EP1227876A1 - Filtre a membranes en fibres creuses - Google Patents

Filtre a membranes en fibres creuses

Info

Publication number
EP1227876A1
EP1227876A1 EP01904246A EP01904246A EP1227876A1 EP 1227876 A1 EP1227876 A1 EP 1227876A1 EP 01904246 A EP01904246 A EP 01904246A EP 01904246 A EP01904246 A EP 01904246A EP 1227876 A1 EP1227876 A1 EP 1227876A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
hollow fiber
fiber bundle
fluid
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01904246A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen DANNENMAIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0000505A external-priority patent/SE0000505L/xx
Application filed by Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1227876A1 publication Critical patent/EP1227876A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B01D63/022—Encapsulating hollow fibres
    • B01D63/0221—Encapsulating hollow fibres using a mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter with membranes made of hollow fibers, in which the hollow fibers are arranged as a bundle in a tubular housing.
  • the housing has an end cap at each end, the hollow fiber bundle being arranged between the ends of the housing, the ends of the hollow fiber bundle each having a support ring surrounding them and being potted with a potting compound, and the hollow fibers opening with open ends.
  • Filters with membranes made of hollow fibers are used, inter alia, in the field of dialysis for a wide variety of purposes. Filters of this type are used, for example, for hemodialysis, in which blood is passed through the hollow fibers formed with semipermeable walls and dialysis fluid is conducted past the outside of the hollow fibers. Various convection and diffusion processes take place through the walls of the hollow fibers, which clean the blood and remove excess liquid. Furthermore, the electrolyte concentrations in the blood are conditioned and buffers such as bicarbonate or acetate are added to the blood. Filters of this type are also used in so-called haemc lltration, in which a substitution liquid is added to the blood.
  • the blood is passed through the hollow fibers on the inside, but no dialysis fluid is passed on the outside of the hollow fibers.
  • m filter is only removed from the blood with the help of a pressure difference across the membrane, ie the semi-permeable wall of the hollow fibers, excess fluid, in particular water, and waste products.
  • the substitution fluid can be added to the blood either before the filter or after the filter.
  • the filters mentioned which are then referred to as ultrafilters, can also be used to generate the suction liquid itself.
  • dialysis fluid is passed through the hollow fibers and filtered through it by means of a pressure difference across the membrane or the semi-permeable walls, the dialysis fluid being stere-filtered by removing bacteria and endotoxins and other contamination products.
  • the filters mentioned are, for example, hemodiafiltration, a combination of hemodialysis and hemoflltration, and plasmapheresis, in which the aqueous blood plasma is filtered out of the blood and returned to the blood after treatment. Such filters are also used in reverse osmosis.
  • the filters mentioned are usually constructed such that the hollow fibers are combined as a loose bundle and arranged in a tubular housing.
  • the housing has an end cap at each of its ends, the hollow fiber bundle being arranged between the ends of the housing, so that the end caps each cover the ends of the hollow fiber bundle.
  • the ends of the hollow fiber bundle each have a support ring surrounding them and are cast into the ends of the housing by means of a casting compound.
  • the hollow fibers combined in the hollow fiber bundle open-ended ends m the cavity formed between the end cap and the end of the hollow fiber bundle. It is thus possible, by arranging suitable inlets and outlets, to provide the various filter types, such as the aforementioned hemodialysis filters, hamofilters, hamodia filters, ultrafilters etc., in a known manner.
  • the filters mentioned are disclosed in EP 0 305 687, EP 0 355 325 and EP 0 525 317.
  • the filters mentioned have in common that a first fluid is passed internally through the semipermeable hollow fibers and that a second fluid is located outside the hollow fibers.
  • This second fluid can either be passed through the housing and past the hollow fibers through suitable inlets and outlets, or it can, for example, be withdrawn from the first fluid by a pressure difference across the hollow fiber membrane and passed out of the housing through a suitable outlet.
