EP1230651A1 - Actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires - Google Patents

Actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires

Info

Publication number
EP1230651A1
EP1230651A1 EP01951384A EP01951384A EP1230651A1 EP 1230651 A1 EP1230651 A1 EP 1230651A1 EP 01951384 A EP01951384 A EP 01951384A EP 01951384 A EP01951384 A EP 01951384A EP 1230651 A1 EP1230651 A1 EP 1230651A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet armature
armature
actuator according
magnet
actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01951384A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Krimmer
Wolfgang Schulz
Matthias Brendle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10051310A external-priority patent/DE10051310A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1230651A1 publication Critical patent/EP1230651A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/124—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by mechanical latch, e.g. detent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/08—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet

Definitions

  • Actuator in particular for valves, relays or the like,
  • the invention is based on an actuator, in particular for valves, relays or the like. According to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Electromagnetic actuators are generally designed to be monostable, ie the magnet armature of the actuator has a stable, defined end position, the so-called rest position, without energy supply. This end position is usually set by the spring force of a return spring, while the magnet armature is transferred to its other end position, the so-called switching position, by energizing the magnet coil or the excitation winding of the electromagnet. To hold the magnet armature in the switching position, the magnet coil must be energized continuously without mechanical work being performed. The result is energy loss and heating of the actuator as well as the supply lines and the switching transistors for controlling the solenoid.
  • the actuator according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is bistable and
  • Magnet armature always remains in one of the two end positions until it is transferred to the other end position by briefly energizing the magnet coil, in order to remain there again - without external energy supply. Energy is only required to transfer the armature to one of the two end positions, with the energy being largely converted into mechanical work.
  • the magnetic armature is held in the end position itself by the mechanical locking device, which is preferably designed as a snap action or as a locking mechanism, without energy supply, so that power loss and heating of the actuator and control system are eliminated.
  • the control output stages for energizing the solenoid therefore do not have to be designed for continuous operation, but only for the short energization pulses for transferring the magnet armature from one to the other
  • bistable electromagnetic actuator according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for electromagnetically confirmed pneumatic and hydraulic ballast valves, as well as for bistable relays, in particular if very long switching times are required in both switching positions corresponding to the end positions of the magnet armature, and / or if the switching positions are also required Failure of the Power supply to the electromagnet should be kept.
  • the stable middle position of the magnet armature also called the equilibrium position of the electromagnet, which is located centrally between the two end positions, is realized in that the magnet armature with its two armature ends passes through openings in the magnet yoke that are aligned with one another and that the length of the magnet armature and the Training of the magnetic yoke are coordinated so that in each end position of the
  • the fixing device is designed as a snap-action switch, with snap-action switches with low friction being particularly suitable to ensure reproducible switching behavior of the actuator, which is particularly important for optimizing the pulse length and pulse height of the energizing pulses is.
  • Spring contact mechanisms with low friction are, for example, so-called toggle spring contact switches with cutting edge bearings.
  • the energization of the magnet coil takes place by means of current pulses, the duration of which is so determined that with the end of a current pulse the magnet armature moved out of its end position has approximately reached its central position and the energy stored in the magnet armature is sufficient, the magnet armature via the To drive middle position to its other end position.
  • the electromagnet is thus only energized until it reaches its equilibrium position, and the equilibrium position is overcome with the help of the kinetic energy stored in the magnet armature.
  • the locking device as a spring switch mechanism, after overcoming the equilibrium position, the energy stored in the spring switch mechanism is also available to move the magnet armature into its end position.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 each show a detail of a longitudinal section of the actuator in three different displacement positions of the magnet armature, shown schematically, FIG. 5 shows a characteristic curve of the actuator in FIG. 1, FIG. 6 shows a detail of a longitudinal section of an electromagnetic actuator according to a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment
  • Figure 8 shows a spring for an actuator according to the invention.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 1 for pneumatic or hydraulic ballast valves or for bistable relays shown schematically in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 has an electromagnet 10 with a magnet coil 11, with a magnet armature 12 which can be displaced between two end positions and with a magnet yoke 13 forming the iron yoke and one with the actuating plunger 14 which is firmly connected to the magnet armature 12 and a bistable, mechanical locking device 15 which acts in the end positions of the magnet armature 12 and acts on the actuating plunger 14 and the actuating plunger 14 fixed with the magnet armature 12 in each of its two end positions.
  • the magnet coil 11 is wound on a hollow cylindrical bobbin 16 similar to a yarn roll, which is delimited on the face side by two ring flanges 161.
  • the magnetic yoke 13 has a U-shape and has two yoke legs 132, 133 connected to one another by a yoke web 131 and extending parallel to one another.
  • the magnetic yoke 13 takes the coil body 16 with the wound magnetic coil 11 between the yoke legs 132, 133 so that the Coil axis is aligned with the normals of two immersion openings 17, 18 made in the two yoke legs 132, 133.
  • the magnet armature 12 is axially displaceably guided in the interior of the hollow cylindrical coil body 16 and its length is matched to the magnet yoke 13 such that in each end position of the magnet armature 12 one of the armature ends 121 or 122 is maximal and the other is minimal in the immersion openings 17, 18 is immersed.
  • the maximum immersion depth of the armature ends 121, 122 is dimensioned to be slightly greater than the thickness of the yoke legs 132, 133 measured in the axial direction of the magnet armature. In this way, the magnet armature 12 has a stable central position lying centrally between the two end positions, also called the equilibrium position of the electromagnet 10 which can be approached from the two end positions by energizing the solenoid 11.
  • the magnet armature 12 is maximal with its left armature end 121 into the immersion opening 17 in the magnet yoke 13 and minimal with its right armature end 122 immersed in the immersion opening 18 in the magnetic yoke 13.
