EP1220818A1 - Wasserbehandlungsmittel zur verlängerung der wasserwechselintervalle in hälterungssystemen - Google Patents
Wasserbehandlungsmittel zur verlängerung der wasserwechselintervalle in hälterungssystemenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1220818A1 EP1220818A1 EP00956453A EP00956453A EP1220818A1 EP 1220818 A1 EP1220818 A1 EP 1220818A1 EP 00956453 A EP00956453 A EP 00956453A EP 00956453 A EP00956453 A EP 00956453A EP 1220818 A1 EP1220818 A1 EP 1220818A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- acid
- carboxylic acid
- organic carboxylic
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Substances OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Substances OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- ZUGAOYSWHHGDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 5-hydroxy-2,8,9-trioxa-1-aluminabicyclo[3.3.2]decane-3,7,10-trione Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O ZUGAOYSWHHGDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005336 magnesium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002538 magnesium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229940101267 panthenol Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 235000020957 pantothenol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011619 pantothenol Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001427 calcium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011035 calcium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019848 magnesium salts of citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011637 magnesium salts of citric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940095060 magnesium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical class O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 20
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 16
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000006335 Phosphate-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010058514 Phosphate-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037358 bacterial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003798 microbiological reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish
Definitions
- the invention relates to chemically and microbiologically active preparations for extending the water change-free intervals in biological housing systems
- Has the source water e.g. B. tap water, a sufficient quality, can be counteracted by frequent partial or complete water changes a deterioration in water quality caused by the housing.
- the procedure of changing the water is cumbersome and uncomfortable for the aquarist, for the kept fish and other aquatic organisms not without, e.g. T. considerable risk from undesirable properties of the fresh starting water, for example chlorine, heavy metals.
- a regular change of partial water cannot eliminate the changes typical of the system, but only reduces them and the deterioration in water quality is only delayed.
- a regular change of partial water carries additional risks, which are derived from increased stress for fish and other aquatic organisms and caused by the fresh water used.
- With the very widespread use of tap water there is a risk from chlorine, heavy metals and the absence of organic colloids, which gives the tap water a certain aggressiveness towards the mucous membrane. It is therefore desirable to develop a water treatment agent or process that reduces, minimizes or eliminates the described changes in water quality-determining parameters and thus enables a significant reduction in the frequency of partial water changes or a significant extension of the water change-free intervals.
- Nitrogen sources with the feed All nitrogen sources from the feed, for the most part proteins, are oxidized to nitrate by ammonia and nitrite.
- the constant increase in nitrate is an unnatural burden on the housing water, which is undesirable for aquarists.
- the nitrate content of the initial water is often so high, e.g. B. at 25 - 50 mg / 1, so that the natural N0 3 ⁇ concentration of a few mg / 1 can never be reached by water changes.
- the lowering of the carbonate hardness due to nitrification is another example of the undesired water changes mentioned.
- the oxidation of the continuously supplied organic nitrogen takes place via the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite made possible by nitrifying bacteria. In this biological process one mole of H + ions is formed per mole of ammonia.
- the released H + ions react with existing bases, mostly bicarbonate as a carbonate hardness, with protonation and reduction of the carbonate hardness.
- the invention was based on the object of developing a water additive which, from a general point of view
- the water additive should reduce, minimize or eliminate the following chemical changes when used regularly:
- the invention thus relates to a composition for long-term improvement in the water quality of biological housing systems, characterized by a content of
- Alkaline earth metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid Alkaline earth metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid
- the resulting composition can contain all the essential components in addition to the components necessary to eliminate the sub-problems described at the beginning Contain trace elements and water-soluble vitamins, especially those from the B group.
- the new composition (in the form of a combination preparation) for combined problem solving contains the following individual components:
- the precipitated metal hydroxides with co-occluded phosphate accumulate in the filter sludge and are eliminated during regular filter cleaning.
- the phosphate increase can be completely prevented.
- the phosphate precipitation according to the invention has serious and surprising advantages:
- Aluminum citrate and / or iron citrate are preferably used.
- the application concentration in the holding water is 0.5 - 50 mg / 1, preferably 0.5 - 10 mg / 1 at a dosage of once to three times a week.
- the housing water is regularly N-free, If organic, degradable substances are added, the increase in the nitrate concentration is slowed down or limited even without the presence of anaerobic reactors and a nitrate concentration is reached which is at a medium level. Without treatment with these water additives according to the invention, the nitrate content increases monotonously and indefinitely. Since the reason for the prevented or braked increase in nitrate is a partial denitrification in anaerobic micro-areas in the filter, the nitrification-related loss of carbonate hardness (HC0 3 ⁇ concentration) is inhibited or limited parallel to the slowing down or limitation of the nitrate increase.
