EP1224708B1 - Coupleur pour ondes electromagnetiques - Google Patents

Coupleur pour ondes electromagnetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1224708B1
EP1224708B1 EP00964275A EP00964275A EP1224708B1 EP 1224708 B1 EP1224708 B1 EP 1224708B1 EP 00964275 A EP00964275 A EP 00964275A EP 00964275 A EP00964275 A EP 00964275A EP 1224708 B1 EP1224708 B1 EP 1224708B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
path
coupling
arms
groups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00964275A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1224708A1 (fr
Inventor
Wulu Chang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus DS GmbH
Original Assignee
Astrium GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astrium GmbH filed Critical Astrium GmbH
Publication of EP1224708A1 publication Critical patent/EP1224708A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/183—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers at least one of the guides being a coaxial line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coupler for electromagnetic waves, the one Coupling path and three decoupling paths, which are interconnected by coupling branches are connected.
  • a first decoupling path is through a first longitudinal branch with the Coupling path connected and a second coupling path is connected by a second longitudinal branch a third decoupling path is connected, the first longitudinal branch in turn connected to the second longitudinal branch is connected by transverse branches.
  • the couplers can either be inner conductors, which form the longitudinal and transverse branches, and outer conductors surrounding the inner conductors respectively. Such couplers are referred to in the following simply as coaxial couplers become.
  • the couplers can also be designed as a waveguide coupler, which in the essentially only have outer conductors, in particular, however, no continuous, interconnected inner conductor structures.
  • Couplers described which are designed as a waveguide coupler. These have none continuous inner conductor structures, but nevertheless have certain insulated ones Internal structures in the form of sweeping outer conductors, so that in turn effectively one Waveguide structure is present.
  • the wave resistance behaves correspondingly in the coaxial couplers described above.
  • the wave resistance is therefore inversely proportional to the diameter of the inner conductor. With a constant diameter of the outer conductor, narrow inner conductors have a high-resistance and wide inner conductors have a low-resistance effect.
  • GB 2 218 853 describes a microwave coupler for strip lines in which for example five identical conductors which act capacitively as longitudinal lines are connected and so corresponding capacitive cross branches between the strip lines be formed.
  • Claim 1 includes a directional coupler for electromagnetic waves with outer conductors and Inner conductors, as defined above as a coaxial coupler. Form the inner conductor Longitudinal branches and transverse branches within the outer conductor.
  • the coupler has a coupling path and three decoupling paths, which are interconnected by coupling branches. A first one The coupling-out path is connected to the coupling-in path by a first longitudinal branch second decoupling path is through a second longitudinal branch with a third decoupling path connected is. In addition, the first longitudinal branch is through with the second longitudinal branch Cross branches connected.
  • the transverse branches start from the coupling-in path at least in five successive groups of transverse branches are divided into at least one transverse branch, alternating as the first groups with fewer Width of the inner conductor and second groups with larger compared to the first groups Width of the inner conductor are formed.
  • the group closest to the coupling path is formed as the first group with a smaller width of the inner conductor.
  • Such constructions according to the invention enable strong coupling from the coupling path (Infeed gate) towards the second decoupling path (coupling gate).
  • An inventive directional coupler according to claim 1 or 2 thus offers an improved, namely higher coupling effect, which by an advantageous improvement from the prior art Technology known directional coupler structures can be achieved, in addition to improved effect a space-saving arrangement is made possible.
  • Such an arrangement according to the invention is used in particular when the second decoupling path does not form the geometric extension of the coupling path and is not directly adjacent to the coupling path, but is arranged opposite one another. Of the first and third decoupling paths are arranged directly adjacent to the coupling path.
  • the invention can thus also be used in particular as an intersection of lines.
  • the strength of the coupling can also be determined by the geometry of the longitudinal branches and the number the distance and geometry of the transverse branches can be varied. It can thus be designed in this way be that starting from the coupling path, a coupling predominantly in the direction of the second Decoupling path takes place. For example, the number of coupling branches can be increased, in order to achieve a stronger coupling in the direction of the second coupling-out path (coupling gate), without at the same time unnecessarily worsening the input adaptation of the directional coupler.
  • the decoupling path acts as an isolation gate, i.e. there should be practically none Power to be decoupled.
  • the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal branches in Longitudinal direction varies.
  • the longitudinal branches do not have a constant width but the width changes in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal branches, e.g. in the form of steps.