  • a filter with membranes made of hollow fibers in which the hollow fibers are arranged as a bundle in a tubular housing, and the housing has an end cap at each end, the hollow fiber bundle between the ends of the housing is arranged, the ends of the hollow fiber bundle each have a support ring surrounding them and are potted by means of a casting compound, and the hollow fibers are open-ended, in which the hollow fibers are not damaged by axial shrinkage.
  • This object is achieved with a filter of the type mentioned, in which the end of the hollow fiber bundle is poured into the supporting ring essentially only by means of the casting compound.
  • This provides a filter that is essentially insensitive to heat or steam sterilization. Insensitive is to be understood here in the sense that the inevitable shrinkage, and here in particular the axial shrinkage of the hollow fibers, do not lead to damage to the hollow fibers.
  • the support ring then also has axially projecting lugs, which are preferably arranged on the side of the support ring facing the center of the housing, the lugs preferably being flexible are formed, the support ring is in particular axially movable.
  • Compressive force is applied in the axial direction, so the lugs, for example, on an appropriately designed housing projection, are compressed or bent and the support ring is displaced axially in the direction of the pressing force until it rests on the housing projection with other parts or regions.
  • the hollow fiber bundle is compressed by only two millimeters at each end, i.e. Moved in the direction of the middle of the housing, this results in a total compensation possibility of up to 4 millimeters for the hollow fibers.
  • the axially projecting, flexible lugs can of course also have other dimensions and, for example, be longer, so that a greater compression of the hollow fiber bundle is possible by applying a compressive force to the support ring.
  • the axially projecting lugs are bent or compressed and thus enable the support ring and thus the cast-in end of the hollow fiber bundle to move in the axial direction, ie relative to the filter housing.
  • the potting compound may also only be inside the support ring in order to avoid a connection of the support ring to the housing.
  • Any suitable material is suitable for the casting compound, such as, for example, polyurethane (PUR).
  • the axially projecting, flexibly designed lugs can also be arranged in a suitable manner on the housing, and not on the support ring. This also provides the axial mobility of the support ring, which enables axial
  • the hollow fiber bundle can either be axially compressed during the manufacturing process, as described in detail above. This makes it possible, so to speak, to compensate for axial shrinkage in advance, ie before it occurs. Or the hollow fiber bundle is not pre-compressed axially, and the axial shrinkage of the hollow fibers is compensated for at the same time as it occurs.
  • the contracting hollow fibers pull the support rings, which are axially movable in the housing, in each case in the direction of the center of the housing, which is made possible by the axially projecting, flexibly designed lugs.
  • the end cap is sealingly connected to the housing.
  • the embodiment to be selected here depends on the chosen design of the filter.
  • the sealing connection of the parts to each other is advantageously achieved by gluing or welding, or also by means of a seal between the parts.
  • elastic sealing rings or the like are possible here.
  • the sealing connection for sealing between the area with the first fluid and the area with the second fluid can also be made by gluing, welding or by means of suitable seals such as O-rings.
  • the filter advantageously has an outlet and an outlet for a first fluid, and at least one
  • the outlet for the first fluid is preferably arranged on the one end cap and the outlet for the first fluid on the other end cap, so that the first fluid can be passed into the housing in a simple manner, there through the hollow fiber bundle and on the other side can be led out of the housing again.
  • the outlet for the second fluid can be arranged on an end cap or on the housing, depending on the intended use of the filter.
  • the filter has an outlet for the second fluid, which is preferably arranged either on an end cap or on the housing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a filter according to the prior art in a partial section
  • 1A shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1, which shows the end of the hollow fiber bundle with the support ring in a longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through half of an inventive filter with a compressed hollow fiber bundle
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 2, which shows the end of the hollow fiber bundle with the support ring;
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through half of a filter according to the invention before the casting and the axial upsetting
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section through half of a filter according to the invention after casting and axial upsetting; and FIG. 7 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 4.
  • em filter 1 from the prior art is shown in a partial longitudinal section.