- biodegradable organic compounds can be used as nitrate-reducing, water-soluble compounds, but preferably aliphatic compounds such as alcohols, e.g. As glycerin, sorbitol or ethanol, sugar, e.g. Pentoses, hexoses or sucrose, or carboxylic acids, e.g. Acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid or tartaric acid.
- alcohols e.g. As glycerin, sorbitol or ethanol
- sugar e.g. Pentoses, hexoses or sucrose
- carboxylic acids e.g. Acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid or tartaric acid.
- Acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glycerol, glucose, sucrose are preferably used, a combination of citric acid, tartaric acid and sucrose having proven particularly useful.
- the application concentrations in the cage water for citric acid are 0.5 - 100 mg / 1, preferably 1 - 20 mg / 1; for sucrose 0.5 - 50 mg / 1, preferably 1 - 20 mg / 1, and for tartaric acid 0.5 - 50 mg / 1, preferably 1 - 20 mg / 1, at a dosage of once to three times a week.
- the carbonate hardness is also stabilized at minimum values below which the carbonate hardness does not drop any further.
- the added compounds are completely broken down to H 2 0 and C0 2 .
- the C0 2 formed is used as a C source by plants, algae and nitrifying bacteria.
- the C0 2 " concentration can be corrected downwards as required.
- the following microbiological / chemical principle is used, using Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg + and Sr 2+ salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as, for example, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid , Formic acid, propionic acid, malic acid and the like.
- carboxylic acids e.g. B. acetic acid, microbiologically degraded, only H 2 0 and C0 2 are formed :
- the bicarbonates are formed after biodegradation.
- This may be the example of sodium hydrogen carbonate from organic sodium salts, e.g. B. Na acetate, Na citrate, not yet act very spectacular, since NaHC0 3 itself is easily accessible. But even here with liquid preparations there is the great advantage of the - in comparison to NaHC0 3 - mostly very high solubility, for example Na acetate, which allows high product concentrations and ranges.
- the Na salt of organic carboxylic acids has a pH-neutral effect, can even be made acidic in the product with excess carboxylic acid (s). Naturally, this is not possible with NaHC0 3 or Na 2 C0 3 .
- M 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+
- the dosages are based on the desired setting or increase in the carbonate hardness or the HC0 3 " concentration.
- 1 mmol / 1 Na salt of organic carboxylic acids increases the carbonate hardness by 2.8 ° dH
- 1 mmol / 1 Mg 2+ , Ca 2 + , Sr 2+ salts of organic carboxylic acids increases the carbonate hardness by 5.6 ° dH.
- Na + salts practically all aliphatic carboxylic acids, especially acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and the like.
- alphatic carboxylic acids that form water-soluble Ca 2+ salts, especially formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and the like.
- Na + and Mg 2+ salts of citric acid and tartaric acid are preferably used.
- Ca 2+ salts can be dispensed with due to the normally high Ca 2+ content of the initial water, but admixing is generally possible if acids are used that form soluble Ca salts.
- the carbonate hardness expediently added to the holding water once to three times a week, is 0.05-5 ° dH, preferably 0.1-1.0 ° dH. This is achieved by the appropriate addition of 0.018-1.8 mmol / 1 alkali metal salts, preferably 0.036-0.36 mmol / 1, or 0.009-0.9 mmol / 1 alkaline earth metal salts, preferably 0.018-0.18 mmol, or corresponding mixtures of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts.
- C0 2 Only controlled amounts of C0 2 are generated, which serve plants, algae and autotrophic microorganisms for the supply of carbon.
- Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ bicarbonates formed from organic salts described here in addition to the Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ bicarbonates formed from organic salts described here, other inorganic Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ salts, such as chlorides or sulfates, can also be added in combination, so that every possible or required chemical
- Mg 2+ salts (if necessary also Ca 2+ salts) of citric acid and tartaric acid are preferably used.
- the total hardness added to the housing water once or three times a week, as magnesium hardness, is 0.01
- carboxylic acids formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid
- alcohols ethanol, glycerin, sorbitol
- sugar pentoses, hexoses, sucrose.
- Carboxylic acids therefore generate C0 2 in a step process:
- Alcohols and sugars added to the housing system are only broken down by the relatively slow microbiological reaction to H 2 0 and C0 2 .
