference antenna.
  • a reference antenna About the reference antenna is in the case of an uplink calibration a reference signal to all antenna elements of the Antenna arrays sent. At the individual antenna elements becomes electromagnetic due to the finite propagation velocity Waves depending on the distance to the reference antenna a certain delay time and a certain phase position expected. The difference between the expected setpoint and the actually measured actual value is determined and as Correction factor saved. The correction factor will then involved in the normal signal processing process, whereby the antenna is calibrated.
  • the reference antenna at a certain time receives a reference signal from an antenna element of the antenna array and the correction factor is determined. To counteract the distortion of the measurement result due to other antenna elements of the antenna array, they must not transmit any signal at this time. Subsequently, the reference antenna receives a reference signal from a second antenna element of the antenna array at a second time, and the correction factor for this second antenna element is determined, etc.
  • n time slots must be supported in support of a TDMA (Time Division Multiple) method Access) are expended.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple
  • the present invention has the task Basically, a calibration of smart antennas like that perform that time required for both the calibration of the uplink as well as for the calibration the downlink is significantly shortened. It should be a Correction of an analog error without the need of Calculation of a correction factor for each individual Antenna element and without oversampling from it accompanying high data rates.
  • the Transmission capacity of the physical channels is intended by the antenna calibration to be made only to a small extent be charged.
  • all antenna elements of a smart Antenna in the downlink calibrated in one step the individual antenna elements of the antenna array simultaneously distinguishable reference signals sent and after reception on one for all antenna signals common reference point separated again.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • the separation of the reference signals conventional spreading code techniques, such as correlation, used where the common reference point is on the respective reference code channel of the antenna elements synchronized and the reference signals back to their original bandwidth be reduced.
  • the reference signals after another Embodiment coded orthogonally so the interference remain minimal despite simultaneous transmission.
  • the calibration factor may be from the result of the correlation be obtained in a digital signal processor.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is It is to use an optimized reference signal set, the an unbiased estimate of the calibration factor allowed.
  • the correction of delay time, Phase error and / or amplitude of the transmission signals immediately within a digital UP conversion / down conversion be made, whereby no correction factor must be included and no oversampling of the Receive and transmit signal is necessary to delay error to eliminate.
  • the downlink calibration can in a further embodiment too Start of delay time and uplink calibration on End of the delay time take place.
  • a Reference antenna used as a common reference point for the reference signals from and to the antenna elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a base station BS, which in the area of their supplied Radio cell Z with, by way of example, three mobile stations MS simultaneously connected.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchron Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-CDMA Time Division Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-CDMA is a combination the multiple access component TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and is determined by the degrees of freedom frequency, time slot and code characterized.
  • TD-SCDMA differs from TD-CDMA by using a high-precision synchronization the received signals in the uplink. This will be the orthogonality the reception signals largely maintained, and thereby again, the detection properties are improved.
  • Radio communication system with intelligent antennas are antennas, with which a directional selectivity of a Base station BS emitted transmission signals leaves.
  • Smart antennas can be used electronically generate pivotable, strongly focusing propagation diagrams. This intelligent antennas reduce the angle of incidence for environmental detours of the transmission signals the mobile stations, reducing the interference. From the same base station BS thus different antenna lobes, which pivoted in different directions are at the same time the same frequency channel within one Use cell Z In addition, it increases with the same transmission power the range of a base station BS.
  • the smart antenna detects the base station BS the directions from which the mobile stations transmit MS and forms in their direction corresponding antenna lobes.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of the signal flow in an uplink calibration represented by a smart group antenna, consisting of several antenna elements AE1 to AEN and one Reference antenna AR for calibration.
  • the arrows illustrate the different duration of a reference signal from a reference antenna AR to the antenna elements AE1 to AEN.
  • the recorded by each antenna element AE1 to AEN and optionally amplified reference signals digitized parallel to each other in analog-to-digital converters A / D.
  • the digitized values then become treated in parallel in a digital down-converter DDC.
  • Out the measurement signals obtained in this way can, for example in a digital signal processor DSP correction factors determined and the correction values as control information to the digital down converter DDC of the individual antenna elements AE1 to AEN.
  • the reference signals from the signal processor DSP via a digital up-converter DUC and a digital-to-analog converter D / A sent to the reference antenna AR, this for calibration to the antenna elements AE1 to AEN sends etc
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic of the signal flow in a downlink calibration presented a smart group antenna.
  • the antenna elements AE1 to AEN simultaneously transmit one each Reference signal to the reference antenna AR, these with different Reference signal transit time is received.
  • the reference antenna AR possibly amplifies the reference signals and put them back in an analog-to-digital converter A / D digital signals around.
  • the signal processor DSP are off the measurement results, for example, correction factors determined and as control information to the digital UP converter DUC of the antenna elements AE1 to AEN given.
  • the following is a calculation example for a TD-SCDMA system using a smart antenna with 8 antenna elements, a reference antenna and a length of the CDMA code elements (Chip) selected from 0.75 ⁇ s.
  • the antenna calibration that is the correction of the influence of the analog error on the entire signal chain the directional characteristic of the intelligent array antenna, is carried out directly by digital means. It is not Oversampling the receive and transmit signal necessary to eliminate delay errors.
  • Digital up-converter DUC and digital down-converter DDC enable also tuning the amplitude of the transmission signals, because a faulty amplitude is the radiation shaping also affected.
  • a delay time a certain length to meet maturity differences the signals and data to be transmitted provided is.
  • the calibration measurements are found in this delay time, because at this time no other signals can influence the measurements.
  • the Downlink calibration is preferably at the beginning of the delay time and the uplink calibration performed at the end of this. In the same way, for example, a for Communication links provided time slot TS for the described calibration procedure are reserved.
  • the frequency of the antenna calibration is freely selectable and can be dynamically adapted to the transmission requirements. For example, a calibration in the downlink and uplink in each delay time between downlink and uplink TDMA frames or a calibration is done with a Of this multiple time interval made. Also, the Frequency of a downlink calibration from the frequency of one Uplink calibration deviate, for example, if the part the base station is determined that a mobile station only insignificantly or not at all during a communication connection, for example for voice transmission, moved for data transport or for a multimedia transmission.

Landscapes

  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP00983055A 1999-10-26 2000-10-24 Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten gruppenantenne in funk-kommunikationssystemen Expired - Lifetime EP1234355B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19951525A DE19951525C2 (de) 1999-10-26 1999-10-26 Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten Gruppenantenne in Funk-Kommunikationssystemen
DE19951525 1999-10-26
PCT/DE2000/003756 WO2001031744A1 (de) 1999-10-26 2000-10-24 Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten gruppenantenne in funk-kommunikationssystemen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1234355A1 EP1234355A1 (de) 2002-08-28
EP1234355B1 true EP1234355B1 (de) 2003-08-13

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EP00983055A Expired - Lifetime EP1234355B1 (de) 1999-10-26 2000-10-24 Verfahren zum kalibrieren einer elektronisch phasengesteuerten gruppenantenne in funk-kommunikationssystemen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6693588B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP1234355B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1384989A (pt)
AU (1) AU1995001A (pt)
BR (1) BR0015016A (pt)
DE (2) DE19951525C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2001031744A1 (pt)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19951525A1 (de) 2001-06-07
US6693588B1 (en) 2004-02-17
EP1234355A1 (de) 2002-08-28
WO2001031744A1 (de) 2001-05-03
DE50003316D1 (de) 2003-09-18
BR0015016A (pt) 2002-06-18
CN1384989A (zh) 2002-12-11
AU1995001A (en) 2001-05-08
DE19951525C2 (de) 2002-01-24

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