  • the filter 1 has a tubular filter housing 3, at the ends of which an end cap 5 is attached.
  • the end caps 5 each have an inlet 7 and an outlet 9 for a first fluid, which are each provided with an internal thread 11.
  • the end caps 5 each have an inlet 13 and an outlet 15 for a second fluid, which are each provided with an external thread 17.
  • a hollow fiber bundle 19 is arranged within the tubular housing 3 and extends between the ends of the housing 3. The ends of the hollow fiber bundle 19 are surrounded by a support ring 23 and cast into the ends of the housing 3 by means of a sealing compound 70.
  • connection lines for a first fluid are fastened to the inlet 7 and the outlet 9 by means of the internal threads 11 provided there.
  • connection lines for a second fluid at the outlet 13 and at the outlet 15 are provided by means of the seen external thread 17 attached.
  • a first fluid is then passed through the inlet 7 to the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19.
  • the hollow fibers 21 arranged in the hollow fiber bundle 19 open-ended, so that the first fluid can be passed inside through the honing fibers 21 to the other side of the filter 1. There, the first fluid emerges from the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 and is discharged through the outlet 9.
  • a second fluid is passed through the inlet 13 into the housing 3, flows there along the outside of the hollow fibers 21 in the hollow fiber bundle 19 to the other end of the housing 3 and is drained there through the outlet 15
  • the first fluid and the second fluid are directed past one another in countercurrent on different sides of the hollow fiber membrane 21, different methods being known in the art
  • FIG. 1A shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1, which shows the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19.
  • the hollow fiber bundle 19 is surrounded in its end region by a support 23 which has a first region 25 and a second region 29.
  • the first region 25 has a plurality of radial webs 27 with which it abuts the housing 3.
  • the webs 27 are designed such that they support the support 23 both axially and radially.
  • the circumferential first region 25 also has a plurality of radial webs 31, via which it is connected to the second circumferential region 29.
  • the second region 29 comprises the hollow fiber bundle 19 at its end region. This end region of the hollow fiber bundle 19 is cast in by means of a casting compound 70 m, the end of the housing 3, together with the support ring 23.
  • the second region 29 of the support ring 23 is completely enclosed by the casting compound 70.
  • the end cap 5 is placed on the housing 3 and ⁇ ort sealingly attached by means of an adhesive 74. At the same time, the end cap 5 is sealed by means of the adhesive 74 with the potting mass 70 connected and lies radially on the outside of the first region 25 of the support ring 40.
  • FIG. 2 shows a filter 100 m according to the invention in a longitudinal section, only one half being shown for the sake of simplicity and the same parts being provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the filter 100 has a tubular housing 3, at the ends of which an end cap 5 is arranged and one of which is shown here.
  • the end cap 5 has an inlet 7 with an internal thread 11.
  • the housing 3 broadly has an outlet 15 for a second fluid, an external thread 17 being arranged on the outlet 15.
  • a hollow fiber bundle 19 with hollow fibers 21, which has been compressed, is arranged inside the tubular housing 3.
  • the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 is cast in a support 40 by means of a casting compound 70 m.
  • the support 40 has at one end a plurality of lugs 42, which are described in detail in the following explanation of the support ring 40, together with the projection 44, the webs 46 and the heels 48 and 50. It should be noted at this point that the inlets and
  • Outlets can also be arranged differently, as is well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the outlet 15 can also be arranged on the end cap 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 2, which shows the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 cast in the support 40.
  • the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals here.
  • the support 40 has at its end directed towards the end cap 5 an inward projection 44 with webs 46. With the projection 44 and the webs 46 arranged thereon, a positive connection of the support ring 40 is provided of the potting compound 70 is achieved, in addition to the adhesive connection between the potting compound 70 and the support member 40.
  • the support member 40 On the outside, the support member 40 has two shoulders 48 and 50, which are seated on appropriately designed housing projections 52 and 54, respectively.