  • the length of the transverse branches is chosen in particular to be the same for all transverse branches. It can also the distance between the individual transverse branches can be varied, the distance between two of the branches can also go to zero, i.e. that these branches join together in the borderline case be merged into a single transverse branch. Finally, even in the course of an individual Cross branches vary the cross-sectional area in the longitudinal direction of the cross branch.
  • the cross branch can in the simplest case also change the width, e.g. in step form, which gives another degree of freedom to vary and optimize the strength of the coupling and the quality of the adaptation or isolation is given.
  • the individual coupling branches are preferably arranged in one plane and point in this Level in particular symmetry with respect to at least one axis.
  • the coupler can be specially designed so that there is a coupling between the coupling path and the second decoupling path (coupling gate) in the range between -3 dB and 0 dB will, i.e. that, on the other hand, a between the coupling-in path and the first coupling-out path Coupling is achieved, which can be significantly smaller than -3 dB. A coupling is thus achieved towards the second decoupling path, which is between 50% of the coupled power and an almost complete coupling of the coupled power.
  • the coupler can be designed as a waveguide coupler, i.e. as a coupler, at least in essentially only has outer conductors. Certain internal structures such as be provided in the prior art mentioned above, but so that effectively again Waveguide structures arise. But it can also be used as a coaxial coupler with inner conductor and Be outer conductors. Inner conductor and outer conductor of the directional coupler can basically have any suitable shape. For example, it can be provided that the Coupler is formed by rectangular outer conductors and rectangular inner conductors (barline). On Cross section through such a coupler is e.g. in W.
  • the coupler can also be a have a different geometry, e.g. round inner conductor and / or outer conductor. Besides, can For example, it can be provided that the outer conductor and / or inner conductor in that Spatial direction that is perpendicular to the level of the coupler or the coupling branches, one have a constant height.
  • Such a directional coupler is preferred as a microwave coupler for microwave circuits used. This can be used in antenna systems as used in the Telecommunications are common. For example, such a coupler can be part of a Distribution network of transmitting and receiving antennas, as in modern Communication satellites or similar microwave communications circuits can occur.
  • Fig. 1 shows a special embodiment for a directional coupler according to the invention, the has an inner conductor 1 and an outer conductor 2, with a coaxial Coupling path 3 (feed gate) and three coaxial coupling paths 4, 5, 11 are provided.
  • the Coupler has a double symmetry with respect to a first central axis 9 and one second central axis 10.
  • the first decoupling path 4 (through gate) represents the geometric extension of the Coupling path 3 and this is directly adjacent in terms of circuit technology and by one first longitudinal branch 6 connected to the coupling path 3.
  • the second decoupling path 5 (Coupling gate) is arranged geometrically opposite the coupling-in path 3 and through the special design of the directional coupler is a strong coupling from the coupling path 3 in Direction towards this second decoupling path 5 achieved. The remaining power is directed through the first longitudinal branch 6 towards the first decoupling path 4.
  • first longitudinal branch 6 and the second longitudinal branch 16 there are several groups of Cross branches 7a to 7e arranged. These transverse branches 7a to 7e and the longitudinal branches 6 and 16 together form the inner conductor 1 of the coaxial coupler.
  • Groups of transverse branches 7a to 7e are shown, which are parallel to the first central axis 9 of the Directional coupler run. It is provided here: a first, high-resistance group 7a, one second, low-resistance group 7b, a third, high-resistance group 7c, a fourth, low-resistance group Group 7d and a fifth, high-resistance group 7e.
  • the high-resistance or low-resistance effect the transverse branches 7a to 7e are due to the smaller or larger width of the transverse branches achieved.
  • transverse branches 7a to 7e can, depending on the strength of the desired coupling can be varied.
  • the Coupling branches of the third group 7c, that of the first central axis 9 of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 are directly adjacent to be merged into a single coupling branch.
  • the present arrangement only five groups of transverse branches 7a to 7e, each with one Have cross branches per group.
  • An optimization of the coupler can, for example, in addition to the number, the distance and he Width of the transverse branches in groups 7a to 7e or between groups 7a to 7e also on the shape of the longitudinal branches 6, 16 and the distance between the Longitudinal branches are made.
  • Each individual transverse branch of a group 7a to 7e or each longitudinal branch 6, 16 a variation of the cross-sectional area, especially several Have changes in width 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2. This allows good adaptation or isolation to be achieved.
  • the height of the inner conductor 1 and possibly also the height of the outer conductor 2, that is the dimension of the coupler in the spatial direction perpendicular to the cross section according to FIG. 1 or 2, are preferably constant.
  • the longitudinal branches 6, 16 also have a stepped structure, i.e. it here, too, the cross-sectional area is used for optimization purposes and for setting the coupling the branches vary in their longitudinal direction due to changes in width.