  • This end position of the armature 12 is designated E L in the characteristic curve shown in FIG.
  • the characteristic curve in FIG. 5 shows, on the one hand, the function of the magnetic force F over the displacement path s of the magnet armature 12 and, on the other hand, the function of that applied to the magnet coil 11
  • the gradient of the magnetic flux or the permeability at the magnetic force acting on the magnetic armature 12 has a gradient
  • Immersion opening 18 minimally immersing armature end 122 is a particularly large axial component and only one radial component at armature end 121 immersed maximally in immersion opening 17.
  • a large proportion of magnetic force acts in the axial direction on the magnet armature 12, so that the magnet armature 12 is driven in the direction of its central position, which is shown in FIG. 3 and in which the two armature ends 121, 122 are immersed at the same depth into the immersion openings 17, 18 ,
  • the magnet armature 12 has reached the central position designated M in FIG.
  • the magnetic force F acting on the magnet armature can be seen in FIG. 5 from the characteristic curve.
  • the energy stored in the magnet armature 12 is sufficient to drive it into its right end position E R , in which it in turn is fixed by the locking device 15 becomes.
  • the magnet armature 12 assumes the position outlined in FIG. 4, in which its right armature end 122 is immersed maximally in the immersion opening 18 and its left armature end 121 minimally immersed in the immersion opening 17.
  • the magnet armature 12 has a total stroke h (in FIGS. 1 and 5).
  • the locking device 15 for fixing the two end positions of the magnet armature 12 is designed in FIG. 1 as a slotted disc spring 19, which represents an exemplary embodiment of a general bistable snap-action switching mechanism 26.
  • the plate spring 19 is spatially firmly clamped with its outer edge and engages with its inner edge axially immovably in an annular groove 20 formed on the confirmation plunger 14. If the magnet armature 12 is transferred from its left end position E L shown in FIG. 1 (cf. also FIG. 2) to its central position M outlined in FIG. 3, the plate spring 19 is pressed to the right in FIG. 1 and takes on a largely extended position so-called dead center position, a. If the magnet armature 12 over his
  • the plate spring 19 snaps to the right beyond its dead center position, as indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 1, doing drive work on the magnet armature 12 and the movement of the magnet armature into its end position shown in FIG. 4 supported into it.
  • the characteristic curve of the plate spring 19 over the displacement path s of the magnet armature 12 is shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • the electromagnet 10 must apply additional force to press the plate spring 19 into its extended position. The here from that
  • Electromagnet 10 work done (in Figure 5 as hatched area A) is stored in the plate spring 19 and, after exceeding the central position M, is emitted as drive energy to the magnet armature 12, so that it is driven into its right end position E R.
  • the drive work performed by the plate spring 19 is illustrated in FIG. 5 by the hatched area B between the central position M and the right end position E R.
  • the hatched area C lying over the area A in FIG. 5 is the acceleration work performed by the electromagnet 10 for the magnet armature 12.
  • Magnet armature 12 formed in its two stable end positions as a locking mechanism 21.
  • a locking mechanism 21 consists of a spring-loaded locking element 22, which, in the respective end position of the magnet armature 12, engages in a locking recess or locking groove 23 in the actuating plunger 14.
  • the two locking grooves 23 are arranged in the actuating plunger 14 at an axial distance from one another which corresponds to the stroke h of the magnet armature 12.
  • the locking member 22, which is designed here as a locking ball, is guided in a spatially fixed sleeve 24, which is oriented at right angles to the actuating plunger 14 and which receives a locking spring 25.
  • the catch spring 25 is supported on the one hand on the catch ball or the catch member 22 and on the other hand on the sleeve base and presses the catch member 22 into the respective catch groove 23.
  • the two locking grooves 23 have lifting bevels 231, so that at Displacement of the actuating plunger 14, the locking member 22 can be lifted out of the locking groove 23.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the actuator 1 with a central axis 3.
  • the magnet armature 12 is guided through the coil body 16 and / or through the locking device 15.
  • the magnet armature 12 can also only by one
  • the guide element 50 and the locking device 15 are guided.
  • the guide element 50 can also be designed as a further locking device 15 in the form of a leaf spring 19.
  • the leaf spring 19 has, for example, at least one spring element 52 in the longitudinal direction to the central axis 3, in order to enable better swinging through the dead center and to avoid the transverse forces of the leaf spring 19 that occur.
  • the actuating plunger 14 has a valve plate 55 which opens or closes an opening 57 in a housing 59. In one end position of the valve plate 55, the opening 57 is open and in the other end position it is closed.
  • the actuator 1, the housing 59, the valve plate 55 and the opening 57 are e.g. et al Part of a valve for one
  • the actuator 1 is connected to an external electrical power supply by an electrical connection 63.
  • the housing 59 has on its inner wall 60 a first 67 and a second 69 stop, against which the at least one leaf spring 19 strikes in its end positions.
  • FIG. 8 shows a form of a leaf spring 19, which is formed from two S sections joined together in mirror image, the cross section of the spring material being, for example, rectangular or round.
  • the plunger 14 moves here, for example, perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the ends of the leaf spring 19 are fixed to the housing 59.
  • the leaf spring 19 is under a prestress. This occurs, for example, in that the leaf spring 19 is compressed between the two anchoring points in the housing 59 in the plane of the drawing.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires, comprenant un électroaimant (10) pourvu d'une bobine (11), d'un induit (12) déplaçable entre deux positions extrêmes, et d'une culasse (13) ainsi que d'un poussoir d'actionnement (14) entraîné par l'induit (12). L'objectif de l'invention est de créer un actionneur bistable qui consomme peu d'énergie et dont les composants conducteurs présentent un faible échauffement, satisfaisant notamment aux exigences de temps de commutation très longs dans les deux positions de commutation. A cet effet, d'une part l'électroaimant (10) est conçu de sorte que son induit (12) possède une position centrale stable, située au milieu de ses deux positions extrêmes constituant les deux positions de commutation de l'actionneur, cette position centrale pouvant être atteinte à partir des deux positions extrêmes par alimentation en courant de la bobine (11). D'autre part, on fait appel à un dispositif de blocage mécanique bistable (15) qui agit sur l'induit (12) ou sur le poussoir d'actionnement (14) et qui est actif dans les deux positions extrêmes de l'induit (12).
EP01951384A 2000-06-21 2001-06-19 Actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires Withdrawn EP1230651A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10029436 2000-06-21
DE10029436 2000-06-21
DE10051310 2000-10-17
DE10051310A DE10051310A1 (de) 2000-06-21 2000-10-17 Aktuator, insbesondere für Ventile, Relais oder dgl.
PCT/DE2001/002222 WO2001099129A1 (fr) 2000-06-21 2001-06-19 Actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1230651A1 true EP1230651A1 (fr) 2002-08-14