  • the support 40 has a plurality of flexible lugs 42, one of which is shown here. The flexible nose 42 is not kinked and inserted into a correspondingly designed recess 58 of the housing 3.
  • the end cap 5 is sealingly connected to the housing 3 in the connection area 64, in the exemplary embodiment shown here by means of welding, for example by means of ultrasound. Another of several possibilities is gluing by means of suitable adhesives known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the end cap 5 has a recess 62 in the edge region, in which a sealing ring 60 is arranged. This sealing ring 60 delimits, on the one hand, the edge region of the free space formed between the end cap 5 and the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19, so that only a narrow ring 72 made of potting compound is present in the region of the cavity mentioned.
  • the improved flow mematics causes, inter alia, that the edge area of the cavity mentioned, ie the area above the ring 72 made of potting compound, is flushed by the first fluid, so that no deposits can form here.
  • the first fluid is blood, as in the application examples explained in detail above, it is prevented here that blood remains in this area and consequently can clot. This significantly increases the risk of blood clots, so that the above-mentioned application examples and treatments become significantly safer for the patient.
  • the sealing ring 60 seals the area of the filter through which the first fluid flows from the area of the filter through which the second fluid flows.
  • Fig. 3 em is more finished, i.e. ready-to-use filter 100 shown.
  • the hollow fiber bundle 19 of the filter has been compressed axially, as can be seen clearly from the bent flexible nose 42, which has been pressed into the recess 58 of the housing 3.
  • the function of the flexible nose 42 and the process of upsetting the hollow fiber bundle 19 are described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 4-8.
  • the hollow fiber bundle 19 which is introduced into the filter housing 3 is held at its end in front of a pouring ring 80.
  • the Giessrmg 80 is arranged at one end on the housing 3, and carries a pouring cover 82 at its other end.
  • the Stutzrmg 40 sits with its flexible lugs 42 on a correspondingly formed housing projection 56.
  • the dashed line 90 indicates the cutting line at which the hollow fiber bundle 19 is cut after the casting.
  • FIG. 5 continued, which shows an enlarged section of FIG. 4.
  • the casting 80 has at its end directed towards the housing 3 gill means 84 which cooperate with a correspondingly formed projection on the housing 3 and thus fix the casting 80 on the housing 3, together with the projection 86 and the Stutzrmg 40, as will be explained in detail below. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen here that the casting 80 has, at its other end, gill means 88 which are designed with a correspondingly Interact the th area of the pouring lid 82 and fix the pouring lid 82 on the pouring ring 80.
  • the flexible nose 42 of the support ring 40 is not deformed before the casting and before the axial upsetting and is seated on a housing projection 56.
  • the free space between the shoulder 48 of the support arm 40 and the housing projection 52 and between the shoulder 50 of the support arm 40 and the housing projection 54 can also be clearly seen.
  • the above-mentioned projection 86 of the casting ring 80 is seated on the shoulder 48 of the support ring 40.
  • the shoulder 48 of the support ring 40 limits the movement of the projection 86 and thus of the casting ring 80 in the direction of the housing 3, that is to say the downward movement (FIG. 5 ⁇ , while the gill means 84 of the casting ring 80 restrict the movement of the casting ring 80 m from the direction 5, the movement upwards (FIG. 5).
  • the projection 86 of the casting 80 limits the movement of the support sleeve 40 out of the housing 3, while the flexible nose 42 sits on the housing projection 56, the movement of the support ring 40 limits the housing 3 into it.
  • the filter 100 is prepared for the introduction of the potting compound for potting the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 or the hollow fibers 21 arranged therein.
  • the casting compound is usually introduced through the outlet 15 of the housing 3 and by means of centrifugation, i.e. Rotation of the filter 100, m the Giessrmg 80 or pouring cover 82 pressed in order to shed the hollow fibers 21 together there and thus seal the Hohlf serbundel 19 at the ends.