- a very uniform C0 2 introduction can be achieved, e.g. B. by the combination of citric acid and sucrose or acetic acid and sucrose.
- Storage water (after the complete breakdown of the organic additives) is 1 - 100 mg / 1, preferably 5 - 50 mg / 1 at a dosage of once to three times a week.
- the trace elements are metered into the housing water once to three times a week with the combination agent according to the invention.
- Table 2 below lists the general and preferred concentration ranges of the water-soluble vitamins from the B group introduced into the housing water:
- the vitamins are dosed once to three times a week with the active ingredient combination.
- the aquariums were kept for 6 months without changing the water. Evaporated water was supplemented by demineralized water in order to create a worst-case situation with regard to KH (carbonate hardness) losses and pH drop.
- KH carbonate hardness
- the phosphate concentration remained below 0.1 to 0.2 mg / 1 throughout the test period.
- the acid drop could thus be reliably prevented, the pH values were stabilized in the pH range 7.3 - 8.0.
- the CO 2 concentration remained between 2.5 and 20 mg / 1 CO 2 .
- composition composition, preparation, dosage form of the combination product or preparation according to the invention:
- composition of the combination product or preparation is derived from
- the combination agents according to the invention can be in the form of concentrates, aqueous solutions or solid
- Preparations such as As powders, granules, extrudates, tablets, beads or in capsules can be provided.
- the preparations can contain further components corresponding to the prior art, for example preservatives, thickeners, once a week) - 1 x per 2 weeks suspension stabilizers for liquid preparations, dyes, technological aids for granulation, tableting or extrusion, flow improver for powders.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19944800 | 1999-09-18 | ||
DE19944800A DE19944800B4 (de) | 1999-09-18 | 1999-09-18 | Wasserbehandlungsmittel zur Verlängerung der Wasserwechselintervalle in Hälterungssystemen |
PCT/EP2000/007981 WO2001021534A1 (de) | 1999-09-18 | 2000-08-16 | Wasserbehandlungsmittel zur verlängerung der wasserwechselintervalle in hälterungssystemen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1220818A1 true EP1220818A1 (de) | 2002-07-10 |
Family
ID=7922494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00956453A Withdrawn EP1220818A1 (de) | 1999-09-18 | 2000-08-16 | Wasserbehandlungsmittel zur verlängerung der wasserwechselintervalle in hälterungssystemen |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6979411B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1220818A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4820514B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100747124B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100457648C (de) |
AU (1) | AU777871B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0014069B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2382950C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ2002910A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19944800B4 (de) |
EA (1) | EA006817B1 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1049992B (de) |
PL (1) | PL205060B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001021534A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050193956A1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-08 | Axelrod Glen S. | Synthetic ocean salt |
JP4863110B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2012-01-25 | 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー | 飼育水浄化用の包括固定化担体、飼育水の浄化方法及び装置、並びに水槽セット |
CN101820773A (zh) * | 2007-08-29 | 2010-09-01 | 马斯公司 | 单包猫粮产品及其制造方法 |
DE102009014945A1 (de) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-07 | Schmidt, Hartmut, Prof. Dr. | Verbesserung des gemeinsamen Pflanzenwachstums in stehenden Gewässern |
DE102014007673A1 (de) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | AQ Marketing AG | Salzmischung zur Ergänzung des Mineralienhaushalts im Aquaristikbereich, gebrauchsfertige Lösung der Salzmischung, Verwendung der Salzmischung und durch Letzteres erhaltener Aquaristikzierstein |
CN104604936A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-05-13 | 角志海 | 一种新型水体除藻剂及其制备方法 |
CN106587368A (zh) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 国科蓝天清洁能源技术有限公司 | 一种生物冷效提升清洁剂及其用途 |
CN105941297A (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 广州力必拓生物科技有限公司 | 养殖水环境钙镁盐平行调节剂及使用方法和应用 |
CN109329187B (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏世邦生物工程科技有限公司 | 具有微量元素释放功能的模块化生态水产养殖单元 |
CN109574230B (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-11-12 | 昆明理工大学 | MgCl2和KNO3在提高植物对镉的富集能力中的用途 |
CN110002533B (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种利用乙酸的协同作用实现三氯乙酸光降解的方法 |
EP4185105A4 (de) * | 2020-07-21 | 2024-05-01 | Spectrum Brands, Inc. | Zusammensetzungen und verfahren zur behandlung von aquariumwasser |