Family

ID=26006091

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01951384A Withdrawn EP1230651A1 (fr) 2000-06-21 2001-06-19 Actionneur, notamment pour soupapes, relais ou similaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20020149456A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1230651A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001099129A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10113009A1 (de) * 2001-03-17 2002-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sprungschaltwerk für einen Aktuator
US6924966B2 (en) * 2002-05-29 2005-08-02 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Spring loaded bi-stable MEMS switch
US6795697B2 (en) 2002-07-05 2004-09-21 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. RF receiver switches
US6856221B1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-02-15 Raymond E. Zehrung Reversible solenoid
US20050067143A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-31 Glacialtech, Inc. Heat conductive seat with liquid
US6870454B1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-22 Com Dev Ltd. Linear switch actuator
GB2408526B (en) 2003-11-26 2007-10-17 Schlumberger Holdings Steerable drilling system
PL1638117T3 (pl) * 2004-09-17 2008-01-31 Voith Turbo Scharfenberg Gmbh & Co Kg Elektromagnes uruchamiający
CN102103943A (zh) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 厦门宏发电声股份有限公司 一种新磁路的磁保持继电器
IT1402740B1 (it) * 2010-10-19 2013-09-18 Btsr Int Spa Dispositivo di taglio di un filo tessile durante la sua alimentazione ad un elemento operatore
ES2465942B1 (es) * 2012-11-09 2015-06-16 Enrique MICÓ PÉREZ Dispositivo bloqueador de baterias y método de uso.
DE102012223430A1 (de) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Stellglied
WO2016103355A1 (fr) * 2014-12-24 2016-06-30 三菱電機株式会社 Actionneur électromagnétique
US10935151B2 (en) * 2017-08-29 2021-03-02 Tlx Technologies, Llc. Solenoid actuator with firing pin position detection
DE102018001118A1 (de) 2018-02-12 2019-08-14 A. Kayser Automotive Systems Gmbh Tankentlüftungsventil, Tankentlüftungssystem und Verfahren zum Offenhalten eines elektromagnetisch betätigten Ventils
FR3087935B1 (fr) 2018-10-26 2021-05-14 Moving Magnet Tech Actionneur bistable unipolaire de type balistique

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US3858135A (en) * 1973-08-14 1974-12-31 S Gray Push-pull linear motor
US4178573A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-12-11 Eaton Corporation Electrically operated device and valving mechanism employing same
CH664039A5 (de) * 1984-05-24 1988-01-29 Rudolf Pavlovsky Dipl Ing Einrichtung zur anpassung der wirkung eines elektromagneten an eine vom elektromagneten zu betaetigende komponente.
US4605197A (en) * 1985-01-18 1986-08-12 Fema Corporation Proportional and latching pressure control device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001099129A1 (fr) 2001-12-27
US20020149456A1 (en) 2002-10-17

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