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section at the end of the filter 100 m after the ends of the hollow fibers 21 have been potted with potting compound 70 and after the whole has been axially compressed Hollow fiber bundle 19 shown. Again, the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals. 6 that the potting compound 70 pours the ends of the hollow fibers 21 together, so that a solid, coherent end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 is formed.
  • the potting compound 70 which is pressed onto the end region of the hollow fiber bundle 19 by means of centrifugal force, is distributed on the basis of the centrifugal force m in the manner shown here, the support member 40 together with the casting member 80 and the casting lid 82 forming the casting mold for the casting compound 70.
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 6.
  • identical parts are identified by the same reference symbols.
  • the upsetting process moves the end of the hollow fiber bundle 3 m in the direction of the center of the housing 19 m.
  • the flexible lugs 42 which are seated on the housing projection 56, are bent and m the recess 58 of the housing 3 is pushed into them.
  • the hollow fiber bundle 19 is axially displaced until the shoulders 48 and 50 rest on the correspondingly formed housing projections 52 and 54, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the arrangement of the housing protrusions 52 and 54 of the housing 3 specifies the maximum axial compressibility of the hollow fiber bundle 19.
  • the housing projections 52 and 54 are therefore with regard to the desired axial compression of the hollow fiber bundle 19 and to be arranged accordingly, taking into account the material of the hollow fibers 21.
  • the axial compression of the hollow fiber bundle 19 takes place by applying a compressive force to the pouring cover 82 and / or to the pouring ring 80.
  • the hollow fiber bundle 19 is compressed in the longitudinal direction, the flexible lugs 42 are bent and the recess 58 is pushed in, and the end of the hollow fiber bundle 19 the housing 3 is pushed in a little. Since this is carried out simultaneously on both sides of the housing 3, the hollow fibers 21 are relaxed by a few millimeters and consequently lie loosely in the hollow fiber bundle 19 or housing 3. This gives them the possibility of easily shrinking a few millimeters without tearing or other damage to compensate.
  • the relative mobility of the support 40 or the hollow fiber bundle 19 with respect to the housing 3 is given, since the sealing compound 70 is essentially only located within the support ring 40.
  • the compression of the hollow fiber bundle 19 is made possible, which later enables the compensation of longitudinal shrinkage of the hollow fibers 21.
  • This longitudinal shrinkage of the hollow fibers 21 is the result of the final heat sterilization of the finished filter 100 and occurs in particular in the case of synthetic hollow fibers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un filtre à membranes en fibres creuses (21), dans lequel les fibres creuses (21) sont disposées en faisceau (19) dans un boîtier tubulaire (3). Ledit boîtier (3) présente à ses extrémités dans chaque cas un capuchon terminal (5), le faisceau de fibres creuses (19) étant disposé entre les extrémités du boîtier (3). Les extrémités du faisceau de fibres creuses (19) présentent dans chaque cas une bague d'appui (40) qui les entourent et sont coulées dans la bague d'appui (40). Ladite bague d'appui (40) présente des taquets (42) en saillie dans le sens axial et est montée mobile dans le boîtier (3), afin de compenser en particulier des tassements axiaux du faisceau de fibres creuses (19) pendant la stérilisation par voie thermique.
EP01904246A 2000-02-17 2001-02-14 Filtre a membranes en fibres creuses Withdrawn EP1227876A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0000505A SE0000505L (sv) 1999-03-05 2000-02-17 Filter med membran av hålfibrer
SE0000505 2000-02-17
PCT/IB2001/000184 WO2001060502A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-02-14 Filtre a membranes en fibres creuses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1227876A1 true EP1227876A1 (fr) 2002-08-07

Family

ID=20278477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01904246A Withdrawn EP1227876A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-02-14 Filtre a membranes en fibres creuses

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7014765B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1227876A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3215901A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001060502A1 (fr)

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US7014765B2 (en) 2006-03-21
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WO2001060502A1 (fr) 2001-08-23

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