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EP0882675A1 (de) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-09 | BK Giulini Chemie GmbH & Co. OHG | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Denitrifizierung bei gleichzeitiger Dephosphatierung bei der Abwasserbehandlung |
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DE2221545C3 (de) * | 1972-05-03 | 1985-10-24 | Ulrich Dr.Rer.Nat. 4520 Melle Baensch | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aquariumwasser |
US3992556A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1976-11-16 | Vitamins, Inc. | Supplemented food product |
JPS6196959A (ja) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-05-15 | Tokura:Kk | 養魚用餌料 |
US5118513A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1992-06-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for enhancing bioavailability of iron-calcium mineral supplements |
CN1115620A (zh) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | 袁升彪 | 婴幼儿童饮用水 |
US5474703A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1995-12-12 | Warner-Lambert Company | Flocculating agent containing aluminum and a polybasic carboxylic acid |
US5618574A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-04-08 | Clearwater Fish & Pond Supply, Inc. | Fish food |
PT848592E (pt) * | 1995-09-05 | 2001-03-30 | Baensch Tetra Werke | Agentes anti-"stress" para animais aquaticos |
DE19533994A1 (de) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Guenter Dr Ritter | Reiniger und andere funktionale Produkte mit extrem niedriger Abwasser- und Umweltbelastung |
DE29617181U1 (de) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-02-20 | Tetra Werke Dr.Rer.Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh, 49324 Melle | Mittel zur Herstellung von biologisch vorteilhaftem bis naturnahem Aquarien- und Gartenteichwasser |
DE19611135B4 (de) | 1996-03-21 | 2004-03-11 | Tetra Werke Dr.Rer.Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh | Mittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung von biologisch vorteilhaftem bis naturnahem Aquarien- und Gartenteichwasser |
DE29702229U1 (de) * | 1997-02-10 | 1997-03-27 | Tetra Werke Dr.Rer.Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh, 49324 Melle | Zwei-Komponenten-Wasserreinigungsmittel für Aquarien |
WO1998034877A2 (de) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh | Zwei-komponentenmittel zur wasserklärung von tropischen zierfischaquarien |
JPH11266793A (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd | 魚介類仔稚用微粒子飼料 |
US6376229B2 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2002-04-23 | World Wide Imports Enterprises, Inc. | Method for preservation of marine microorganisms |
-
1999
- 1999-09-18 DE DE19944800A patent/DE19944800B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-16 BR BRPI0014069-4A patent/BR0014069B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-16 EA EA200200384A patent/EA006817B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-16 EP EP00956453A patent/EP1220818A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-16 US US10/088,048 patent/US6979411B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-16 JP JP2001524918A patent/JP4820514B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-16 CN CNB00813023XA patent/CN100457648C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-16 KR KR1020027003599A patent/KR100747124B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-16 CZ CZ2002910A patent/CZ2002910A3/cs unknown
- 2000-08-16 WO PCT/EP2000/007981 patent/WO2001021534A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2000-08-16 AU AU68388/00A patent/AU777871B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-16 CA CA002382950A patent/CA2382950C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-16 PL PL353928A patent/PL205060B1/pl unknown
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2003
- 2003-03-25 HK HK03102162.5A patent/HK1049992B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0882675A1 (de) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-09 | BK Giulini Chemie GmbH & Co. OHG | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Denitrifizierung bei gleichzeitiger Dephosphatierung bei der Abwasserbehandlung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA006817B1 (ru) | 2006-04-28 |
DE19944800A1 (de) | 2001-03-22 |
KR100747124B1 (ko) | 2007-08-09 |
HK1049992A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 |
CA2382950C (en) | 2009-03-10 |
CN1374930A (zh) | 2002-10-16 |
US6979411B1 (en) | 2005-12-27 |
BR0014069A (pt) | 2002-05-14 |
KR20020063857A (ko) | 2002-08-05 |
CN100457648C (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
DE19944800B4 (de) | 2012-04-12 |
CZ2002910A3 (cs) | 2002-09-11 |
CA2382950A1 (en) | 2001-03-29 |
AU6838800A (en) | 2001-04-24 |
PL205060B1 (pl) | 2010-03-31 |
PL353928A1 (en) | 2003-12-15 |
EA200200384A1 (ru) | 2002-08-29 |
BR0014069B1 (pt) | 2010-12-28 |
WO2001021534A1 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
JP2003530824A (ja) | 2003-10-21 |
HK1049992B (zh) | 2009-12-11 |
AU777871B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
JP4820514B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
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