Landscapes

  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Coupleur directionnel pour ondes électromagnétiques comprenant des conducteurs extérieurs (2) et des conducteurs intérieurs (1) qui forment des branches longitudinales (6, 16) et des branches transversales (7a à 7e) à l'intérieur des conducteurs extérieurs (2), comprenant un trajet d'accouplement entrant (3) et trois trajets d'accouplement sortants (4, 5, 11) qui sont reliés les uns aux autres par des branches d'accouplement (6, 16, 7a à 7e), dans lequel :
    un premier trajet d'accouplement sortant (4) est relié au trajet d'accouplement entrant au moyen d'une première branche longitudinale (6),
    un deuxième trajet d'accouplement sortant (5) est relié à un troisième trajet d'accouplement sortant (11) au moyen d'une deuxième branche longitudinale (16), et
    la première branche longitudinale (2) est reliée à la deuxième branche longitudinale (16) par des branches transversales (7a à 7e), caractérisé en ce que :
    en partant du trajet d'accouplement entrant (3), les branches transversales (7a à 7e) sont subdivisées en au moins cinq groupes successifs de branches transversales (7a à 7e) comprenant chacun au moins une branche transversale, qui sont formés de manière alternante à titre de premiers groupes (7a, 7c, 7e) dans lesquels le conducteur intérieur (1) présente une plus faible largeur, et de deuxièmes groupes (7b, 7d) avec un conducteur intérieur (1) d'une largeur supérieure à ceux du premier groupe, et dans lequel le groupe (7a) disposé au plus proche du trajet d'accouplement entrant (3) est réalisé sous forme de premier groupe avec conducteur intérieur (1) de plus faible largeur.
  2. Coupleur directionnel pour ondes électromagnétiques, comprenant un trajet d'accouplement entrant (3) et trois trajets d'accouplement sortants (4, 5, 11) qui sont reliés les uns aux autres par des branches d'accouplement (6, 16, 7a à 7e), dans lequel :
    un premier trajet d'accouplement sortant (4) est relié au trajet d'accouplement entrant par une première branche longitudinale (6),
    un deuxième trajet d'accouplement sortant (5) est relié à un troisième trajet d'accouplement sortant (11) par une deuxième branche longitudinale (16), et
    la première branche longitudinale (6) est reliée à la deuxième branche longitudinale (16) par des branches transversales (7a à 7e), caractérisé en ce que :
    partant du trajet d'accouplement entrant (3), les branches transversales (7a à 7e) sont subdivisées en au moins cinq groupes successifs de branches transversales (7a à 7e) formés d'au moins une branche transversale respective, lesquels sont réalisés en alternance à titre de groupes à forte valeur ohmique (7a, 7c, 7e) et de groupes à faible valeur ohmique (7b, 7d), le groupe (7a) situé au plus proche du trajet d'accouplement entrant (3) étant réalisé sous forme de groupe à forte valeur ohmique.
  3. Coupleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les branches transversales (7a) à faible valeur ohmique ont une largeur plus importante que les branches transversales (7b) à forte valeur ohmique.
  4. Coupleur selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface de section des branches longitudinales (6, 16) varie en direction longitudinale.
  5. Coupleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les branches longitudinales (6, 16) présentent au moins à deux reprises une modification de largeur dans la direction longitudinale.
  6. Coupleur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les branches transversales (7a, 7b) présentent une longueur unitaire (8).
  7. Coupleur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la surface de section d'une partie au moins des branches transversales à forte valeur ohmique (7a) varie en direction longitudinale (8).
  8. Coupleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la partie des branches transversales (7a) à forte valeur ohmique présente au moins à deux reprises une modification de largeur en direction longitudinale (8).
  9. Coupleur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les branches d'accouplement (6, 7a, 7b) sont agencées dans un plan, et présentent dans ce plan une symétrie par rapport à au moins un axe (9, 10).
  10. Coupleur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le coupleur est conçu sous forme de coupleur à conducteur creux avec des conducteurs extérieurs (2).
  11. Coupleur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le coupleur est conçu sous forme de coupleur coaxial avec des conducteurs extérieurs (2) et des conducteurs intérieurs (1).
  12. Coupleur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé par des conducteurs extérieurs rectangulaires (2) et par des conducteurs intérieurs rectangulaires (1).
EP00964275A 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Coupleur pour ondes electromagnetiques Expired - Lifetime EP1224708B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19949069 1999-10-12
DE19949069A DE19949069A1 (de) 1999-10-12 1999-10-12 Koppler für elektromagnetische Wellen
PCT/EP2000/009748 WO2001028030A1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Coupleur pour ondes electromagnetiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1224708A1 EP1224708A1 (fr) 2002-07-24
EP1224708B1 true EP1224708B1 (fr) 2003-04-23

Family

ID=7925316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00964275A Expired - Lifetime EP1224708B1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Coupleur pour ondes electromagnetiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1224708B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003511942A (fr)
CA (1) CA2385900A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19949069A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001028030A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218853A (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-22 Philips Electronic Associated Microwave directional coupler
US5235296A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-08-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Directional coupler using a microstrip line
DE19716290A1 (de) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Richtkoppler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003511942A (ja) 2003-03-25
DE50001918D1 (de) 2003-05-28
CA2385900A1 (fr) 2001-04-19
WO2001028030A1 (fr) 2001-04-19
EP1224708A1 (fr) 2002-07-24
DE19949069A1 (de) 2001-06-13

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